Cameron R. Bass | Scholars@Duke

Cameron R. Bass
Associate Research Professor of Biomedical Engineering

Cameron R. 'Dale' Bass is an Associate Research Professor with Duke's Department of Biomedical Engineering and Director of the Injury and Othopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory.

A major research focus of Dr. Bass is the study of blast-related brain injury and injury mechanisms. Past research has concentrated air containing organs, such as the lungs and bowel. Results from the limited evidence of over 80 years of experimentation suggested that the brain tolerance for blast was much greater than the pulmonary tolerance for blast. However, recent anecdotal evidence suggests that many soldiers returning from combat have symptoms that are consistent with underlying brain injuries. The etiology for these injuries is unclear and may include a spectrum of sources from blunt impact injuries to post traumatic stress disorder to primary blast injuries.

The primary goals of this research are to:

determine injury thresholds for blast brain injury
identify injury mechanisms underlying blast brain injury

This research may help reduce the frequency of brain injury caused by blast events, help identify treatments for such injury, and provide the knowledge to develop better protective equipment to protect against such injuries. Many projects involve multi-disciplinary collaborations between BME, Duke University Medical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs, and other major research institutions.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Research Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2008
Faculty Network Member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, University Institutes and Centers 2014

Contact Information

255 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708
Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708-0281
dale.bass@duke.edu (919) 681-9979
Injury and Orthopedics Biomechanics Laboratory

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Virginia 1994
- B.S., University of Virginia 1980
Recognition
In the News
- AUG 23, 2017
  
  Confederate Submarine Crew Killed By Their Own Weapon
- MAY 22, 2017 Pratt School of Engineering
  
  Duke Joins $9.25M Project to Understand Concussion and Improve Recovery
- APR 8, 2013
  
  Teaching and Mentoring Excellence
Research
Selected Grants
- Experimental and Mathematical Biomechanics Injury Research awarded by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 2015 - 2020
- Novel auto antibody serum and cerebrospinal fluid Biomarkers in veterans with Gulf War Illness awarded by Department of Defense 2015 - 2018
- Development and Application of Novel Neurological Injury Assessment and Data Analysis Techniques awarded by Battelle Memorial Institute 2016 - 2018
- Reconstructing Concussion awarded by University of Pennsylvania 2017 - 2018
- Evaluation of Flesh Material Properties and Spinal Mechanics and Injury Thresholds at High Loading Rate for WIAMan awarded by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory 2013 - 2018
- Shear shock wave propagation in the brain: high frame-rate ultrasoundimaging, characterization, and simulations awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2015 - 2018
- Evaluation of Head Impact Sensor Systems in the Lacrosse Environment awarded by US Lacrosse 2015 - 2017
- Blast Induced Thresholds for Neuronal Networks (BITNeT) awarded by University of Pennsylvania 2010 - 2016
- Tracking Neurological Function in Warrior-Athletes: A Multidisciplinary Approach awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2014 - 2015
- Evaluation of Cervical Spine Mechanical Properties and Injury at High Loading Rate for WIAMan awarded by United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command 2012 - 2015
- Evaluation of Lumbar Spine Mechanical Properties and Injury at High Loading Rate for WIAMan awarded by United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command 2012 - 2015
- Assessment of helmet sensor performance awarded by U.S. Army Materiel Command 2012 - 2014
- High Speed 3D Strain Measurement for Blast Blunt and Ballistic Injury Biomechanics awarded by Office of Naval Research 2012 - 2013
- Mechanical Characterization of the Pediatric Head and Spine awarded by Department of Transportation 2008 - 2013
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Books
  - Bass, CR, and Yoganandan, N. Skull and facial bone injury biomechanics. January 1, 2015. Full Text
- Conference Papers
  - III, VE, Bass, CR, Meaney, DF, and III, MB. "DELAYED PRIMARY BLAST-INDUCED ELIMINATION OF LONG-TERM POTENTIATION IN RAT ORGANOTYPIC HIPPOCAMPAL SLICE CULTURES." June 15, 2015. Link to Item
  - Effgen, GB, Nammalwar, S, Bass, CR, Meaney, DF, and III, MB. "PRIMARY BLAST DOES NOT INCREASE VULNERABILITY OF BRAIN TO SUBSEQUENT PRIMARY BLAST OR GLUTAMATE EXPOSURE." June 15, 2014. Link to Item
  - Hue, CD, Cao, S, Bass, CR, Meaney, DF, and III, MB. "DEXAMETHASONE POTENTIATES RECOVERY OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER AFTER PRIMARY BLAST INJURY IN VITRO." June 15, 2014. Link to Item
  - III, VE, Villacorta, J, Bass, CR, Meaney, DF, and III, MB. "PRIMARY BLAST INJURY ELIMINATES LONG-TERM POTENTIATION IN RAT ORGANOTYPIC HIPPOCAMPAL SLICE CULTURES." June 15, 2014. Link to Item
  - Yu, AW, Bigler, BR, Wood, GW, Panzer, MB, Meaney, DF, III, MB, and Bass, CR. "IN VS. OUT: CONTROVERSIES IN SHOCK TUBE BLAST EXPERIMENTS." June 15, 2014. Link to Item
  - Bigler, BR, Yu, AW, and Bass, CR. "Planar wave propagation in shock tubes for replicating blast injury." January 1, 2014.
