Feng Gao | Scholars@Duke

Feng Gao
Professor of Medicine

Dr. Feng Gao is Professor of Medicine at Duke University. The Gao laboratory has a long-standing interest in elucidating the origins and evolution of human and simian inmmunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV), and in studying HIV/SIV gene function and pathogenic mechanisms from the evolutionary perspective. These studies have led to new strategies to better understand HIV origins, biology, pathogenesis and drug resistance, and to design new AIDS vaccines.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2016
Member of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Institutes and Centers 2016

Contact Information

244 Sands Bldg, Box 102359, Durham, NC 27710
Box 102359 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
feng.gao@duke.edu (919) 668-6433

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- M.D., Harbin Medical University (China) 1984
Duke Appointment History
- Member of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Institutes and Centers 2005 - 2016
- Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Medicine 2009 - 2016
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Institutes and Centers 2006 - 2009
- Associate Research Professor of Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Institutes and Centers 2002 - 2006
- Associate Research Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Medicine 2001 - 2002
Expertise
Global Scholarship
- Research
Research
Selected Grants
- Nonhuman Primate Core Virology Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development - Base awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2024
- Nonhuman Primate Core Virology Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development - Option 7-13 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2024
- EQAPOL - Years 2017 to 2024 - BASE awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2024
- Dissection of polyreactivity and neutralization activity of HIV-1 Abs awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2021
- Role of neutralizing antibodies in HIV-1-infected and vaccinated mothers in MTCT awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2020
- Broad neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 from RV217 participants awarded by Henry M. Jackson Foundation 2014 - 2018
- EQAPOL - 2016 to 2017 - Option 6 - VIRUS awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2017
- EQAPOL Option 5 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2017
- Invitro Function of DART Molecules (Base) awarded by MacroGenics, Inc. 2016 - 2017
- Critical domains for HIV-1 entry through atypical coreceptor usage awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2016
- A Magnetic Microparticle Kit for Cell Removal from Blood awarded by Luna Innovations Inc. 2015 - 2016
- Role of Virus Recombination in Multiple Drug Resistance awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2008
- A Universal Env Immunogen for all HIV-1 Subtypes awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2006
- NCRR FACSAria Cell Sorter awarded by National Center for Research Resources 2004 - 2006
- Immunogenicity of an HIV virus-like particle vaccine awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2006
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Conference Papers
  - Smith, CEP, Eudailey, J, Kumar, A, Stamper, L, Giorgi, E, Fouda, G, Mcguire, E, Gao, F, and Permar, S. "Infant Peripartum Transmitted-founder HIV-1 Variants are Resistant to Autologous Maternal Plasma Neutralization." October 2016. Link to Item
