James Andrew Alspaugh II

James Andrew Alspaugh II
Professor of Medicine

The focus of my research is to understand the ways in which microorganisms sense and respond to changes in their environment. As microbial pathogens enter the infected host, dramatic genetic and phenotypic events occur that allow these organisms to survive in this harsh environment. We study the model fungal organism Cryptococcus neoformans to define signal transduction pathways associated with systemic fungal diseases. This pathogenic fungus causes lethal infections of the central nervous system in patients with AIDS and other immunological disorders. In addition to being an important pathogen, C. neoformans displays well-characterized and inducible virulence determinants. It is an outstanding system for dissecting the signaling pathways associated with pathogenicity.

The main techniques used in the lab are those of molecular genetics. We are able to readily mutate C. neoformans genes by homologous recombination. Mutant strains with disruptions in targeted genes are then evaluated in vitro for various phenotypes including altered expression of polysaccharide capsule and melanin. The effects of gene disruption on pathogenicity are also evaluated in animal models of cryptococcal disease. Using these techniques, we have identified a novel G-alpha protein/cAMP-dependent signaling pathway associated with mating and pathogenicity.

This research is complemented by the other investigators in the Duke University Mycology Research Unit. The members of this research community are pursuing studies in fungal pathogenesis, identifying novel antifungal drug targets, and studying the ecology of several medically important fungi.

Keywords: Microbial Pathogenesis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Signal transduction
Fungal mating
G proteins

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2013
Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2014

Contact Information

DUMC Box 102359, 303 Sands Building, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710
andrew.alspaugh@duke.edu (919) 684-0045

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Fellow, Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine 1995 - 1998
- Resident, Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 1992 - 1995
- Intern, Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 1991 - 1992
- M.D., Duke University 1991
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2008 - 2013
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2008 - 2013
- Assistant Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2002 - 2008
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2005 - 2008
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 1999 - 2005
- Associate in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 1998 - 1999
- Instructor, Temporary in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 1998
Expertise
Global Scholarship
- Research
  - Central African Republic (Country)
Research
Selected Grants
- Duke Physician Scientist Development program awarded by Burroughs Wellcome Fund 2018 - 2023
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Training Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2023
- Duke Resident Physician-Scientist Program- NIAID awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2022
- Postdoctoral Training in Genomic Medicine Research awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2022
- Role of osteopontin in innate immunity during infections and inflammation awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2022
- Defining pH-Sensing in Fungal Virulence awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2022
- Coordinated Regulation of Virulence Genes in C. neoformans awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2021
- Interdisciplinary Research Training Program in AIDS awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2020
- Genetics Training Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 1979 - 2020
- Organization and Function of Cellular Structure awarded by National Institutes of Health 1975 - 2020
- Molecular Mycology and Pathogenesis Training Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2019