  - Cox, CA, Dibb, AT, Cutcliffe, HC, Nightingale, RW, Myers, BS, Vasavada, AN, Suderman, BL, and Bass, CR. "The influence of muscle modeling methods and paths on head and neck response." January 1, 2014.
  - Shridharani, JK, Schmidt, AL, Cox, CA, Bigler, BR, Knight, AE, and Bass, CR. "Dynamic failure localization in spinal specimens using acoustic emissions." January 1, 2014.
  - Vogel, E, Villacorta, J, Bass, CR, Meaney, DF, and Morrison, B. "Primary blast injury erases long term potentiation in rat brain organotypic hippocampal slices." January 1, 2014.
  - Berglund, K, Matthews, KA, Yu, AW, Yeo, M, Bass, CR, and Liedtke, W. "IN VITRO MODEL OF MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (MTBI) CAUSED BY AIR-BLAST IMPLICATES TREATABLE CHLORIDE DYSREGULATION." August 2013. Link to Item
  - Hue, CD, Cao, S, Bass, CR, Meaney, DF, and Morrison, B. "WINDOW OF HEIGHTENED VULNERABILITY TO REPETITIVE PRIMARY BLAST INJURY IN AN IN VITRO BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER MODEL." August 2013. Link to Item
  - III, VE, Effgen, GB, Bass, CR, Meaney, DF, and Morrison, B. "PRIMARY BLAST INJURY INDUCES ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN RAT ORGANOTYPIC HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES." August 2013. Link to Item
  - Wood, G, Panzer, M, Cox, C, and Bass, CR. "EFFECTS OF OVERPRESSURE DURATION ON BLAST NEUROTRAUMA RESEARCH." August 2013. Link to Item
  - Yu, AW, Wang, H, Matthews, K, Laskowitz, D, and Bass, CR. "A NOVEL MOUSE MODEL OF BLAST OF BLAST BRAIN INJURY: BLAST CONDITIONS SEEN IN THEATER." August 2013. Link to Item
- Journal Articles
  - Lance, RM, Stalcup, L, Wojtylak, B, and Bass, CR. "Air blast injuries killed the crew of the submarine H.L. Hunley." PloS one 12, no. 8 (January 2017): e0182244-. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Vogel, EW, Effgen, GB, Patel, TP, Meaney, DF, Bass, CRD, and Morrison, B. "Isolated Primary Blast Inhibits Long-Term Potentiation in Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures." Journal of neurotrauma 33, no. 7 (April 2016): 652-661. Full Text
  - Gayzik, FS, Marcus, IP, Danelson, KA, Rupp, JD, Bass, CR, Yoganandan, N, and Zhang, J. "A point-wise normalization method for development of biofidelity response corridors." Journal of biomechanics 48, no. 15 (November 2015): 4173-4177. Full Text
  - Loyd, AM, Nightingale, RW, Luck, JF, Song, Y, Fronheiser, L, Cutcliffe, H, Myers, BS, and Dale Bass, CR. "The compressive stiffness of human pediatric heads." Journal of biomechanics 48, no. 14 (November 2015): 3766-3775. Full Text
  - Adamski, KN, Loyd, AM, Samost, A, Myers, B, Nightingale, R, Smith, K, and Dale Bass, CR. "Pediatric Coronal Suture Fiber Alignment and the Effect of Interdigitation on Coronal Suture Mechanical Properties." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 43, no. 9 (September 29, 2015): 2101-2111. Full Text
  - Adamski, KN, Loyd, AM, Samost, A, Myers, B, Nightingale, R, Smith, K, and 'Dale' Bass, CR. "Pediatric Coronal Suture Fiber Alignment and the Effect of Interdigitation on Coronal Suture Mechanical Properties." Annals of biomedical engineering 43, no. 9 (September 2015): 2101-2111. Full Text
  - Lance, RM, and Bass, CR. "Underwater blast injury: a review of standards." Diving and hyperbaric medicine 45, no. 3 (September 2015): 190-199. (Review)
  - Hue, CD, Cho, FS, Cao, S, Dale Bass, CR, Meaney, DF, and Morrison, B. "Dexamethasone potentiates in vitro blood-brain barrier recovery after primary blast injury by glucocorticoid receptor-mediated upregulation of ZO-1 tight junction protein." Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 35, no. 7 (July 2015): 1191-1198. Full Text
  - Urbanczyk, CA, Palmeri, ML, and Bass, CR. "Material characterization of in vivo and in vitro porcine brain using shear wave elasticity." Ultrasound in medicine & biology 41, no. 3 (March 2015): 713-723. Full Text
  - Lance, RM, Capehart, B, Kadro, O, and Bass, CR. "Human Injury Criteria for Underwater Blasts." PLoS ONE 10, no. 11 (January 2015): e0143485-. Full Text
  - Rafaels, KA, Cutcliffe, HC, Salzar, RS, Davis, M, Boggess, B, Bush, B, Harris, R, Rountree, MS, Sanderson, E, Campman, S, Koch, S, and Dale Bass, CR. "Injuries of the head from backface deformation of ballistic protective helmets under ballistic impact." Journal of forensic sciences 60, no. 1 (January 2015): 219-225. Full Text
  - Loyd, AM, Nightingale, RW, Song, Y, Luck, JF, Cutcliffe, H, Myers, BS, and Bass, CD. "The response of the adult and ATD heads to impacts onto a rigid surface." Accident; analysis and prevention 72 (November 2014): 219-229. Full Text
