Charles Muiruri

Journal Article AIDS Behav · September 2024 The primary goal of antiretroviral treatment is to improve the health of individuals with HIV, and a secondary goal is to prevent further transmission. In 2016, Rwanda adopted the World Health Organization's "treat-all" approach in combination with the dif ... Full text Link to item Cite

Disclosure of HIV Status to Sexual Partners Among People With HIV in Singida Regional Referral Hospital of Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal Article J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care · September 2024 HIV status nondisclosure to sexual partners remains a major challenge in Tanzania's health system. This hospital-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study design recruited 380 people living with HIV (PLWH) to assess voluntary HIV status disclosure to sexua ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Food insecurity among university students in the United States amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Journal Article J Am Coll Health · July 2024 OBJECTIVE: This study reports on food insecurity (FI) amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: College students in four regions of the US completed the two-item validated Hunger Vital Sign™ screening tool on Qualtrics. RESULTS: FI increased ... Full text Link to item Cite

Engagement in Care, Awareness, and Interest in Long-Acting Injectable Anti-Retroviral Therapy.

Journal Article AIDS Behav · July 1, 2024 Long Acting Injectable (LAI) therapy to treat HIV is an alternative to daily oral medications. The success of early roll-out of LAI to eligible patients requires a better understanding of patients' awareness and interest in this novel therapy. We administe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cardiology Encounters for Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Groups with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Borderline Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

Journal Article J Racial Ethn Health Disparities · June 2024 BACKGROUND: Underrepresented racial and ethnic groups (UREGs) with HIV have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population. Referral to a cardiovascular specialist improves CVD risk factor management in high-risk individ ... Full text Link to item Cite

Specialty Care Referral for Underrepresented Minorities Living with HIV in the United States: Experiences, Barriers, and Facilitators.

Journal Article AIDS Patient Care STDS · June 2024 The increased incidence of chronic diseases among people with HIV (PWH) is poised to increase the need for specialty care outside of HIV treatment settings. To reduce outcome disparities for HIV-associated comorbidities in the United States, it is critical ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nurse-Led Strategy to Improve Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Level Among People With HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal Article JAMA Netw Open · March 4, 2024 IMPORTANCE: Despite higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, people with HIV (PWH) experience unique barriers to ASCVD prevention, such as changing models of HIV primary care. OBJECTIVE: To test whether a multicomponent nurse-led strateg ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Safety and efficacy of malaria vaccine candidate R21/Matrix-M in African children: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial.

Journal Article Lancet · February 10, 2024 BACKGROUND: Recently, we found that a new malaria vaccine, R21/Matrix-M, had over 75% efficacy against clinical malaria with seasonal administration in a phase 2b trial in Burkina Faso. Here, we report on safety and efficacy of the vaccine in a phase 3 tri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient perspectives on the helpfulness of a community health worker program for HIV care engagement in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS Care · July 2023 Task-shifting is a valuable approach for redistributing clinical tasks to nonprofessional health workers and relieving human resource shortages. The Community-Based HIV Services (CBHS) program is a national cohort of volunteer community health workers (CHW ... Full text Link to item Cite

Black and White Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Have Similar Outcomes but Different Risk Factors.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · April 3, 2023 BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) disproportionately affects Black patients. The reasons for this disparity are unclear. METHODS: We evaluated a prospectively ascertained cohort of patients with SAB from 1995 to 2020. Clinical characterist ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient-Preference Diagnostics: Adapting Stated-Preference Methods to Inform Effective Shared Decision Making.

Journal Article Med Decis Making · February 2023 BACKGROUND: While clinical practice guidelines underscore the need to incorporate patient preferences in clinical decision making, incorporating meaningful assessment of patient preferences in clinical encounters is challenging. Structured approaches that ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A world of choices: preference elicitation methods for improving the delivery and uptake of HIV prevention and treatment.

Journal Article Curr Opin HIV AIDS · January 1, 2023 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite the growing availability of effective HIV prevention and treatment interventions, there are large gaps in their uptake and sustained use across settings. It is crucial to elicit and apply patients' and stakeholders' preferences t ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Quantitative Framework for Medication Non-Adherence: Integrating Patient Treatment Expectations and Preferences.

