Daniel Oliver Schmitt | Scholars@Duke

Daniel Oliver Schmitt
Professor in the Department of Evolutionary Anthropology

My primary interest is in the evolution of primate locomotion. I am studying the mechanics of movement in primates and other vertebrates in the laboratory to understand the relationship between movement and postcranial morphology, and the unique nature of primates among mammals. Current projects include the origins of primate locomotion and the evolution of vertebrate bipedalism.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor in the Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Evolutionary Anthropology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2011
Associate of the Duke Initiative for Science & Society, Duke Science & Society, Initiatives 2017

Contact Information

203 Biological Sciences Buildi, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708
Duke Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708
daniel.schmitt@duke.edu (919) 684-5664
http://evolutionaryanthropology.duke.edu/people?Gurl=%2Faas%2FBAA&Uil=daniel.schmitt&subpage=profile
http://evolutionaryanthropology.duke.edu/research/animal-locomotion-lab

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., State University of New York at Stony Brook 1995
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Evolutionary Anthropology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2004 - 2011
- Chair, Evolutionary Anthropology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2009
- Chair, Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Basic Science Departments, School of Medicine 2007 - 2009
- Assistant Professor of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Basic Science Departments, School of Medicine 1997 - 2004
Recognition
In the News
- JUL 2, 2014 Science
  
  The amazing five-legged kangaroo
- MAR 30, 2014 Duke Research Blog
  
  Some Animals Move Through The Treetops With Help From A Stiff Back
- JAN 10, 2014 Duke Research Blog
  
  Blending Locomotion and Arthritis: An Interview with Daniel Schmitt
- NOV 13, 2013 Discovery News
  
  How many human body parts remain undiscovered?
Expertise
Global Scholarship
- Research
  - Viet Nam (Country)
Research
Selected Grants
- Doctoral Dissertation Research: Descent Locomotion Behavior in Primates awarded by National Science Foundation 2018 - 2020
- Collaborative Research: Biomechanical Significance of Bone Material Variation in the Primate Locomotor Skeleton awarded by National Science Foundation 2014 - 2019
- Ontogeny of Heel-strike in African Apes awarded by National Science Foundation 2015 - 2019
- Effects of Aging and Nutrition on Gait Mechanics: Interpretations of Skeletal and Muscular Material awarded by Wenner Gren Foundation 2015 - 2018
- The Effects of Vibration on Mouse Behavior 2015 - 2016
- Gait Mechanics of Inverted Walking: Implications for the Evolution of Suspensory Locomotion 2015
- Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: The Biomechanics of Vertical Clinging and Grasping in Primates awarded by National Science Foundation 2012 - 2014
- Gait Mechanics in Primate and Nonprimate Quadrupeds awarded by National Science Foundation 2005 - 2010
- Biomechanics and Inflammation in Osteoarthritis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2008
- Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Vertical Climbing Efficiency in Primates awarded by National Science Foundation 2005 - 2006
- DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Mechanical Properties and Functional Morphology of Mammalian Footpads awarded by National Science Foundation 2002 - 2004
- Mechanics of Fine Branch Locomotion in Primates and Opossums awarded by National Science Foundation 1999 - 2002
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Granatosky, Michael C., and Daniel Schmitt. “The mechanical origins of arm-swinging..” Journal of Human Evolution 130 (May 2019): 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.02.001.
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  - Miller, C. E., L. E. Johnson, H. Pinkard, P. Lemelin, and D. Schmitt. “Limb phase flexibility in walking: A test case in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).” Frontiers in Zoology 16, no. 1 (February 18, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-019-0299-8.
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  - Miller, Charlotte E., Henry Pinkard, Laura E. Johnson, and Daniel Schmitt. “Pitch control and speed limitation during overground deceleration in lemurid primates..” Journal of Morphology 280, no. 2 (February 2019): 300–306. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20944.
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  - Granatosky, Michael C., Daniel Schmitt, and Jandy Hanna. “Comparison of spatiotemporal gait characteristics between vertical climbing and horizontal walking in primates..” The Journal of Experimental Biology 222, no. Pt 2 (January 18, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.185702.