  - Panzer, MB, Wood, GW, and Bass, CR. "Scaling in neurotrauma: how do we apply animal experiments to people?." Experimental neurology 261 (November 2014): 120-126. Full Text
  - Gullotti, DM, Beamer, M, Panzer, MB, Chen, YC, Patel, TP, Yu, A, Jaumard, N, Winkelstein, B, Bass, CR, Morrison, B, and Meaney, DF. "Significant head accelerations can influence immediate neurological impairments in a murine model of blast-induced traumatic brain injury." Journal of biomechanical engineering 136, no. 9 (September 2014): 091004-. Full Text
  - Effgen, GB, Vogel, EW, Lynch, KA, Lobel, A, Hue, CD, Meaney, DF, Bass, CRD, and Morrison, B. "Isolated primary blast alters neuronal function with minimal cell death in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures." Journal of neurotrauma 31, no. 13 (July 2014): 1202-1210. Full Text
  - Hue, CD, Cao, S, Dale Bass, CR, Meaney, DF, and Morrison, B. "Repeated primary blast injury causes delayed recovery, but not additive disruption, in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model." Journal of neurotrauma 31, no. 10 (May 2014): 951-960. Full Text
  - Meaney, DF, Morrison, B, and Dale Bass, C. "The mechanics of traumatic brain injury: a review of what we know and what we need to know for reducing its societal burden." Journal of biomechanical engineering 136, no. 2 (February 2014): 021008-. (Review) Full Text
  - Dibb, AT, Cutcliffe, HC, Luck, JF, Cox, CA, Myers, BS, Bass, CR, Arbogast, KB, Seacrist, T, and Nightingale, RW. "Pediatric head and neck dynamics in frontal impact: analysis of important mechanical factors and proposed neck performance corridors for 6- and 10-year-old ATDs." Traffic injury prevention 15, no. 4 (January 2014): 386-394. Full Text
  - Lee, C, Loyd, AM, Nightingale, R, Myers, BS, Damon, A, and Bass, CR. "Three-dimensional adult male head and skull contours." Traffic injury prevention 15, no. 4 (January 2014): 402-406. Full Text
  - Patel, TP, Gullotti, DM, Hernandez, P, O'Brien, WT, Capehart, BP, Morrison, B, Bass, C, Eberwine, JE, Abel, T, and Meaney, DF. "An open-source toolbox for automated phenotyping of mice in behavioral tasks." Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 8 (January 2014): 349-. Full Text
  - Urbanczyk, C, Palmeri, M, and Bass, CR. "Material characterization of in vivo and in vitro porcine brain using shear wave elasticity." IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS (December 1, 2013): 21-24. Full Text
  - Hue, CD, Cao, S, Haider, SF, Vo, KV, Effgen, GB, III, VE, Panzer, MB, Bass, CRD, Meaney, DF, and III, MB. "Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction after Primary Blast Injury in vitro." JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA 30, no. 19 (October 1, 2013): 1652-1663. Full Text Link to Item
  - Wood, GW, Panzer, MB, Shridharani, JK, Matthews, KA, Capehart, BP, Myers, BS, and Bass, CR. "Attenuation of blast pressure behind ballistic protective vests." Inj Prev 19, no. 1 (February 2013): 19-25. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dibb, AT, Cox, CA, Nightingale, RW, Luck, JF, Cutcliffe, HC, Myers, BS, Arbogast, KB, Seacrist, T, and Bass, CR. "Importance of muscle activations for biofidelic pediatric neck response in computational models." Traffic Inj Prev 14 Suppl (2013): S116-S127. Full Text Link to Item
  - Luck, JF, Nightingale, RW, Song, Y, Kait, JR, Loyd, AM, Myers, BS, and Bass, CRD. "Tensile failure properties of the perinatal, neonatal, and pediatric cadaveric cervical spine." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): E1-12. Full Text Link to Item
  - Luck, JF, Nightingale, RW, Song, Y, Kait, JR, Loyd, AM, Myers, BS, and Bass, CRD. "Tensile failure properties of the perinatal, neonatal, and pediatric cadaveric cervical spine." Spine 38, no. 1 (2013): E1-E12. Full Text
  - Luck, JF, Nightingale, RW, and Dale Bass, CR. "Compressive mechanical properties of the perinatal, neonatal and pediatric cervical spine." 2013 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (January 1, 2013): 655-662.
  - Panzer, MB, Myers, BS, and Bass, CR. "Mesh considerations for finite element blast modelling in biomechanics." Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 16, no. 6 (2013): 612-621. Full Text Link to Item
  - Wood, GW, Panzer, MB, Yu, AW, Rafaels, KA, Matthews, KA, and Bass, CR. "Scaling in blast neurotrauma." 2013 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (January 1, 2013): 549-558.