Journal Article Patient Prefer Adherence · 2023 INTRODUCTION: Medication non-adherence remains a significant challenge in healthcare, impacting treatment outcomes and the overall effectiveness of medical interventions. This article introduces a novel approach to understanding and predicting medication n ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Correlates of Blood Pressure Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among Adults 50 Years or Older by HIV Status in Northwestern Tanzania.

Journal Article Curr Hypertens Rep · August 2022 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The objective of this study was to describe the increasing incidence and risk of cardiovascular disease among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Sub-Saharan Africa. We also used data to compare hypertension (a common NCD among PLWH) outco ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perspectives of HIV specialists and cardiologists on the specialty referral process for people living with HIV: a qualitative descriptive study.

Journal Article BMC Health Serv Res · May 9, 2022 BACKGROUND: Cardiology care may be beneficial for risk factor management in people living with HIV (PLWH), yet limited information is available about the referral process from the perspectives of HIV specialists and cardiologists. METHODS: We conducted 28 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Predictors of Self-repackaging of Antiretroviral Therapy in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Am J Health Behav · April 20, 2022 Objectives: In this study, we explored determinants of "researcher-observed" patient-initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) repackaging practices among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Northern Tanzania. Methods: We used a quasi-experimental design to des ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using geographic information systems to characterize food environments around historically black colleges and universities: Implications for nutrition interventions.

Journal Article J Am Coll Health · April 2022 ObjectiveTo understand the distribution of healthy and unhealthy food stores near historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Participants and methods: Using ArcGIS Pro's network analysis tools and ReferenceUSA database, this study characterized ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Is lack of health insurance a predictor of worsening of heart failure among adult patients attending referral hospitals in Northwestern Tanzania?

Journal Article PLoS One · 2022 INTRODUCTION: Health insurance coverage is critical for persons living with chronic conditions such as heart failure. Lack of health insurance may affect the ability to access regular healthcare appointments, pay for medication refills which can result in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using Patient Treatment Beliefs to Inform DCE Designs

Conference PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH · 2022 Cite

Caregiver Acceptability of Mobile Phone Use for Pediatric Cancer Care in Tanzania: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study.

Journal Article JMIR Pediatr Parent · December 8, 2021 BACKGROUND: There is a 60% survival gap between children diagnosed with cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and those in high-income countries. Low caregiver knowledge about childhood cancer and its treatment results in presentation delays a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is the Differentiated Service Delivery Model Suited to the Needs of People Living with HIV in Rwanda?

Disclosure of HIV Status to Sexual Partners Among People With HIV in Singida Regional Referral Hospital of Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Food insecurity among university students in the United States amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Engagement in Care, Awareness, and Interest in Long-Acting Injectable Anti-Retroviral Therapy.

Cardiology Encounters for Underrepresented Racial and Ethnic Groups with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Borderline Cardiovascular Disease Risk.

Specialty Care Referral for Underrepresented Minorities Living with HIV in the United States: Experiences, Barriers, and Facilitators.

Nurse-Led Strategy to Improve Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Level Among People With HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Safety and efficacy of malaria vaccine candidate R21/Matrix-M in African children: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial.

Patient perspectives on the helpfulness of a community health worker program for HIV care engagement in Tanzania.

Black and White Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Have Similar Outcomes but Different Risk Factors.

Patient-Preference Diagnostics: Adapting Stated-Preference Methods to Inform Effective Shared Decision Making.

A world of choices: preference elicitation methods for improving the delivery and uptake of HIV prevention and treatment.

A Quantitative Framework for Medication Non-Adherence: Integrating Patient Treatment Expectations and Preferences.

Correlates of Blood Pressure Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among Adults 50 Years or Older by HIV Status in Northwestern Tanzania.

Perspectives of HIV specialists and cardiologists on the specialty referral process for people living with HIV: a qualitative descriptive study.

Predictors of Self-repackaging of Antiretroviral Therapy in Northern Tanzania.

Using geographic information systems to characterize food environments around historically black colleges and universities: Implications for nutrition interventions.

Is lack of health insurance a predictor of worsening of heart failure among adult patients attending referral hospitals in Northwestern Tanzania?

Using Patient Treatment Beliefs to Inform DCE Designs

Conference PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH · 2022 Cite

Caregiver Acceptability of Mobile Phone Use for Pediatric Cancer Care in Tanzania: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study.

