Feng Gao | Scholars@Duke

Feng Gao
Professor of Medicine

Dr. Feng Gao is Professor of Medicine at Duke University. The Gao laboratory has a long-standing interest in elucidating the origins and evolution of human and simian inmmunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV), and in studying HIV/SIV gene function and pathogenic mechanisms from the evolutionary perspective. These studies have led to new strategies to better understand HIV origins, biology, pathogenesis and drug resistance, and to design new AIDS vaccines.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2016
Member of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Institutes and Centers 2016

Contact Information

244 Sands Bldg, Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710
Box 102359 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
feng.gao@duke.edu (919) 668-6433

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- M.D., Harbin Medical University (China) 1984
Duke Appointment History
- Member of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Institutes and Centers 2005 - 2016
- Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Medicine 2009 - 2016
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Institutes and Centers 2006 - 2009
- Associate Research Professor of Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Institutes and Centers 2002 - 2006
- Associate Research Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Medicine 2001 - 2002
Expertise
Global Scholarship
- Research
Research
Selected Grants
- Nonhuman Primate Core Virology Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development - Base awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2024
- Nonhuman Primate Core Virology Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development - Option 7-13 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2024
- EQAPOL - Years 2017 to 2024 - BASE awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2024
- Dissection of polyreactivity and neutralization activity of HIV-1 Abs awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2021
- Interdisciplinary Research Training Program in AIDS awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2020
- The Genitourinary Tract as a compartment and reservoir for HIV awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2020
- Innate antiviral factors in breast milk and the oral HIV-1 reservoir awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2020
- Role of neutralizing antibodies in HIV-1-infected and vaccinated mothers in MTCT awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2020
- Eqapol Opt 1 -2018-2019 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2019
- Broad neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 from RV217 participants awarded by Henry M. Jackson Foundation 2014 - 2018
- EQAPOL - 2016 to 2017 - Option 6 - VIRUS awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2017
- EQAPOL Option 5 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2017
- Invitro Function of DART Molecules (Base) awarded by MacroGenics, Inc. 2016 - 2017
- Critical domains for HIV-1 entry through atypical coreceptor usage awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2016
- A Magnetic Microparticle Kit for Cell Removal from Blood awarded by Luna Innovations Inc. 2015 - 2016
- Role of Virus Recombination in Multiple Drug Resistance awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2008
- A Universal Env Immunogen for all HIV-1 Subtypes awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2006
- NCRR FACSAria Cell Sorter awarded by National Center for Research Resources 2004 - 2006
- Immunogenicity of an HIV virus-like particle vaccine awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2006
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Conference Papers
  - Smith, CEP, Eudailey, J, Kumar, A, Stamper, L, Giorgi, E, Fouda, G, Mcguire, E, Gao, F, and Permar, S. "Infant Peripartum Transmitted-founder HIV-1 Variants are Resistant to Autologous Maternal Plasma Neutralization." October 2016. Link to Item
  - Wang, C, Jiang, C, Gao, N, Zhang, K, Liu, D, Wang, W, Cong, Z, Qin, C, Ganusov, VV, Kong, W, Yu, X, and Gao, F. "Partial Protection from Intravenous Challenge by an Integration-defective SIV Vaccine." October 2016. Link to Item