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  - Fabre, Anne-Claire, Michael C. Granatosky, Jandy B. Hanna, and Daniel Schmitt. “Do forelimb shape and peak forces co-vary in strepsirrhines?.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 167, no. 3 (November 2018): 602–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23688.
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  - Snyder, Megan L., and Daniel Schmitt. “Effects of aging on the biomechanics of Coquerel's sifaka (Propithecus coquereli): Evidence of robustness to senescence..” Experimental Gerontology 111 (October 2018): 235–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.019.
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  - Hughes-Oliver, C. N., D. Srinivasan, D. Schmitt, and R. M. Queen. “Gender and limb differences in temporal gait parameters and gait variability in ankle osteoarthritis..” Gait Posture 65 (September 2018): 228–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.07.180.
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  - Granatosky, Michael C., Aidan Fitzsimons, Angel Zeininger, and Daniel Schmitt. “Mechanisms for the functional differentiation of the propulsive and braking roles of the forelimbs and hindlimbs during quadrupedal walking in primates and felines..” The Journal of Experimental Biology 221, no. Pt 2 (January 22, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.162917.
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  - Zeininger, Angel, Daniel Schmitt, Jody L. Jensen, and Liza J. Shapiro. “Ontogenetic changes in foot strike pattern and calcaneal loading during walking in young children..” Gait & Posture 59 (January 2018): 18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.09.027.
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  - Queen, Robin M., Christopher T. Franck, Daniel Schmitt, and Samuel B. Adams. “Are There Differences in Gait Mechanics in Patients With A Fixed Versus Mobile Bearing Total Ankle Arthroplasty? A Randomized Trial..” Clin Orthop Relat Res 475, no. 10 (October 2017): 2599–2606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-017-5405-7.
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  - Hanna, Jandy B., Michael C. Granatosky, Pooja Rana, and Daniel Schmitt. “The evolution of vertical climbing in primates: evidence from reaction forces..” The Journal of Experimental Biology 220, no. Pt 17 (September 2017): 3039–52. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.157628.
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  - Granatosky, M. C., and D. Schmitt. “Forelimb and hind limb loading patterns during below branch quadrupedal locomotion in the two-toed sloth.” Journal of Zoology 302, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 271–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12455.
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  - Fabre, Anne-Claire, Judit Marigó, Michael C. Granatosky, and Daniel Schmitt. “Functional associations between support use and forelimb shape in strepsirrhines and their relevance to inferring locomotor behavior in early primates..” Journal of Human Evolution 108 (July 2017): 11–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.012.
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  - Gruss, Laura Tobias, Richard Gruss, and Daniel Schmitt. “Pelvic Breadth and Locomotor Kinematics in Human Evolution..” Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 300, no. 4 (April 2017): 739–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23550.
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  - Larsen, Roxanne J., William H. Jackson, and Daniel Schmitt. “Mechanisms for regulating step length while running towards and over an obstacle..” Hum Mov Sci 49 (October 2016): 186–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.07.002.
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  - Burgess, M Loring, Daniel Schmitt, Angel Zeininger, Shannon C. McFarlin, Adrienne L. Zihlman, John D. Polk, and Christopher B. Ruff. “Ontogenetic scaling of fore limb and hind limb joint posture and limb bone cross-sectional geometry in vervets and baboons..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 161, no. 1 (September 2016): 72–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23009.
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  - Queen, Robin M., Tawnee L. Sparling, and Daniel Schmitt. “Hip, Knee, and Ankle Osteoarthritis Negatively Affects Mechanical Energy Exchange..” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 474, no. 9 (September 2016): 2055–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-016-4921-1.
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  - Granatosky, Michael C., Cameron H. Tripp, Anne-Claire Fabre, and Daniel Schmitt. “Patterns of quadrupedal locomotion in a vertical clinging and leaping primate (Propithecus coquereli) with implications for understanding the functional demands of primate quadrupedal locomotion..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 160, no. 4 (August 2016): 644–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22991.