Assessing the Influence of Community Health Worker Support on Early Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, Anticipated Stigma, and Mental Health Among People Living with HIV in Tanzania.

Journal Article AIDS Patient Care STDS · August 2021 In many low- and middle-income countries, community health workers (CHWs) support multiple aspects of HIV care, including patient education and counseling, adherence support, and re-engaging patients lost to care. In Tanzania, the Community-Based HIV Servi ... Full text Link to item Cite

The impact of out-of-pocket expenditures on missed appointments at HIV care and treatment centers in Northern Tanzania

Journal Article Global Health Journal · June 1, 2021 Background: Missed clinic appointments negatively impact clinic patient flow and health outcomes of people living with HIV (PLHIV). PLHIV likelihood of missing clinic appointments is associated with direct and indirect expenditures made while accessing HIV ... Full text Open Access Cite

Caregiver Acceptability of Mobile Phone Use for Pediatric Cancer Care in Tanzania: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study (Preprint)

Journal Article · February 16, 2021 BACKGROUNDThere is a 60% survival gap between children diagnosed with cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and those in high-income countries. Low caregiver knowledge about ... Full text Cite

Understanding constraints on integrated care for people with HIV and multimorbid cardiovascular conditions: an application of the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Journal Article Implement Sci Commun · February 12, 2021 BACKGROUND: People with HIV (PWH) experience increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Many PWH in the USA receive their primary medical care from infectious disease specialists in HIV clinics. HIV care teams may not be fully prepared to provide evidenc ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Perspectives of Chronic Disease Management Among Persons with HIV: A Qualitative Study.

Journal Article Patient Prefer Adherence · 2021 INTRODUCTION: Persons with HIV (PWH) are living to advanced age as a result of ART. These epidemiological changes highlight the importance of innovating chronic care delivery of PWH, but there is limited research regarding patient preferences for chronic c ... Full text Link to item Cite

PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STUDENTS AT INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING.

Journal Article Eur J Educ Stud · 2021 Students at higher institutions of learning are more susceptible to psychosocial problems compared to the general public. These may further be exacerbated by the measures put in place to curb the spread of COVID-19. This mixed methods study examined the fa ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Awareness of Cancer Risk Factors and Its Signs and Symptoms in Northern Tanzania: a Cross-Sectional Survey in the General Population and in People Living with HIV.

Journal Article J Cancer Educ · August 2020 An important component of cancer control programs for the growing burden in sub-Saharan Africa is a population's awareness of risk factors. Studies thereof have focused on single rather than multiple cancers and carcinogens. During March and April 2015, we ... Full text Link to item Cite

"If You Have No Money, You Might Die": A Qualitative Study of Sociocultural and Health System Barriers to Care for Decedent Febrile Inpatients in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Am J Trop Med Hyg · July 2020 Infectious diseases are a leading cause of mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) despite effective treatments. To study the sociocultural and health system barriers to care, we conducted a qualitative social autopsy study of patients who di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does Antiretroviral Therapy Packaging Matter? Perceptions and Preferences of Antiretroviral Therapy Packaging for People Living with HIV in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article Patient Prefer Adherence · 2020 INTRODUCTION: Despite improvements in treatment (eg, reduction in pill intake), antiretroviral therapy (ART) is dispensed in socially inefficient and uneconomical packaging. To make pills less conspicuous and decrease the risk of being stigmatized, people ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Prevention of cardiovascular disease for historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups living with HIV: A narrative review of the literature.

Journal Article Prog Cardiovasc Dis · 2020 Despite developments to improve health in the United States, racial and ethnic disparities persist. These disparities have profound impact on the wellbeing of historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups. This narrative review explores disparities by ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of a human-centered design approach to adapt a nurse-led cardiovascular disease prevention intervention in HIV clinics.

Journal Article Prog Cardiovasc Dis · 2020 Stakeholder-informed strategies addressing cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden among people living with HIV (PWH) are needed within healthcare settings. This study provides an assessment of how human-centered design (HCD) guided the adaptation of a nurse-l ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Why Do People Living with HIV Adhere to Antiretroviral Therapy and Not Comorbid Cardiovascular Disease Medications? A Qualitative Inquiry.

