Scholars@Duke
Carly Elizabeth Kelley

Carly Elizabeth Kelley

Associate Professor of Medicine
Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition
Dept of Medicine, Box 31338, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Injectable Estradiol Monotherapy Effectively Suppresses Testosterone in Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.

Journal Article Endocr Pract · November 2025 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between injectable estradiol and serum total testosterone (TT) concentrations and determine additional associations between covariates (age, intramuscular vs subcutaneous administration, ester [cypionate vs valerate], ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interest in Fertility Preservation Among Adults Seen at a Gender Care Clinic.

Journal Article J Clin Med · September 1, 2025 Introduction/Background: Medical treatments received by transgender and/or gender diverse (TGD) people can impact fertility, yet the literature lacks data on factors that influence fertility decisions among TGD people. Specific Aim(s): This study aimed to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Injectable Estradiol Use in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals throughout the United States.

Journal Article J Clin Endocrinol Metab · August 7, 2025 CONTEXT: Guidelines for use of injectable estradiol esters (valerate [EV] and cypionate [EC]) among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals designated male at birth vary considerably, with many providers noting supraphysiologic serum estradiol con ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Acquisition: Perceptions among Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals in North Carolina.

Journal Article South Med J · July 2025 OBJECTIVES: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities at increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be underprescribed preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), but PrEP research on SGM communities other than transgender women and cisgender men who ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pilot Survey Assessing Lactation and Breastfeeding Experiences, Attitudes, and Knowledge Among Transfeminine Individuals.

Journal Article Breastfeed Med · May 2025 Background: Transfeminine individuals are capable of developing breast tissue that is indistinguishable from cis-females, allowing them to breastfeed effectively. Breastfeeding affords known health benefits for both members of a lactating individual-infant ... Full text Link to item Cite

A review of menopause in transgender and gender diverse individuals.

Journal Article Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol · April 1, 2025 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the specific challenges, health considerations, and healthcare needs of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people navigating menopause, highlighting the intersection of gender ide ... Full text Link to item Cite

Utilizing community engagement to define research and clinical priorities for gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Journal Article Int J Transgend Health · 2025 BACKGROUND: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) populations are often excluded from research or inappropriately grouped with other gender modalities despite significant disparities in health and health care. According to models of community-engaged resear ... Full text Link to item Cite

Revisiting Injectable Estrogen Dosing Recommendations for Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.

Journal Article Transgend Health · December 2024 Injectable estrogens are options for gender-affirming hormone therapy per guidelines, which suggest intramuscular dosages of 5-30 mg every 2 weeks or 2-10 mg weekly with estradiol cypionate or valerate interchangeably. Data among transgender and gender-div ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical Learning and LGBTQ+ Health: Summary of a LGBTQ+ Health Clinical Rotation.

Journal Article J Physician Assist Educ · December 1, 2024 INTRODUCTION: People who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and people who identify as something else (LGBTQ+) experience barriers to health care including a lack of health care providers adequately prepared to care for them. The liter ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Use of Injectable Estradiol in Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults: A Scoping Review of Dose and Serum Estradiol Levels.

Journal Article Endocr Pract · September 2024 OBJECTIVE: Feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy is the mainstay of treatment for many transgender and gender diverse people. Injectable estradiol preparations are recommended by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Novel Lactation Induction Protocol for a Transgender Woman Wishing to Breastfeed: A Case Report.

Journal Article Breastfeed Med · April 2024 Background: Lactation induction in transgender women is a clinical and research priority in the field of breastfeeding medicine. To date, there are four case reports detailing successful induced lactation in transgender patients who wished to breastfeed. T ... Full text Link to item Cite

Role of Thyroid RFA in the Treatment of Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules.

Journal Article Tech Vasc Interv Radiol · June 2022 Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) are a common cause of hyperthyroid symptoms. While hemithyroidectomy or radioactive iodine ablation have historically been used to treat AFTNs, percutaneous thyroid radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is emerging a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diabetes Mellitus: ACOG Clinical Updates in Women's Health Care Primary and Preventive Care Review.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · November 2019 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness with increased morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing among women of all ages. This monograph provides an overview of the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of diabetes mel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessing electronic health record phenotypes against gold-standard diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus.

Journal Article J Am Med Inform Assoc · April 1, 2017 OBJECTIVE: We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of 8 electronic health record (EHR)-based phenotypes for diabetes mellitus against gold-standard American Diabetes Association (ADA) diagnostic criteria via chart review by clinical experts. MATERIALS ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Other The Triangle Physician · November 2016 Cite

Vitamin D

Other The Triangle Physician · July 2016 Cite

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Other The Triangle Physician · April 2016 Cite

Statin intolerance in a referral lipid clinic.

Journal Article J Clin Lipidol · 2016 BACKGROUND: Statins effectively prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but rates of statin discontinuation after adverse events are high. OBJECTIVE: Describe the range and relative frequencies of adverse events potentially attributable to statins ... Full text Link to item Cite

Screening for glucose intolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood glucose or oral glucose tolerance test?

Journal Article Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab · November 2014 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic condition with many reproductive, metabolic and psychological manifestations. Insulin resistance puts women with PCOS at an increased risk for developing impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes (T2D). An ... Full text Link to item Cite

Review of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Journal Article World J Gastroenterol · October 21, 2014 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. Women with PCOS frequently have metabolic complications including insulin resistance (IR), early diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recent studies have ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does this patient have dementia?

Other Instructor’s Guides to JAMA Rational Clinical Examination · 2010 Cite

Endocrine

Other Duke Internal Medicine Survival Guide · 2010 Cite