- Temperature-dependent transposon mobilization in Cryptococcus neoformans awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2019
- Mining the Coprophilous Mycobiome for new Cryptococcus Antiinfectives and Antifungal Synergists awarded by University of Iowa 2017 - 2018
- Physician-Scientist awarded by Burroughs Wellcome Fund 2017 - 2018
- Ras Signaling in C. neoformans virulence and development awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2014
- C. neoformans cAMP signaling and pathogenesis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2009
- Ras signaling in C. neoformans virulence and development awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2003
- Signal Transduction And Virulence In C Neoformans awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2002
- Signal transduction and virulence in C Neoformans awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2002
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Chen, SF, Deitz, J, Batten, JN, DeCoste-Lopez, J, Adam, M, Alspaugh, JA, Amieva, MR, Becker, P, Boslett, B, Carline, J, Chin-Hong, P, Engle, DL, Hayward, KN, Nevins, A, Porwal, A, Pottinger, PS, Schwartz, BS, Smith, S, Sow, M, Teherani, A, and Prober, CG. "A Multi-Institution Collaboration to Define Core Content and Design Flexible Curricular Components for a Foundational Medical School Course: Implications for National Curriculum Reform." Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges (February 19, 2019). Full Text
  - Brown, HE, Ost, KS, Esher, SK, Pianalto, KM, Saelens, JW, Guan, Z, and Andrew Alspaugh, J. "Identifying a novel connection between the fungal plasma membrane and pH-sensing." Molecular Microbiology 109, no. 4 (August 2018): 474-493. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Esher, SK, Ost, KS, Kohlbrenner, MA, Pianalto, KM, Telzrow, CL, Campuzano, A, Nichols, CB, Munro, C, Wormley, FL, and Alspaugh, JA. "Defects in intracellular trafficking of fungal cell wall synthases lead to aberrant host immune recognition." Plos Pathogens 14, no. 6 (June 4, 2018): e1007126-null. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Pianalto, KM, Ost, KS, Brown, HE, and Alspaugh, JA. "Characterization of additional components of the environmental pH-sensing complex in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans." The Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, no. 26 (June 2018): 9995-10008. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Brandão, F, Esher, SK, Ost, KS, Pianalto, K, Nichols, CB, Fernandes, L, Bocca, AL, Poças-Fonseca, MJ, and Alspaugh, JA. "HDAC genes play distinct and redundant roles in Cryptococcus neoformans virulence." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 5209-null. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Xu, L, Li, Y, Biggins, JB, Bowman, BR, Verdine, GL, Gloer, JB, Alspaugh, JA, and Bills, GF. "Identification of cyclosporin C from Amphichorda felina using a Cryptococcus neoformans differential temperature sensitivity assay." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 102, no. 5 (March 2018): 2337-2350. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Esher, SK, Zaragoza, O, and Alspaugh, JA. "Cryptococcal pathogenic mechanisms: a dangerous trip from the environment to the brain." Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 113, no. 7 (January 2018): e180057-null. (Review) Full Text
  - Hemmersbach-Miller, M, Bailey, ES, Kappus, M, Prasad, VK, Gray, GC, and Alspaugh, JA. "Disseminated Adenovirus Infection After Combined Liver-Kidney Transplantation." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 8 (January 2018): 408-null. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Paes, HC, Derengowski, LDS, Peconick, LDF, Albuquerque, P, Pappas, GJ, Nicola, AM, Silva, FBA, Vallim, MA, Alspaugh, JA, Felipe, MSS, and Fernandes, L. "A Wor1-Like Transcription Factor Is Essential for Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 8 (January 2018): 369-null. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Alspaugh, JA. "Targeting protein localization for anti-infective therapy." Virulence 8, no. 7 (October 2017): 1105-1107. Full Text