  - Wang, C, Jiang, C, Gao, N, Zhang, K, Liu, D, Wang, W, Cong, Z, Qin, C, Ganusov, VV, Kong, W, Yu, X, and Gao, F. "Partial Protection from Intravenous Challenge by an Integration-defective SIV Vaccine." October 2016. Link to Item
  - Hora, B, Gulzar, N, Chen, Y, Cai, F, Su, C, Karagiannis, K, Smith, K, Simonyan, V, Shah, SA, Ahmed, M, Sanchez, AM, Stone, M, Cohen, MS, Haynes, BF, Busch, MP, Mazumder, R, Denny, TN, and Gao, F. "Streamlined quasispecies and subtype analysis of HIV-1 sequences generated by high-throughput sequencing using the high-performance integrated virtual environment (HIVE)." July 2016. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Gao, F, Bonsignori, M, Liao, H, Kumar, A, Xia, S, Cai, F, Lu, X, Kozink, DM, Kwong, P, Zhou, T, Lynch, R, Alam, SM, Ferrari, G, Kelsoe, G, Sandrasegaram, G, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Montefiori, DC, Kamanga, G, Cohen, M, Braber, P, Korber, BT, Mascola, JR, Kepler, TB, and Haynes, BF. "Multiple Pathways of HIV-1 Autologous Neutralizing Antibodies Cooperate to Drive CD4 Binding Site Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Responses." November 1, 2013. Link to Item
  - Zhang, R, Moody, M, Alam, M, Yu, J, Santra, S, Kelsoe, G, Sekaran, S, Bhaskarabhatla, R, Wang, M, Gurley, T, Allen, A, Armand, L, Marshall, D, Whitesides, J, Sutherland, L, Scearce, R, Foulger, A, Cooper, M, Pritchett, J, Hogan, A, De, R, Stolarchuk, C, Solomom, E, Friberg, E, Yang, Y, Gao, F, Schmitz, J, Kepler, T, Haynes, B, and Liao, H. "Isolation of mAbs from Sorted Single B Cells by RT/PCR for Analysis of B Cell Responses to HIV-1 MPER Epitope in Vaccinated Rhesus Macaques." November 1, 2013. Link to Item
  - Bar, KJ, Decker, JM, Ganusov, VV, Li, H, McLellan, JS, Yang, Y, Pavlicek, JW, Keele, BF, Gao, F, Perelson, AS, Kwong, PD, Hahn, BH, and Shaw, GM. "Molecular targets and potency of HIV-1 neutralization revealed by dynamic assessment of transmitted/founder virus antibody recognition and escape." October 2010. Link to Item
  - Chen, Y, Yang, H, Zhang, T, Huang, X, Xu, X, Korber, B, Montefiori, D, Gao, F, and Wu, H. "Limited introductions and genetic variation of HIV-1 in a MSM cohort in China." October 2010. Link to Item
  - Pavlicek, JW, Kirchherr, JL, Hopper, J, Chen, S, Keele, BF, Li, H, Liu, MK, Goonetilleke, N, Kamanga, G, McMichael, A, Hahn, B, Haynes, B, and Gao, F. "Evolution of the Same HIV-1 Transmitted/Founder Virus in Two Hosts." October 2010. Link to Item
  - Gnanakaran, G, Bhattacharya, T, Daniels, M, Lapedes, A, Gao, F, Kumar, A, Li, M, Tang, H, Greene, K, Gao, H, Seaman, M, Haynes, BF, Montefiori, DC, and Korber, BT. "P04-54 LB. Genetic signature analysis identifies the CD4i region of gp120 as a determinant of broadly NAb responses in HIV-1-infected individuals." 2009.
  - Gnanakaran, G, Bhattacharya, T, Daniels, M, Lapedes, A, Gao, F, Kumar, A, Li, M, Tang, H, Greene, K, Gao, H, Seaman, M, Haynes, BF, Montefiori, DC, and Korber, BT. "Genetic signature analysis identifies the CD4i region of gp120 as a determinant of broadly NAb responses in HIV-1-infected individuals." 2009. Full Text Link to Item
  - Liao, L, Chen, X, Dixon, A, Munshaw, S, Moody, M, Zhang, R, Nagel, A, Foulger, A, Derosa, K, Parks, R, Mcparland, M, Whitesides, J, Marshall, D, Amos, J, Yang, Y, Gao, F, Shea, T, Margolis, D, Shaw, G, Markowitz, M, Denny, T, Kelsoe, G, Tomaras, G, Kepler, T, and Haynes, B. "P04-45. Characterization of the plasma cell repertoire in acute HIV-1 infection (AHI)." 2009.