Journal Article Patient Prefer Adherence · 2020 BACKGROUND: After achieving viral suppression, it is critical for persons living with HIV (PLWH) to focus on prevention of non-AIDS comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) in order to enhance their quality of life and longevity of life. Despite ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Renal abnormalities and its associated factors among school-aged children living in Schistosoma mansoni endemic communities in Northwestern Tanzania.

Journal Article Trop Med Health · 2020 BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, renal abnormalities are a major public health concern, especially in children living in Schistosoma haematobium endemic areas. However, there is a dearth of data on renal abnormalities among children living in Schistosoma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Individual and partner characteristics associated with HIV testing and counseling uptake among individuals 50 years or older in Tanzania.

Journal Article Int J STD AIDS · December 2019 HIV prevention efforts have historically focused on people aged 15-49, despite mounting evidence of risk behavior and increased disease burden among older adults. We analyzed survey data from 600 adults ≥ 50 years in the Rombo District of Tanzania. Logisti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using Telehealth to Disseminate Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary CVD Interventions to Rural Populations.

Journal Article Curr Hypertens Rep · November 7, 2019 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This study aims to review the evidence on telehealth interventions in rural communities that use primary, secondary, or tertiary strategies for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD). RECENT FINDINGS: Studies focus ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rationale and design of a nurse-led intervention to extend the HIV treatment cascade for cardiovascular disease prevention trial (EXTRA-CVD).

Journal Article Am Heart J · October 2019 Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are at increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In spite of this, uptake of evidence-based clinical interventions for ASCVD risk reduction in the HIV clinic setting is sub-op ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Opportunities to Leverage Telehealth Approaches Along the Hypertension Control Cascade in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Journal Article Curr Hypertens Rep · August 26, 2019 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the current literature on use of telehealth at different stages of the hypertension control cascade in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and to discuss opportunities to harness technology infrastructure in SSA to improve population-leve ... Full text Link to item Cite

Does antiretroviral therapy packaging matter? Perceptions and preferences of antiretroviral therapy packaging for people living with HIV in Northern Tanzania.

Journal Article · 2019 Background: Despite improvements in treatment (e.g., reduction in pill intake), antiretroviral therapy (ART) is dispensed in socially inefficient and uneconomical packaging. To make pills less conspicuous and decrease the risk of being stigmatize ... Full text Cite

Risk factors for human acute leptospirosis in northern Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS Negl Trop Dis · June 2018 INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is a major cause of febrile illness in Africa but little is known about risk factors for human infection. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate risk factors for acute leptospirosis and Leptospira seropositivity amo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Patient-Initiated Repackaging of Antiretroviral Therapy, Viral Suppression and Drug Resistance.

Journal Article AIDS Behav · May 2018 Patient-initiated repackaging of antiretroviral therapy (ART) refers to removal of ART medications from their original manufacturer's containers, and putting them into alternative containers. This behavior may be triggered by stigma associated with HIV inf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Building Clinical Clerkships Capacity in a Resource-limited Setting: The Case of the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College in Tanzania.

Journal Article Ann Glob Health · April 30, 2018 BACKGROUND: The shortage of medical doctors in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has resulted in increased enrolment in medical schools, which has not been matched with increased faculty size or physical infrastructure. This process has led to overcrowding and poss ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk Factors for Human Brucellosis in Northern Tanzania.

Conference Am J Trop Med Hyg · February 2018 Little is known about the epidemiology of human brucellosis in sub-Saharan Africa. This hampers prevention and control efforts at the individual and population levels. To evaluate risk factors for brucellosis in northern Tanzania, we conducted a study of p ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sociocultural and health system factors associated with mortality among febrile inpatients in Tanzania: a prospective social biopsy cohort study.

Journal Article BMJ Glob Health · 2018 INTRODUCTION: Communicable diseases are the leading causes of death in Tanzania despite the existence of effective treatment tools. We aimed to assess the sociocultural and health system factors associated with mortality from febrile illness in northern Ta ... Full text Link to item Cite

ASSESSING THE NON-BIOLOGIC CONTRIBUTORS TO MORTALITY AMONG INPATIENTS WITH FEBRILE ILLNESS IN TANZANIA: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT SOCIAL BIOPSY STUDY

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE · January 1, 2017 Link to item Cite

Implementation of a Learning Management System for Medical Students: A Case Study of Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College.