  - Ost, KS, Esher, SK, Leopold Wager, CM, Walker, L, Wagener, J, Munro, C, Wormley, FL, and Alspaugh, JA. "Rim Pathway-Mediated Alterations in the Fungal Cell Wall Influence Immune Recognition and Inflammation." Mbio 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2017). Full Text
  - Gontijo, FDA, de Melo, AT, Pascon, RC, Fernandes, L, Paes, HC, Alspaugh, JA, and Vallim, MA. "The role of Aspartyl aminopeptidase (Ape4) in Cryptococcus neoformans virulence and authophagy." PloS one 12, no. 5 (January 2017): e0177461-. Full Text
  - Alspaugh, JA. "Discovery of Ibomycin, a Potent Antifungal Weapon." Cell Chemical Biology 23, no. 11 (November 2016): 1321-1322. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Pianalto, KM, and Alspaugh, JA. "New Horizons in Antifungal Therapy." Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2, no. 4 (October 2, 2016). (Review) Full Text
  - Esher, SK, Ost, KS, Kozubowski, L, Yang, D-H, Kim, MS, Bahn, Y-S, Alspaugh, JA, and Nichols, CB. "Relative Contributions of Prenylation and Postprenylation Processing in Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis." Msphere 1, no. 2 (March 30, 2016). Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Alspaugh, JA. "Unveiling Protein Kinase A Targets in Cryptococcus neoformans Capsule Formation." Mbio 7, no. 1 (January 2016): e00021-e00016. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Esher, SK, Granek, JA, and Alspaugh, JA. "Rapid mapping of insertional mutations to probe cell wall regulation in Cryptococcus neoformans." Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B 82 (September 2015): 9-21. Full Text
  - Nichols, CB, Ost, KS, Grogan, DP, Pianalto, K, Hasan, S, and Alspaugh, JA. "Impact of Protein Palmitoylation on the Virulence Potential of Cryptococcus neoformans." Eukaryotic Cell 14, no. 7 (July 2015): 626-635. Full Text
  - Alspaugh, JA. "Virulence mechanisms and Cryptococcus neoformans pathogenesis." Fungal Genetics and Biology : Fg & B 78 (May 2015): 55-58. (Review) Full Text
  - Ost, KS, O'Meara, TR, Huda, N, Esher, SK, and Alspaugh, JA. "The Cryptococcus neoformans alkaline response pathway: identification of a novel rim pathway activator." PLoS genetics 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2015): e1005159-. Full Text
  - Alspaugh, JA. "Virulence mechanisms and Cryptococcus neoformans pathogenesis." Fungal Genetics and Biology 78 (2015): 55-58. Full Text
  - Lin, X, Alspaugh, JA, Liu, H, and Harris, S. "Fungal morphogenesis." Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 5, no. 2 (November 3, 2014): a019679-. (Review) Full Text
  - de Gontijo, FA, Pascon, RC, Fernandes, L, Machado, J, Alspaugh, JA, and Vallim, MA. "The role of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans high temperature growth and virulence." Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B 70 (September 2014): 12-23. Full Text
  - Esher, SK, Granek, JA, and Alspaugh, JA. "AIM-HII: a new method to rapidly identify agrobacterium-mediated insertion sites in C. neoformans." MYCOSES 57 (May 2014): 79-80. Link to Item
  - Fernandes Matos, LF, Santos, TC, Barros, ALN, Peconick, LDF, Paes, HC, Nichols, CB, Alspaugh, JA, Felipe, MS, and Fernandes, LF. "Velvet proteins are mating regulators in Cryptococcus neoformans." MYCOSES 57 (May 2014): 72-72. Link to Item
  - Nichols, CB, Selvig, KM, Esher, SK, and Alspaugh, JA. "Rim pathway-mediated adaptation to the host environment." MYCOSES 57 (May 2014): 12-13. Link to Item
  - Nichols, CB, Vazquez, C, and Alspaugh, JA. "Drug delivery in C. neoformans using nanoparticles." MYCOSES 57 (May 2014): 50-50. Link to Item
  - Oliveira, FFM, Costa Paes, HCP, Peconick, LDF, Albuquerque, P, Nicola, AM, Melo, MH, Fonseca, FL, Rodrigues, ML, Alspaugh, JA, Soares Felipe, MS, and Fernandes, LF. "Erg6 is a potential drug target in Cryptococcus neoformans." MYCOSES 57 (May 2014): 46-47. Link to Item
  - Paes, HC, Derengowski, LS, Albuquerque, P, Nicola, AM, Vallim, MA, Alspaugh, JA, Felipe, MS, and Fernandes, LF. "Role of a Ryp1 homologue in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans." MYCOSES 57 (May 2014): 74-74. Link to Item