  - Hora, B, Gulzar, N, Chen, Y, Cai, F, Su, C, Karagiannis, K, Smith, K, Simonyan, V, Shah, SA, Ahmed, M, Sanchez, AM, Stone, M, Cohen, MS, Haynes, BF, Busch, MP, Mazumder, R, Denny, TN, and Gao, F. "Streamlined quasispecies and subtype analysis of HIV-1 sequences generated by high-throughput sequencing using the high-performance integrated virtual environment (HIVE)." July 2016. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Gao, F, Bonsignori, M, Liao, H, Kumar, A, Xia, S, Cai, F, Lu, X, Kozink, DM, Kwong, P, Zhou, T, Lynch, R, Alam, SM, Ferrari, G, Kelsoe, G, Sandrasegaram, G, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Montefiori, DC, Kamanga, G, Cohen, M, Braber, P, Korber, BT, Mascola, JR, Kepler, TB, and Haynes, BF. "Multiple Pathways of HIV-1 Autologous Neutralizing Antibodies Cooperate to Drive CD4 Binding Site Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Responses." November 1, 2013. Link to Item
  - Zhang, R, Moody, M, Alam, M, Yu, J, Santra, S, Kelsoe, G, Sekaran, S, Bhaskarabhatla, R, Wang, M, Gurley, T, Allen, A, Armand, L, Marshall, D, Whitesides, J, Sutherland, L, Scearce, R, Foulger, A, Cooper, M, Pritchett, J, Hogan, A, De, R, Stolarchuk, C, Solomom, E, Friberg, E, Yang, Y, Gao, F, Schmitz, J, Kepler, T, Haynes, B, and Liao, H. "Isolation of mAbs from Sorted Single B Cells by RT/PCR for Analysis of B Cell Responses to HIV-1 MPER Epitope in Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques." November 1, 2013. Link to Item
  - Bar, KJ, Decker, JM, Ganusov, VV, Li, H, McLellan, JS, Yang, Y, Pavlicek, JW, Keele, BF, Gao, F, Perelson, AS, Kwong, PD, Hahn, BH, and Shaw, GM. "Molecular targets and potency of HIV-1 neutralization revealed by dynamic assessment of transmitted/founder virus antibody recognition and escape." October 2010. Link to Item
  - Chen, Y, Yang, H, Zhang, T, Huang, X, Xu, X, Korber, B, Montefiori, D, Gao, F, and Wu, H. "Limited introductions and genetic variation of HIV-1 in a MSM cohort in China." October 2010. Link to Item
  - Pavlicek, JW, Kirchherr, JL, Hopper, J, Chen, S, Keele, BF, Li, H, Liu, MK, Goonetilleke, N, Kamanga, G, McMichael, A, Hahn, B, Haynes, B, and Gao, F. "Evolution of the Same HIV-1 Transmitted/Founder Virus in Two Hosts." October 2010. Link to Item
  - Shen, X, Dennison, M, Gao, F, Montefiori, DC, Verkoczy, L, Haynes, B, Alam, M, and Tomaras, G. "OA021-04. HIV-1 gp41 envelope MPER mutation altered epitope conformation in lipid and increased sensitivity to 2F5 and 4E10 neutralizing antibodies." October 22, 2009. Full Text
  - Gnanakaran, G, Bhattacharya, T, Daniels, M, Lapedes, A, Gao, F, Kumar, A, Li, M, Tang, H, Greene, K, Gao, H, Seaman, M, Haynes, BF, Montefiori, DC, and Korber, BT. "P04-54 LB. Genetic signature analysis identifies the CD4i region of gp120 as a determinant of broadly NAb responses in HIV-1-infected individuals." 2009.
  - Gnanakaran, G, Bhattacharya, T, Daniels, M, Lapedes, A, Gao, F, Kumar, A, Li, M, Tang, H, Greene, K, Gao, H, Seaman, M, Haynes, BF, Montefiori, DC, and Korber, BT. "Genetic signature analysis identifies the CD4i region of gp120 as a determinant of broadly NAb responses in HIV-1-infected individuals." 2009. Full Text Link to Item
  - Liao, L, Chen, X, Dixon, A, Munshaw, S, Moody, M, Zhang, R, Nagel, A, Foulger, A, Derosa, K, Parks, R, Mcparland, M, Whitesides, J, Marshall, D, Amos, J, Yang, Y, Gao, F, Shea, T, Margolis, D, Shaw, G, Markowitz, M, Denny, T, Kelsoe, G, Tomaras, G, Kepler, T, and Haynes, B. "P04-45. Characterization of the plasma cell repertoire in acute HIV-1 infection (AHI)." 2009.
  - Liao, L, Chen, X, Dixon, A, Munshaw, S, Moody, M, Zhang, R, Nagel, A, Foulger, A, Derosa, K, Parks, R, Mcparland, M, Whitesides, J, Marshall, D, Amos, J, Yang, Y, Gao, F, Shea, T, Margolis, D, Shaw, G, Markowitz, M, Denny, T, Kelsoe, G, Tomaras, G, Kepler, T, and Haynes, B. "P04-45. Characterization of the plasma cell repertoire in acute HIV-1 infection (AHI)." 2009. Full Text
  - Munshaw, S, Liao, H, Dixon, A, Chen, X, Nagel, A, Derosa, K, Parks, R, Amos, J, Whitesides, JF, Marshalls, DJ, Yang, Y, Gao, F, Tomaras, GD, Moody, MA, Kelsoe, GH, Shea, TC, Margolis, DM, Markowitz, M, Goepfert, P, Shaw, G, Haynes, BF, and Kepler, TB. "S021-04 OA. A large-scale analysis of immunoglobulin sequences derived from plasmablasts/plasma cells in acute HIV-1 infection subjects." 2009.