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  - Granatosky, Michael C., Cameron H. Tripp, and Daniel Schmitt. “Gait kinetics of above- and below-branch quadrupedal locomotion in lemurid primates..” The Journal of Experimental Biology 219, no. Pt 1 (January 2016): 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.120840.
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  - Johnson, Laura E., Jandy Hanna, and Daniel Schmitt. “Single-limb force data for two lemur species while vertically clinging..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 158, no. 3 (November 2015): 463–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22803.
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  - Schmitt, Daniel, Alexander Vap, and Robin M. Queen. “Effect of end-stage hip, knee, and ankle osteoarthritis on walking mechanics..” Gait & Posture 42, no. 3 (September 2015): 373–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.07.005.
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  - Hanna, Jandy B., Daniel Schmitt, Kristin Wright, Yonat Eshchar, Elisabetta Visalberghi, and Dorothy Fragaszy. “Kinetics of bipedal locomotion during load carrying in capuchin monkeys..” Journal of Human Evolution 85 (August 2015): 149–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.05.006.
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  - Rabey, Karyne N., Yao Li, John N. Norton, Randall P. Reynolds, and Daniel Schmitt. “Vibrating Frequency Thresholds in Mice and Rats: Implications for the Effects of Vibrations on Animal Health..” Ann Biomed Eng 43, no. 8 (August 2015): 1957–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-014-1226-y.
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  - Li, Yao, Karyne N. Rabey, Daniel Schmitt, John N. Norton, and Randall P. Reynolds. “Characteristics of Vibration that Alter Cardiovascular Parameters in Mice..” J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 54, no. 4 (July 2015): 372–77.
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  - Gruss, Laura Tobias, and Daniel Schmitt. “The evolution of the human pelvis: changing adaptations to bipedalism, obstetrics and thermoregulation..” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 370, no. 1663 (March 2015). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0063.
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  - Griffin, Nicole L., Charlotte E. Miller, Daniel Schmitt, and Kristiaan D’Août. “Understanding the evolution of the windlass mechanism of the human foot from comparative anatomy: Insights, obstacles, and future directions..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 156, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22636.
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  - Wunderlich, R. E., A. Tongen, J. Gardiner, C. E. Miller, and D. Schmitt. “Dynamics of locomotor transitions from arboreal to terrestrial substrates in Verreaux's sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi)..” Integrative and Comparative Biology 54, no. 6 (December 2014): 1148–58. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icu110.
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  - Granatosky, Michael C., Charlotte E. Miller, Doug M. Boyer, and Daniel Schmitt. “Lumbar vertebral morphology of flying, gliding, and suspensory mammals: implications for the locomotor behavior of the subfossil lemurs Palaeopropithecus and Babakotia..” Journal of Human Evolution 75 (October 2014): 40–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.011.
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  - Sparling, T. L., D. Schmitt, C. E. Miller, F. Guilak, T. J. Somers, F. J. Keefe, and R. M. Queen. “Energy recovery in individuals with knee osteoarthritis..” Osteoarthritis Cartilage 22, no. 6 (June 2014): 747–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.004.
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  - Granatosky, Michael C., Pierre Lemelin, Stephen G. B. Chester, James D. Pampush, and Daniel Schmitt. “Functional and evolutionary aspects of axial stability in euarchontans and other mammals..” Journal of Morphology 275, no. 3 (March 2014): 313–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20216.
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  - McNeill, Jenna N., Chia-Lung Wu, Karyne N. Rabey, Daniel Schmitt, and Farshid Guilak. “Life-long caloric restriction does not alter the severity of age-related osteoarthritis..” Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 36, no. 4 (January 2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-014-9669-5.
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  - Griffin, Nicole L., Charlotte Miller, Daniel Schmitt, and Kristiaan D’Août. “An investigation of the dynamic relationship between navicular drop and first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsal excursion..” Journal of Anatomy 222, no. 6 (June 2013): 598–607. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12050.