Journal Article MedEdPublish (2016) · 2017 This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Learning Management Systems (LMS) are powerful tools for the organization and presentation of curricular learning materials, for monitoring of student and faculty members performance, and fo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation and Quality Assessment of the Kilimanjaro Cancer Registry.

Journal Article J Glob Oncol · December 2016 PURPOSE: Global cancer burden has increasingly shifted to low- and middle-income countries and is particularly pronounced in Africa. There remains a lack of comprehensive cancer information as a result of limited cancer registry development. In Moshi, Tanz ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Challenges of Maintaining Good Clinical Laboratory Practices in Low-Resource Settings: A Health Program Evaluation Framework Case Study From East Africa.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · August 2016 OBJECTIVES: Using a clinical research laboratory as a case study, we sought to characterize barriers to maintaining Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) services in a developing world setting. METHODS: Using a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevent ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Association of knowledge on ART line of treatment, scarcity of treatment options and adherence.

Journal Article BMC Health Serv Res · July 15, 2016 BACKGROUND: Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is critical piece in the management of HIV infected patients. Despite the benefits of ART, non-adherence to ART persists. This study explores association between patient's knowledge of the ART line of t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pregnancy history and current use of contraception among women of reproductive age in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda: analysis of demographic and health survey data.

Journal Article BMJ Open · March 10, 2016 OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between pregnancy history and the use of contraception among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in East Africa. METHODS: Demographic and Health Surveys data from Burundi (2010), Kenya (2008-2009), Rwanda (2010), ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation and quality assessment of the Kilimanjaro Cancer Registry.

Conference Journal of Clinical Oncology · March 1, 2016 266 Background: The global cancer burden has increasingly shifted to low and middle-income countries and is particularly pronounced in Africa. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive information about cancer incidence due ... Full text Cite

Enhancing future acceptance of rural placement in Tanzania through peripheral hospital rotations for medical students.

Journal Article BMC Med Educ · February 9, 2016 BACKGROUND: Mal-distribution of health care workers is a global health challenge that exacerbates health disparities, especially in resource-limited settings. Interventions to mitigate the problem have targeted qualified personnel with little focus on medi ... Full text Link to item Cite

THE CHALLENGES OF MAINTAINING GOOD CLINICAL LABORATORY PRACTICES IN LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS: A HEALTH PROGRAM EVALUATION FRAMEWORK CASE STUDY FROM EAST AFRICA

Conference AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE · October 1, 2015 Link to item Cite

Modernizing and transforming medical education at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College.

Journal Article Acad Med · August 2014 The Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University (KCMU) College and the Medical Education Partnership Initiative (MEPI) are addressing the crisis in Tanzanian health care manpower by modernizing the college's medical education with new tools and techniques. Wi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sustainability of cancer registration in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania--a qualitative assessment.

Journal Article World Health Popul · 2014 The projected cancer burden in Africa demands a comprehensive surveillance strategy. Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) is developing a population-based cancer registry, and understanding stakeholders' perceptions of factors impacting cancer regis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cancer registration needs assessment at a tertiary medical centre in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Journal Article World Health Popul · 2013 Cancer burden is increasing in Africa more than in any other continent, but population-based tracking of cancer incidence is incomplete. Cancer registries can improve understanding of cancer incidence. To assess organizational readiness to sustain registry ... Full text Link to item Cite

Etiology of severe non-malaria febrile illness in Northern Tanzania: a prospective cohort study.

Journal Article PLoS Negl Trop Dis · 2013 INTRODUCTION: The syndrome of fever is a commonly presenting complaint among persons seeking healthcare in low-resource areas, yet the public health community has not approached fever in a comprehensive manner. In many areas, malaria is over-diagnosed, and ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Assessment of cancer registries (CR) in low- and middle-income countries (LMCs)

Conference JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY · May 20, 2012 Link to item Cite

Who tests, who doesn't, and why? Uptake of mobile HIV counseling and testing in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania.

Journal Article PLoS One · January 31, 2011 BACKGROUND: Optimally, expanded HIV testing programs should reduce barriers to testing while attracting new and high-risk testers. We assessed barriers to testing and HIV risk among clients participating in mobile voluntary counseling and testing (MVCT) ca ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite