Connie Watkins Bales | Scholars@Duke

Connie Watkins Bales
Professor in Medicine

Research in our laboratory focuses on the role of nutrition (particularly vitamins and minerals) in the prevention and management of chronic diseases in older adults. Previous studies have concerned trace elements and cardiovascular disease, calcium and osteoporosis, and renal synthesis of vitamin D as it relates to bone health. Some of our newest work emphasizes the role of micronutrients as antioxidants and their interaction with the aging process. We are also working on various aspects of energy balance in older adults, ranging from failure to thrive in stroke patients with dysphagia to exercise and nutrition effects in overweight subjects who begin physical training. Thus we have a number of clinical and epidemiological projects on-going, many of which include a strong emphasis on nutrition assessment techniques in middle-aged and elderly subjects.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 2010
Senior Fellow in the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Institutes and Centers 1988

Contact Information

2508 Busse Bldg, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Box 3003, Durham, NC 27710
bales001@mc.duke.edu (919) 660-7519

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Tennessee, Knoxville 1981
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 2006 - 2009
- Associate Research Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 1994 - 2006
- Assistant Research Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 1992 - 1993
Research
Selected Grants
- Changes in Weight and Physical Function for Older African American Women in National, Peer-Led, Community-Based Weight Loss Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2024
- Weight loss, in vivo cartilage mechanics, and joint health awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2023
- Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity and Health: NC Consortium Clinical Site awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2022
- Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2022
- Weight loss and exercise to improve rheumatoid arthritis cardiovascular risk awarded by National Institutes of Health 2020 - 2022
- IPA - Barbara Satterwhite 2020 - 2022
- IPA - Connie Thacker 2020 - 2022
- IPA - Jennifer English Jones 2020 - 2022
- IPA - Shubi Khan 2020 - 2022
- IPA - Thoma Tucker 2020 - 2022
- IPA - Angela Fruik 2019 - 2021
- IPA - Jessica Wallis 2009 - 2021
- IPA - Amir Hakim 2019 - 2021
- Effects of Blueberry Extract on Physical Activity, Vascular Function and Cognition in Sedentary Older Adults 2019 - 2021
- An Enhanced Protein (Dairy) Weight Loss Intervention for Dynapenic Obesity: Impact on Muscle Quality and Composition 2015 - 2020
- Behavior and Physiology in Aging awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2020
- Does Meal-based Enhancement of Protein Intake Augment Long-term Responses to Sarcopenic Obesity Reduction? 2016 - 2018
- Does Beef Protein Preserve Muscle Mass and Function During Weight Loss in Frail, Obese Older Adults?: A Follow-Up Study 2016 - 2017
- John A. Hartford Foundation's Centers of Excellence (CoE) 2015 - 2016
- A High-Protein Weight Loss Treatment for Sarcopenic Obesity 2013 - 2015
- Add-On: Pork as Meal Supplement 2013 - 2015
- Behavior And Physiology In Aging awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2015
- Exercise Dose-Response Effects in Prediabetes:Responses and Mechanisms awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2015
- CALERIE awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2014
- CALERIE Non-competing Extension with Funds awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2014
- Peripheral Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Health awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2009
- CALERIE awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2009
- Behavioral Treatment Of Hypertension awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 2001
- Behavorial Treatment Of Hypertension awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1998
- Vitamin D Metabolism-Function Of Kidney Donor/Recipent Age awarded by National Institutes of Health 1992 - 1993
- Vitamin D Metabolism - Function Of Kidney Donor/Recipient awarded by National Institutes of Health 1991 - 1993
- Vitamin D Metabolism: A Function Of Kidney Donor/Recipient awarded by National Institutes of Health 1990 - 1993
- Vitamin D Metabolism: A Function Of Kidney Donor Recipient awarded by National Institutes of Health 1988 - 1993
- Mineral Homeostasis In The Elderly: Identify Priorities awarded by National Institutes of Health 1987 - 1988
External Relationships
- Taylor and Francis Group (Informa)
- american society for nutrition
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Porter Starr, Kathryn N., Margery A. Connelly, Melissa C. Orenduff, Shelley R. McDonald, Richard Sloane, Kim M. Huffman, William E. Kraus, and Connie W. Bales. “Impact on cardiometabolic risk of a weight loss intervention with higher protein from lean red meat: Combined results of 2 randomized controlled trials in obese middle-aged and older adults.” J Clin Lipidol 13, no. 6 (November 2019): 920–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2019.09.012.
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  - Porter Starr, Kathryn N., Melissa Orenduff, Shelley R. McDonald, Hillary Mulder, Richard Sloane, Carl F. Pieper, and Connie W. Bales. “Influence of Weight Reduction and Enhanced Protein Intake on Biomarkers of Inflammation in Older Adults with Obesity.” J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 38, no. 1 (January 2019): 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2018.1564200.
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  - Porter Starr, Kathryn N., Shelley R. McDonald, Aubrey Jarman, Melissa Orenduff, Richard Sloane, Carl F. Pieper, and Connie W. Bales. “Markers of Renal Function in Older Adults Completing a Higher Protein Obesity Intervention and One Year Later: Findings from the MEASUR-UP Trial.” J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 37, no. 2 (April 2018): 117–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2018.1478696.