  - Peconick, LDF, Paes, HC, Nichols, CB, Alspaugh, JA, Felipe, MS, and Fernandes, LF. "The Cryptococcus neoformans Velvet gene VOSA is a positive regulator of mating." MYCOSES 57 (May 2014): 75-76. Link to Item
  - Selvig, KM, and Alspaugh, JA. "The basics of the Cryptococcus neoformans alkaline response pathway: adapting to a bitter host." MYCOSES 57 (May 2014): 18-18. Link to Item
  - O'Meara, TR, Xu, W, Selvig, KM, O'Meara, MJ, Mitchell, AP, and Alspaugh, JA. "The Cryptococcus neoformans Rim101 transcription factor directly regulates genes required for adaptation to the host." Molecular and Cellular Biology 34, no. 4 (February 2014): 673-684. Full Text
  - Alspaugh, JA. "Hostile takeover: fungal protein promotes host cell invasion." The Journal of Clinical Investigation 124, no. 1 (January 2014): 74-76. Full Text
  - Selvig, K, Ballou, ER, Nichols, CB, and Alspaugh, JA. "Restricted substrate specificity for the geranylgeranyltransferase-I enzyme in Cryptococcus neoformans: implications for virulence." Eukaryotic Cell 12, no. 11 (November 2013): 1462-1471. Full Text
  - Ballou, ER, Selvig, K, Narloch, JL, Nichols, CB, and Alspaugh, JA. "Two Rac paralogs regulate polarized growth in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans." Fungal Genet Biol 57 (August 2013): 58-75. Full Text Link to Item
  - O'Meara, TR, Holmer, SM, Selvig, K, Dietrich, F, and Alspaugh, JA. "Cryptococcus neoformans Rim101 is associated with cell wall remodeling and evasion of the host immune responses." Mbio 4, no. 1 (January 15, 2013). Full Text
  - Ballou, ER, Kozubowski, L, Nichols, CB, and Alspaugh, JA. "Ras1 acts through duplicated Cdc42 and Rac proteins to regulate morphogenesis and pathogenesis in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans." Plos Genetics 9, no. 8 (January 2013): e1003687-null. Full Text
  - Ballou, ER, Selvig, K, Narloch, JL, Nichols, CB, and Alspaugh, JA. "Two Rac paralogs regulate polarized growth in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans." Fungal Genetics and Biology 57 (2013): 58-75. Full Text
  - O'Meara, TR, and Alspaugh, JA. "The Cryptococcus neoformans capsule: a sword and a shield." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 25, no. 3 (July 2012): 387-408. (Review) Full Text
  - Shen, G, Zhou, E, Alspaugh, JA, and Wang, P. "Wsp1 is downstream of Cin1 and regulates vesicle transport and actin cytoskeleton as an effector of Cdc42 and Rac1 in Cryptococcus neoformans." Eukaryotic Cell 11, no. 4 (April 2012): 471-481. Full Text
  - Ballou, ER, Alspaugh, JA, and Nichols, CB. "Morphogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans." Topics in Current Genetics 22 (February 6, 2012): 197-223. Full Text
  - Selvig, K, and Alspaugh, JA. "pH Response Pathways in Fungi: Adapting to Host-derived and Environmental Signals." Mycobiology 39, no. 4 (December 7, 2011): 249-256. Full Text
  - Hast, MA, Nichols, CB, Armstrong, SM, Kelly, SM, Hellinga, HW, Alspaugh, JA, and Beese, LS. "Structures of Cryptococcus neoformans protein farnesyltransferase reveal strategies for developing inhibitors that target fungal pathogens." The Journal of Biological Chemistry 286, no. 40 (October 2011): 35149-35162. Full Text
  - Okagaki, LH, Wang, Y, Ballou, ER, O'Meara, TR, Bahn, Y-S, Alspaugh, JA, Xue, C, and Nielsen, K. "Cryptococcal titan cell formation is regulated by G-protein signaling in response to multiple stimuli." Eukaryotic Cell 10, no. 10 (October 2011): 1306-1316. Full Text
  - Schell, WA, O'Donnell, K, and Alspaugh, JA. "Heterothallic mating in Mucor irregularis and first isolate of the species outside of Asia." Med Mycol 49, no. 7 (October 2011): 714-723. Full Text Link to Item
  - Stout, JE, Gadkowski, LB, Rath, S, Alspaugh, JA, Miller, MB, and Cox, GM. "Pedicure-associated rapidly growing mycobacterial infection: an endemic disease." Clin Infect Dis 53, no. 8 (October 2011): 787-792. Full Text Link to Item
  - O'Meara, TR, Hay, C, Price, MS, Giles, S, and Alspaugh, JA. "Cryptococcus neoformans histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 regulates fungal adaptation to the host." Eukaryotic Cell 9, no. 8 (August 2010): 1193-1202. Full Text