  - Munshaw, S, Liao, H, Dixon, A, Chen, X, Nagel, A, Derosa, K, Parks, R, Amos, J, Whitesides, JF, Marshalls, DJ, Yang, Y, Gao, F, Tomaras, GD, Moody, MA, Kelsoe, GH, Shea, TC, Margolis, DM, Markowitz, M, Goepfert, P, Shaw, G, Haynes, BF, and Kepler, TB. "A large-scale analysis of immunoglobulin sequences derived from plasmablasts/plasma cells in acute HIV-1 infection subjects." 2009. Full Text Link to Item
  - Shen, X, Dennison, M, Gao, F, Montefiori, D, Verkoczy, L, Haynes, B, Alam, M, and Tomaras, G. "OA021-04. HIV-1 gp41 envelope MPER mutation altered epitope conformation in lipid and increased sensitivity to 2F5 and 4E10 neutralizing antibodies." 2009. Full Text
  - Jiang, C, Chen, S, Eron, J, Menezes, P, Montefiori, D, Haynes, B, and Gao, F. "Functional Comparison of HIV-1 env Gene Quasispecies Populations from Acutely and Chronically Infected Individuals." October 2008. Link to Item
  - Kirchherr, JL, Hamilton, J, Lu, X, Kasongo, W, Chalwe, V, Mwanayanda, L, Musonda, RM, Korber, BT, Muldoon, M, Montefiori, D, Haynes, BF, and Gao, F. "Functional Analysis of the Quasispecies env Population in Individuals Infected with HIV-1 Subtype C Viruses." October 2008. Link to Item
- Journal Articles
  - Peng, BJ, Carlson, JM, Liu, MKP, Gao, F, Goonetilleke, N, McMichael, AJ, Borrow, P, Gilmour, J, Heath, SL, Hunter, E, Bansal, A, and Goepfert, PA. "Antisense-Derived HIV-1 Cryptic Epitopes Are Not Major Drivers of Viral Evolution during the Acute Phase of Infection." Journal of Virology 92, no. 19 (October 2018). Full Text
  - Wagh, K, Kreider, EF, Li, Y, Barbian, HJ, Learn, GH, Giorgi, E, Hraber, PT, Decker, TG, Smith, AG, Gondim, MV, Gillis, L, Wandzilak, J, Chuang, G-Y, Rawi, R, Cai, F, Pellegrino, P, Williams, I, Overbaugh, J, Gao, F, Kwong, PD, Haynes, BF, Shaw, GM, Borrow, P, Seaman, MS, Hahn, BH, and Korber, B. "Completeness of HIV-1 Envelope Glycan Shield at Transmission Determines Neutralization Breadth." Cell Reports 25, no. 4 (October 2018): 893-908.e7. Full Text
  - Shi, W, Kou, Y, Xiao, J, Zhang, L, Gao, F, Kong, W, Su, W, Jiang, C, and Zhang, Y. "Comparison of immunogenicity, efficacy and transcriptome changes of inactivated rabies virus vaccine with different adjuvants." Vaccine 36, no. 33 (August 2018): 5020-5029. Full Text
  - Dai, W, Wu, Y, Bi, J, Wang, J, Wang, S, Kong, W, Barbier, J, Cintrat, J-C, Gao, F, Jiang, Z, Gillet, D, Su, W, and Jiang, C. "Antiviral Effect of Retro-2.1 against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 In Vitro." Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 28, no. 6 (June 2018): 849-859. Full Text
  - Kou, Y, Wan, M, Shi, W, Liu, J, Zhao, Z, Xu, Y, Wei, W, Sun, B, Gao, F, Cai, L, and Jiang, C. "Performance of Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunization Regimens of Recombinant Adenovirus and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Expressing an Ag85B-TB10.4 Fusion Protein against Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 28, no. 6 (June 2018): 1022-1029. Full Text
  - Shi, W, Kou, Y, Jiang, H, Gao, F, Kong, W, Su, W, Xu, F, and Jiang, C. "Novel intranasal pertussis vaccine based on bacterium-like particles as a mucosal adjuvant." Immunology Letters 198 (June 2018): 26-32. Full Text
  - Song, H, Giorgi, EE, Ganusov, VV, Cai, F, Athreya, G, Yoon, H, Carja, O, Hora, B, Hraber, P, Romero-Severson, E, Jiang, C, Li, X, Wang, S, Li, H, Salazar-Gonzalez, JF, Salazar, MG, Goonetilleke, N, Keele, BF, Montefiori, DC, Cohen, MS, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, McMichael, AJ, Haynes, BF, Korber, B, Bhattacharya, T, and Gao, F. "Tracking HIV-1 recombination to resolve its contribution to HIV-1 evolution in natural infection." Nature Communications 9, no. 1 (May 15, 2018): 1928-null. Full Text
  - Kumar, A, Smith, CEP, Giorgi, EE, Eudailey, J, Martinez, DR, Yusim, K, Douglas, AO, Stamper, L, McGuire, E, LaBranche, CC, Montefiori, DC, Fouda, GG, Gao, F, and Permar, SR. "Infant transmitted/founder HIV-1 viruses from peripartum transmission are neutralization resistant to paired maternal plasma." Plos Pathogens 14, no. 4 (April 19, 2018): e1006944-null. Full Text
  - Dai, W, Wu, Y, Bi, J, Wang, S, Li, F, Kong, W, Barbier, J, Cintrat, J-C, Gao, F, Gillet, D, Su, W, and Jiang, C. "Antiviral Effects of ABMA against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 In Vitro and In Vivo." Viruses 10, no. 3 (March 9, 2018). Full Text