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  - Bales, Connie W., and Kathryn N. Porter Starr. “Obesity Interventions for Older Adults: Diet as a Determinant of Physical Function.” Adv Nutr 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 151–59. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmx016.
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  - Payne, M. E., K. N. Porter Starr, M. Orenduff, H. S. Mulder, S. R. McDonald, A. P. Spira, C. F. Pieper, and C. W. Bales. “Quality of Life and Mental Health in Older Adults with Obesity and Frailty: Associations with a Weight Loss Intervention.” J Nutr Health Aging 22, no. 10 (2018): 1259–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-018-1127-0.
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  - Bales, Connie W., Kathryn N. Porter Starr, Melissa C. Orenduff, Shelley R. McDonald, Karen Molnar, Aubrey K. Jarman, Ann Onyenwoke, Hillary Mulder, Martha E. Payne, and Carl F. Pieper. “Influence of Protein Intake, Race, and Age on Responses to a Weight-Reduction Intervention in Obese Women.” Curr Dev Nutr 1, no. 5 (May 1, 2017). https://doi.org/10.3945/cdn.117.000703.
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  - Batchelor-Murphy, Melissa K., Eleanor S. McConnell, Elaine J. Amella, Ruth A. Anderson, Connie W. Bales, Susan Silva, Angel Barnes, Cornelia Beck, and Cathleen S. Colon-Emeric. “Experimental Comparison of Efficacy for Three Handfeeding Techniques in Dementia.” J Am Geriatr Soc 65, no. 4 (April 2017): e89–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14728.
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  - Das, Sai Krupa, Susan B. Roberts, Manjushri V. Bhapkar, Dennis T. Villareal, Luigi Fontana, Corby K. Martin, Susan B. Racette, et al. “Body-composition changes in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE)-2 study: a 2-y randomized controlled trial of calorie restriction in nonobese humans.” Am J Clin Nutr 105, no. 4 (April 2017): 913–27. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.137232.
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  - Bartlett, David B., Cris A. Slentz, Margery A. Connelly, Lucy W. Piner, Leslie H. Willis, Lori A. Bateman, Esther O. Granville, Connie W. Bales, Kim M. Huffman, and William E. Kraus. “Association of the Composite Inflammatory Biomarker GlycA, with Exercise-Induced Changes in Body Habitus in Men and Women with Prediabetes.” Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017 (2017): 5608287. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5608287.
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  - Kramer, B Josea, Beth Creekmur, Judith L. Howe, Scott Trudeau, Joseph R. Douglas, Kimberly Garner, Connie Bales, Carol Callaway-Lane, and Steven Barczi. “Veterans Affairs Geriatric Scholars Program: Enhancing Existing Primary Care Clinician Skills in Caring for Older Veterans.” J Am Geriatr Soc 64, no. 11 (November 2016): 2343–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14382.
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  - “FUNCTION AND LEAN MASS RESPONSES TO OBESITY INTERVENTION IN WOMEN: EFFECT OF AGE AND PROTEIN INTAKE.” The Gerontologist 56, no. Suppl_3 (November 2016): 180–180. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw162.703.
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  - Porter Starr, Kathryn N., Carl F. Pieper, Melissa C. Orenduff, Shelley R. McDonald, Luisa B. McClure, Run Zhou, Martha E. Payne, and Connie W. Bales. “Improved Function With Enhanced Protein Intake per Meal: A Pilot Study of Weight Reduction in Frail, Obese Older Adults.” J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci 71, no. 10 (October 2016): 1369–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glv210.
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  - Slentz, Cris A., Lori A. Bateman, Leslie H. Willis, Esther O. Granville, Lucy W. Piner, Gregory P. Samsa, Tracy L. Setji, et al. “Effects of exercise training alone vs a combined exercise and nutritional lifestyle intervention on glucose homeostasis in prediabetic individuals: a randomised controlled trial.” Diabetologia 59, no. 10 (October 2016): 2088–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-016-4051-z.
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  - Starr, Kathryn N Porter, Carl F. Pieper, Melissa C. Orenduff, Shelley R. McDonald, Luisa B. McClure, Run Zhou, Martha E. Payne, and Connie W. Bales. “Improved Function With Enhanced Protein Intake per Meal: A Pilot Study of Weight Reduction in Frail, Obese Older Adults.” Journals of Gerontology Series a Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 71, no. 10 (October 2016): 1369–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glv210.
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  - Porter Starr, Kathryn N., Shelley R. McDonald, Julia A. Weidner, and Connie W. Bales. “Challenges in the Management of Geriatric Obesity in High Risk Populations.” Nutrients 8, no. 5 (May 4, 2016). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8050262.
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  - Villareal, Dennis T., Luigi Fontana, Sai Krupa Das, Leanne Redman, Steven R. Smith, Edward Saltzman, Connie Bales, et al. “Effect of Two-Year Caloric Restriction on Bone Metabolism and Bone Mineral Density in Non-Obese Younger Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” J Bone Miner Res 31, no. 1 (January 2016): 40–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2701.