  - Liao, L, Chen, X, Dixon, A, Munshaw, S, Moody, M, Zhang, R, Nagel, A, Foulger, A, Derosa, K, Parks, R, Mcparland, M, Whitesides, J, Marshall, D, Amos, J, Yang, Y, Gao, F, Shea, T, Margolis, D, Shaw, G, Markowitz, M, Denny, T, Kelsoe, G, Tomaras, G, Kepler, T, and Haynes, B. "P04-45. Characterization of the plasma cell repertoire in acute HIV-1 infection (AHI)." 2009. Full Text
  - Munshaw, S, Liao, H, Dixon, A, Chen, X, Nagel, A, Derosa, K, Parks, R, Amos, J, Whitesides, JF, Marshalls, DJ, Yang, Y, Gao, F, Tomaras, GD, Moody, MA, Kelsoe, GH, Shea, TC, Margolis, DM, Markowitz, M, Goepfert, P, Shaw, G, Haynes, BF, and Kepler, TB. "S021-04 OA. A large-scale analysis of immunoglobulin sequences derived from plasmablasts/plasma cells in acute HIV-1 infection subjects." 2009.
  - Munshaw, S, Liao, H, Dixon, A, Chen, X, Nagel, A, Derosa, K, Parks, R, Amos, J, Whitesides, JF, Marshalls, DJ, Yang, Y, Gao, F, Tomaras, GD, Moody, MA, Kelsoe, GH, Shea, TC, Margolis, DM, Markowitz, M, Goepfert, P, Shaw, G, Haynes, BF, and Kepler, TB. "A large-scale analysis of immunoglobulin sequences derived from plasmablasts/plasma cells in acute HIV-1 infection subjects." 2009. Full Text Link to Item
  - Shen, X, Dennison, M, Gao, F, Montefiori, D, Verkoczy, L, Haynes, B, Alam, M, and Tomaras, G. "OA021-04. HIV-1 gp41 envelope MPER mutation altered epitope conformation in lipid and increased sensitivity to 2F5 and 4E10 neutralizing antibodies." 2009. Full Text
  - Shen, X, Dennison, M, Gao, F, Montefiori, DC, Verkoczy, L, Haynes, B, Alam, M, and Tomaras, G. "OA021-04. HIV-1 gp41 envelope MPER mutation altered epitope conformation in lipid and increased sensitivity to 2F5 and 4E10 neutralizing antibodies." 2009.
  - Jiang, C, Chen, S, Eron, J, Menezes, P, Montefiori, D, Haynes, B, and Gao, F. "Functional Comparison of HIV-1 env Gene Quasispecies Populations from Acutely and Chronically Infected Individuals." October 2008. Link to Item
  - Kirchherr, JL, Hamilton, J, Lu, X, Kasongo, W, Chalwe, V, Mwanayanda, L, Musonda, RM, Korber, BT, Muldoon, M, Montefiori, D, Haynes, BF, and Gao, F. "Functional Analysis of the Quasispecies env Population in Individuals Infected with HIV-1 Subtype C Viruses." October 2008. Link to Item
- Journal Articles
  - Gao, N, Wang, W, Wang, C, Gu, T, Guo, R, Yu, B, Kong, W, Qin, C, Giorgi, EE, Chen, Z, Townsley, S, Hu, S-L, Yu, X, and Gao, F. "Development of broad neutralization activity in simian/human immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques after long-term infection." AIDS (London, England) 32, no. 5 (March 2018): 555-563. Full Text
  - Gao, Y, Tian, W, Han, X, and Gao, F. "Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection: implications in vaccine design." Frontiers of medicine 11, no. 4 (December 2017): 480-489. (Review) Full Text