  - Schmidt, AL, Paskoff, G, Shender, BS, and Bass, CR. "Risk of lumbar spine injury from cyclic compressive loading." Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 37, no. 26 (December 15, 2012): E1614-E1621. Full Text Link to Item
  - Davis, MT, Loyd, AM, Shen, H-YH, Mulroy, MH, Nightingale, RW, Myers, BS, and Bass, CD. "The mechanical and morphological properties of 6 year-old cranial bone." J Biomech 45, no. 15 (October 11, 2012): 2493-2498. Full Text Link to Item
  - Cutcliffe, HC, Schmidt, AL, Lucas, JE, and Bass, CR. "How few? Bayesian statistics in injury biomechanics." Stapp Car Crash J 56 (October 2012): 349-386. Link to Item
  - Rafaels, KA, Bass, CRD, Panzer, MB, Salzar, RS, Woods, WA, Feldman, SH, Walilko, T, Kent, RW, Capehart, BP, Foster, JB, Derkunt, B, and Toman, A. "Brain injury risk from primary blast." J Trauma Acute Care Surg 73, no. 4 (October 2012): 895-901. Full Text Link to Item
  - Panzer, MB, Myers, BS, Capehart, BP, and Bass, CR. "Development of a finite element model for blast brain injury and the effects of CSF cavitation." Ann Biomed Eng 40, no. 7 (July 2012): 1530-1544. Full Text Link to Item
  - Mehlenbacher, A, Capehart, B, Bass, D, and Burke, JR. "Sound induced vertigo: superior canal dehiscence resulting from blast exposure." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93, no. 4 (April 2012): 723-724. Full Text Link to Item
  - Panzer, MB, Bass, CRD, Rafaels, KA, Shridharani, J, and Capehart, BP. "Primary blast survival and injury risk assessment for repeated blast exposures." J Trauma Acute Care Surg 72, no. 2 (February 2012): 454-466. Link to Item
  - Luck, JF, Bass, CR, Owen, SJ, and Nightingale, RW. "An apparatus for tensile and bending tests of perinatal, neonatal, pediatric and adult cadaver osteoligamentous cervical spines." J Biomech 45, no. 2 (January 10, 2012): 386-389. Full Text Link to Item
  - Mulroy, MH, Loyd, AM, Frush, DP, Verla, TG, Myers, BS, and Bass, CRD. "Evaluation of pediatric skull fracture imaging techniques." Forensic Sci Int 214, no. 1-3 (January 10, 2012): 167-172. Full Text Link to Item
  - Bass, CR, Panzer, MB, Rafaels, KA, Wood, G, Shridharani, J, and Capehart, B. "Brain injuries from blast." Ann Biomed Eng 40, no. 1 (January 2012): 185-202. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Capehart, B, and Bass, D. "Review: managing posttraumatic stress disorder in combat veterans with comorbid traumatic brain injury." J Rehabil Res Dev 49, no. 5 (2012): 789-812. (Review) Link to Item
  - Effgen, GB, Hue, CD, Vogel, E, Panzer, MB, Meaney, DF, Bass, CR, and Morrison, B. "A multiscale approach to blast neurotrauma modeling: Part II: Methodology for inducing blast injury to in vitro models." Frontiers in Neurology FEB (2012): 1-10. Full Text
  - Hue, CD, Vo, KV, Effgen, GB, III, EV, Panzer, MB, Bass, CRD, Meaney, DF, and III, BM. "Integrity disruption of an in vitro blood-brain barrier model following exposure to blast overpressure." 2012 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (2012): 379-390.
  - Kent, R, Lopez-Valdes, FJ, Lamp, J, Lau, S, Parent, D, Kerrigan, J, Lessley, D, Salzar, R, Sochor, M, Bass, D, and Maltese, MR. "Biomechanical Response Targets for Physical and Computational Models of the Pediatric Trunk." Traffic Injury Prevention 13, no. 5 (2012): 499-506. Full Text
  - Loyd, AM, Nightingale, RW, Song, Y, Luck, JF, Cutcliffe, H, Myers, BS, and Bass, CD. "Impact properties of adult and ATD heads." 2012 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings - International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (2012): 552-564.
  - Panzer, MB, Matthews, KA, Yu, AW, Morrison, B, Meaney, DF, and Bass, CR. "A Multiscale Approach to Blast Neurotrauma Modeling: Part I - Development of Novel Test Devices for in vivo and in vitro Blast Injury Models. (Published online)" Front Neurol 3 (2012): 46-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Schmidt, AL, Paskoff, G, Shender, BS, and Bass, CR. "Risk of lumbar spine injury from cyclic compressive loading." Spine 37, no. 26 (2012): E1614-E1621. Full Text
  - Shridharani, JK, Wood, GW, Panzer, MB, Capehart, BP, Nyein, MK, Radovitzky, RA, and Bass, CRD. "Porcine head response to blast. (Published online)" Front Neurol 3 (2012): 70-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Wood, GW, Panzer, MB, Shridharani, JK, Matthews, KA, Capehart, BP, Myers, BS, and Bass, CR. "Attenuation of blast pressure behind ballistic protective vests." Injury Prevention 19, no. 1 (2012): 19-25. Full Text
  - Rafaels, K, Bass, CRD, Salzar, RS, Panzer, MB, Woods, W, Feldman, S, Cummings, T, and Capehart, B. "Survival risk assessment for primary blast exposures to the head." J Neurotrauma 28, no. 11 (November 2011): 2319-2328. Full Text Link to Item
  - Panzer, MB, 'dale' Bass, CR, Rafaels, KA, Shridharani, J, and Capehart, BP. "Primary Blast Survival and Injury Risk Assessment for Repeated Blast Exposures." J Trauma (July 15, 2011). Full Text Link to Item
  - Medda, A, Shridharani, J, Bass, CD, and Chancey, VC. "Experimental modal analysis of the advanced combat helmet." ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2011 2 (2011): 9-15.