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  - “FIDELITY TO TREATMENT: IMPLEMENTING AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF DEMENTIA HAND FEEDING TECHNIQUES.” The Gerontologist 55, no. Suppl_2 (November 2015): 85–85. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnv471.19.
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  - “IMPACT OF DIET-INDUCED WEIGHT LOSS ON PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN FRAIL, OBESE OLDER ADULTS.” The Gerontologist 55, no. Suppl_2 (November 2015): 292–292. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnv590.02.
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  - Glynn, Erin L., Lucy W. Piner, Kim M. Huffman, Cris A. Slentz, Lorraine Elliot-Penry, Hiba AbouAssi, Phillip J. White, et al. “Impact of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on branched-chain amino acid turnover, glycine metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight humans.” Diabetologia 58, no. 10 (October 2015): 2324–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3705-6.
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  - Porter Starr, Kathryn N., and Connie W. Bales. “Excessive Body Weight in Older Adults.” Clin Geriatr Med 31, no. 3 (August 2015): 311–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2015.04.001.
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  - Yates, T., M. J. Davies, S. M. Haffner, P. J. Schulte, L. Thomas, K. M. Huffman, C. W. Bales, et al. “Physical activity as a determinant of fasting and 2-h post-challenge glucose: a prospective cohort analysis of the NAVIGATOR trial.” Diabet Med 32, no. 8 (August 2015): 1090–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12762.
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  - AbouAssi, Hiba, Cris A. Slentz, Catherine R. Mikus, Charles J. Tanner, Lori A. Bateman, Leslie H. Willis, A Tamlyn Shields, et al. “The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combination training on insulin sensitivity and secretion in overweight adults from STRRIDE AT/RT: a randomized trial.” J Appl Physiol (1985) 118, no. 12 (June 15, 2015): 1474–82. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00509.2014.
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  - Porter Starr, Kathryn N., Shelley R. McDonald, and Connie W. Bales. “Nutritional Vulnerability in Older Adults: A Continuum of Concerns.” Curr Nutr Rep 4, no. 2 (June 2015): 176–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-015-0118-6.
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  - Bales, C. W., J. L. Locher, and E. Saltzman. “Preface.” Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging, Third Edition, 2015, ix–x. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1929-1.
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  - Bales, Connie Watkins. “The relationship of body mass to survival in persons with dementia: a nutritionist's viewpoint.” J Am Med Dir Assoc 16, no. 1 (January 2015): 81–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2014.10.012.
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  - McDonald, Shelley R., Kathryn N. Porter Starr, Luisa Mauceri, Melissa Orenduff, Esther Granville, Christine Ocampo, Martha E. Payne, Carl F. Pieper, and Connie W. Bales. “Meal-based enhancement of protein quality and quantity during weight loss in obese older adults with mobility limitations: rationale and design for the MEASUR-UP trial.” Contemp Clin Trials 40 (January 2015): 112–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2014.11.010.
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  - Kris-Etherton, Penny M., Sharon R. Akabas, Connie W. Bales, Bruce Bistrian, Lynne Braun, Marilyn S. Edwards, Celia Laur, et al. “The need to advance nutrition education in the training of health care professionals and recommended research to evaluate implementation and effectiveness.” Am J Clin Nutr 99, no. 5 Suppl (May 2014): 1153S-1166S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.073502.
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  - Kushner, Robert F., Linda Van Horn, Cheryl L. Rock, Marilyn S. Edwards, Connie W. Bales, Martin Kohlmeier, and Sharon R. Akabas. “Nutrition education in medical school: a time of opportunity.” Am J Clin Nutr 99, no. 5 Suppl (May 2014): 1167S-1173S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.073510.
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  - Huffman, Kim M., Jie-Lena Sun, Laine Thomas, Connie W. Bales, Robert M. Califf, Thomas Yates, Melanie J. Davies, et al. “Impact of baseline physical activity and diet behavior on metabolic syndrome in a pharmaceutical trial: results from NAVIGATOR.” Metabolism 63, no. 4 (April 2014): 554–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2014.01.002.
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  - Porter Starr, Kathryn N., Shelley R. McDonald, and Connie W. Bales. “Obesity and physical frailty in older adults: a scoping review of lifestyle intervention trials.” J Am Med Dir Assoc 15, no. 4 (April 2014): 240–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.008.
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  - Yates, Thomas, Steven M. Haffner, Phillip J. Schulte, Laine Thomas, Kim M. Huffman, Connie W. Bales, Robert M. Califf, et al. “Association between change in daily ambulatory activity and cardiovascular events in people with impaired glucose tolerance (NAVIGATOR trial): a cohort analysis.” Lancet 383, no. 9922 (March 22, 2014): 1059–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62061-9.
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  - Johnson, Mary Ann, and Connie W. Bales. “Is there a best body mass index for older adults? Moving closer to evidence-based recommendations regarding "overweight," health, and mortality.” J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 33, no. 1 (2014): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2014.875817.
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  - Locher, Julie L., Kristin S. Vickers, David R. Buys, Amy Ellis, Jeannine C. Lawrence, Laura Elizabeth Newton, David L. Roth, Christine S. Ritchie, and Connie W. Bales. “A randomized controlled trial of a theoretically-based behavioral nutrition intervention for community elders: lessons learned from the Behavioral Nutrition Intervention for Community Elders Study.” J Acad Nutr Diet 113, no. 12 (December 2013): 1675–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.352.