  - Williams, WB, Zhang, J, Jiang, C, Nicely, NI, Fera, D, Luo, K, Moody, MA, Liao, H-X, Alam, SM, Kepler, TB, Ramesh, A, Wiehe, K, Holland, JA, Bradley, T, Vandergrift, N, Saunders, KO, Parks, R, Foulger, A, Xia, S-M, Bonsignori, M, Montefiori, DC, Louder, M, Eaton, A, Santra, S, Scearce, R, Sutherland, L, Newman, A, Bouton-Verville, H, Bowman, C, Bomze, H, Gao, F, Marshall, DJ, Whitesides, JF, Nie, X, Kelsoe, G, Reed, SG, Fox, CB, Clary, K, Koutsoukos, M, Franco, D, Mascola, JR, and Harrison, SC et al. "Initiation of HIV neutralizing B cell lineages with sequential envelope immunizations." Nature communications 8, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 1732-. Full Text
  - Liu, D, Wang, C, Hora, B, Zuo, T, Goonetilleke, N, Liu, MKP, Berrong, M, Ferrari, G, McMichael, AJ, Bhattacharya, T, Perelson, AS, and Gao, F. "A strongly selected mutation in the HIV-1 genome is independent of T cell responses and neutralizing antibodies." Retrovirology 14, no. 1 (October 10, 2017): 46-. Full Text
  - Rademeyer, C, Korber, B, Seaman, MS, Giorgi, EE, Thebus, R, Robles, A, Sheward, DJ, Wagh, K, Garrity, J, Carey, BR, Gao, H, Greene, KM, Tang, H, Bandawe, GP, Marais, JC, Diphoko, TE, Hraber, P, Tumba, N, Moore, PL, Gray, GE, Kublin, J, McElrath, MJ, Vermeulen, M, Middelkoop, K, Bekker, L-G, Hoelscher, M, Maboko, L, Makhema, J, Robb, ML, Karim, SA, Karim, QA, Kim, JH, Hahn, BH, Gao, F, Swanstrom, R, Morris, L, Montefiori, DC, and Williamson, C. "Correction: Features of Recently Transmitted HIV-1 Clade C Viruses that Impact Antibody Recognition: Implications for Active and Passive Immunization." PLoS pathogens 13, no. 9 (September 25, 2017): e1006641-. Full Text
  - Meyerhoff, RR, Scearce, RM, Ogburn, DF, Lockwood, B, Pickeral, J, Kuraoka, M, Anasti, K, Eudailey, J, Eaton, A, Cooper, M, Wiehe, K, Montefiori, DC, Tomaras, G, Ferrari, G, Alam, SM, Liao, H-X, Korber, B, Gao, F, and Haynes, BF. "HIV-1 Consensus Envelope-Induced Broadly Binding Antibodies." AIDS research and human retroviruses 33, no. 8 (August 2017): 859-868. Full Text
  - Kijak, GH, Sanders-Buell, E, Chenine, A-L, Eller, MA, Goonetilleke, N, Thomas, R, Leviyang, S, Harbolick, EA, Bose, M, Pham, P, Oropeza, C, Poltavee, K, O'Sullivan, AM, Billings, E, Merbah, M, Costanzo, MC, Warren, JA, Slike, B, Li, H, Peachman, KK, Fischer, W, Gao, F, Cicala, C, Arthos, J, Eller, LA, O'Connell, RJ, Sinei, S, Maganga, L, Kibuuka, H, Nitayaphan, S, Rao, M, Marovich, MA, Krebs, SJ, Rolland, M, Korber, BT, Shaw, GM, Michael, NL, Robb, ML, Tovanabutra, S, and Kim, JH. "Rare HIV-1 transmitted/founder lineages identified by deep viral sequencing contribute to rapid shifts in dominant quasispecies during acute and early infection." PLoS pathogens 13, no. 7 (July 31, 2017): e1006510-. Full Text
  - Wang, C, Jiang, C, Gao, N, Zhang, K, Liu, D, Wang, W, Cong, Z, Qin, C, Ganusov, VV, Ferrari, G, LaBranche, C, Montefiori, DC, Kong, W, Yu, X, and Gao, F. "Immunologic and Virologic Mechanisms for Partial Protection from Intravenous Challenge by an Integration-Defective SIV Vaccine." Viruses 9, no. 6 (June 2, 2017). Full Text