  - Loyd, AM, Nightingale, R, Bass, CR, Mertz, HJ, Frush, D, Daniel, C, Lee, C, Marcus, JR, Mukundan, S, and Myers, BS. "Pediatric head contours and inertial properties for ATD design." Stapp Car Crash J 54 (November 2010): 167-196. Link to Item
  - Bass, CR, Meyerhoff, KP, Damon, AM, Bellizzi, AM, Salzar, RS, and Rafaels, KA. "Drosophila melanogaster larvae as a model for blast lung injury." J Trauma 69, no. 1 (July 2010): 179-184. Full Text Link to Item
  - Bass, CR, Salzar, RS, Lucas, SR, Rafaels, KA, Damon, AM, and Crandall, JR. "Re-evaluating the neck injury index (NII) using experimental PMHS tests." Traffic Inj Prev 11, no. 2 (April 2010): 194-201. Full Text Link to Item
  - Damon, AM, Lessley, DJ, Salzar, RS, Bass, CR, Shen, FH, Paskoff, GR, and Shender, BS. "Kinematic response of the spine during simulated aircraft ejections." Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine 81, no. 5 (2010): 453-459. Full Text
  - Lamp, JF, Salzar, R, Kerrigan, J, Parent, D, Lopez-Valdez, F, Lau, S, Lessley, D, Kent, R, Luck, J, Loyd, A, and Bass, C. "Expansion and evaluation of data characterizing the structural behavior of the pediatric abdomen." Annals of advances in automotive medicine / Annual Scientific Conference .. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Scientific Conference 54 (January 1, 2010): 89-96.
  - Lamp, JF, Salzar, R, Kerrigan, J, Parent, D, Lopez-Valdez, F, Lau, S, Lessley, D, Kent, R, Luck, J, Loyd, A, and Bass, C. "Expansion and evaluation of data characterizing the structural behavior of the pediatric abdomen." Ann Adv Automot Med 54 (2010): 89-96. Link to Item
  - Lessley, DJ, Salzar, R, Crandall, J, Kent, R, Bolton, JR, Bass, CR, Guillemot, H, and Forman, JL. "Kinematics of the thorax under dynamic belt loading conditions." International Journal of Crashworthiness 15, no. 2 (2010): 175-190. Full Text
  - Parent, DP, Crandall, JR, Bolton, JR, Bass, CR, Ouyang, J, and Lau, SH. "Comparison of hybrid III child test dummies to pediatric PMHS in blunt thoracic impact response." Traffic Injury Prevention 11, no. 4 (2010): 399-410. Full Text
  - Rafaels, KA, Bass, CRD, Panzer, MB, and Salzar, RS. "Pulmonary injury risk assessment for long-duration blasts: A meta-analysis." Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care 69, no. 2 (2010): 368-374. Full Text
  - Wood, GW, Panzer, MB, Bass, CR, and Myers, BS. "Viscoelastic properties of Hybrid III head skin." SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 3, no. 1 (2010): 186-193. Full Text
  - Wood, GW, Panzer, MB, Bass, CR, and Myers, BS. "Viscoelastic properties of Hybrid III head skin." SAE Technical Papers (2010): 186-193. Full Text
  - Kent, R, Salzar, R, Kerrigan, J, Parent, D, Lessley, D, Sochor, M, Luck, JF, Loyd, A, Song, Y, Nightingale, R, Bass, CR, and Maltese, MR. "Pediatric thoracoabdominal biomechanics." Stapp car crash journal 53 (2009): 373-401.
  - Kent, RW, Woods, WA, Salzar, RS, Damon, AM, and Bass, CR. "The transient relationship between pressure and volume in the pediatric pulmonary system." Journal of Biomechanics 42, no. 11 (2009): 1656-1663. Full Text
  - Lucas, SR, Bass, CR, Crandall, JR, Kent, RW, Shen, FH, and Salzar, RS. "Viscoelastic and failure properties of spine ligament collagen fascicles." Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 8, no. 6 (2009): 487-498. Full Text
  - Lucas, SR, Salzar, RS, and Bass, CR. "Viscoelastic properties of spine ligament collagen fascicles." Proceedings of the ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, SBC2008 , no. PART B (2009): 917-918.
  - Panzer, MB, Bass, CR, Salzar, RS, Pellettiere, J, and Myers, B. "Evaluation of ear-mounted sensors for determining impact head acceleration." International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury - 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury, Proceedings (2009): 319-322.
  - Salzar, RS, Bass, CR, Lessley, D, Crandall, JR, Kent, RW, and Bolton, JR. "Viscoelastic response of the thorax under dynamic belt loading." Traffic Injury Prevention 10, no. 3 (2009): 290-296. Full Text
  - Salzar, RS, Bass, CRD, and Pellettiere, JA. "Improving earpiece accelerometer coupling to the head." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems 1, no. 1 (2009): 1367-1381.
  - Salzar, RS, Genovese, D, Bass, CR, Bolton, JR, Guillemot, H, Damon, AM, and Crandall, JR. "Load path distribution within the pelvic structure under lateral loading." International Journal of Crashworthiness 14, no. 1 (2009): 99-110. Full Text
  - Bass, CR', Rafaels, KA, Salzar, RS, Carboni, M, Kent, RW, Lloyd, MD, Lucas, S, Meyerhoff, K, Planchak, C, Damon, A, and Bass, GT. "Thoracic and lumbar spinal impact tolerance." Accident Analysis and Prevention 40, no. 2 (2008): 487-495. Full Text
  - Bass, CR, Crandall, JR, Salzar, RS, Rafaels, K, Damon, A, and Lucas, S. "Assessing the neck injury index (NII) using experimental cadaver tests." International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury - 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury, Proceedings (2008): 353-365.