  - O'Meara, TR, Norton, D, Price, MS, Hay, C, Clements, MF, Nichols, CB, and Alspaugh, JA. "Interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans Rim101 and protein kinase A regulates capsule." Plos Pathogens 6, no. 2 (February 19, 2010): e1000776-null. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Ballou, ER, Nichols, CB, Miglia, KJ, Kozubowski, L, and Alspaugh, JA. "Two CDC42 paralogues modulate Cryptococcus neoformans thermotolerance and morphogenesis under host physiological conditions." Mol Microbiol 75, no. 3 (February 2010): 763-780. Full Text Link to Item
  - Willger, SD, Ernst, JF, Alspaugh, JA, and Lengeler, KB. "Characterization of the PMT gene family in Cryptococcus neoformans." Plos One 4, no. 7 (July 27, 2009): e6321-null. Full Text
  - Fortwendel, JR, Juvvadi, PR, Pinchai, N, Perfect, BZ, Alspaugh, JA, Perfect, JR, and Steinbach, WJ. "Differential effects of inhibiting chitin and 1,3-{beta}-D-glucan synthesis in ras and calcineurin mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 2 (February 2009): 476-482. Full Text
  - Nichols, CB, Ferreyra, J, Ballou, ER, and Alspaugh, JA. "Subcellular localization directs signaling specificity of the Cryptococcus neoformans Ras1 protein." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 2 (February 2009): 181-189. Full Text
  - Price, MS, Nichols, CB, and Alspaugh, JA. "The Cryptococcus neoformans Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor mediates intracellular survival and virulence." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 12 (December 2008): 5729-5737. Full Text
  - Nichols, CB, Perfect, ZH, and Alspaugh, JA. "A Ras1-Cdc24 signal transduction pathway mediates thermotolerance in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans." Mol Microbiol 63, no. 4 (February 2007): 1118-1130. Full Text Link to Item
  - Olson, GM, Fox, DS, Wang, P, Alspaugh, JA, and Buchanan, KL. "Role of protein O-mannosyltransferase Pmt4 in the morphogenesis and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 2 (February 2007): 222-234. Full Text
  - Giles, SS, Stajich, JE, Nichols, C, Gerrald, QD, Alspaugh, JA, Dietrich, F, and Perfect, JR. "The Cryptococcus neoformans catalase gene family and its role in antioxidant defense." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 9 (September 2006): 1447-1459. Full Text
  - Cramer, KL, Gerrald, QD, Nichols, CB, Price, MS, and Alspaugh, JA. "Transcription factor Nrg1 mediates capsule formation, stress response, and pathogenesis in Cryptococcus neoformans." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 7 (July 2006): 1147-1156. Full Text
  - Alexander, BD, Dodds Ashley, ES, Addison, RM, Alspaugh, JA, Chao, NJ, and Perfect, JR. "Non-comparative evaluation of the safety of aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation." Transpl Infect Dis 8, no. 1 (March 2006): 13-20. Full Text Link to Item
  - Vallim, MA, Nichols, CB, Fernandes, L, Cramer, KL, and Alspaugh, JA. "A Rac homolog functions downstream of Ras1 to control hyphal differentiation and high-temperature growth in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 6 (June 2005): 1066-1078. Full Text
  - Fraser, JA, Huang, JC, Pukkila-Worley, R, Alspaugh, JA, Mitchell, TG, and Heitman, J. "Chromosomal translocation and segmental duplication in Cryptococcus neoformans." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 2 (February 2005): 401-406. Full Text
  - Pukkila-Worley, R, Gerrald, QD, Kraus, PR, Boily, M-J, Davis, MJ, Giles, SS, Cox, GM, Heitman, J, and Alspaugh, JA. "Transcriptional network of multiple capsule and melanin genes governed by the Cryptococcus neoformans cyclic AMP cascade." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 1 (January 2005): 190-201. Full Text
  - Vallim, MA, Fernandes, L, and Alspaugh, JA. "The RAM1 gene encoding a protein-farnesyltransferase beta-subunit homologue is essential in Cryptococcus neoformans." Microbiology 150, no. Pt 6 (June 2004): 1925-1935. Full Text Link to Item
  - Pukkila-Worley, R, and Alspaugh, JA. "Cyclic AMP signaling in Cryptococcus neoformans." FEMS Yeast Res 4, no. 4-5 (January 2004): 361-367. (Review) Link to Item
  - Vallim, MA, Fernandes, L, and Alspaugh, JA. "The RAM1 gene encoding a protein-farnesyltransferase β-subunit homologue is essential in Cryptococcus neoformans." Microbiology 150, no. 6 (2004): 1925-1935.
