Christine M Everett | Scholars@Duke

Christine M Everett
Adjunct Professor in the Department of Population Health Sciences

Dr. Everett joined the faculty of the Department of Community and Family Medicine at Duke University in August 2013 and gained a secondary appointment in the Department of Population Health in 2018. Prior to joining the faculty, she worked clinically in emergency departments in rural Wisconsin. Prior to becoming a physician assistant (PA), Dr. Everett worked in research at the National Institutes of Health and public health policy at the Food and Drug Administration.

Dr. Everett’s current research initiatives focus on healthcare team design and the impact on patient, provider, and organizational outcomes. Recent work has focused on understanding the role of primary care PAs and nurse practitioners (NPs) and how they relate to outcomes for patients with diabetes. Her work has been published in a variety of journals including Health Affairs, Journal of Rural Health , Medical Care Research and Review, and BMC Family Practice. She completed the first comparative effectiveness study of primary care PAs and NPs and has become the first PA faculty in the US to receive grant funding from the National Institutes of Health.

Nationally, Christine has served on a range of governmental and non-governmental groups, including the Healthy People 2010 Workgroup, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Primary Care Team Workforce Models Workgroup, and the American Academy of Physician Assistant Research Council. She is currently a member of the advisory board for the Center for Professionalism & Value in Healthcare and the Associate Editor for Research for the Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Adjunct Professor in the Department of Population Health Sciences, Population Health Sciences, Basic Science Departments 2022

