Connie Watkins Bales | Scholars@Duke

Connie Watkins Bales
Professor in Medicine

Research in our laboratory focuses on the role of nutrition (particularly vitamins and minerals) in the prevention and management of chronic diseases in older adults. Previous studies have concerned trace elements and cardiovascular disease, calcium and osteoporosis, and renal synthesis of vitamin D as it relates to bone health. Some of our newest work emphasizes the role of micronutrients as antioxidants and their interaction with the aging process. We are also working on various aspects of energy balance in older adults, ranging from failure to thrive in stroke patients with dysphagia to exercise and nutrition effects in overweight subjects who begin physical training. Thus we have a number of clinical and epidemiological projects on-going, many of which include a strong emphasis on nutrition assessment techniques in middle-aged and elderly subjects.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 2010
Senior Fellow in the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Institutes and Centers 1988

Contact Information

2508 Busse Bldg, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Box 3003, Durham, NC 27710
bales001@mc.duke.edu (919) 660-7519

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Tennessee at Knoxville 1981
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 2006 - 2009
- Associate Research Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 1994 - 2006
- Assistant Research Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 1992 - 1993
Research
Selected Grants
- Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity and Health: NC Consortium Clinical Site awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2022
- Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2022
- Behavioral and Physiology in Aging awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2020
- An Enhanced Protein Weight Loss Intervention awarded by Dairy Management, Inc. 2015 - 2019
- Does Meal-based Enhancement of Protein Intake Augment Long-term Responses to Sarcopenic Obesity Reduction? awarded by National Pork Board 2016 - 2018
- Does Beef Protein Preserve Muscle Mass and Function During Weight Loss in Frail, Obese Older Adults?: A Follow-Up Study awarded by National Cattlemen's Beef Association 2016 - 2017
- John A. Hartford Foundation's Centers of Excellence (CoE) awarded by John A. Hartford Foundation, Inc. 2015 - 2016
- A High-Protein Weight Loss Treatment for Sarcopenic Obesity awarded by National Pork Board 2013 - 2015
- Add-On: Pork as Meal Supplement awarded by National Pork Board 2013 - 2015
- Behavior And Physiology In Aging awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2015
- Exercise Dose-Response Effects in Prediabetes:Responses and Mechanisms awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2015
- CALERIE awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2014
- CALERIE Non-competing Extension with Funds awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2014
- Peripheral Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Health awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2009
- CALERIE awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2009
- Behavioral Treatment Of Hypertension awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 2001
- Behavorial Treatment Of Hypertension awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1998
- Vitamin D Metabolism-Function Of Kidney Donor/Recipent Age awarded by National Institutes of Health 1992 - 1993
- Vitamin D Metabolism - Function Of Kidney Donor/Recipient awarded by National Institutes of Health 1991 - 1993
- Vitamin D Metabolism: A Function Of Kidney Donor/Recipient awarded by National Institutes of Health 1990 - 1993
- Vitamin D Metabolism: A Function Of Kidney Donor Recipient awarded by National Institutes of Health 1988 - 1993
- Mineral Homeostasis In The Elderly: Identify Priorities awarded by National Institutes of Health 1987 - 1988
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Porter Starr, KN, McDonald, SR, Jarman, A, Orenduff, M, Sloane, R, Pieper, CF, and Bales, CW. "Markers of Renal Function in Older Adults Completing a Higher Protein Obesity Intervention and One Year Later: Findings from the MEASUR-UP Trial." Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics 37, no. 2 (April 2018): 117-129. Full Text
  - Bales, CW, and Porter Starr, KN. "Obesity Interventions for Older Adults: Diet as a Determinant of Physical Function." Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) 9, no. 2 (March 2018): 151-159. Full Text
  - Payne, ME, Porter Starr, KN, Orenduff, M, Mulder, HS, McDonald, SR, Spira, AP, Pieper, CF, and Bales, CW. "Quality of Life and Mental Health in Older Adults with Obesity and Frailty: Associations with a Weight Loss Intervention." The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 22, no. 10 (January 2018): 1259-1265. Full Text