  - Waugh, MS, Vallim, MA, Heitman, J, and Alspaugh, JA. "Ras1 controls pheromone expression and response during mating in Cryptococcus neoformans." Fungal Genet Biol 38, no. 1 (February 2003): 110-121. Link to Item
  - Yang, Z, Pascon, RC, Alspaugh, A, Cox, GM, and McCusker, JH. "Molecular and genetic analysis of the Cryptococcus neoformans MET3 gene and a met3 mutant." Microbiology 148, no. Pt 8 (August 2002): 2617-2625. Full Text Link to Item
  - Alspaugh, JA, Pukkila-Worley, R, Harashima, T, Cavallo, LM, Funnell, D, Cox, GM, Perfect, JR, Kronstad, JW, and Heitman, J. "Adenylyl cyclase functions downstream of the Galpha protein Gpa1 and controls mating and pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 1 (February 2002): 75-84. Full Text
  - Schiappa, D, Gueyikian, A, Kakar, S, Alspaugh, JA, Perfect, JR, and Williamson, PR. "An auxotrophic pigmented Cryptococcus neoformans strain causing infection of the bone marrow." Med Mycol 40, no. 1 (February 2002): 1-5. Link to Item
  - Waugh, MS, Nichols, CB, DeCesare, CM, Cox, GM, Heitman, J, and Alspaugh, JA. "Ras1 and Ras2 contribute shared and unique roles in physiology and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans." Microbiology (Reading, England) 148, no. Pt 1 (January 2002): 191-201. Full Text
  - Waugh, MS, Nichols, CB, DeCesare, CM, Cox, GM, Heitman, J, and Alspaugh, JA. "Ras1 and Ras2 contribute shared and unique roles in physiology and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans." Microbiology 148, no. 1 (2002): 191-201.
  - Yang, Z, Pascon, RC, Alspaugh, JA, Cox, GM, and McCusker, JH. "Molecular and genetic analysis of the Cryptococcus neoformans MET3 gene and a met3 mutant." Microbiology 148, no. 8 (2002): 2617-2625.
  - D'Souza, CA, Alspaugh, JA, Yue, C, Harashima, T, Cox, GM, Perfect, JR, and Heitman, J. "Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase controls virulence of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 9 (May 2001): 3179-3191. Full Text
  - Alspaugh, JA, Cavallo, LM, Perfect, JR, and Heitman, J. "RAS1 regulates filamentation, mating and growth at high temperature of Cryptococcus neoformans." Molecular Microbiology 36, no. 2 (April 2000): 352-365. Full Text
  - Davidson, RC, Cruz, MC, Sia, RA, Allen, B, Alspaugh, JA, and Heitman, J. "Gene disruption by biolistic transformation in serotype D strains of Cryptococcus neoformans." Fungal Genetics and Biology : Fg & B 29, no. 1 (February 2000): 38-48. Full Text
  - Alspaugh, JA, Davidson, RC, and Heitman, J. "Morphogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans." Contrib Microbiol 5 (2000): 217-238. (Review) Link to Item
  - Yue, C, Cavallo, LM, Alspaugh, JA, Wang, P, Cox, GM, Perfect, JR, and Heitman, J. "The STE12alpha homolog is required for haploid filamentation but largely dispensable for mating and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans." Genetics 153, no. 4 (December 1999): 1601-1615. Link to Item
  - Heitman, J, Allen, B, Alspaugh, JA, and Kwon-Chung, KJ. "On the origins of congenic MATalpha and MATa strains of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans." Fungal Genet Biol 28, no. 1 (October 1999): 1-5. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Sudarshan, S, Davidson, RC, Heitman, J, and Alspaugh, JA. "Molecular analysis of the Cryptococcus neoformans ADE2 gene, a selectable marker for transformation and gene disruption." Fungal Genet Biol 27, no. 1 (June 1999): 36-48. Full Text Link to Item
  - Alspaugh, JA, Perfect, JR, and Heitman, J. "Signal transduction pathways regulating differentiation and pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans." Fungal Genet Biol 25, no. 1 (October 1998): 1-14. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Fowler, VG, Nacinovich, FM, Alspaugh, JA, and Corey, GR. "Prosthetic joint infection due to Histoplasma capsulatum: case report and review." Clin Infect Dis 26, no. 4 (April 1998): 1017-. Link to Item
  - Alspaugh, JA, Perfect, JR, and Heitman, J. "Cryptococcus neoformans mating and virulence are regulated by the G-protein alpha subunit GPA1 and cAMP." Genes Dev 11, no. 23 (December 1, 1997): 3206-3217. Link to Item
  - Lyon, GM, Alspaugh, JA, Meredith, FT, Harrell, LJ, Tapson, V, Davis, RD, and Kanj, SS. "Mycoplasma hominis pneumonia complicating bilateral lung transplantation: case report and review of the literature." Chest 112, no. 5 (November 5, 1997): 1428-1432. (Review) Link to Item
  - Mallory, MA, Nettles, RE, Alspaug, A, and Sexton, DJ. "Community-acquired prosthetic valve endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Clin Infect Dis 24, no. 6 (June 1997): 1272-1273. Link to Item
  - Alspaugh, JA, Perfect, JR, and Heitman, J. "GPA1 regulates capsule formation, melanin production, mating, and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans." Clinical Infectious Diseases 25, no. 2 (1997): 356--.
  - Alspaugh, JA, and Perfect, JR. "Infections due to zygomycetes and other rare fungal opportunists." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 18, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 265-279. Full Text
  - Alspaugh, CD, McDonald, L, and Alspaugh, JA. "Calciphylaxis." J Tenn Med Assoc 88, no. 10 (October 1995): 397-398. Link to Item
  - Alspaugh, JA. "Severe, recurrent peptic ulcer disease: a case of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome." J Tenn Med Assoc 88, no. 9 (September 1995): 353-354. Link to Item
  - Alspaugh, JA. "Cocaine-associated chest pain: a case of aortic dissection." J Tenn Med Assoc 88, no. 7 (July 1995): 271-. Link to Item
  - Jirjis, JN, and Alspaugh, JA. ""Cold, cold heart": a case of severe hypothermia." J Tenn Med Assoc 88, no. 5 (May 1995): 189-192. Link to Item
  - Alspaugh, JA. "A patient with end-stage renal disease and a neck mass." J Tenn Med Assoc 88, no. 2 (February 1995): 60-61. Link to Item
  - Alspaugh, JA. "The varied manifestations of disseminated gonococcal infection." J Tenn Med Assoc 87, no. 11 (November 1994): 479-480. Link to Item
  - Alspaugh, JA, and Granger, DL. "Inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans replication by nitrogen oxides supports the role of these molecules as effectors of macrophage-mediated cytostasis." Infect Immun 59, no. 7 (July 1991): 2291-2296. Link to Item
  - Skrzynia, C, Binninger, DM, Alspaugh, JA, and Pukkila, PJ. "Molecular characterization of TRP1, a gene coding for tryptophan synthetase in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus." Gene 81, no. 1 (September 1, 1989): 73-82. Link to Item
- Conference Papers
  - GRANGER, DL, BOOCKVAR, KS, POSTON, RM, KURLANDER, RJ, ALSPAUGH, JA, and HIBBS, JB. "ROLE OF NITROGEN-OXIDES IN HOST-DEFENSE AGAINST INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS." 1993. Link to Item
  - GRANGER, DL, ALSPAUGH, JA, CAMERON, ML, and HIBBS, JB. "ROLE OF MACROPHAGE NITROGEN OXIDATION METABOLISM AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL HOST DEFENSE-MECHANISM." 1991. Link to Item
Teaching & Mentoring
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