  - Bass, CR, Rafaels, KA, and Salzar, RS. "Pulmonary injury risk assessment for short-duration blasts." Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care 65, no. 3 (2008): 604-615. Full Text
  - Bass, CR, Rafaels, KA, and Salzar, RS. "Pulmonary injury risk assessment for short-duration blasts." The Journal of trauma 65, no. 3 (2008): 604-615. Full Text
  - Bass, CR, Salzar, RS, Ash, JH, Ziemba, AA, Lucas, SR, Peterson, R, and Pierce, E. "Development of dynamics models for assessing spinal dynamics and injury from repeated impact in high speed planing boats." SAE Technical Papers (2008). Full Text
  - Brolin, K, Hedenstierna, S, Halldin, P, Bass, C, and Alem, N. "The importance of muscle tension on the outcome of impacts with a major vertical component." International Journal of Crashworthiness 13, no. 5 (2008): 487-498. Full Text
  - Lucas, SR, Bass, CR, Salzar, RS, Oyen, ML, Planchak, C, Ziemba, A, Shender, BS, and Paskoff, G. "Viscoelastic properties of the cervical spinal ligaments under fast strain-rate deformations." Acta Biomaterialia 4, no. 1 (2008): 117-125. Full Text
  - Salzar, RS, Bass, CR, Lessley, D, Crandall, JR, Kent, RW, and Bolton, JR. "Viscoelastic response of the thorax under dynamic belt loading." International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury - 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury, Proceedings (2008): 73-85.
  - Salzar, RS, Bass, CRD, and Pellettiere, JA. "Improving earpiece accelerometer coupling to the head." SAE Technical Papers (2008). Full Text
  - Bass, C, Salzar, R, Ash, J, Ziemba, A, Lucas, S, Peterson, R, Pierce, E, and Price, B. "Dynamics models for the assessment of spinal injury from repeated impact in high speed planing boats." International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury - 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury, Proceedings (2007): 397-400.
  - Bass, CR, Lucas, SR, Salzar, RS, Oyen, ML, Planchak, C, Shender, BS, and Paskoff, G. "Failure properties of cervical spinal ligaments under fast strain rate deformations." Spine 32, no. 1 (2007): E7-E13. Full Text
  - Bass, CR, Planchak, CJ, Salzar, RS, Lucas, SR, Rafaels, KA, Shender, BS, and Paskoff, G. "The temperature-dependent viscoelasticity of porcine lumbar spine ligaments." Spine 32, no. 16 (2007): E436-E442. Full Text
  - Kent, RW, Bass, CR, Woods, WA, Salzar, RS, Lee, SH, and Melvin, J. "The role of muscle tensing on the force-deflection response of the thorax and a reassessment of frontal impact thoracic biofidelity corridors." Proceedings Of The Institution Of Mechanical Engineers Part D-journal Of Automobile Engineering 220, no. D7 (July 2006): 853-868. (Academic Article)
  - Bass, CR, Donnellan, L, Salzar, R, Lucas, S, Folk, B, Davis, M, Rafaels, K, Planchak, C, Meyerhoff, K, Ziemba, A, and Alem, N. "A new neck injury criterion in combined vertical/frontal crashes with head supported mass." International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact - 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, Proceedings (2006): 75-91.
  - Bass, CR, Salzar, RS, Lucas, SR, Davis, M, Donnellan, L, Folk, B, Sanderson, E, and Waclawik, S. "Injury risk in behind armor blunt thoracic trauma." International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE 12, no. 4 (2006): 429-442.
  - Kent, RW, Bass, CR, Woods, WA, Salzar, RS, Lee, S-H, and Melvin, J. "The role of muscle tensing on the force-deflection response of the thorax and a reassessment of frontal impact thoracic biofidelity corridors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 220, no. 7 (2006): 853-868. Full Text
  - Salzar, RS, Bass, CR, Kent, R, Millington, S, Davis, M, Lucas, S, Rudd, R, Folk, B, Donnellan, L, Murakami, D, and Kobayashi, S. "Development of injury criteria for pelvic fracture in frontal crashes." Traffic Injury Prevention 7, no. 3 (2006): 299-305. Full Text
  - Bass, C, Salzar, R, Ziemba, A, Lucas, S, and Peterson, R. "The modeling and measurement of humans in high speed planing boats under repeated vertical impacts." International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact - 2005 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, Proceedings (2005): 397-408.
  - Bass, CD, Davis, M, Rafaels, K, Rountree, MS, Harris, RM, Sanderson, E, Andrefsky, W, DiMarco, G, and Zielinski, M. "A methodology for assessing blast protection in explosive ordnance disposal bomb suits." International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE. 11, no. 4 (2005): 347-361.
  - Peterson, R, and Bass, C. "Impact injury and the high speed craft acquisition process." RINA, Royal Institution of Naval Architects International Conference - Human Factors in Ship Design, Safety and Operation (2005): 143-150.