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  - Bales, Connie W., and William E. Kraus. “Caloric restriction: implications for human cardiometabolic health.” J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 33, no. 4 (July 2013): 201–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0b013e318295019e.
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  - Slentz, Cris A., Lori A. Bateman, Leslie H. Willis, Esther Granville, Lucy W. Piner, Lorrie Elliot-Penry, Connie W. Bales, and William E. Kraus. “Effects of Exercise Amount and Intensity versus Lifestyle Intervention on Glucose Tolerance in Adults With Prediabetes-STRRIDE PD.” Diabetes 62 (July 1, 2013): A184–A184.
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  - Willis, Leslie H., Cris A. Slentz, Lori A. Bateman, Esther Granviille, Lucy W. Piner, Connie W. Bales, and William E. Kraus. “Effects of Exercise Amount and Intensity versus a Lifestyle Intervention on Fasting Glucose in Adults With Pre-diabetes-STRRIDE-PD.” Diabetes 62 (July 1, 2013): A186–A186.
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  - Bales, Connie W. “Response from the editor.” J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 32, no. 1 (2013): 83.
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  - Willis, Leslie H., Cris A. Slentz, Lori A. Bateman, A Tamlyn Shields, Lucy W. Piner, Connie W. Bales, Joseph A. Houmard, and William E. Kraus. “Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults.” J Appl Physiol (1985) 113, no. 12 (December 15, 2012): 1831–37. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01370.2011.
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  - Saltzman, Edward, Mary Ann Johnson, and Connie W. Bales. “Clinical nutrition update 2012.” Adv Nutr 3, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 827–28. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.112.002774.
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  - Bales, Connie W., Victoria H. Hawk, Esther O. Granville, Sarah B. Rose, Tamlyn Shields, Lori Bateman, Leslie Willis, et al. “Aerobic and resistance training effects on energy intake: the STRRIDE-AT/RT study.” Med Sci Sports Exerc 44, no. 10 (October 2012): 2033–39. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318259479a.
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  - Huffman, Kim M., Victoria H. Hawk, Sarah T. Henes, Christine I. Ocampo, Melissa C. Orenduff, Cris A. Slentz, Johanna L. Johnson, et al. “Exercise effects on lipids in persons with varying dietary patterns-does diet matter if they exercise? Responses in Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise I.” Am Heart J 164, no. 1 (July 2012): 117–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2012.04.014.
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  - Bales, C. W., E. O. Granville, S. B. Rose, S. L. Aktan, V. Arendt, A. Dathan, L. W. Piner, and W. E. Kraus. “A MULTI-COMPONENT WEIGHT LOSS INTERVENTION FOR MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS WITH PRE-DIABETES.” Gerontologist 51 (November 1, 2011): 475–475.
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  - Rickman, Amy D., Donald A. Williamson, Corby K. Martin, Cheryl H. Gilhooly, Richard I. Stein, Connie W. Bales, Susan Roberts, and Sai Krupa Das. “The CALERIE Study: design and methods of an innovative 25% caloric restriction intervention.” Contemp Clin Trials 32, no. 6 (November 2011): 874–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2011.07.002.
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  - Slentz, Cris A., Lori A. Bateman, Leslie H. Willis, A Tamlyn Shields, Charles J. Tanner, Lucy W. Piner, Victoria H. Hawk, et al. “Effects of aerobic vs. resistance training on visceral and liver fat stores, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance by HOMA in overweight adults from STRRIDE AT/RT.” Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 301, no. 5 (November 2011): E1033–39. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00291.2011.
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  - Bateman, Lori A., Cris A. Slentz, Leslie H. Willis, A Tamlyn Shields, Lucy W. Piner, Connie W. Bales, Joseph A. Houmard, and William E. Kraus. “Comparison of aerobic versus resistance exercise training effects on metabolic syndrome (from the Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention Through Defined Exercise - STRRIDE-AT/RT).” Am J Cardiol 108, no. 6 (September 15, 2011): 838–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.04.037.
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  - Bales, Connie W. “"Premiere" issue of the Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics.” J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 30, no. 1 (2011): 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639366.2011.545037.
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  - Bales, Connie Watkins. “Paradise lost?: rural life and nutritional well being in the 21st century.” J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 30, no. 3 (2011): 201–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2011.597648.
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  - Locher, Julie L., Connie W. Bales, Amy C. Ellis, Jeannine C. Lawrence, Laura Newton, Christine S. Ritchie, David L. Roth, David L. Buys, and Kristin S. Vickers. “A theoretically based Behavioral Nutrition Intervention for Community Elders at high risk: the B-NICE randomized controlled clinical trial.” J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 30, no. 4 (2011): 384–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/21551197.2011.623955.
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  - Rochon, James, Connie W. Bales, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, John O. Holloszy, Susan B. Racette, Susan B. Roberts, et al. “Design and conduct of the CALERIE study: comprehensive assessment of the long-term effects of reducing intake of energy.” J Gerontol a Biol Sci Med Sci 66, no. 1 (January 2011): 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glq168.