Contact Information

Box 104780, Durham, NC 27710
christine.everett@duke.edu

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Wisconsin - Madison 2012
- P.A.- C., University of Wisconsin - Madison 2007
- M.P.H., Johns Hopkins University 1998
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Professor in Family Medicine and Community Health, Family Medicine and Community Health, Physician Assistant Program, Family Medicine and Community Health 2021 - 2022
- Associate Professor in Population Health Sciences, Population Health Sciences, Basic Science Departments 2020 - 2022
- Associate Professor in Family Medicine and Community Health, Family Medicine and Community Health, Physician Assistant Program, Family Medicine and Community Health 2017 - 2020
- Associate Professor in Population Health Sciences, Population Health Sciences, Basic Science Departments 2018 - 2020
- Assistant Professor in Community and Family Medicine, Family Medicine and Community Health, Physician Assistant Program, Family Medicine and Community Health 2013 - 2017
Expertise
Subject Headings
Research
Selected Grants
- Impact of Primary Care Clinician Interdependence and Coordination on Quality of Care Delivered to Complex Older Patients with Diabetes awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2022
- Best Practices in On-boarding Physician Assistants awarded by Physician Assistant Education Association 2018 - 2020
- Physician Assistant and Nurse Practitioner Roles in Patient-Centered Medical Homes awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2014 - 2016
- A national and state level analysis of job openings for physician assistants awarded by Physician Assistant Education Association 2015 - 2016
- Accessing Patient Care in a Changing Environment: patient preferences and perceptions awarded by Physician Assistant Education Association 2015
External Relationships
- FA Davis Company
- Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants
- PA History Society
- SullivanCotter
- The Center for Professionalism & Value in Health Care
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Everett, Christine M., Jacob Christy, Perri A. Morgan, Sharron L. Docherty, Valerie A. Smith, John B. Anderson, Anthony Viera, and George L. Jackson. “When is caring sharing? Primary care provider interdependence and continuity of care.” Jaapa 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000902896.51294.47.
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  - Batchelder, Heather R., Brandi Tuttle, Hilary Barnes, Asefeh Faraz Covelli, Christine Everett, George L. Jackson, Lorraine Anglin, Nathalie Ortiz Pate, and Perri Morgan. “Transition-to-practice programs for newly graduated advanced practice registered nurses and physician assistants: a scoping review protocol.” Jbi Evid Synth 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 3001–8. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-21-00380.
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  - Everett, Christine M., Sharron L. Docherty, Elaine Matheson, Perri A. Morgan, Ashley Price, Jacob Christy, Lloyd Michener, et al. “Teaming up in primary care: Membership boundaries, interdependence, and coordination.” Jaapa 35, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000805840.00477.58.
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  - Gillette, Chris, Jan Ostermann, Sarah Garvick, Jennifer Momen, Chris Everett, Ginger Boles, and Sonia Crandall. “A Cross-Sectional, Mixed-Methods Analysis to Identify the Relative Importance of Factors Students and Providers Evaluate When Making a Job Choice.” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 33, no. 4 (January 2022): 1891–1904. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2022.0144.
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  - Valentin, Virginia L., Shahpar Najmabadi, and C. Everett. “Cross-sectional analysis of US scope of practice laws and employed physician assistants.” Bmj Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e043972. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043972.
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  - Anglin, Lorraine, Mara Sanchez, Rita Butterfield, Rachel Rana, Christine M. Everett, and Perri Morgan. “Emerging practices in onboarding programs for PAs: Strategies for onboarding.” Jaapa 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000723932.21395.74.
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  - Valentin, Virginia L., Shahpar Najmabadi, Jeffery Jones, and Christine M. Everett. “State Scope of Practice Laws: An Analysis of Physician Assistant Programs and Graduates.” The Journal of Physician Assistant Education : The Official Journal of the Physician Assistant Education Association 31, no. 4 (December 2020): 179–84. https://doi.org/10.1097/jpa.0000000000000331.
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  - Sanchez, Mara, Lorraine Anglin, Rachel Rana, Rita Butterfield, Christine M. Everett, and Perri Morgan. “Emerging practices in onboarding programs for PAs: Program content.” Jaapa 33, no. 9 (September 2020): 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000694968.61482.e6.
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  - Smith, Valerie A., Perri A. Morgan, David Edelman, Sandra L. Woolson, Theodore S. Z. Berkowitz, Courtney H. Van Houtven, Cristina C. Hendrix, Christine M. Everett, Brandolyn S. White, and George L. Jackson. “Utilization and Costs by Primary Care Provider Type: Are There Differences Among Diabetic Patients of Physicians, Nurse Practitioners, and Physician Assistants?” Med Care 58, no. 8 (August 2020): 681–88. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000001326.
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  - Rana, Rachel, Melinda Blazar, Quincy Jones, Rita Butterfield, Christine M. Everett, and Perri Morgan. “PA job availability in primary care during 2014 and 2016.” Jaapa 33, no. 7 (July 2020): 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000668820.22981.be.
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  - Pittman, Patricia, Brandi Leach, Chris Everett, Xinxin Han, and Debra McElroy. “NP and PA Privileging in Acute Care Settings: Do Scope of Practice Laws Matter?” Medical Care Research and Review : Mcrr 77, no. 2 (April 2020): 112–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558718760333.
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  - Everett, Christine M., George L. Jackson, and Perri Morgan. “Why the science of healthcare delivery matters to practicing PAs.” Jaapa 33, no. 3 (March 2020): 51–53. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000654364.27617.38.
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  - Morgan, Perri, Mara Sanchez, Lorraine Anglin, Rachel Rana, Rita Butterfield, and Christine M. Everett. “Emerging practices in onboarding programs for PAs and NPs.” Jaapa 33, no. 3 (March 2020): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000654016.94204.2e.