  - Song, X, Bass, CR, Pilkey, WD, and Wood, HG. "Mathematical model and numerical analysis of helmeted head subjected to high speed impact." Proceedings of the 2005 Summer Bioengineering Conference 2005 (2005): 713--.
  - Hayda, R, Harris, RM, and Bass, CD. "Blast injury research: Modeling injury effects of landmines, bullets, and bombs." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research , no. 422 (2004): 97-108.
  - Duma, S, Boggess, B, Bass, C, and Crandall, J. "Injury risk functions for the 5^th percentile female upper extremity." SAE Technical Papers (2003). Full Text
  - Kent, R, Bass, CR, Woods, W, Sherwood, C, Madeley, NJ, Salzar, R, and Kitagawa, Y. "Muscle Tetanus and Loading Condition Effects on the Elastic and Viscous Characteristics of the Thorax." Traffic Injury Prevention 4, no. 4 (2003): 297-314.
  - Bass, CR, Duma, SM, Crandall, JR, George, S, Kuppa, S, Khaewpong, N, Sun, E, and Eppinger, R. "Comparison of upper extremity test devices for the evaluation of frontal air bags." Proceedings Of The Institution Of Mechanical Engineers Part D-journal Of Automobile Engineering 216, no. D10 (2002): 795-803. (Academic Article)
  - Bass, CR, Duma, SM, Crandall, JR, George, S, Kuppa, S, Khaewpong, N, Sun, E, and Eppinger, R. "Comparison of upper extremity test devices for the evaluation of frontal air bags." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 10 (2002): 795-803.
  - Duma, SM, Jernigan, MV, Stitzel, JD, Herring, IP, Crowley, JS, Brozoski, FT, and Bass, CR. "The effect of frontal air bags on eye injury patterns in automobile crashes." Archives of Ophthalmology 120, no. 11 (2002): 1517-1522.
  - Duma, SM, Schreiber, PH, McMaster, JD, Crandall, JR, and Bass, CR. "Fracture tolerance of the male forearm: The effect of pronation versus supination." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 8 (2002): 649-654.
  - Duma, SM, Schreiber, PH, Mcmaster, JD, Crandall, JR, and Bass, CR. "Fracture tolerance of the male forearm: the effect of pronation versus supination." Proceedings Of The Institution Of Mechanical Engineers Part D-journal Of Automobile Engineering 216, no. D8 (2002): 649-654. (Academic Article)
  - Funk, JR, Crandall, JR, Tourret, LJ, MacMahon, CB, Bass, CR, Patrie, JT, Khaewpong, N, and Eppinger, RH. "The axial injury tolerance of the human foot/ankle complex and the effect of achilles tension." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 124, no. 6 (2002): 750-757. Full Text
  - Power, ED, Duma, SM, Stitzel, JD, Herring, IP, West, RL, Bass, CR, Crowley, JS, and Brozoski, FT. "Computer modeling of airbag-induced ocular injury in pilots wearing night vision goggles." Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine 73, no. 10 (2002): 1000-1006.
  - Stitzel, J, Duma, S, Boggess, B, Bass, C, and Crandall, J. "Frequency content analysis and filter class selection for the small female instrumented upper extremity." SAE Technical Papers (2002). Full Text
  - Butcher, J, Shaw, G, Bass, C, Kent, R, and Crandall, J. "Displacement measurements in the hybrid III chest." SAE Technical Papers (2001). Full Text
  - Bass, CR, Wang, C, and Crandall, J. "Error analysis of curvature-based contour measurement devices." SAE Technical Papers (2000). Full Text
  - Jr, JMG, Hendley, JO, Phillips, CD, Bass, CR, Mygind, N, and Winther, B. "Nose blowing propels nasal fluid into the paranasal sinuses." Clinical Infectious Diseases 30, no. 2 (2000): 387-391. Full Text
  - Bass, CR, Crandall, JR, Bolton, JR, Pilkey, WD, Khaewpong, N, and Sun, E. "Deployment of air bags into the thorax of an out-of-position dummy." SAE Technical Papers (1999). Full Text
  - Cheng, ZQ, Pilkey, WD, Crandall, JR, Bass, CR, and Darvish, K. "Limiting performance of helmets for the prevention of head injury." Shock And Vibration 6, no. 5-6 (1999): 299-320. (Academic Article)
  - Cheng, ZQ, Pilkey, WD, Crandall, JR, Bass, CR, and Darvish, K. "Limiting performance of helmets for the prevention of head injury." Shock and Vibration 6, no. 5 (1999): 299-320.
  - Duma, SM, Schreiber, PH, McMaster, JD, Crandall, JR, Bass, CR, and Pilkey, WD. "Dynamic injury tolerances for long bones of the female upper extremity." Journal of Anatomy 194, no. 3 (1999): 463-471. Full Text
  - Bass, CR, Crandall, JR, Wang, C, Pilkey, WD, and Chou, C. "Open-loop chestbands for dynamic deformation measurements." SAE Special Publications 1320 (1998): 15-22.
  - Bass, CR, Crandall, JR, Wang, C, Pilkey, WD, and Chou, C. "Open-loop chestbands for dynamic deformation measurements." SAE Technical Papers (1998). Full Text
  - Crandall, JR, Bass, CR, Duma, SM, and Kuppa, SM. "Evaluation of 5th percentile female hybrid III thoracic biofidelity during out-of-position tests with a driver air bag." SAE Special Publications 1333 (1998): 1-7.