  - Gao, N, Wang, W, Wang, C, Gu, T, Guo, R, Yu, B, Kong, W, Qin, C, Giorgi, EE, Chen, Z, Townsley, S, Hu, S-L, Yu, X, and Gao, F. "Development of broad neutralization activity in simian/human immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques after long-term infection." AIDS (London, England) 32, no. 5 (March 2018): 555-563. Full Text
  - Gao, Y, Tian, W, Han, X, and Gao, F. "Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection: implications in vaccine design." Frontiers of medicine 11, no. 4 (December 2017): 480-489. (Review) Full Text
  - Williams, WB, Zhang, J, Jiang, C, Nicely, NI, Fera, D, Luo, K, Moody, MA, Liao, H-X, Alam, SM, Kepler, TB, Ramesh, A, Wiehe, K, Holland, JA, Bradley, T, Vandergrift, N, Saunders, KO, Parks, R, Foulger, A, Xia, S-M, Bonsignori, M, Montefiori, DC, Louder, M, Eaton, A, Santra, S, Scearce, R, Sutherland, L, Newman, A, Bouton-Verville, H, Bowman, C, Bomze, H, Gao, F, Marshall, DJ, Whitesides, JF, Nie, X, Kelsoe, G, Reed, SG, Fox, CB, Clary, K, Koutsoukos, M, Franco, D, Mascola, JR, Harrison, SC, Haynes, BF, and Verkoczy, L. "Initiation of HIV neutralizing B cell lineages with sequential envelope immunizations." Nature Communications 8, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 1732-null. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Liu, D, Wang, C, Hora, B, Zuo, T, Goonetilleke, N, Liu, MKP, Berrong, M, Ferrari, G, McMichael, AJ, Bhattacharya, T, Perelson, AS, and Gao, F. "A strongly selected mutation in the HIV-1 genome is independent of T cell responses and neutralizing antibodies." Retrovirology 14, no. 1 (October 10, 2017): 46-null. Full Text
  - Kou, Y, Xu, Y, Zhao, Z, Liu, J, Wu, Y, You, Q, Wang, L, Gao, F, Cai, L, and Jiang, C. "Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) signal sequence enhances immunogenicity of MVA-based vaccine against tuberculosis." Immunology Letters 190 (October 2017): 51-57. Full Text
  - Rademeyer, C, Korber, B, Seaman, MS, Giorgi, EE, Thebus, R, Robles, A, Sheward, DJ, Wagh, K, Garrity, J, Carey, BR, Gao, H, Greene, KM, Tang, H, Bandawe, GP, Marais, JC, Diphoko, TE, Hraber, P, Tumba, N, Moore, PL, Gray, GE, Kublin, J, McElrath, MJ, Vermeulen, M, Middelkoop, K, Bekker, L-G, Hoelscher, M, Maboko, L, Makhema, J, Robb, ML, Karim, SA, Karim, QA, Kim, JH, Hahn, BH, Gao, F, Swanstrom, R, Morris, L, Montefiori, DC, and Williamson, C. "Correction: Features of Recently Transmitted HIV-1 Clade C Viruses that Impact Antibody Recognition: Implications for Active and Passive Immunization." PLoS pathogens 13, no. 9 (September 25, 2017): e1006641-. Full Text
  - Su, W, Li, X, Chen, M, Dai, W, Sun, S, Wang, S, Sheng, X, Sun, S, Gao, C, Hou, A, Zhou, Y, Sun, B, Gao, F, Xiao, J, Zhang, Z, and Jiang, C. "Synonymous codon usage analysis of hand, foot and mouth disease viruses: A comparative study on coxsackievirus A6, A10, A16, and enterovirus 71 from 2008 to 2015." Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases 53 (September 2017): 212-217. Full Text
  - Dai, W, Wu, Y, Bi, J, Lu, X, Hou, A, Zhou, Y, Sun, B, Kong, W, Barbier, J, Cintrat, J-C, Gao, F, Gillet, D, Su, W, and Jiang, C. "Antiviral effects of Retro-2cycl and Retro-2.1 against Enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo." Antiviral Research 144 (August 2017): 311-321. Full Text
  - Meyerhoff, RR, Scearce, RM, Ogburn, DF, Lockwood, B, Pickeral, J, Kuraoka, M, Anasti, K, Eudailey, J, Eaton, A, Cooper, M, Wiehe, K, Montefiori, DC, Tomaras, G, Ferrari, G, Alam, SM, Liao, H-X, Korber, B, Gao, F, and Haynes, BF. "HIV-1 Consensus Envelope-Induced Broadly Binding Antibodies." Aids Research and Human Retroviruses 33, no. 8 (August 2017): 859-868. Full Text
  - Kijak, GH, Sanders-Buell, E, Chenine, A-L, Eller, MA, Goonetilleke, N, Thomas, R, Leviyang, S, Harbolick, EA, Bose, M, Pham, P, Oropeza, C, Poltavee, K, O'Sullivan, AM, Billings, E, Merbah, M, Costanzo, MC, Warren, JA, Slike, B, Li, H, Peachman, KK, Fischer, W, Gao, F, Cicala, C, Arthos, J, Eller, LA, O'Connell, RJ, Sinei, S, Maganga, L, Kibuuka, H, Nitayaphan, S, Rao, M, Marovich, MA, Krebs, SJ, Rolland, M, Korber, BT, Shaw, GM, Michael, NL, Robb, ML, Tovanabutra, S, and Kim, JH. "Rare HIV-1 transmitted/founder lineages identified by deep viral sequencing contribute to rapid shifts in dominant quasispecies during acute and early infection." Plos Pathogens 13, no. 7 (July 31, 2017): e1006510-null. Full Text
  - Wang, C, Jiang, C, Gao, N, Zhang, K, Liu, D, Wang, W, Cong, Z, Qin, C, Ganusov, VV, Ferrari, G, LaBranche, C, Montefiori, DC, Kong, W, Yu, X, and Gao, F. "Immunologic and Virologic Mechanisms for Partial Protection from Intravenous Challenge by an Integration-Defective SIV Vaccine." Viruses 9, no. 6 (June 2, 2017). Full Text
  - Liu, W, Zhou, Y, Wang, Z, Zhang, Z, Wang, Q, Su, W, Chen, Y, Zhang, Y, Gao, F, Jiang, C, and Kong, W. "Evaluation of recombinant adenovirus vaccines based on glycoprotein D and truncated UL25 against herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice." Microbiology and Immunology 61, no. 5 (May 2017): 176-184. Full Text
  - Bonsignori, M, Kreider, EF, Fera, D, Meyerhoff, RR, Bradley, T, Wiehe, K, Alam, SM, Aussedat, B, Walkowicz, WE, Hwang, K-K, Saunders, KO, Zhang, R, Gladden, MA, Monroe, A, Kumar, A, Xia, S-M, Cooper, M, Louder, MK, McKee, K, Bailer, RT, Pier, BW, Jette, CA, Kelsoe, G, Williams, WB, Morris, L, Kappes, J, Wagh, K, Kamanga, G, Cohen, MS, Hraber, PT, Montefiori, DC, Trama, A, Liao, H-X, Kepler, TB, Moody, MA, Gao, F, Danishefsky, SJ, Mascola, JR, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Harrison, SC, Korber, BT, and Haynes, BF. "Staged induction of HIV-1 glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies." Science Translational Medicine 9, no. 381 (March 2017). Full Text
  - Bonsignori, M, Liao, H-X, Gao, F, Williams, WB, Alam, SM, Montefiori, DC, and Haynes, BF. "Antibody-virus co-evolution in HIV infection: paths for HIV vaccine development." Immunological Reviews 275, no. 1 (January 2017): 145-160. (Review) Full Text
  - Williams, LD, Ofek, G, Schätzle, S, McDaniel, JR, Lu, X, Nicely, NI, Wu, L, Lougheed, CS, Bradley, T, Louder, MK, McKee, K, Bailer, RT, O'Dell, S, Georgiev, IS, Seaman, MS, Parks, RJ, Marshall, DJ, Anasti, K, Yang, G, Nie, X, Tumba, NL, Wiehe, K, Wagh, K, Korber, B, Kepler, TB, Munir Alam, S, Morris, L, Kamanga, G, Cohen, MS, Bonsignori, M, Xia, S-M, Montefiori, DC, Kelsoe, G, Gao, F, Mascola, JR, Moody, MA, Saunders, KO, Liao, H-X, Tomaras, GD, Georgiou, G, and Haynes, BF. "Potent and broad HIV-neutralizing antibodies in memory B cells and plasma." Science Immunology 2, no. 7 (January 2017). Full Text
  - Song, H, Hora, B, Giorgi, EE, Kumar, A, Cai, F, Bhattacharya, T, Perelson, AS, and Gao, F. "Transmission of Multiple HIV-1 Subtype C Transmitted/founder Viruses into the Same Recipients Was not Determined by Modest Phenotypic Differences." Scientific Reports 6 (December 2, 2016): 38130-null. Full Text
  - Bradley, T, Trama, A, Tumba, N, Gray, E, Lu, X, Madani, N, Jahanbakhsh, F, Eaton, A, Xia, S-M, Parks, R, Lloyd, KE, Sutherland, LL, Scearce, RM, Bowman, CM, Barnett, S, Abdool-Karim, SS, Boyd, SD, Melillo, B, Smith, AB, Sodroski, J, Kepler, TB, Alam, SM, Gao, F, Bonsignori, M, Liao, H-X, Moody, MA, Montefiori, D, Santra, S, Morris, L, and Haynes, BF. "Amino Acid Changes in the HIV-1 gp41 Membrane Proximal Region Control Virus Neutralization Sensitivity." EBioMedicine 12 (October 2016): 196-207. Full Text
  - Li, X, Fan, P, Jiang, C, Ma, T, Yu, X, Kong, W, and Gao, F. "High-Frequency Illegitimate Strand Transfers of Nascent DNA Fragments During Reverse Transcription Result in Defective Retrovirus Genomes." Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 72, no. 4 (August 2016): 353-362. Full Text
  - Moody, MA, Pedroza-Pacheco, I, Vandergrift, NA, Chui, C, Lloyd, KE, Parks, R, Soderberg, KA, Ogbe, AT, Cohen, MS, Liao, H-X, Gao, F, McMichael, AJ, Montefiori, DC, Verkoczy, L, Kelsoe, G, Huang, J, Shea, PR, Connors, M, Borrow, P, and Haynes, BF. "Immune perturbations in HIV-1-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies." Science Immunology 1, no. 1 (July 29, 2016): aag0851-null. Full Text
  - Rademeyer, C, Korber, B, Seaman, MS, Giorgi, EE, Thebus, R, Robles, A, Sheward, DJ, Wagh, K, Garrity, J, Carey, BR, Gao, H, Greene, KM, Tang, H, Bandawe, GP, Marais, JC, Diphoko, TE, Hraber, P, Tumba, N, Moore, PL, Gray, GE, Kublin, J, McElrath, MJ, Vermeulen, M, Middelkoop, K, Bekker, L-G, Hoelscher, M, Maboko, L, Makhema, J, Robb, ML, Abdool Karim, S, Abdool Karim, Q, Kim, JH, Hahn, BH, Gao, F, Swanstrom, R, Morris, L, Montefiori, DC, and Williamson, C. "Features of Recently Transmitted HIV-1 Clade C Viruses that Impact Antibody Recognition: Implications for Active and Passive Immunization." Plos Pathogens 12, no. 7 (July 19, 2016): e1005742-null. Full Text
  - Bonsignori, M, Zhou, T, Sheng, Z, Chen, L, Gao, F, Joyce, MG, Ozorowski, G, Chuang, G-Y, Schramm, CA, Wiehe, K, Alam, SM, Bradley, T, Gladden, MA, Hwang, K-K, Iyengar, S, Kumar, A, Lu, X, Luo, K, Mangiapani, MC, Parks, RJ, Song, H, Acharya, P, Bailer, RT, Cao, A, Druz, A, Georgiev, IS, Kwon, YD, Louder, MK, Zhang, B, Zheng, A, Hill, BJ, Kong, R, Soto, C, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, , Mullikin, JC, Douek, DC, Montefiori, DC, Moody, MA, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Kelsoe, G, Hraber, PT, Korber, BT, Boyd, SD, Fire, AZ, Kepler, TB, Shapiro, L, Ward, AB, Mascola, JR, Liao, H-X, Kwong, PD, and Haynes, BF. "Maturation Pathway from Germline to Broad HIV-1 Neutralizer of a CD4-Mimic Antibody." Cell 165, no. 2 (April 2016): 449-463. Full Text
  - Zhang, R, Verkoczy, L, Wiehe, K, Munir Alam, S, Nicely, NI, Santra, S, Bradley, T, Pemble, CW, Zhang, J, Gao, F, Montefiori, DC, Bouton-Verville, H, Kelsoe, G, Larimore, K, Greenberg, PD, Parks, R, Foulger, A, Peel, JN, Luo, K, Lu, X, Trama, AM, Vandergrift, N, Tomaras, GD, Kepler, TB, Moody, MA, Liao, H-X, and Haynes, BF. "Initiation of immune tolerance-controlled HIV gp41 neutralizing B cell lineages." Science Translational Medicine 8, no. 336 (April 2016): 336ra62-null. Full Text
  - Chen, Y, Hora, B, DeMarco, T, Shah, SA, Ahmed, M, Sanchez, AM, Su, C, Carter, M, Stone, M, Hasan, R, Hasan, Z, Busch, MP, Denny, TN, and Gao, F. "Fast Dissemination of New HIV-1 CRF02/A1 Recombinants in Pakistan." PloS one 11, no. 12 (January 2016): e0167839-. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Hora, B, Keating, SM, Chen, Y, Sanchez, AM, Sabino, E, Hunt, G, Ledwaba, J, Hackett, J, Swanson, P, Hewlett, I, Ragupathy, V, Vikram Vemula, S, Zeng, P, Tee, K-K, Chow, WZ, Ji, H, Sandstrom, P, Denny, TN, Busch, MP, Gao, F, and REDS-III and EQAPOL programs, . "Genetic Characterization of a Panel of Diverse HIV-1 Isolates at Seven International Sites." Plos One 11, no. 6 (January 2016): e0157340-null. Full Text Open Access Copy
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  - Souquière, S, Bibollet-Ruche, F, Robertson, DL, Makuwa, M, Apetrei, C, Onanga, R, Kornfeld, C, Plantier, JC, Gao, F, Abernethy, K, White, LJ, Karesh, W, Telfer, P, Wickings, EJ, Mauclère, P, Marx, PA, Barré-Sinoussi, F, Hahn, BH, Müller-Trutwin, MC, and Simon, F. "Wild Mandrillus sphinx are carriers of two types of lentivirus." Journal of Virology 75, no. 15 (August 2001): 7086-7096. Full Text
  - Agwale, SM, Robbins, KE, Odama, L, Saekhou, A, Zeh, C, Edubio, A, Njoku, OM, Sani-Gwarzo, N, Gboun, MF, Gao, F, Reitz, M, Hone, D, Folks, TM, Pieniazek, D, Wambebe, C, and Kalish, ML. "Development of an env gp41-based heteroduplex mobility assay for rapid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtyping." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39, no. 6 (June 2001): 2110-2114. Full Text
  - Gao, F, Vidal, N, Li, Y, Trask, SA, Chen, Y, Kostrikis, LG, Ho, DD, Kim, J, Oh, MD, Choe, K, Salminen, M, Robertson, DL, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, and Peeters, M. "Evidence of two distinct subsubtypes within the HIV-1 subtype A radiation." Aids Research and Human Retroviruses 17, no. 8 (May 2001): 675-688. Full Text
  - Mahalingam, S, Van Tine, B, Santiago, ML, Gao, F, Shaw, GM, and Hahn, BH. "Functional analysis of the simian immunodeficiency virus Vpx protein: identification of packaging determinants and a novel nuclear targeting domain." Journal of Virology 75, no. 1 (January 2001): 362-374. Full Text
  - Fonjungo, PN, Mpoudi, EN, Torimiro, JN, Alemnji, GA, Eno, LT, Nkengasong, JN, Gao, F, Rayfield, M, Folks, TM, Pieniazek, D, and Lal, RB. "Presence of diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral variants in Cameroon." Aids Research and Human Retroviruses 16, no. 13 (September 2000): 1319-1324. Full Text
  - Yang, C, Gao, F, Fonjungo, PN, Zekeng, L, van der Groen, G, Pieniazek, D, Schable, C, and Lal, RB. "Phylogenetic analysis of protease and transmembrane region of HIV type 1 group O." Aids Research and Human Retroviruses 16, no. 11 (July 2000): 1075-1081. Full Text
  - Korber, B, Muldoon, M, Theiler, J, Gao, F, Gupta, R, Lapedes, A, Hahn, BH, Wolinsky, S, and Bhattacharya, T. "Timing the ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains." Science (New York, N.Y.) 288, no. 5472 (June 2000): 1789-1796. Full Text
  - Robertson, DL, Anderson, JP, Bradac, JA, Carr, JK, Foley, B, Funkhouser, RK, Gao, F, Hahn, BH, Kalish, ML, Kuiken, C, Learn, GH, Leitner, T, McCutchan, F, Osmanov, S, Peeters, M, Pieniazek, D, Salminen, M, Sharp, PM, Wolinsky, S, and Korber, B. "HIV-1 nomenclature proposal." Science (New York, N.Y.) 288, no. 5463 (April 2000): 55-56. (Letter) Full Text
  - Sharp, PM, Bailes, E, Gao, F, Beer, BE, Hirsch, VM, and Hahn, BH. "Origins and evolution of AIDS viruses: estimating the time-scale." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 2 (February 2000): 275-282. Full Text
  - Hooper, E, Korber, B, Bhattacharya, T, Theiler, J, Gupta, R, Lapedes, A, Hahn, B, Gao, F, Muldoon, M, Wolinsky, S, and Plotkin, SA. "Search for the origin of HIV and AIDS [2] (multiple letters)." Science 289, no. 5482 (2000): 1140-1141. Full Text
  - Yang, C, Dash, BC, Simon, F, Groen, GVD, Pieniazek, D, Gao, F, Hahn, BH, and Lal, RB. "Detection of diverse variants of human immunodeficiency virus-1 groups M, N, and O and simian immunodeficiency viruses from chimpanzees by using generic pol and env primer pairs." Journal of Infectious Diseases 181, no. 5 (2000): 1791-1795. Full Text
  - Yang, C, Pieniazek, D, Owen, SM, Fridlund, C, Nkengasong, J, Mastro, TD, Rayfield, MA, Downing, R, Biryawaho, B, Tanuri, A, Zekeng, L, van der Groen, G, Gao, F, and Lal, RB. "Detection of phylogenetically diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 groups M and O from plasma by using highly sensitive and specific generic primers." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 8 (August 1999): 2581-2586.
  - Gao, F, Bailes, E, Robertson, DL, Chen, Y, Rodenburg, CM, Michael, SF, Cummins, LB, Arthur, LO, Peeters, M, Shaw, GM, Sharp, PM, and Hahn, BH. "Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes." Nature 397, no. 6718 (February 1999): 436-441. Full Text
  - Sharp, PM, Bailes, E, Robertson, DL, Gao, F, and Hahn, BH. "Origins and evolution of AIDS viruses." Biological Bulletin 196, no. 3 (1999): 338-342.
  - Gao, F, Robertson, DL, Carruthers, CD, Li, Y, Bailes, E, Kostrikis, LG, Salminen, MO, Bibollet-Ruche, F, Peeters, M, Ho, DD, Shaw, GM, Sharp, PM, and Hahn, BH. "An isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originally classified as subtype I represents a complex mosaic comprising three different group M subtypes (A, G, and I)." Journal of Virology 72, no. 12 (December 1998): 10234-10241.
  - Gao, F, Robertson, DL, Carruthers, CD, Morrison, SG, Jian, B, Chen, Y, Barré-Sinoussi, F, Girard, M, Srinivasan, A, Abimiku, AG, Shaw, GM, Sharp, PM, and Hahn, BH. "A comprehensive panel of near-full-length clones and reference sequences for non-subtype B isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1." Journal of Virology 72, no. 7 (July 1998): 5680-5698.
  - Owen, SM, Ellenberger, D, Rayfield, M, Wiktor, S, Michel, P, Grieco, MH, Gao, F, Hahn, BH, and Lal, RB. "Genetically divergent strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 use multiple coreceptors for viral entry." Journal of Virology 72, no. 7 (July 1998): 5425-5432.
  - Connor, RI, Korber, BT, Graham, BS, Hahn, BH, Ho, DD, Walker, BD, Neumann, AU, Vermund, SH, Mestecky, J, Jackson, S, Fenamore, E, Cao, Y, Gao, F, Kalams, S, Kunstman, KJ, McDonald, D, McWilliams, N, Trkola, A, Moore, JP, and Wolinsky, SM. "Immunological and virological analyses of persons infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 while participating in trials of recombinant gp120 subunit vaccines." Journal of Virology 72, no. 2 (February 1998): 1552-1576.
  - Georges-Courbot, MC, Lu, CY, Makuwa, M, Telfer, P, Onanga, R, Dubreuil, G, Chen, Z, Smith, SM, Georges, A, Gao, F, Hahn, BH, and Marx, PA. "Natural infection of a household pet red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus torquatus) with a new simian immunodeficiency virus." Journal of Virology 72, no. 1 (January 1998): 600-608.
  - Betts, MR, Krowka, J, Santamaria, C, Balsamo, K, Gao, F, Mulundu, G, Luo, C, N'Gandu, N, Sheppard, H, Hahn, BH, Allen, S, and Frelinger, JA. "Cross-clade human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in HIV-infected Zambians." Journal of Virology 71, no. 11 (November 1997): 8908-8911.
  - Salminen, MO, Carr, JK, Robertson, DL, Hegerich, P, Gotte, D, Koch, C, Sanders-Buell, E, Gao, F, Sharp, PM, Hahn, BH, Burke, DS, and McCutchan, FE. "Evolution and probable transmission of intersubtype recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in a Zambian couple." Journal of Virology 71, no. 4 (April 1997): 2647-2655.
  - Wilson, CC, Kalams, SA, Wilkes, BM, Ruhl, DJ, Gao, F, Hahn, BH, Hanson, IC, Luzuriaga, K, Wolinsky, S, Koup, R, Buchbinder, SP, Johnson, RP, and Walker, BD. "Overlapping epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 presented by HLA A, B, and C molecules: effects of viral variation on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recognition." Journal of Virology 71, no. 2 (February 1997): 1256-1264.
  - Gao, F, Robertson, DL, Morrison, SG, Hui, H, Craig, S, Decker, J, Fultz, PN, Girard, M, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, and Sharp, PM. "The heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic in Thailand is caused by an intersubtype (A/E) recombinant of African origin." Journal of Virology 70, no. 10 (October 1996): 7013-7029.
  - Gao, F, Morrison, SG, Robertson, DL, Thornton, CL, Craig, S, Karlsson, G, Sodroski, J, Morgado, M, Galvao-Castro, B, von Briesen, H, Beddows, S, Weber, J, Sharp, PM, Shaw, GM, and Hahn, BH. "Molecular cloning and analysis of functional envelope genes from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequence subtypes A through G. The WHO and NIAID Networks for HIV Isolation and Characterization." Journal of Virology 70, no. 3 (March 1996): 1651-1667.
  - Karlsson, GB, Gao, F, Robinson, J, Hahn, B, and Sodroski, J. "Increased envelope spike density and stability are not required for the neutralization resistance of primary human immunodeficiency viruses." Journal of Virology 70, no. 9 (1996): 6136-6142.
  - Gao, F, Yue, L, Craig, S, Thornton, CL, Robertson, DL, McCutchan, FE, Bradac, JA, Sharp, PM, and Hahn, BH. "Genetic variation of HIV type 1 in four World Health Organization-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites: generation of functional envelope (glycoprotein 160) clones representative of sequence subtypes A, B, C, and E. WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization." Aids Research and Human Retroviruses 10, no. 11 (November 1994): 1359-1368. Full Text
  - Gao, F, Yue, L, Robertson, DL, Hill, SC, Hui, H, Biggar, RJ, Neequaye, AE, Whelan, TM, Ho, DD, and Shaw, GM. "Genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 2: evidence for distinct sequence subtypes with differences in virus biology." Journal of Virology 68, no. 11 (November 1994): 7433-7447.
  - Gao, F, Yue, L, Hill, SC, Robertson, DL, Graves, AH, Saag, MS, Shaw, GM, Sharp, PM, and Hahn, BH. "HIV-1 sequence subtype D in the United States." Aids Research and Human Retroviruses 10, no. 5 (May 1994): 625-627. Full Text
  - Sharp, PM, Robertson, DL, Gao, F, and Hahn, BH. "Origins and diversity of human immunodeficiency viruses." AIDS 8, no. SUPPL. 1 (1994): S27-S42.
  - Gao, F, Yue, L, Sharp, PM, and Hahn, BH. "Genetic typing of HIV-2 from a Senegalese/German heterosexual transmission." AIDS research and human retroviruses 9, no. 7 (July 1993): 703-704. Full Text
  - Gao, F. "Origin of HIV-2 in West Africa." Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 47, no. 2-3 (1993): 111--.
  - Mulligan, MJ, Yamshchikov, GV, Ritter, GD, Gao, F, Jin, MJ, Nail, CD, Spies, CP, Hahn, BH, and Compans, RW. "Cytoplasmic domain truncation enhances fusion activity by the exterior glycoprotein complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in selected cell types." Journal of Virology 66, no. 6 (June 1992): 3971-3975.
  - Gao, F, Yue, L, White, AT, Pappas, PG, Barchue, J, Hanson, AP, Greene, BM, Sharp, PM, Shaw, GM, and Hahn, BH. "Human infection by genetically diverse SIV_SM-related HIV-2 in West Africa." Nature 358, no. 6386 (1992): 495-499.
- Other Articles
  - Rodenburg, CM, Li, Y, Trask, SA, Chen, Y, Decker, J, Robertson, DL, Kalish, ML, Shaw, GM, Allen, S, Hahn, BH, Gao, F, and UNAIDS and NIAID Networks for HIV Isolation and Characterization, . "Near full-length clones and reference sequences for subtype C isolates of HIV type 1 from three different continents." Aids Research and Human Retroviruses 17, no. 2 (January 2001): 161-168. Full Text

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