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  - Tumosa, Nina, J Thomas Fitzgerald, W Gibson Wood, Stephen Thielke, Kenneth Shay, Judith L. Howe, Ronni Chernoff, et al. “Education partnerships between GRECCs and other VA organizations, Non-VA governmental agencies, academic medical centers, and centers of excellence.” Gerontol Geriatr Educ 32, no. 1 (2011): 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2011.550212.
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  - Bales, C. W. “Journal of nutrition for the elderly becomes the journal of nutrition in gerontology and geriatrics.” Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 29, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 345–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639366.2010.528326.
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  - Galanos, Anthony Nicholas, Emma C. Neff, and Roschelle A. Heuberger. “What is "optimal nourishment" for older adults at the end of life? A conversation. Interview by Connie W. Bales.” J Nutr Elder 29, no. 4 (October 2010): 386–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639366.2010.528330.
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  - Locher, J. L., A. Ellis, J. Lawrence, L. Newton, C. Ritchie, K. S. Vickers, and C. W. Bales. “INITIAL FINDINGS FROM AN INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF OLDER ADULTS RECEIVING HOME HEALTH SERVICES.” Gerontologist 50 (October 1, 2010): 297–297.
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  - Bales, Connie W. “In a society of plenty, food shortages still threaten health.” J Nutr Elder 29, no. 2 (April 2010): 115. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639366.2010.480890.
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  - Bales, Connie W. “What is the "right diet" for a healthy old age?” J Nutr Elder 29, no. 1 (January 2010): 2–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639360903574569.
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  - Buhr, Gwendolen, and Connie W. Bales. “Nutritional supplements for older adults: review and recommendations--Part II.” J Nutr Elder 29, no. 1 (January 2010): 42–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639360903586464.
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  - Bales, C. W. “A Note from the Editor Perspectives for the future build on those of the past.” Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 28, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 323. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639360903417207.
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  - Bales, C. W. “A note from the editor: When food can be the enemy.” Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 107. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639360902949960.
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  - Bales, C. W. “Welcome to the New Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly.” Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639360802633904.
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  - Bales, Connie W. “Improving nutritional quality of life for older adults: bringing global unity to the field.” J Nutr Elder 28, no. 1 (January 2009): 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639360802633920.
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  - Bales, Connie W., and Gwendolen T. Buhr. “Body mass trajectory, energy balance, and weight loss as determinants of health and mortality in older adults.” Obes Facts 2, no. 3 (2009): 171–78. https://doi.org/10.1159/000221008.
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  - Buhr, Gwendolen, and Connie W. Bales. “Nutritional supplements for older adults: review and recommendations-part I.” J Nutr Elder 28, no. 1 (January 2009): 5–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639360802640545.
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  - Evans, William J., John E. Morley, Josep Argilés, Connie Bales, Vickie Baracos, Denis Guttridge, Aminah Jatoi, et al. “Cachexia: a new definition.” Clin Nutr 27, no. 6 (December 2008): 793–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2008.06.013.
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  - Bales, Connie W., and Gwendolen Buhr. “Is obesity bad for older persons? A systematic review of the pros and cons of weight reduction in later life.” J Am Med Dir Assoc 9, no. 5 (June 2008): 302–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2008.01.006.
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  - Bales, C. W., and H. K. White. “Staying Healthy in Later Life,” April 15, 2008, 109–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470691793.ch6.
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  - Huffman, Kim M., Cris A. Slentz, Connie W. Bales, Joseph A. Houmard, and William E. Kraus. “Relationships between adipose tissue and cytokine responses to a randomized controlled exercise training intervention.” Metabolism 57, no. 4 (April 2008): 577–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2007.11.023.
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  - Huffman, Kim M., Melissa C. Orenduff, Gregory P. Samsa, Joseph A. Houmard, William E. Kraus, and Connie W. Bales. “Dietary carbohydrate intake and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in at-risk women and men.” Am Heart J 154, no. 5 (November 2007): 962–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2007.07.009.
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  - Huffman, Kim M., Gregory P. Samsa, Cris A. Slentz, Brian D. Duscha, Johanna L. Johnson, Connie W. Bales, Charles J. Tanner, Joseph A. Houmard, and William E. Kraus. “Response of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to exercise training in an at-risk population.” Am Heart J 152, no. 4 (October 2006): 793–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2006.04.019.
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  - Payne, Martha E., Celia F. Hybels, Connie W. Bales, and David C. Steffens. “Vascular nutritional correlates of late-life depression.” Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 14, no. 9 (September 2006): 787–95. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JGP.0000203168.28872.21.
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  - Slentz, Cris A., Lori B. Aiken, Joseph A. Houmard, Connie W. Bales, Johanna L. Johnson, Charles J. Tanner, Brian D. Duscha, and William E. Kraus. “Inactivity, exercise, and visceral fat. STRRIDE: a randomized, controlled study of exercise intensity and amount.” J Appl Physiol (1985) 99, no. 4 (October 2005): 1613–18. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00124.2005.
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  - Bales, C. W. “A letter from ACN President Connie W. Bales.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 24, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 81. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2005.10719447.