  - Bonsignori, M, Kreider, EF, Fera, D, Meyerhoff, RR, Bradley, T, Wiehe, K, Alam, SM, Aussedat, B, Walkowicz, WE, Hwang, K-K, Saunders, KO, Zhang, R, Gladden, MA, Monroe, A, Kumar, A, Xia, S-M, Cooper, M, Louder, MK, McKee, K, Bailer, RT, Pier, BW, Jette, CA, Kelsoe, G, Williams, WB, Morris, L, Kappes, J, Wagh, K, Kamanga, G, Cohen, MS, Hraber, PT, Montefiori, DC, Trama, A, Liao, H-X, Kepler, TB, Moody, MA, Gao, F, Danishefsky, SJ, Mascola, JR, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Harrison, SC, and Korber, BT et al. "Staged induction of HIV-1 glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies." Science translational medicine 9, no. 381 (March 2017). Full Text
  - Bonsignori, M, Liao, H-X, Gao, F, Williams, WB, Alam, SM, Montefiori, DC, and Haynes, BF. "Antibody-virus co-evolution in HIV infection: paths for HIV vaccine development." Immunological reviews 275, no. 1 (January 2017): 145-160. (Review) Full Text
  - Williams, LD, Ofek, G, Schätzle, S, McDaniel, JR, Lu, X, Nicely, NI, Wu, L, Lougheed, CS, Bradley, T, Louder, MK, McKee, K, Bailer, RT, O'Dell, S, Georgiev, IS, Seaman, MS, Parks, RJ, Marshall, DJ, Anasti, K, Yang, G, Nie, X, Tumba, NL, Wiehe, K, Wagh, K, Korber, B, Kepler, TB, Munir Alam, S, Morris, L, Kamanga, G, Cohen, MS, Bonsignori, M, Xia, S-M, Montefiori, DC, Kelsoe, G, Gao, F, Mascola, JR, Moody, MA, Saunders, KO, Liao, H-X, Tomaras, GD, Georgiou, G, and Haynes, BF. "Potent and broad HIV-neutralizing antibodies in memory B cells and plasma." Science immunology 2, no. 7 (January 2017). Full Text
  - Song, H, Hora, B, Giorgi, EE, Kumar, A, Cai, F, Bhattacharya, T, Perelson, AS, and Gao, F. "Transmission of Multiple HIV-1 Subtype C Transmitted/founder Viruses into the Same Recipients Was not Determined by Modest Phenotypic Differences." Scientific reports 6 (December 2, 2016): 38130-. Full Text
  - Bradley, T, Trama, A, Tumba, N, Gray, E, Lu, X, Madani, N, Jahanbakhsh, F, Eaton, A, Xia, S-M, Parks, R, Lloyd, KE, Sutherland, LL, Scearce, RM, Bowman, CM, Barnett, S, Abdool-Karim, SS, Boyd, SD, Melillo, B, Smith, AB, Sodroski, J, Kepler, TB, Alam, SM, Gao, F, Bonsignori, M, Liao, H-X, Moody, MA, Montefiori, D, Santra, S, Morris, L, and Haynes, BF. "Amino Acid Changes in the HIV-1 gp41 Membrane Proximal Region Control Virus Neutralization Sensitivity." EBioMedicine 12 (October 2016): 196-207. Full Text
  - Li, X, Fan, P, Jiang, C, Ma, T, Yu, X, Kong, W, and Gao, F. "High-Frequency Illegitimate Strand Transfers of Nascent DNA Fragments During Reverse Transcription Result in Defective Retrovirus Genomes." Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 72, no. 4 (August 2016): 353-362. Full Text
  - Moody, MA, Pedroza-Pacheco, I, Vandergrift, NA, Chui, C, Lloyd, KE, Parks, R, Soderberg, KA, Ogbe, AT, Cohen, MS, Liao, H-X, Gao, F, McMichael, AJ, Montefiori, DC, Verkoczy, L, Kelsoe, G, Huang, J, Shea, PR, Connors, M, Borrow, P, and Haynes, BF. "Immune perturbations in HIV-1-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies." Science immunology 1, no. 1 (July 29, 2016): aag0851-. Full Text
  - Rademeyer, C, Korber, B, Seaman, MS, Giorgi, EE, Thebus, R, Robles, A, Sheward, DJ, Wagh, K, Garrity, J, Carey, BR, Gao, H, Greene, KM, Tang, H, Bandawe, GP, Marais, JC, Diphoko, TE, Hraber, P, Tumba, N, Moore, PL, Gray, GE, Kublin, J, McElrath, MJ, Vermeulen, M, Middelkoop, K, Bekker, L-G, Hoelscher, M, Maboko, L, Makhema, J, Robb, ML, Abdool Karim, S, Abdool Karim, Q, Kim, JH, Hahn, BH, Gao, F, Swanstrom, R, Morris, L, Montefiori, DC, and Williamson, C. "Features of Recently Transmitted HIV-1 Clade C Viruses that Impact Antibody Recognition: Implications for Active and Passive Immunization." PLoS pathogens 12, no. 7 (July 19, 2016): e1005742-. Full Text
  - Bonsignori, M, Zhou, T, Sheng, Z, Chen, L, Gao, F, Joyce, MG, Ozorowski, G, Chuang, G-Y, Schramm, CA, Wiehe, K, Alam, SM, Bradley, T, Gladden, MA, Hwang, K-K, Iyengar, S, Kumar, A, Lu, X, Luo, K, Mangiapani, MC, Parks, RJ, Song, H, Acharya, P, Bailer, RT, Cao, A, Druz, A, Georgiev, IS, Kwon, YD, Louder, MK, Zhang, B, Zheng, A, Hill, BJ, Kong, R, Soto, C, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, , Mullikin, JC, Douek, DC, Montefiori, DC, Moody, MA, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Kelsoe, G, and Hraber, PT et al. "Maturation Pathway from Germline to Broad HIV-1 Neutralizer of a CD4-Mimic Antibody." Cell 165, no. 2 (April 2016): 449-463. Full Text
  - Zhang, R, Verkoczy, L, Wiehe, K, Munir Alam, S, Nicely, NI, Santra, S, Bradley, T, Pemble, CW, Zhang, J, Gao, F, Montefiori, DC, Bouton-Verville, H, Kelsoe, G, Larimore, K, Greenberg, PD, Parks, R, Foulger, A, Peel, JN, Luo, K, Lu, X, Trama, AM, Vandergrift, N, Tomaras, GD, Kepler, TB, Moody, MA, Liao, H-X, and Haynes, BF. "Initiation of immune tolerance-controlled HIV gp41 neutralizing B cell lineages." Science translational medicine 8, no. 336 (April 2016): 336ra62-. Full Text
  - Chen, Y, Hora, B, DeMarco, T, Shah, SA, Ahmed, M, Sanchez, AM, Su, C, Carter, M, Stone, M, Hasan, R, Hasan, Z, Busch, MP, Denny, TN, and Gao, F. "Fast Dissemination of New HIV-1 CRF02/A1 Recombinants in Pakistan." PloS one 11, no. 12 (January 2016): e0167839-. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Hora, B, Keating, SM, Chen, Y, Sanchez, AM, Sabino, E, Hunt, G, Ledwaba, J, Hackett, J, Swanson, P, Hewlett, I, Ragupathy, V, Vikram Vemula, S, Zeng, P, Tee, K-K, Chow, WZ, Ji, H, Sandstrom, P, Denny, TN, Busch, MP, Gao, F, and REDS-III and EQAPOL programs, . "Genetic Characterization of a Panel of Diverse HIV-1 Isolates at Seven International Sites." PloS one 11, no. 6 (January 2016): e0157340-. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Zhang, G, Cai, F, de Rivera, IL, Zhou, Z, Zhang, J, Nkengasong, J, Gao, F, and Yang, C. "Simultaneous Detection of Major Drug Resistance Mutations of HIV-1 Subtype B Viruses from Dried Blood Spot Specimens by Multiplex Allele-Specific Assay." Journal of clinical microbiology 54, no. 1 (January 2016): 220-222. Full Text
  - Hraber, P, Korber, B, Wagh, K, Giorgi, EE, Bhattacharya, T, Gnanakaran, S, Lapedes, AS, Learn, GH, Kreider, EF, Li, Y, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Montefiori, DC, Alam, SM, Bonsignori, M, Moody, MA, Liao, H-X, Gao, F, and Haynes, BF. "Longitudinal Antigenic Sequences and Sites from Intra-Host Evolution (LASSIE) Identifies Immune-Selected HIV Variants." Viruses 7, no. 10 (October 21, 2015): 5443-5475. Full Text
  - Moody, MA, Gao, F, Gurley, TC, Amos, JD, Kumar, A, Hora, B, Marshall, DJ, Whitesides, JF, Xia, S-M, Parks, R, Lloyd, KE, Hwang, K-K, Lu, X, Bonsignori, M, Finzi, A, Vandergrift, NA, Alam, SM, Ferrari, G, Shen, X, Tomaras, GD, Kamanga, G, Cohen, MS, Sam, NE, Kapiga, S, Gray, ES, Tumba, NL, Morris, L, Zolla-Pazner, S, Gorny, MK, Mascola, JR, Hahn, BH, Shaw, GM, Sodroski, JG, Liao, H-X, Montefiori, DC, Hraber, PT, Korber, BT, and Haynes, BF. "Strain-Specific V3 and CD4 Binding Site Autologous HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies Select Neutralization-Resistant Viruses." Cell host & microbe 18, no. 3 (September 2015): 354-362. Full Text
  - Ma, Y-W, Hao, S-B, Sun, L-L, Li, J, Qiao, Q, Gao, F, Zhao, L, Yu, X-J, Wang, Z-Y, and Wen, H-L. "Construction and characterization of infectious cDNA clones of enterovirus 71 (EV71)." Virologica Sinica 30, no. 4 (August 11, 2015): 305-308. (Letter) Full Text
  - Santra, S, Tomaras, GD, Warrier, R, Nicely, NI, Liao, H-X, Pollara, J, Liu, P, Alam, SM, Zhang, R, Cocklin, SL, Shen, X, Duffy, R, Xia, S-M, Schutte, RJ, Pemble Iv, CW, Dennison, SM, Li, H, Chao, A, Vidnovic, K, Evans, A, Klein, K, Kumar, A, Robinson, J, Landucci, G, Forthal, DN, Montefiori, DC, Kaewkungwal, J, Nitayaphan, S, Pitisuttithum, P, Rerks-Ngarm, S, Robb, ML, Michael, NL, Kim, JH, Soderberg, KA, Giorgi, EE, Blair, L, Korber, BT, Moog, C, Shattock, RJ, Letvin, NL, and Schmitz, JE et al. "Human Non-neutralizing HIV-1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibodies Limit the Number of Founder Viruses during SHIV Mucosal Infection in Rhesus Macaques." PLoS pathogens 11, no. 8 (August 3, 2015): e1005042-. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Blasi, M, Carpenter, JH, Balakumaran, B, Cara, A, Gao, F, and Klotman, ME. "Identification of HIV-1 genitourinary tract compartmentalization by analyzing the env gene sequences in urine." AIDS (London, England) 29, no. 13 (August 2015): 1651-1657. Full Text
  - Chen, Y, Li, N, Zhang, T, Huang, X, Cai, F, Vandergrift, N, Xin, R, Meng, Z, Zhang, X, Jiang, C, Xu, X, Montefiori, DC, Gao, F, and Wu, H. "Comprehensive Characterization of the Transmitted/Founder env Genes From a Single MSM Cohort in China." Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 69, no. 4 (August 2015): 403-412. Full Text
  - Williams, WB, Liao, H-X, Moody, MA, Kepler, TB, Alam, SM, Gao, F, Wiehe, K, Trama, AM, Jones, K, Zhang, R, Song, H, Marshall, DJ, Whitesides, JF, Sawatzki, K, Hua, A, Liu, P, Tay, MZ, Seaton, KE, Shen, X, Foulger, A, Lloyd, KE, Parks, R, Pollara, J, Ferrari, G, Yu, J-S, Vandergrift, N, Montefiori, DC, Sobieszczyk, ME, Hammer, S, Karuna, S, Gilbert, P, Grove, D, Grunenberg, N, McElrath, MJ, Mascola, JR, Koup, RA, Corey, L, Nabel, GJ, Morgan, C, Churchyard, G, Maenza, J, Keefer, M, and Graham, BS et al. "HIV-1 VACCINES. Diversion of HIV-1 vaccine-induced immunity by gp41-microbiota cross-reactive antibodies." Science (New York, N.Y.) 349, no. 6249 (August 2015): aab1253-. Full Text