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  - O’Neill, M. C., and D. Schmitt. “Erratum: The gaits of primates: Center of mass mechanics in walking, cantering and galloping ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta ((1994) Journal of Experimental Biology 215 (1728-1739)).” Journal of Experimental Biology 215, no. 11 (June 1, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.074500.
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  - Somers, Tamara J., James A. Blumenthal, Farshid Guilak, Virginia B. Kraus, Daniel O. Schmitt, Michael A. Babyak, Linda W. Craighead, et al. “Pain coping skills training and lifestyle behavioral weight management in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled study..” Pain 153, no. 6 (June 2012): 1199–1209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.02.023.
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  - O’Neill, Matthew C., and Daniel Schmitt. “The gaits of primates: center of mass mechanics in walking, cantering and galloping ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta..” The Journal of Experimental Biology 215, no. Pt 10 (May 2012): 1728–39. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.052340.
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  - Allen, Kyle D., Brian A. Mata, Mostafa A. Gabr, Janet L. Huebner, Samuel B. Adams, Virginia B. Kraus, Daniel O. Schmitt, and Lori A. Setton. “Kinematic and dynamic gait compensations resulting from knee instability in a rat model of osteoarthritis..” Arthritis Res Ther 14, no. 2 (April 17, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/ar3801.
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  - Workman, C., and D. Schmitt. “Positional Behavior of Delacour's Langurs (Trachypithecus delacouri) in Northern Vietnam.” International Journal of Primatology 33, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-011-9547-2.
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  - Workman, C., and D. Schmitt. “Erratum to: Positional Behavior of Delacour's Langurs (Trachypithecus delacouri) in Northern Vietnam (Int J Primatol, 10.1007/s10764-011-9547-2).” International Journal of Primatology 33, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 38–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-012-9577-4.
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  - Allen, Kyle D., Mohammed F. Shamji, Brian A. Mata, Mostafa A. Gabr, S Michael Sinclair, Daniel O. Schmitt, William J. Richardson, and Lori A. Setton. “Kinematic and dynamic gait compensations in a rat model of lumbar radiculopathy and the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonism..” Arthritis Res Ther 13, no. 4 (August 26, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/ar3451.
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  - Hanna, Jandy B., and Daniel Schmitt. “Comparative Triceps Surae Morphology in Primates: A Review.” Anatomy Research International 2011 (July 28, 2011): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/191509.
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  - Hanna, Jandy B., and Daniel Schmitt. “Locomotor energetics in primates: gait mechanics and their relationship to the energetics of vertical and horizontal locomotion..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 145, no. 1 (May 2011): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21465.
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  - Hanna, J. B., and D. Schmitt. “Interpreting the Role of Climbing in Primate Locomotor Evolution: Are the Biomechanics of Climbing Influenced by Habitual Substrate Use and Anatomy?.” International Journal of Primatology 32, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 430–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-010-9479-2.
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  - Schmitt, Daniel, Ann C. Zumwalt, and Mark W. Hamrick. “The relationship between bone mechanical properties and ground reaction forces in normal and hypermuscular mice..” Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological Genetics and Physiology 313, no. 6 (July 2010): 339–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.604.
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  - Kivell, Tracy L., Daniel Schmitt, and Roshna E. Wunderlich. “Hand and foot pressures in the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) reveal novel biomechanical trade-offs required for walking on gracile digits..” The Journal of Experimental Biology 213, no. Pt 9 (May 2010): 1549–57. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.040014.
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  - Schmitt, D. “Primate Locomotor Evolution: Biomechanical Studies of Primate Locomotion and Their Implications for Understanding Primate Neuroethology,” February 1, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195326598.003.0003.
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  - Schmitt, Daniel, Laura T. Gruss, and Pierre Lemelin. “Brief communication: Forelimb compliance in arboreal and terrestrial opossums..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 141, no. 1 (January 2010): 142–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21145.
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  - Sims, Ershela L., Francis J. Keefe, Virginia B. Kraus, Farshid Guilak, Robin M. Queen, and Daniel Schmitt. “Racial differences in gait mechanics associated with knee osteoarthritis..” Aging Clin Exp Res 21, no. 6 (December 2009): 463–69.
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  - Nebel, Mary Beth, Ershela L. Sims, Francis J. Keefe, Virginia B. Kraus, Farshid Guilak, David S. Caldwell, Jennifer J. Pells, Robin Queen, and Daniel Schmitt. “The relationship of self-reported pain and functional impairment to gait mechanics in overweight and obese persons with knee osteoarthritis..” Arch Phys Med Rehabil 90, no. 11 (November 2009): 1874–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2009.07.010.
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  - Kivell, Tracy L., and Daniel Schmitt. “Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor..” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106, no. 34 (August 10, 2009): 14241–46. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901280106.
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  - Somers, Tamara J., Francis J. Keefe, Jennifer J. Pells, Kim E. Dixon, Sandra J. Waters, Paul A. Riordan, James A. Blumenthal, et al. “Pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear in osteoarthritis patients: relationships to pain and disability..” J Pain Symptom Manage 37, no. 5 (May 2009): 863–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.05.009.
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  - Sims, Ershela L., Julie M. Carland, Francis J. Keefe, Virginia B. Kraus, Farshid Guilak, and Daniel Schmitt. “Sex differences in biomechanics associated with knee osteoarthritis..” J Women Aging 21, no. 3 (2009): 159–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/08952840903054856.
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  - Pells, Jennifer J., Rebecca A. Shelby, Francis J. Keefe, Kim E. Dixon, James A. Blumenthal, Lara Lacaille, Jessica M. Tucker, Daniel Schmitt, David S. Caldwell, and Virginia B. Kraus. “Arthritis self-efficacy and self-efficacy for resisting eating: relationships to pain, disability, and eating behavior in overweight and obese individuals with osteoarthritic knee pain..” Pain 136, no. 3 (June 2008): 340–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.07.012.
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  - Hanna, Jandy B., Daniel Schmitt, and Timothy M. Griffin. “The energetic cost of climbing in primates..” Science (New York, N.Y.) 320, no. 5878 (May 2008). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155504.
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  - Bishop, Kristin L., Anita K. Pai, and Daniel Schmitt. “Whole body mechanics of stealthy walking in cats..” Plos One 3, no. 11 (January 2008). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0003808.
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  - Cartmill, M., P. Lemelin, and D. Schmitt. “Primate gaits and primate origins,” December 1, 2007, 403–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_12.
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  - Lemelin, P., and D. Schmitt. “Origins of grasping and locomotor adaptations in primates: Comparative and experimental approaches using an opossum model,” December 1, 2007, 329–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33507-0_10.
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  - Hutchinson, D., V. Ho, M. Dodd, H. N. Dawson, A. C. Zumwalt, D. Schmitt, and C. A. Colton. “Quantitative measurement of postural sway in mouse models of human neurodegenerative disease..” Neuroscience 148, no. 4 (September 21, 2007): 825–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.07.025.
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  - Cartmill, Matt, Pierre Lemelin, and Daniel Schmitt. “Understanding the adaptive value of diagonal-sequence gaits in primates: a comment on Shapiro and Raichlen, 2005..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 133, no. 2 (June 2007): 822–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20589.
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  - Hanna, J. B., J. D. Polk, and D. Schmitt. “Forelimb and hindlimb forces in walking and galloping primates..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 130, no. 4 (August 2006): 529–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20385.
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  - Schmitt, Daniel, Matt Cartmill, Timothy M. Griffin, Jandy B. Hanna, and Pierre Lemelin. “Adaptive value of ambling gaits in primates and other mammals..” The Journal of Experimental Biology 209, no. Pt 11 (June 2006): 2042–49. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02235.
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  - Stevens, Nancy J., Daniel O. Schmitt, Theodore M. Cole, and Lap-Ki Chan. “Technical note: out-of-plane angular correction based on a trigonometric function for use in two-dimensional kinematic studies..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 129, no. 3 (March 2006): 399–402. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20359.
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  - Zumwalt, Ann C., Mark Hamrick, and Daniel Schmitt. “Force plate for measuring the ground reaction forces in small animal locomotion..” Journal of Biomechanics 39, no. 15 (January 2006): 2877–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.10.006.
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  - Chi, Kai-Jung, and Daniel Schmitt. “Mechanical energy and effective foot mass during impact loading of walking and running..” Journal of Biomechanics 38, no. 7 (July 2005): 1387–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.06.020.
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  - Schmitt, Daniel, Michael D. Rose, Jean E. Turnquist, and Pierre Lemelin. “Role of the prehensile tail during ateline locomotion: experimental and osteological evidence..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 126, no. 4 (April 2005): 435–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20075.
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  - Vinyard, Christopher J., and Daniel Schmitt. “New technique for studying reaction forces during primate behaviors on vertical substrates..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 125, no. 4 (December 2004): 343–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10395.
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  - Schmitt, Daniel, and Pierre Lemelin. “Locomotor mechanics of the slender loris (Loris tardigradus)..” Journal of Human Evolution 47, no. 1–2 (July 2004): 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.006.
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  - Lemelin, Pierre, and Daniel Schmitt. “Seasonal variation in body mass and locomotor kinetics of the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius)..” Journal of Morphology 260, no. 1 (April 2004): 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10214.
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  - Schmitt, Daniel, and Jandy B. Hanna. “Substrate alters forelimb to hindlimb peak force ratios in primates..” Journal of Human Evolution 46, no. 3 (March 2004): 239–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.11.008.
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  - Kay, Richard F., Daniel Schmitt, Christopher J. Vinyard, Jonathan M. G. Perry, Nobuo Shigehara, Masanaru Takai, and Naoko Egi. “The paleobiology of Amphipithecidae, South Asian late Eocene primates..” Journal of Human Evolution 46, no. 1 (January 2004): 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.09.009.
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  - Lemelin, P., and D. Schmitt. “easonal variation in body mass and locomotor dynamics of the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius).” Journal of Morphology 260 (2004): 65–71.
  - Schmitt, D., and J. Hanna. “Substrate alters forelimb to hindlimb peak force ratios on primates.” Journal of Human Evolution 46 (2004): 237–52.
  - Schmitt, D., and P. Lemelin. “Locomotor mechanics of the slender loris..” Journal of Human Evolution 47 (2004): 85–94.
  - Schmitt, Daniel. “Evolutionary implications of the unusual walking mechanics of the common marmoset (C. jacchus)..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 122, no. 1 (September 2003): 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10214.
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  - Lemelin, P., D. Schmitt, and M. Cartmill. “Footfall patterns and interlimb co-ordination in opossums (Family Didelphidae): Evidence for the evolution of diagonal-sequence walking gaits in primates.” Journal of Zoology 260, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 423–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836903003856.
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  - Schmitt, Daniel. “Insights into the evolution of human bipedalism from experimental studies of humans and other primates..” The Journal of Experimental Biology 206, no. Pt 9 (May 2003): 1437–48. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00279.
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  - Schmitt, D., S. E. Churchill, and W. L. Hylander. “Experimental evidence concerning spear use in Neandertals and early modern humans.” Journal of Archaeological Science 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 103–14. https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0814.
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  - Schmitt, Daniel. “Mediolateral reaction forces and forelimb anatomy in quadrupedal primates: implications for interpreting locomotor behavior in fossil primates..” Journal of Human Evolution 44, no. 1 (January 2003): 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2484(02)00165-3.
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  - Schmitt, D. "Substrate Size Primate Forelimb Mechanics: Implications for Understanding the Evolution of Primate Locomotion." International Journal of Primatology 24, no. 5 (2003): 1023-1036. Full Text
  - Cartmill, M., P. Lemelin, and D. Schmitt. “Support polygons and symmetrical gaits in mammals.” Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136, no. 3 (November 1, 2002): 401–20. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00038.x.