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  - Jackson, George L., Sarah L. Cutrona, Amy Kilbourne, Brandolyn S. White, Christine Everett, and Laura J. Damschroder. “Implementation science: Helping healthcare systems improve.” Jaapa 33, no. 1 (January 2020): 51–53. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000615508.92677.66.
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  - Everett, Christine M., Perri Morgan, Valerie A. Smith, Sandra Woolson, David Edelman, Cristina C. Hendrix, Theodore Berkowitz, Brandolyn White, and George L. Jackson. “Primary care provider type: Are there differences in patients' intermediate diabetes outcomes?” Jaapa 32, no. 6 (June 2019): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000558239.06875.0b.
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  - Morgan, Perri A., Valerie A. Smith, Theodore S. Z. Berkowitz, David Edelman, Courtney H. Van Houtven, Sandra L. Woolson, Cristina C. Hendrix, Christine M. Everett, Brandolyn S. White, and George L. Jackson. “Impact Of Physicians, Nurse Practitioners, And Physician Assistants On Utilization And Costs For Complex Patients.” Health Aff (Millwood) 38, no. 6 (June 2019): 1028–36. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00014.
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  - Jackson, George L., Valerie A. Smith, David Edelman, Sandra L. Woolson, Cristina C. Hendrix, Christine M. Everett, Theodore S. Berkowitz, Brandolyn S. White, and Perri A. Morgan. “Intermediate Diabetes Outcomes in Patients Managed by Physicians, Nurse Practitioners, or Physician Assistants: A Cohort Study.” Ann Intern Med 169, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 825–35. https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-1987.
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  - Everett, Christine M., Perri Morgan, Valerie A. Smith, Sandra Woolson, David Edelman, Cristina C. Hendrix, Theodore Berkowitz, Brandolyn White, and George L. Jackson. “Interpersonal continuity of primary care of veterans with diabetes: a cohort study using electronic health record data.” Bmc Fam Pract 19, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 132. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-018-0823-5.
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  - Hudak, Nicholas M., April Stouder, and Christine M. Everett. “A Program's Analysis of Communication Methods With Clinical Preceptors.” J Physician Assist Educ 29, no. 1 (March 2018): 39–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/JPA.0000000000000184.
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  - Leach, Brandi, Margaret Gradison, Perri Morgan, Christine Everett, Michael J. Dill, and Justine Strand de Oliveira. “Patient preference in primary care provider type.” Healthc (Amst) 6, no. 1 (March 2018): 13–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjdsi.2017.01.001.
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  - Streilein, Annamarie, Brandi Leach, Christine Everett, and Perri Morgan. “Knowing Your Worth: Salary Expectations and Gender of Matriculating Physician Assistant Students.” J Physician Assist Educ 29, no. 1 (March 2018): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/JPA.0000000000000180.
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  - Morgan, Perri, Brandi Leach, Kristine Himmerick, and Christine Everett. “Job openings for PAs by specialty.” Jaapa 31, no. 1 (January 2018): 45–47. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000527701.08322.18.
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  - Leach, Brandi, Perri Morgan, Justine Strand de Oliveira, Sharon Hull, Truls Østbye, and Christine Everett. “Primary care multidisciplinary teams in practice: a qualitative study.” Bmc Fam Pract 18, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 115. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-017-0701-6.
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  - Everett, Christine M., and Alicia Quella. “Diffusion of PA innovation: Risk-taking vs. safe bet.” Jaapa : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 30, no. 6 (June 2017): 43–45. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000516351.58384.f3.
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  - Dehn, Richard W., Christine M. Everett, and Roderick S. Hooker. “Research on the PA profession: The medical model shifts.” Jaapa : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 30, no. 5 (May 2017): 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000515548.76484.39.
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  - Morgan, Perri, Kristine A. Himmerick, Brandi Leach, Patricia Dieter, and Christine Everett. “Scarcity of Primary Care Positions May Divert Physician Assistants Into Specialty Practice.” Med Care Res Rev 74, no. 1 (February 2017): 109–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558715627555.
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  - Morgan, Perri, Christine M. Everett, Valerie A. Smith, Sandra Woolson, David Edelman, Cristina C. Hendrix, Theodore S. Z. Berkowitz, Brandolyn White, and George L. Jackson. “Factors Associated With Having a Physician, Nurse Practitioner, or Physician Assistant as Primary Care Provider for Veterans With Diabetes Mellitus.” Inquiry 54 (January 1, 2017): 46958017712762. https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958017712762.
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  - Everett, Christine M., Perri Morgan, and George L. Jackson. “Primary care physician assistant and advance practice nurses roles: Patient healthcare utilization, unmet need, and satisfaction.” Healthc (Amst) 4, no. 4 (December 2016): 327–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjdsi.2016.03.005.
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  - Everett, Christine M., Perri Morgan, and George L. Jackson. “Patient characteristics associated with primary care PA and APRN roles.” Jaapa 29, no. 12 (December 2016): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000508217.65992.72.
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  - Everett, Christine M., Viviana Martinez-Bianchi, Perri Morgan, Margaret Gradison, Karen Hills, Nancy J. Weigle, Patricia McKelvey Dieter, Sharon Hull, Justine Strand de Oliveira, and Lloyd Michener. “Dr Carek's Commentary on Training PAs and NPs.” Fam Med 48, no. 9 (October 2016): 742–43.
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  - Morgan, Perri, Christine M. Everett, Katherine M. Humeniuk, and Virginia L. Valentin. “Physician assistant specialty choice: Distribution, salaries, and comparison with physicians.” Jaapa 29, no. 7 (July 2016): 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JAA.0000484301.35696.16.