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  - White, Heidi K., Eleanor S. McConnell, Connie W. Bales, and Maragatha Kuchibhatla. “A 6-month observational study of the relationship between weight loss and behavioral symptoms in institutionalized Alzheimer's disease subjects.” J Am Med Dir Assoc 5, no. 2 (March 2004): 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAM.0000110646.48753.EF.
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  - Slentz, Cris A., Brian D. Duscha, Johanna L. Johnson, Kevin Ketchum, Lori B. Aiken, Gregory P. Samsa, Joseph A. Houmard, Connie W. Bales, and William E. Kraus. “Effects of the amount of exercise on body weight, body composition, and measures of central obesity: STRRIDE--a randomized controlled study.” Arch Intern Med 164, no. 1 (January 12, 2004): 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.1.31.
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  - Bales, C. W., J. G. Fischer, and M. C. Orenduff. “Nutritional interventions for age-related chronic disease.” Generations 28, no. 3 (January 1, 2004): 54–60.
  - Kraus, William E., Joseph A. Houmard, Brian D. Duscha, Kenneth J. Knetzger, Michelle B. Wharton, Jennifer S. McCartney, Connie W. Bales, et al. “Effects of the amount and intensity of exercise on plasma lipoproteins.” N Engl J Med 347, no. 19 (November 7, 2002): 1483–92. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa020194.
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  - Bales, Connie W. “Alternative diet therapy for elderly patients. Unique concerns for a high-risk population.” Clin Geriatr Med 18, no. 4 (November 2002): 841–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0690(02)00039-3.
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  - Bales, Connie W., and Christine S. Ritchie. “Sarcopenia, weight loss, and nutritional frailty in the elderly.” Annu Rev Nutr 22 (2002): 309–23. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.010402.102715.
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  - Bales, C. W. “Discussion.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 20 (October 1, 2001): 417S-420S. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2001.10719178.
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  - Kraus, W. E., C. E. Torgan, B. D. Duscha, J. Norris, S. A. Brown, F. R. Cobb, C. W. Bales, et al. “Studies of a targeted risk reduction intervention through defined exercise (STRRIDE).” Med Sci Sports Exerc 33, no. 10 (October 2001): 1774–84. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200110000-00025.
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  - Bales, C. W. “What does it mean to be "at nutritional risk"? Seeking clarity on behalf of the elderly.” Am J Clin Nutr 74, no. 2 (August 2001): 155–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/74.2.155.
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  - Obarzanek, E., F. M. Sacks, W. M. Vollmer, G. A. Bray, E. R. Miller, P. H. Lin, N. M. Karanja, et al. “Effects on blood lipids of a blood pressure-lowering diet: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial.” Am J Clin Nutr 74, no. 1 (July 2001): 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/74.1.80.
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  - White, H. K., E. S. McConnell, C. W. Bales, and M. Kuchibhatia. “A 6-month observational study of the relationship between weight loss and behavioral symptoms in institutionalized AD subjects.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 49, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): S44–S44.
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  - Bales, C. W., K. L. Moreno, J. R. Guyton, P. A. Yunker, M. K. McGee, K. L. Currie, S. Brown, M. Kuchibhatla, and M. K. Drezner. “Comparison of proximate composition and fatty acid and cholesterol content of lean and typical commercial pork.” J Am Diet Assoc 98, no. 11 (November 1998): 1328–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00297-1.
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  - Gray, S. L., J. T. Hanlon, G. G. Fillenbaum, W. E. Wall, and C. Bales. “Predictors of nutritional supplement use by the elderly.” Pharmacotherapy 16, no. 4 (July 1996): 715–20.
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  - Bales, C. W. “Micronutrient deficiencies in nursing homes: should clinical intervention await a research consensus?” J Am Coll Nutr 14, no. 6 (December 1995): 563–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1995.10718544.
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  - Bales, C., K. Moreno, S. Brown, J. Guyton, M. McGee, K. Currie, and M. Drezner. “Lean Pork for Lipid-lowering Diets. A Comparison with Traditional Pork.” Journal of the American Dietetic Association 95, no. 9 SUPPL. (September 1, 1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00545-5.
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  - DiSilvestro, R. A., C. W. Bales, H. Joung, E. Joseph, K. Currie, C. S. Plaisted, A. N. Galanos, and P. Lin. “Effects of moderate zinc depletion and repletion on zinc R values in healthy elderly subjects.” Medical Science Research 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1995).
  - Plaisted, C. S., A. N. Galanos, R. Westlund, P. H. Lin, K. Currie, and C. W. Bales. “Community dwelling elderly are appropriate subjects for intensive dietary choice restriction studies.” J Nutr Elder 14, no. 4 (1995): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1300/J052v14n04_01.
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  - Bales, C. W., R. A. DiSilvestro, K. L. Currie, C. S. Plaisted, H. Joung, A. N. Galanos, and P. H. Lin. “Marginal zinc deficiency in older adults: responsiveness of zinc status indicators.” J Am Coll Nutr 13, no. 5 (October 1994): 455–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1994.10718434.
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  - Galanos, A. N., C. F. Pieper, J. C. Cornoni-Huntley, C. W. Bales, and G. G. Fillenbaum. “Nutrition and function: is there a relationship between body mass index and the functional capabilities of community-dwelling elderly?” J Am Geriatr Soc 42, no. 4 (April 1994): 368–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb07483.x.