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  - Krakauer, Elissa, Pierre Lemelin, and Daniel Schmitt. “Hand and body position during locomotor behavior in the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis)..” American Journal of Primatology 57, no. 3 (July 2002): 105–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.10038.
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  - Schmitt, Daniel, and Pierre Lemelin. “Origins of primate locomotion: gait mechanics of the woolly opossum..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 118, no. 3 (July 2002): 231–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10048.
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  - Schmitt, D., S. E. Churchill, and W. L. Hylander. “Experimental evidence concerning spear use in Neandertals and early modern humans..” Journal of Archaeological Sciences 30 (2002): 101–12.
  - Larson, S. G., D. Schmitt, P. Lemelin, and M. Hamrick. “Limb excursion during quadrupedal walking: How do primates compare to other mammals?.” Journal of Zoology 255, no. 3 (November 20, 2001): 353–65. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836901001455.
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  - Larson, S. G., D. Schmitt, P. Lemelin, and M. Hamrick. “Uniqueness of primate forelimb posture during quadrupedal locomotion..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 112, no. 1 (May 2000): 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(200005)112:1<87::aid-ajpa9>3.0.co;2-b.
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  - Larson, S. G., D. Schmitt, P. Lemelin, and M. Hamrick. “Uniqueness of primate forelimb posture during quadrupedal locomotion.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 112, no. 1 (2000): 87–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200005)112:1<87::AID-AJPA9>3.0.CO;2-B.
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  - Schmitt, D. “Compliant walking in primates.” Journal of Zoology 248, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 149–60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836999006020.
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  - Turnquist, J. E., D. Schmitt, M. D. Rose, and J. G. Cant. “Pendular motion in the brachiation of captive Lagothrix and Ateles..” American Journal of Primatology 48, no. 4 (January 1999): 263–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2345(1999)48:4<263::aid-ajp2>3.0.co;2-9.
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  - Hamrick, M. W., S. E. Churchill, D. Schmitt, and W. L. Hylander. “EMG of the human flexor pollicis longus muscle: implications for the evolution of hominid tool use..” Journal of Human Evolution 34, no. 2 (February 1998): 123–36. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1997.0177.
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  - Lemelin, P., and D. Schmitt. “The relation between hand morphology and quadrupedalism in primates..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 105, no. 2 (February 1998): 185–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199802)105:2<185::aid-ajpa6>3.0.co;2-u.
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  - Lemelin, P., and D. Schmitt. “The relation between hand morphology and quadrupedalism in primates.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 105, no. 2 (1998): 185–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2<185::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2-U.
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  - Schmitt, D. “Humeral Head Shape as an Indicator of Locomotor Behavior in Extant Strepsirhines and Eocene Adapids.” Folia Primatologica 67, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 137–51.
  - Schmitt, D. “Humeral head shape as an indicator of locomotor behavior in extant strepsirhines and Eocene adapids..” Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology 67, no. 3 (January 1996): 137–51. https://doi.org/10.1159/000157215.
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  - Schmitt, D., and S. G. Larson. “Heel contact as a function of substrate type and speed in primates..” American Journal of Physical Anthropology 96, no. 1 (January 1995): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330960105.
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  - Demes, B., S. G. Larson, J. T. Stern, W. L. Jungers, A. R. Biknevicius, and D. Schmitt. “The kinetics of primate quadrupedalism: "hindlimb drive" reconsidered.” Journal of Human Evolution 26, no. 5–6 (May 1, 1994): 353–74. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1994.1023.
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  - Schmitt, D. “Forelimb mechanics as a function of substrate type during quadrupedalism in two anthropoid primates.” Journal of Human Evolution 26, no. 5–6 (January 1, 1994): 441–57. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1994.1027.
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  - Schmitt, D., S. G. Larson, and J. T. Stern. “Serratus ventralis function in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops): are primate quadrupeds unique?.” Journal of Zoology 232, no. 2 (January 1, 1994): 215–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb01570.x.
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