  - Crandall, JR, Bass, CR, Duma, SM, and Kuppa, SM. "Evaluation of 5th percentile female Hybrid III thoracic biofidelity during out-of-position tests with a driver air bag." SAE Technical Papers (1998). Full Text
  - Morris, RA, Duma, SM, Bass, CR, Sieveka, EM, Pellettiere, JA, Crandall, JR, and Pilkey, WD. "Analysis of humerus orientation in upper extremity experiments with a deploying airbag." SAE Special Publications 1333 (1998): 15-22.
  - Morris, RA, Duma, SM, Bass, CR, Sieveka, EM, Pellettiere, JA, Crandall, JR, and Pilkey, WD. "Analysis of humerus orientation in upper extremity experiments with a deploying airbag." SAE Technical Papers (1998). Full Text
  - Rudd, RW, Crandall, JR, Bass, CR, Lynn, S, and Keller, J. "Lower extremity and brake pedal interaction in frontal collisions: sled tests." SAE Special Publications 1355 (1998): 75-81.
  - Rudd, RW, Crandall, JR, Bass, CR, Lynn, S, and Keller, J. "Lower extremity and brake pedal interaction in frontal collisions: Sled tests." SAE Technical Papers (1998). Full Text
  - Bass, CR, Crandall, JR, Dekel, E, Jordan, A, and Pilkey, WD. "A system for simulating structural intrusion in automobile full-frontal and frontal-offset crashes in the laboratory sled test environment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 5 (1997): 325-336.
  - Bass, CR, Dekel, E, Crandall, JR, Lange, M, and Pilkey, WD. "Experimental devices to simulate toepan and floorpan intrusion." SAE Special Publications 1264 (1997): 33-47.
  - Bass, CR, Dekel, E, Crandall, JR, Lange, M, and Pilkey, WD. "Experimental devices to simulate toepan and floorpan intrusion." SAE Technical Papers (1997). Full Text
  - Bass, CR, Duma, SM, Crandall, JR, Morris, R, Martin, P, Pilkey, WD, Hurwitz, S, Khaewpong, N, Eppinger, R, and Sun, E. "Interaction of air bags with upper extremities." Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings , no. P-315 (1997): 111-129.
  - Bass, CR, Duma, SM, Crandall, JR, Morris, R, Martin, P, Pilkey, WD, Hurwitz, S, Khaewpong, N, Eppinger, R, and Sun, E. "The interaction of air bags with upper extremities." SAE Technical Papers (1997). Full Text
  - Crandall, JR, Bass, CR, Pilkey, WD, Miller, HJ, Sikorski, J, and Wilkins, M. "Thoracic response and injury with belt, driver side airbag, and force limited belt restraint systems." International Journal of Crashworthiness 2, no. 1 (1997): 119-132.
  - Duma, SM, Bass, CR, Klopp, GS, Grillo, N, Micek, TJ, Crandall, JR, and Pilkey, WD. "A technique for using strain gauges to evaluate airbag interaction with cadaveric upper extremities." Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation 33 (1997): 47-52.
  - Sieveka, EM, Duma, SM, Pellettiere, J, Crandall, JR, Bass, CR, and Pilkey, WD. "Multi-body model of upper extremity interaction with deploying airbag." SAE Special Publications 1231 (1997): 239-244.
  - Sieveka, EM, Duma, SM, Pellettiere, J, Crandall, JR, Bass, CR, and Pilkey, WD. "Multi-body model of upper extremity interaction with deploying airbag." SAE Technical Papers (1997). Full Text
  - Bass, CR, Hall, GW, Crandall, JR, and Pilkey, WD. "The influence of padding and shoes on the dynamic response of dummy lower extremities." SAE Technical Papers (1996). Full Text
  - Crandall, JR, Pilkey, WD, Kang, W, and Bass, CR. "Sensitivity of occupant response subject to prescribed corridors for impact testing." Shock and Vibration 3, no. 6 (1996): 435-450.
  - Crandall, JR, Portier, L, Petit, P, Hall, GW, Bass, CR, Klopp, GS, Hurwitz, S, Pilkey, WD, Trosseille, X, Tarriere, C, and Lassau, J-P. "Biomechanical response and physical properties of the leg, foot, and ankle." Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings , no. P-305 (1996): 173-189.
  - Crandall, JR, Portier, L, Petit, P, Hall, GW, Bass, CR, Klopp, GS, Hurwitz, S, Pilkey, WD, Trosseille, X, Tarrière, C, and Lassau, J-P. "Biomechanical response and physical properties of the leg, foot, and ankle." SAE Technical Papers (1996). Full Text
  - Crandall, JR, Portier, L, Petit, P, Hall, GW, Bass, CR, Klopp, GS, Hurwitz, S, Pilkey, WD, Trosseille, X, Tarrière, C, and al, E. "Biomechanical response and physical properties of the leg, foot, and ankle." SAE Technical Papers (1996). Full Text
  - Bass, CR, and III, HGW. "On microwave experiments in dielectric media to simulate nuclear volumetric heating." Nuclear Technology 110, no. 2 (1995): 273-284.
  - Crandall, JR, Jordan, A, Bass, CR, Klopp, GS, Pilkey, WD, and Sieveka, EM. "Reproducing the structural intrusion of frontal offset crashes in the laboratory sled test environment." SAE Technical Papers (1995). Full Text
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