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  - Gold, D. T., K. Stegmaier, C. W. Bales, K. W. Lyles, R. E. Westlund, and M. K. Drezner. “Psychosocial functioning and osteoporosis in late life: Results of a multidisciplinary intervention.” Journal of Women’S Health 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 149–55. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.1993.2.149.
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  - BALES, C. W., K. L. CURRIE, P. LIN, and M. K. DREZNER. “RENAL 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY FOLLOWING UNINEPHRECTOMY IS REDUCED IN AGED C57BL6J MICE.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 7 (August 1, 1992): S169–S169.
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  - BALES, C. W., P. H. LIN, and L. A. GIANNETTO. “IMPACT OF A VERY LOW FAT (VLF) DIET ON TRACE-ELEMENT STATUS OF ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS.” Faseb Journal 6, no. 5 (February 28, 1992): A1655–A1655.
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  - Gold, D. T., S. D. Smith, C. W. Bales, K. W. Lyles, R. E. Westlund, and M. K. Drezner. “Osteoporosis in late life: does health locus of control affect psychosocial adaptation?” J Am Geriatr Soc 39, no. 7 (July 1991): 670–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb03620.x.
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  - Stein, B., B. P. Halloran, T. Reinhardt, G. W. Engstrom, C. W. Bales, M. K. Drezner, K. L. Currie, M. Takizawa, J. S. Adams, and S. Epstein. “Cyclosporin-A increases synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat and mouse.” Endocrinology 128, no. 3 (March 1991): 1369–73. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-128-3-1369.
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  - Bales, C. W., and D. T. Gold. “Nutrition education for osteoporosis patients: An innovative approach to care of the chronically ill elderly.” Journal of Nutrition Education 23, no. 3 (January 1, 1991): 120–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3182(12)80488-2.
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  - Kochersberger, G., C. Bales, B. Lobaugh, and K. W. Lyles. “Calcium supplementation lowers serum parathyroid hormone levels in elderly subjects.” J Gerontol 45, no. 5 (September 1990): M159–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/45.5.m159.
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  - Bales, C. W., J. H. Freeland-Graves, S. Askey, F. Behmardi, R. S. Pobocik, J. J. Fickel, and P. Greenlee. “Zinc, magnesium, copper, and protein concentrations in human saliva: age- and sex-related differences.” Am J Clin Nutr 51, no. 3 (March 1990): 462–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/51.3.462.
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  - Gold, D. T., K. W. Lyles, C. W. Bales, and M. K. Drezner. “Teaching patients coping behaviors: an essential part of successful management of osteoporosis.” J Bone Miner Res 4, no. 6 (December 1989): 799–801. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650040602.
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  - Almond, J. R., C. W. Bales, B. Lobaugh, P. E. Klotman, and M. K. Drezner. “Regulation of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-hydroxylase activity in the mouse after uninephrectomy.” Endocrinology 124, no. 5 (May 1989): 2118–21. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-124-5-2118.
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  - Gold, D. T., C. W. Bales, K. W. Lyles, and M. K. Drezner. “Treatment of osteoporosis. The psychological impact of a medical education program on older patients.” J Am Geriatr Soc 37, no. 5 (May 1989): 417–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1989.tb02637.x.
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  - Bales, C. W. “Nutritional aspects of osteoporosis: recommendations for the elderly at risk.” Annu Rev Gerontol Geriatr 9 (1989): 7–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-40455-3_1.
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  - Freeland-Graves, J. H., F. Behmardi, C. W. Bales, V. Dougherty, P. H. Lin, J. B. Crosby, and P. C. Trickett. “Metabolic balance of manganese in young men consuming diets containing five levels of dietary manganese.” J Nutr 118, no. 6 (June 1988): 764–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/118.6.764.
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  - Bales, C. W., T. A. Davis, and R. E. Beauchene. “Long-term protein and calorie restriction: alterations in nucleic acid levels of organs of male rats.” Exp Gerontol 23, no. 3 (1988): 189–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/0531-5565(88)90006-x.
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  - Friedman, B. J., J. H. Freeland-Graves, C. W. Bales, F. Behmardi, R. L. Shorey-Kutschke, R. A. Willis, J. B. Crosby, P. C. Trickett, and S. D. Houston. “Manganese balance and clinical observations in young men fed a manganese-deficient diet.” J Nutr 117, no. 1 (January 1987): 133–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/117.1.133.
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  - Bales, C. W., L. C. Steinman, J. H. Freeland-Graves, J. M. Stone, and R. K. Young. “The effect of age on plasma zinc uptake and taste acuity.” Am J Clin Nutr 44, no. 5 (November 1986): 664–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/44.5.664.
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  - Bales, C. W., M. C. Wang, J. H. Freeland-Graves, and R. S. Pobocik. “The effect of zinc deficiency and food restriction on prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 in saliva and plasma of rats.” Prostaglandins 31, no. 5 (May 1986): 859–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-6980(86)90019-5.
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  - Beauchene, R. E., C. W. Bales, C. S. Bragg, S. T. Hawkins, and R. L. Mason. “Effect of age of initiation of feed restriction on growth, body composition, and longevity of rats.” J Gerontol 41, no. 1 (January 1986): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/41.1.13.
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  - Bales, C. W., M. L. Chen, and J. H. Freeland-Graves. “The effects of a manganese deficiency on plasma amino acid concentrations in young adult males.” Federation Proceedings 44, no. 6 (January 1, 1985).
  - Bales, C. W., J. H. Freeland-Graves, and J. J. Fickel. “Saliva concentrations of zinc, magnesium and copper in a human population.” Federation Proceedings 43, no. 3 (January 1, 1984).
  - Hurd, S., R. L. Shorey, J. Freeland-Graves, and C. Bales. “Formula diets omitting manganese promote a decline in total plasma cholesterol.” Federation Proceedings 43, no. 4 (January 1, 1984).
  - Davis, T. A., C. W. Bales, and R. E. Beauchene. “Differential effects of dietary caloric and protein restriction in the aging rat.” Exp Gerontol 18, no. 6 (1983): 427–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0531-5565(83)90021-9.
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- Book Sections
  - Bales, C. W., K. R. Young, and J. J. B. Anderson. “Nutrition and bone health in older adults.” In Diet, Nutrients, and Bone Health, 413–30, 2016.
  - Bales, C. W., J. L. Locher, and E. Saltzman. “Handbook of clinical nutrition and aging, third edition,” 1–442, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1929-1.
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  - Batchelor-Aselage, M., E. J. Amella, S. B. Rose, and C. W. Bales. “Dementia-related mealtime difficulties: Assessment and management in the long-term care setting.” In Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging, Third Edition, 287–301, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1929-1_18.
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  - Bales, C. W., and M. A. Johnson. “Nutrition in older adults.” In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease: Eleventh Edition, 744–56, 2012.
  - Bales, C. W., G. T. Buhr, V. H. Hawk, L. S. Evanko, and H. K. White. “Providing optimal nutrition in the assisted living environment.” In Geriatric Nutrition, 341–58, 2007.
  - Bales, C. W., and J. L. Purser. “Achieving a healthy body weight: Diet and exercise interventions for type 2 diabetes.” In Nutrition and Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Management, 43–56, 2005.
- Conference Papers
  - Granville, Esther O., Kathryn N. Starr, April Ratliff, Lynn A. Connor, Cris A. Slentz, Lori A. Bateman, Leslie H. Willis, Lucy Piner, William E. Kraus, and Connie W. Bales. “Weight change, calorie intake, and macronutrient profiles for 6 and 12 month diet and exercise interventions in participants with pre-diabetes: Does duration of treatment make a difference?” In Faseb Journal, Vol. 27. FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, 2013.
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  - Starr, Kathryn N., Carol A Smith Hammond, Scharver H. Candice, Lisa Markley, Rebecca Sisk, Courtney Brown, and Connie W. Bales. “High rate of overweight and obesity in post-combat Military Service Members (MSM) and Veterans exposed to blast and/or blunt head trauma.” In Faseb Journal, Vol. 27. FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, 2013.
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  - Starr, Kathryn N., Esther O. Granville, Christine I. Ocampo, Cris A. Slentz, Lori A. Bateman, Leslie H. Willis, Sarah B. Rose, William E. Kraus, and Connie W. Bales. “Influence of long-term exercise training followed by a diet/exercise weight-loss intervention on body composition and metabolic variables in subjects with pre-diabetes.” In Faseb Journal, Vol. 27. FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, 2013.
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  - Locher, J. L., C. Ritchie, K. Vickers, and C. W. Bales. “USE OF AN ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE IN AN INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL WELL-BEING OF OLDER ADULTS RECEIVING HOME HEALTH SERVICES.” In Gerontologist, 49:521–521. GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER, 2009.
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  - Bales, Connie W., Kim M. Huffman, Victoria H. Hawk, Sarah T. Henes, Cris Slentz, Johanna Johnson, Joseph A. Houmard, Greg P. Samsa, and William E. Kraus. “AHA-Recommended dietary intake patterns and lipid responses to exercise: Findings from the STRRIDE I study.” In Circulation, Vol. 117. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2008.
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  - Bales, Connie W., M. McCrory, J. Zheng, C. Champagne, C. Gilhooly, J. Hannah, S. Racette, et al. “Quality of self-selected diets of non-obese participants in a randomized controlled trial of caloric restriction (CR): the CALERIE study.” In Faseb Journal, 21:A155–A155. FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, 2007.
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  - Huffman, K., M. Orenduff, G. P. Samsa, W. E. Kraus, and C. W. Bales. “Relationship of glycemic load to cardiovascular risk factors and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) in sedentary men and women with the metabolic syndrome.” In Faseb Journal, 20:A579–A579. FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, 2006.
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  - Bales, C. W., P. C. Moschella, C. Slentz, K. Knetzger, K. Ketchum, B. Duscha, G. Samsa, J. Houmard, and W. E. Kraus. “Sustained effects of chronic exercise on blood lipids in adults aged 40-65 years: The Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRIDDE) trial.” In Faseb Journal, 16:A241–A241. FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, 2002.
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