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  - Hooker, Roderick S., Luppo Kuilman, and Christine M. Everett. “Physician Assistant Job Satisfaction: A Narrative Review of Empirical Research.” The Journal of Physician Assistant Education : The Official Journal of the Physician Assistant Education Association 26, no. 4 (December 2015): 176–86. https://doi.org/10.1097/jpa.0000000000000047.
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  - Morgan, Perri, Katherine M. Humeniuk, and Christine M. Everett. “Facilitating Research in Physician Assistant Programs: Creating a Student-Level Longitudinal Database.” J Physician Assist Educ 26, no. 3 (September 2015): 130–35. https://doi.org/10.1097/JPA.0000000000000030.
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  - Morgan, Perri, Christine Everett, and Esther Hing. “Nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and physicians in community health centers, 2006-2010.” Healthc (Amst) 3, no. 2 (June 2015): 102–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjdsi.2014.06.002.
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  - Thorpe, Carolyn T., Heather Johnson, Anna Legreid Dopp, Joshua M. Thorpe, Katie Ronk, Christine M. Everett, Mari Palta, et al. “Medication oversupply in patients with diabetes.” Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy : Rsap 11, no. 3 (May 2015): 382–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2014.09.002.
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  - Freund, Tobias, Christine Everett, Peter Griffiths, Catherine Hudon, Lucio Naccarella, and Miranda Laurant. “Skill mix, roles and remuneration in the primary care workforce: who are the healthcare professionals in the primary care teams across the world?” International Journal of Nursing Studies 52, no. 3 (March 2015): 727–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.014.
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  - Morgan, Perri, Christine M. Everett, and Esther Hing. “Time spent with patients by physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants in community health centers, 2006-2010.” Healthc (Amst) 2, no. 4 (December 2014): 232–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjdsi.2014.09.009.
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  - Everett, Christine M., Carolyn T. Thorpe, Mari Palta, Pascale Carayon, Valerie J. Gilchrist, and Maureen A. Smith. “The roles of primary care PAs and NPs caring for older adults with diabetes.” Jaapa : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 27, no. 4 (April 2014): 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000444736.16669.76.
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  - Everett, C. M., R. S. Hooker, and R. W. Dehn. “Commentaries on health services research.” Jaapa : Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 27, no. 2 (February 2014): 54–55. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jaa.0000442711.27879.ac.
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  - Everett, Christine, Carolyn Thorpe, Mari Palta, Pascale Carayon, Christie Bartels, and Maureen A. Smith. “Physician assistants and nurse practitioners perform effective roles on teams caring for Medicare patients with diabetes.” Health Affairs (Project Hope) 32, no. 11 (November 2013): 1942–48. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0506.
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  - Everett, Christine M., Carolyn T. Thorpe, Mari Palta, Pascale Carayon, Valerie J. Gilchrist, and Maureen A. Smith. “Division of primary care services between physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners for older patients with diabetes.” Medical Care Research and Review : Mcrr 70, no. 5 (October 2013): 531–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558713495453.
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  - Bartels, Christie M., Amy J. H. Kind, Carolyn T. Thorpe, Christine M. Everett, Rachel J. Cook, Patrick E. McBride, and Maureen A. Smith. “Lipid testing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and key cardiovascular-related comorbidities: a medicare analysis.” Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 42, no. 1 (August 2012): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2012.01.005.
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  - Thorpe, Carolyn T., Joshua M. Thorpe, Amy J. H. Kind, Christie M. Bartels, Christine M. Everett, and Maureen A. Smith. “Receipt of monitoring of diabetes mellitus in older adults with comorbid dementia.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 60, no. 4 (April 2012): 644–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03907.x.
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  - Hooker, Roderick S., and Christine M. Everett. “The contributions of physician assistants in primary care systems.” Health & Social Care in the Community 20, no. 1 (January 2012): 20–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2011.01021.x.
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  - Bartels, C. M., C. Everett, P. McBride, M. Smith, A. J. H. Kind, and M. Mell. “Reply.” Arthritis and Rheumatism 63, no. 11 (November 1, 2011): 3645–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30587.
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  - Hooker, Roderick S., James F. Cawley, and Christine M. Everett. “Predictive modeling the physician assistant supply: 2010-2025.” Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) 126, no. 5 (September 2011): 708–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/003335491112600513.
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  - Thorpe, Carolyn T., Grace E. Flood, Sally A. Kraft, Christine M. Everett, and Maureen A. Smith. “Effect of patient selection method on provider group performance estimates.” Medical Care 49, no. 8 (August 2011): 780–85. https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0b013e31821b3604.
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  - Bartels, Christie M., Amy J. H. Kind, Christine Everett, Matthew Mell, Patrick McBride, and Maureen Smith. “Low frequency of primary lipid screening among medicare patients with rheumatoid arthritis.” Arthritis and Rheumatism 63, no. 5 (May 2011): 1221–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.30239.
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  - Everett, Christine M., Jessica R. Schumacher, Alexandra Wright, and Maureen A. Smith. “Physician assistants and nurse practitioners as a usual source of care.” The Journal of Rural Health : Official Journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association 25, no. 4 (January 2009): 407–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2009.00252.x.
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Teaching & Mentoring
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Education, Training, & Certifications

Previous Appointments & Affiliations

Subject Headings

Selected Grants

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Selected Publications

Academic Articles

Recent Courses