  - Bales, CW, Porter Starr, KN, Orenduff, MC, McDonald, SR, Molnar, K, Jarman, AK, Onyenwoke, A, Mulder, H, Payne, ME, and Pieper, CF. "Influence of Protein Intake, Race, and Age on Responses to a Weight-Reduction Intervention in Obese Women." Current Developments in Nutrition 1, no. 5 (May 2017). Full Text
  - Batchelor-Murphy, MK, McConnell, ES, Amella, EJ, Anderson, RA, Bales, CW, Silva, S, Barnes, A, Beck, C, and Colon-Emeric, CS. "Experimental Comparison of Efficacy for Three Handfeeding Techniques in Dementia." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 65, no. 4 (April 2017): e89-e94. Full Text
  - Das, SK, Roberts, SB, Bhapkar, MV, Villareal, DT, Fontana, L, Martin, CK, Racette, SB, Fuss, PJ, Kraus, WE, Wong, WW, Saltzman, E, Pieper, CF, Fielding, RA, Schwartz, AV, Ravussin, E, Redman, LM, and CALERIE-2 Study Group, . "Body-composition changes in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE)-2 study: a 2-y randomized controlled trial of calorie restriction in nonobese humans." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 105, no. 4 (April 2017): 913-927. Full Text
  - Bartlett, DB, Slentz, CA, Connelly, MA, Piner, LW, Willis, LH, Bateman, LA, Granville, EO, Bales, CW, Huffman, KM, and Kraus, WE. "Association of the Composite Inflammatory Biomarker GlycA, with Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Habitus in Men and Women with Prediabetes." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (January 2017): 5608287-null. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - "FUNCTION AND LEAN MASS RESPONSES TO OBESITY INTERVENTION IN WOMEN: EFFECT OF AGE AND PROTEIN INTAKE." The Gerontologist 56, no. Suppl_3 (November 2016): 180-180. Full Text
  - Kramer, BJ, Creekmur, B, Howe, JL, Trudeau, S, Douglas, JR, Garner, K, Bales, C, Callaway-Lane, C, and Barczi, S. "Veterans Affairs Geriatric Scholars Program: Enhancing Existing Primary Care Clinician Skills in Caring for Older Veterans." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 64, no. 11 (November 2016): 2343-2348. Full Text
  - Porter Starr, KN, Pieper, CF, Orenduff, MC, McDonald, SR, McClure, LB, Zhou, R, Payne, ME, and Bales, CW. "Improved Function With Enhanced Protein Intake per Meal: A Pilot Study of Weight Reduction in Frail, Obese Older Adults." The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 71, no. 10 (October 2016): 1369-1375. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Slentz, CA, Bateman, LA, Willis, LH, Granville, EO, Piner, LW, Samsa, GP, Setji, TL, Muehlbauer, MJ, Huffman, KM, Bales, CW, and Kraus, WE. "Effects of exercise training alone vs a combined exercise and nutritional lifestyle intervention on glucose homeostasis in prediabetic individuals: a randomised controlled trial." Diabetologia 59, no. 10 (October 2016): 2088-2098. Full Text
  - Starr, KNP, Pieper, CF, Orenduff, MC, McDonald, SR, McClure, LB, Zhou, R, Payne, ME, and Bales, CW. "Improved Function With Enhanced Protein Intake per Meal: A Pilot Study of Weight Reduction in Frail, Obese Older Adults." JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 71, no. 10 (October 2016): 1369-1375. Full Text Link to Item
  - Porter Starr, KN, McDonald, SR, Weidner, JA, and Bales, CW. "Challenges in the Management of Geriatric Obesity in High Risk Populations." Nutrients 8, no. 5 (May 4, 2016). (Review) Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Villareal, DT, Fontana, L, Das, SK, Redman, L, Smith, SR, Saltzman, E, Bales, C, Rochon, J, Pieper, C, Huang, M, Lewis, M, Schwartz, AV, and CALERIE Study Group, . "Effect of Two-Year Caloric Restriction on Bone Metabolism and Bone Mineral Density in Non-Obese Younger Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 31, no. 1 (January 2016): 40-51. Full Text
  - "FIDELITY TO TREATMENT: IMPLEMENTING AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF DEMENTIA HAND FEEDING TECHNIQUES ." The Gerontologist 55, no. Suppl_2 (November 2015): 85-85. Full Text
  - "IMPACT OF DIET-INDUCED WEIGHT LOSS ON PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN FRAIL, OBESE OLDER ADULTS." The Gerontologist 55, no. Suppl_2 (November 2015): 292-292. Full Text
  - Glynn, EL, Piner, LW, Huffman, KM, Slentz, CA, Elliot-Penry, L, AbouAssi, H, White, PJ, Bain, JR, Muehlbauer, MJ, Ilkayeva, OR, Stevens, RD, Porter Starr, KN, Bales, CW, Volpi, E, Brosnan, MJ, Trimmer, JK, Rolph, TP, Newgard, CB, and Kraus, WE. "Impact of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on branched-chain amino acid turnover, glycine metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight humans." Diabetologia 58, no. 10 (October 2015): 2324-2335. Full Text
  - Porter Starr, KN, and Bales, CW. "Excessive Body Weight in Older Adults." Clinics in geriatric medicine 31, no. 3 (August 2015): 311-326. (Review) Full Text
  - Yates, T, Davies, MJ, Haffner, SM, Schulte, PJ, Thomas, L, Huffman, KM, Bales, CW, Preiss, D, Califf, RM, Holman, RR, McMurray, JJV, Bethel, MA, Tuomilehto, J, and Kraus, WE. "Physical activity as a determinant of fasting and 2-h post-challenge glucose: a prospective cohort analysis of the NAVIGATOR trial." Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association 32, no. 8 (August 2015): 1090-1096. Full Text
  - AbouAssi, H, Slentz, CA, Mikus, CR, Tanner, CJ, Bateman, LA, Willis, LH, Shields, AT, Piner, LW, Penry, LE, Kraus, EA, Huffman, KM, Bales, CW, Houmard, JA, and Kraus, WE. "The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combination training on insulin sensitivity and secretion in overweight adults from STRRIDE AT/RT: a randomized trial." Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 118, no. 12 (June 2015): 1474-1482. Full Text
  - Porter Starr, KN, McDonald, SR, and Bales, CW. "Nutritional Vulnerability in Older Adults: A Continuum of Concerns." Current nutrition reports 4, no. 2 (June 2015): 176-184. Full Text
  - Bales, CW, Locher, JL, and Saltzman, E. "Preface." Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging, Third Edition (2015): ix-x. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. "The relationship of body mass to survival in persons with dementia: a nutritionist's viewpoint." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 16, no. 1 (January 2015): 81-82. (Letter) Full Text
  - McDonald, SR, Porter Starr, KN, Mauceri, L, Orenduff, M, Granville, E, Ocampo, C, Payne, ME, Pieper, CF, and Bales, CW. "Meal-based enhancement of protein quality and quantity during weight loss in obese older adults with mobility limitations: rationale and design for the MEASUR-UP trial." Contemporary Clinical Trials 40 (January 2015): 112-123. Full Text
  - Kris-Etherton, PM, Akabas, SR, Bales, CW, Bistrian, B, Braun, L, Edwards, MS, Laur, C, Lenders, CM, Levy, MD, Palmer, CA, Pratt, CA, Ray, S, Rock, CL, Saltzman, E, Seidner, DL, and Van Horn, L. "The need to advance nutrition education in the training of health care professionals and recommended research to evaluate implementation and effectiveness." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 99, no. 5 Suppl (May 2014): 1153S-1166S. Full Text
  - Kushner, RF, Van Horn, L, Rock, CL, Edwards, MS, Bales, CW, Kohlmeier, M, and Akabas, SR. "Nutrition education in medical school: a time of opportunity." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 99, no. 5 Suppl (May 2014): 1167S-1173S. Full Text
  - Huffman, KM, Sun, J-L, Thomas, L, Bales, CW, Califf, RM, Yates, T, Davies, MJ, Holman, RR, McMurray, JJV, Bethel, MA, Tuomilehto, J, Haffner, SM, and Kraus, WE. "Impact of baseline physical activity and diet behavior on metabolic syndrome in a pharmaceutical trial: results from NAVIGATOR." Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 63, no. 4 (April 2014): 554-561. Full Text
  - Porter Starr, KN, McDonald, SR, and Bales, CW. "Obesity and physical frailty in older adults: a scoping review of lifestyle intervention trials." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 15, no. 4 (April 2014): 240-250. (Review) Full Text
  - Yates, T, Haffner, SM, Schulte, PJ, Thomas, L, Huffman, KM, Bales, CW, Califf, RM, Holman, RR, McMurray, JJV, Bethel, MA, Tuomilehto, J, Davies, MJ, and Kraus, WE. "Association between change in daily ambulatory activity and cardiovascular events in people with impaired glucose tolerance (NAVIGATOR trial): a cohort analysis." Lancet (London, England) 383, no. 9922 (March 2014): 1059-1066. Full Text
  - Huffman, KM, Sun, JL, Thomas, L, Bales, CW, Califf, RM, Yates, T, Davies, MJ, Holman, RR, Mcmurray, JJV, Bethel, MA, Tuomilehto, J, Haffner, SM, and Kraus, WE. "Impact of baseline physical activity and diet behavior on metabolic syndrome in a pharmaceutical trial: Results from NAVIGATOR." Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 63, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 554-561. Full Text
  - Johnson, MA, and Bales, CW. "Is there a best body mass index for older adults? Moving closer to evidence-based recommendations regarding "overweight," health, and mortality." Journal of nutrition in gerontology and geriatrics 33, no. 1 (January 2014): 1-9. Full Text
  - Porter Starr, KN, McDonald, SR, and Bales, CW. "Obesity and physical frailty in older adults: A scoping review of lifestyle intervention trials." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 15, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 240-250. (Review) Full Text
  - Yates, T, Haffner, SM, Schulte, PJ, Thomas, L, Huffman, KM, Bales, CW, Califf, RM, Holman, RR, McMurray, JJV, Bethel, MA, Tuomilehto, J, Davies, MJ, and Kraus, WE. "Association between change in daily ambulatory activity and cardiovascular events in people with impaired glucose tolerance (NAVIGATOR trial): A cohort analysis." The Lancet 383, no. 9922 (January 1, 2014): 1059-1066. Full Text
  - Locher, JL, Vickers, KS, Buys, DR, Ellis, A, Lawrence, JC, Newton, LE, Roth, DL, Ritchie, CS, and Bales, CW. "A randomized controlled trial of a theoretically-based behavioral nutrition intervention for community elders: lessons learned from the Behavioral Nutrition Intervention for Community Elders Study." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 113, no. 12 (December 2013): 1675-1682. Full Text
  - Bales, CW, and Kraus, WE. "Caloric restriction: implications for human cardiometabolic health." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention 33, no. 4 (July 2013): 201-208. (Review) Full Text
  - Slentz, CA, Bateman, LA, Willis, LH, Granville, E, Piner, LW, Elliot-Penry, L, Bales, CW, and Kraus, WE. "Effects of Exercise Amount and Intensity versus Lifestyle Intervention on Glucose Tolerance in Adults With Prediabetes-STRRIDE PD." DIABETES 62 (July 2013): A184-A184. Link to Item
  - Willis, LH, Slentz, CA, Bateman, LA, Granviille, E, Piner, LW, Bales, CW, and Kraus, WE. "Effects of Exercise Amount and Intensity versus a Lifestyle Intervention on Fasting Glucose in Adults With Pre-diabetes-STRRIDE-PD." DIABETES 62 (July 2013): A186-A186. Link to Item
  - Bales, CW. "Response from the editor." Journal of nutrition in gerontology and geriatrics 32, no. 1 (January 2013): 83-. (Letter)
  - Locher, JL, Vickers, KS, Buys, DR, Ellis, A, Lawrence, JC, Newton, LE, Roth, DL, Ritchie, CS, and Bales, CW. "A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Theoretically-Based Behavioral Nutrition Intervention for Community Elders: Lessons Learned from the Behavioral Nutrition Intervention for Community Elders Study." Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 113, no. 12 (2013): 1675-1682. Full Text
  - Willis, LH, Slentz, CA, Bateman, LA, Shields, AT, Piner, LW, Bales, CW, Houmard, JA, and Kraus, WE. "Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults." Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 113, no. 12 (December 2012): 1831-1837. Full Text
  - Saltzman, E, Johnson, MA, and Bales, CW. "Clinical Nutrition Update 2012." ADVANCES IN NUTRITION 3, no. 6 (November 2012): 827-828. Full Text Link to Item
  - Bales, CW, Hawk, VH, Granville, EO, Rose, SB, Shields, T, Bateman, L, Willis, L, Piner, LW, Slentz, CA, Houmard, JA, Gallup, D, Samsa, GP, and Kraus, WE. "Aerobic and resistance training effects on energy intake: the STRRIDE-AT/RT study." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 44, no. 10 (October 2012): 2033-2039. Full Text
  - Huffman, KM, Hawk, VH, Henes, ST, Ocampo, CI, Orenduff, MC, Slentz, CA, Johnson, JL, Houmard, JA, Samsa, GP, Kraus, WE, and Bales, CW. "Exercise effects on lipids in persons with varying dietary patterns-does diet matter if they exercise? Responses in Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise I." American Heart Journal 164, no. 1 (July 2012): 117-124. Full Text
  - Bales, CW, Granville, EO, Rose, SB, Aktan, SL, Arendt, V, Dathan, A, Piner, LW, and Kraus, WE. "A MULTI-COMPONENT WEIGHT LOSS INTERVENTION FOR MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS WITH PRE-DIABETES." GERONTOLOGIST 51 (November 2011): 475-475. Link to Item
  - Slentz, CA, Bateman, LA, Willis, LH, Shields, AT, Tanner, CJ, Piner, LW, Hawk, VH, Muehlbauer, MJ, Samsa, GP, Nelson, RC, Huffman, KM, Bales, CW, Houmard, JA, and Kraus, WE. "Effects of aerobic vs. resistance training on visceral and liver fat stores, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance by HOMA in overweight adults from STRRIDE AT/RT." American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 301, no. 5 (November 2011): E1033-E1039. Full Text
  - Bateman, LA, Slentz, CA, Willis, LH, Shields, AT, Piner, LW, Bales, CW, Houmard, JA, and Kraus, WE. "Comparison of aerobic versus resistance exercise training effects on metabolic syndrome (from the Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention Through Defined Exercise - STRRIDE-AT/RT)." The American Journal of Cardiology 108, no. 6 (September 2011): 838-844. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. ""Premiere" issue of the journal of nutrition in gerontology and geriatrics." Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics 30, no. 1 (2011): 1--. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. "Paradise lost? Rural life and nutritional Well Being in the 21st Century." Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics 30, no. 3 (2011): 201-203. Full Text
  - Locher, JL, Bales, CW, Ellis, AC, Lawrence, JC, Newton, L, Ritchie, CS, Roth, DL, Buys, DL, and Vickers, KS. "A theoretically based Behavioral Nutrition Intervention for Community Elders at high risk: the B-NICE randomized controlled clinical trial." Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics 30, no. 4 (January 2011): 384-402. Full Text
  - Rickman, AD, Williamson, DA, Martin, CK, Gilhooly, CH, Stein, RI, Bales, CW, Roberts, S, and Das, SK. "The CALERIE Study: Design and methods of an innovative 25% caloric restriction intervention." Contemporary Clinical Trials 32, no. 6 (2011): 874-881. Full Text
  - Rochon, J, Bales, CW, Ravussin, E, Redman, LM, Holloszy, JO, Racette, SB, Roberts, SB, Das, SK, Romashkan, S, Galan, KM, Hadley, EC, Kraus, WE, and CALERIE Study Group, . "Design and conduct of the CALERIE study: comprehensive assessment of the long-term effects of reducing intake of energy." J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 66, no. 1 (January 2011): 97-108. Full Text Link to Item
  - Tumosa, N, Fitzgerald, JT, Wood, WG, Thielke, S, Shay, K, Howe, JL, Chernoff, R, Kramer, J, Bales, C, Huh, J, and Horvath, K. "Education partnerships between GRECCs and other VA organizations, Non-VA governmental agencies, academic medical centers, and centers of excellence." Gerontology and Geriatrics Education 32, no. 1 (2011): 22-37. Full Text
  - Galanos, AN, Neff, EC, and Heuberger, RA. "What is "optimal nourishment" for older adults at the end of life? A conversation. Interview by Connie W. Bales." J Nutr Elder 29, no. 4 (October 2010): 386-392. (Interview) Full Text Link to Item
  - Locher, JL, Ellis, A, Lawrence, J, Newton, L, Ritchie, C, Vickers, KS, and Bales, CW. "INITIAL FINDINGS FROM AN INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF OLDER ADULTS RECEIVING HOME HEALTH SERVICES." GERONTOLOGIST 50 (October 2010): 297-297. Link to Item
  - Bales, CW. "Journal of nutrition for the elderly becomes the journal of nutrition in gerontology and geriatrics." Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 29, no. 4 (2010): 345-346. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. "In a society of plenty, food shortages still threaten health." Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 29, no. 2 (2010): 115--. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. "What is the "right diet" for a healthy old age?." Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 29, no. 1 (2010): 2-3. Full Text
  - Buhr, G, and Bales, CW. "Nutritional supplements for older adults: review and recommendations--Part II." Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 29, no. 1 (January 2010): 42-71. (Review) Full Text
  - Bales, CW, and Buhr, GT. "Body mass trajectory, energy balance, and weight loss as determinants of health and mortality in older adults." Obesity Facts 2, no. 3 (January 2009): 171-178. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. "A Note from the Editor Perspectives for the future build on those of the past." Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 28, no. 4 (2009): 323--. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. "A note from the editor: When food can be the enemy." Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 28, no. 2 (2009): 107--. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. "Welcome to the New Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly." Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 28, no. 1 (2009): 1-2. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. "Improving nutritional quality of life for older adults: Bringing global unity to the field." Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 28, no. 1 (2009): 3-4. Full Text
  - Buhr, G, and Bales, CW. "Nutritional supplements for older adults: review and recommendations-part I." J Nutr Elder 28, no. 1 (January 2009): 5-29. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Evans, WJ, Morley, JE, Argilés, J, Bales, C, Baracos, V, Guttridge, D, Jatoi, A, Kalantar-Zadeh, K, Lochs, H, Mantovani, G, Marks, D, Mitch, WE, Muscaritoli, M, Najand, A, Ponikowski, P, Rossi Fanelli, F, Schambelan, M, Schols, A, Schuster, M, Thomas, D, Wolfe, R, and Anker, SD. "Cachexia: a new definition." Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 27, no. 6 (December 2008): 793-799. Full Text
  - Bales, CW, and Buhr, G. "Is obesity bad for older persons? A systematic review of the pros and cons of weight reduction in later life." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 9, no. 5 (June 2008): 302-312. (Review) Full Text
  - Bales, CW, and White, HK. "Staying Healthy in Later Life." (April 15, 2008): 109-131. (Chapter) Full Text
  - Huffman, KM, Slentz, CA, Bales, CW, Houmard, JA, and Kraus, WE. "Relationships between adipose tissue and cytokine responses to a randomized controlled exercise training intervention." Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 57, no. 4 (April 2008): 577-583. Full Text
  - Huffman, KM, Orenduff, MC, Samsa, GP, Houmard, JA, Kraus, WE, and Bales, CW. "Dietary carbohydrate intake and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in at-risk women and men." American Heart Journal 154, no. 5 (November 2007): 962-968. Full Text
  - Huffman, KM, Samsa, GP, Slentz, CA, Duscha, BD, Johnson, JL, Bales, CW, Tanner, CJ, Houmard, JA, and Kraus, WE. "Response of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to exercise training in an at-risk population." Am Heart J 152, no. 4 (October 2006): 793-800. Full Text Link to Item
  - Payne, ME, Hybels, CF, Bales, CW, and Steffens, DC. "Vascular nutritional correlates of late-life depression." The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry 14, no. 9 (September 2006): 787-795. Full Text
  - Slentz, CA, Aiken, LB, Houmard, JA, Bales, CW, Johnson, JL, Tanner, CJ, Duscha, BD, and Kraus, WE. "Inactivity, exercise, and visceral fat. STRRIDE: a randomized, controlled study of exercise intensity and amount." Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 99, no. 4 (October 2005): 1613-1618. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. "A letter from ACN President Connie W. Bales." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 24, no. 2 (2005): 81--.
  - White, HK, McConnell, ES, Bales, CW, and Kuchibhatla, M. "A 6-month observational study of the relationship between weight loss and behavioral symptoms in institutionalized Alzheimer's disease subjects." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 5, no. 2 (March 2004): 89-97. Full Text
  - Bales, CW, Fischer, JG, and Orenduff, MC. "Nutritional interventions for age-related chronic disease." Generations 28, no. 3 (2004): 54-60.
  - Slentz, CA, Duscha, BD, Johnson, JL, Ketchum, K, Aiken, LB, Samsa, GP, Houmard, JA, Bales, CW, and Kraus, WE. "Effects of the amount of exercise on body weight, body composition, and measures of central obesity: STRRIDE--a randomized controlled study." Archives of Internal Medicine 164, no. 1 (January 2004): 31-39. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. "Alternative diet therapy for elderly patients. Unique concerns for a high-risk population." Clin Geriatr Med 18, no. 4 (November 2002): 841-851. Link to Item
  - Kraus, WE, Houmard, JA, Duscha, BD, Knetzger, KJ, Wharton, MB, McCartney, JS, Bales, CW, Henes, S, Samsa, GP, Otvos, JD, Kulkarni, KR, and Slentz, CA. "Effects of the amount and intensity of exercise on plasma lipoproteins." The New England Journal of Medicine 347, no. 19 (November 2002): 1483-1492. Full Text
  - Bales, CW, and Ritchie, CS. "Sarcopenia, weight loss, and nutritional frailty in the elderly." Annual Review of Nutrition 22 (January 4, 2002): 309-323. (Review) Full Text
  - Kraus, WE, Torgan, CE, Duscha, BD, Norris, J, Brown, SA, Cobb, FR, Bales, CW, Annex, BH, Samsa, GP, Houmard, JA, and Slentz, CA. "Studies of a targeted risk reduction intervention through defined exercise (STRRIDE)." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33, no. 10 (October 2001): 1774-1784. Full Text
  - Obarzanek, E, Sacks, FM, Vollmer, WM, Bray, GA, Miller, ER, Lin, PH, Karanja, NM, Most-Windhauser, MM, Moore, TJ, Swain, JF, Bales, CW, Proschan, MA, and DASH Research Group, . "Effects on blood lipids of a blood pressure-lowering diet: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74, no. 1 (July 2001): 80-89. Full Text
  - White, HK, McConnell, ES, Bales, CW, and Kuchibhatia, M. "A 6-month observational study of the relationship between weight loss and behavioral symptoms in institutionalized AD subjects." JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY 49, no. 4 (April 2001): S44-S44. Link to Item
  - Bales, CW, Klurfeld, DM, Arjmandi, BH, Watkins, B, Heaney, RP, Nicolosi, RJ, Setchell, KDR, Strobl, DJ, Zemel, MB, Masor, ML, and Fritsche, KL. "Discussion." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 20, no. 5 SUPPL. (2001): 417S-420S.
  - Bales, CW. "What does it mean to be "at nutritional risk"? Seeking clarity on behalf of the elderly." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74, no. 2 (2001): 155-156.
  - Bales, CW, Moreno, KL, Guyton, JR, Yunker, PA, McGee, MK, Currie, KL, Brown, S, Kuchibhatla, M, and Drezner, MK. "Comparison of proximate composition and fatty acid and cholesterol content of lean and typical commercial pork." J Am Diet Assoc 98, no. 11 (November 1998): 1328-1330. Full Text Link to Item
  - Gray, SL, Hanlon, JT, Fillenbaum, GG, Wall, WE, and Bales, C. "Predictors of nutritional supplement use by the elderly." Pharmacotherapy 16, no. 4 (July 1996): 715-720. Link to Item
  - Bales, C, Moreno, K, Brown, S, Guyton, J, McGee, M, Currie, K, and Drezner, M. "Lean Pork for Lipid-lowering Diets. A Comparison with Traditional Pork." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 95, no. 9 SUPPL. (1995): A57-. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. "Micronutrient deficiencies in nursing homes: should clinical intervention await a research consensus?." Journal of the American College of Nutrition 14, no. 6 (1995): 563-564.
  - DiSilvestro, RA, Bales, CW, Joung, H, Joseph, E, Currie, K, Plaisted, CS, Galanos, AN, and Lin, P. "Effects of moderate zinc depletion and repletion on zinc R values in healthy elderly subjects." Medical Science Research 23, no. 1 (1995): 37--.
  - Plaisted, CS, Galanos, AN, Westlund, R, Lin, PH, Currie, K, and Bales, CW. "Community dwelling elderly are appropriate subjects for intensive dietary choice restriction studies." J Nutr Elder 14, no. 4 (1995): 1-14. Full Text Link to Item
  - Bales, CW, DiSilvestro, RA, Currie, KL, Plaisted, CS, Joung, H, Galanos, AN, and Lin, PH. "Marginal zinc deficiency in older adults: responsiveness of zinc status indicators." J Am Coll Nutr 13, no. 5 (October 1994): 455-462. Link to Item
  - Galanos, AN, Pieper, CF, Cornoni-Huntley, JC, Bales, CW, and Fillenbaum, GG. "Nutrition and function: is there a relationship between body mass index and the functional capabilities of community-dwelling elderly?." J Am Geriatr Soc 42, no. 4 (April 1994): 368-373. Link to Item
  - Gold, DT, Stegmaier, K, Bales, CW, Lyles, KW, Westlund, RE, and Drezner, MK. "Psychosocial functioning and osteoporosis in late life: Results of a multidisciplinary intervention." Journal of Women's Health 2, no. 2 (1993): 149-155.
  - BALES, CW, CURRIE, KL, LIN, P, and DREZNER, MK. "RENAL 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY FOLLOWING UNINEPHRECTOMY IS REDUCED IN AGED C57BL6J MICE." JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH 7 (August 1992): S169-S169. Link to Item
  - BALES, CW, LIN, PH, and GIANNETTO, LA. "IMPACT OF A VERY LOW FAT (VLF) DIET ON TRACE-ELEMENT STATUS OF ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS." FASEB JOURNAL 6, no. 5 (February 28, 1992): A1655-A1655. Link to Item
  - Gold, DT, Smith, SD, Bales, CW, Lyles, KW, Westlund, RE, and Drezner, MK. "Osteoporosis in late life: does health locus of control affect psychosocial adaptation?." J Am Geriatr Soc 39, no. 7 (July 1991): 670-675. Link to Item
  - Stein, B, Halloran, BP, Reinhardt, T, Engstrom, GW, Bales, CW, Drezner, MK, Currie, KL, Takizawa, M, Adams, JS, and Epstein, S. "Cyclosporin-A increases synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat and mouse." Endocrinology 128, no. 3 (March 1991): 1369-1373. Full Text
  - BALES, CW, and GOLD, DT. "NUTRITION EDUCATION FOR OSTEOPOROSIS PATIENTS - AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO CARE OF THE CHRONICALLY ILL ELDERLY." JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION 23, no. 3 (1991): 120-127. Link to Item
  - Kochersberger, G, Bales, C, Lobaugh, B, and Lyles, KW. "Calcium supplementation lowers serum parathyroid hormone levels in elderly subjects." J Gerontol 45, no. 5 (September 1990): M159-M162. Link to Item
  - Bales, CW, Freeland-Graves, JH, Askey, S, Behmardi, F, Pobocik, RS, Fickel, JJ, and Greenlee, P. "Zinc, magnesium, copper, and protein concentrations in human saliva: Age- and sex-related differences." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, no. 3 (1990): 462-469.
  - Gold, DT, Lyles, KW, Bales, CW, and Drezner, MK. "Teaching patients coping behaviors: an essential part of successful management of osteoporosis." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 4, no. 6 (December 1989): 799-801. Full Text
  - Almond, JR, Bales, CW, Lobaugh, B, Klotman, PE, and Drezner, MK. "Regulation of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-hydroxylase activity in the mouse after uninephrectomy." Endocrinology 124, no. 5 (May 1989): 2118-2121. Full Text
  - Gold, DT, Bales, CW, Lyles, KW, and Drezner, MK. "Treatment of osteoporosis. The psychological impact of a medical education program on older patients." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 37, no. 5 (May 1989): 417-422. Full Text
  - Bales, CW. "Nutritional aspects of osteoporosis: recommendations for the elderly at risk." Annu Rev Gerontol Geriatr 9 (1989): 7-34. (Review) Link to Item
  - Gold, DT, Lyles, KW, Bales, CW, and Drezner, MK. "Editorial: Teaching patients coping behaviors: An essential part of successful management of osteoporosis." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 4, no. 6 (1989): 799-801.
  - Bales, CW, Davis, TA, and Beauchene, RE. "Long-term protein and calorie restriction: alterations in nucleic acid levels of organs of male rats." Exp Gerontol 23, no. 3 (1988): 189-196. Link to Item
  - Freeland-Graves, JH, Behmardi, F, Bales, CW, Dougherty, V, Lin, P-H, Crosby, JB, and Trickett, PC. "Metabolic balance of manganese in young men consuming diets containing five levels of dietary manganese." Journal of Nutrition 118, no. 6 (1988): 764-773.
  - Friedman, BJ, Freeland-Graves, JH, Bales, CW, Behmardi, F, Shorey-Kutschke, RL, Willis, RA, Crosby, JB, Trickett, PC, and Houston, SD. "Manganese balance and clinical observations in young men fed a manganese-deficient diet." The Journal of Nutrition 117, no. 1 (January 1987): 133-143. Full Text
  - Bales, CW, Steinman, LC, Freeland-Graves, JH, Stone, JM, and Young, RK. "The effect of age on plasma zinc uptake and taste acuity." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44, no. 5 (1986): 664-669.
  - Bales, CW, Wang, MC, Freeland-Graves, JH, and Pobocik, RS. "The effect of zinc defficiency and food restriction on prostaglandin E₂ and thromboxane B₂ in saliva and plasma of rats." Prostaglandins 31, no. 5 (1986): 859-868.
  - Beauchene, RE, Bales, CW, Bragg, CS, Hawkins, ST, and Mason, RL. "Effect of age of initiation of feed restriction on growth, body composition, and longevity of rats." Journal of Gerontology 41, no. 1 (January 1986): 13-19. Full Text
  - Bales, CW, Chen, ML, and Freeland-Graves, JH. "The effects of a manganese deficiency on plasma amino acid concentrations in young adult males." Federation Proceedings 44, no. 6 (1985): No.-8399.
  - Bales, CW, Freeland-Graves, JH, and Fickel, JJ. "Saliva concentrations of zinc, magnesium and copper in a human population." Federation Proceedings 43, no. 3 (1984): no.-2333.
  - Hurd, S, Shorey, RL, Freeland-Graves, J, and Bales, C. "Formula diets omitting manganese promote a decline in total plasma cholesterol." Federation Proceedings 43, no. 4 (1984): no.-4495.
  - Davis, TA, Bales, CW, and Beauchene, RE. "Differential effects of dietary caloric and protein restriction in the aging rat." Experimental Gerontology 18, no. 6 (1983): 427-435. Full Text
- Book Sections
  - Bales, CW, Young, KR, and Anderson, JJB. "Nutrition and bone health in older adults." In Diet, Nutrients, and Bone Health, 413-430. April 19, 2016.
  - Bales, CW, Locher, JL, Saltzman, E, Bales, CW, Locher, JL, and Saltzman, E. "Handbook of clinical nutrition and aging, third editionPreface (PublishedPublished)." 1-442. January 1, 2015. Full Text
  - Batchelor-Aselage, M, Amella, EJ, Rose, SB, and Bales, CW. "Dementia-related mealtime difficulties: Assessment and management in the long-term care setting." In Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging, Third Edition, 287-301. January 1, 2015. Full Text
  - Bales, CW, and Johnson, MA. "Nutrition in older adults." In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease: Eleventh Edition, 744-756. December 22, 2012.
  - Bales, CW, Buhr, GT, Hawk, VH, Evanko, LS, and White, HK. "Providing optimal nutrition in the assisted living environment." In Geriatric Nutrition, 341-358. January 1, 2007.
- Conference Papers
  - Granville, EO, Starr, KN, Ratliff, A, Connor, LA, Slentz, CA, Bateman, LA, Willis, LH, Piner, L, Kraus, WE, and Bales, CW. "Weight change, calorie intake, and macronutrient profiles for 6 and 12 month diet and exercise interventions in participants with pre-diabetes: Does duration of treatment make a difference?." April 2013. Link to Item
  - Starr, KN, Granville, EO, Ocampo, CI, Slentz, CA, Bateman, LA, Willis, LH, Rose, SB, Kraus, WE, and Bales, CW. "Influence of long-term exercise training followed by a diet/exercise weight-loss intervention on body composition and metabolic variables in subjects with pre-diabetes." April 2013. Link to Item
  - Starr, KN, Hammond, CAS, Candice, SH, Markley, L, Sisk, R, Brown, C, and Bales, CW. "High rate of overweight and obesity in post-combat Military Service Members (MSM) and Veterans exposed to blast and/or blunt head trauma." April 2013. Link to Item
  - Locher, JL, Ritchie, C, Vickers, K, and Bales, CW. "USE OF AN ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE IN AN INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL WELL-BEING OF OLDER ADULTS RECEIVING HOME HEALTH SERVICES." October 2009. Link to Item
  - Bales, CW, Huffman, KM, Hawk, VH, Henes, ST, Slentz, C, Johnson, J, Houmard, JA, Samsa, GP, and Kraus, WE. "AHA-Recommended dietary intake patterns and lipid responses to exercise: Findings from the STRRIDE I study." March 18, 2008. Link to Item
  - Bales, CW, McCrory, M, Zheng, J, Champagne, C, Gilhooly, C, Hannah, J, Racette, S, Martin, C, Obert, K, Das, S, Delany, J, Mandel, S, Rochon, J, Roberts, S, and Schechtman, K. "Quality of self-selected diets of non-obese participants in a randomized controlled trial of caloric restriction (CR): the CALERIE study." April 2007. Link to Item
  - Huffman, K, Orenduff, M, Samsa, GP, Kraus, WE, and Bales, CW. "Relationship of glycemic load to cardiovascular risk factors and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) in sedentary men and women with the metabolic syndrome." March 6, 2006. Link to Item
  - Bales, CW, Moschella, PC, Slentz, C, Knetzger, K, Ketchum, K, Duscha, B, Samsa, G, Houmard, J, and Kraus, WE. "Sustained effects of chronic exercise on blood lipids in adults aged 40-65 years: The Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRIDDE) trial." March 20, 2002. Link to Item

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