  - Demarco, T, Rountree, W, Hora, B, Chen, Y, Keinonen, S, Racz, L, Daniell, L, Louzao, R, Sanchez, A, Busch, M, Denny, T, and Gao, F. "HIV-1 subtype C is significantly more infectious than other subtypes." JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY 18 (July 2015). Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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  - Gao, F, Robertson, DL, Carruthers, CD, Li, Y, Bailes, E, Kostrikis, LG, Salminen, MO, Bibollet-Ruche, F, Peeters, M, Ho, DD, Shaw, GM, Sharp, PM, and Hahn, BH. "An isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originally classified as subtype I represents a complex mosaic comprising three different group M subtypes (A, G, and I)." Journal of Virology 72, no. 12 (1998): 10234-10241.
  - Gao, F, Robertson, DL, Carruthers, CD, Morrison, SG, Jian, B, Chen, Y, Barré-Sinoussi, F, Girard, M, Srinivasan, A, Abimiku, AG, Shaw, GM, Sharp, PM, and Hahn, BH. "A comprehensive panel of near-full-length clones and reference sequences for non-subtype B isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1." Journal of Virology 72, no. 7 (1998): 5680-5698.
  - Georges-Courbot, MC, Lu, CY, Makuwa, M, Telfer, P, Onanga, R, Dubreuil, G, Chen, Z, Smith, SM, Georges, A, Gao, F, Hahn, BH, and Marx, PA. "Natural infection of a household pet red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus torquatus) with a new simian immunodeficiency virus." Journal of Virology 72, no. 1 (1998): 600-608.
  - Owen, SM, Ellenberger, D, Rayfield, M, Wiktor, S, Michel, P, Grieco, MH, Gao, F, Hahn, BH, and Lal, RB. "Genetically divergent strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 use multiple coreceptors for viral entry." Journal of Virology 72, no. 7 (1998): 5425-5432.
  - Betts, MR, Krowka, J, Santamaria, C, Balsamo, K, Gao, F, Mulundu, G, Luo, C, N'Gandu, N, Sheppard, H, Hahn, BH, Allen, S, and Frelinger, JA. "Cross-clade human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T- lymphocyte responses in HIV-infected Zambians." Journal of Virology 71, no. 11 (1997): 8908-8911.
  - Salminen, MO, Carr, JK, Robertson, DL, Hegerich, P, Gotte, D, Koch, C, Sanders-Buell, E, Gao, F, Sharp, PM, Hahn, BH, Burke, DS, and McCutchan, FE. "Evolution and probable transmission of intersubtype recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in a Zambian couple." Journal of Virology 71, no. 4 (1997): 2647-2655.
  - Wilson, CC, Kalams, SA, Wilkes, BM, Ruhl, DJ, Gao, F, Hahn, BH, Hanson, IC, Luzuriaga, K, Wolinsky, S, Koup, R, Buchbinder, SP, Johnson, RP, and Walker, BD. "Overlapping epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 presented by HLA A, B, and C molecules: Effects of viral variation on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recognition." Journal of Virology 71, no. 2 (1997): 1256-1264.
  - Gao, F, Morrison, SG, Robertson, DL, Thornton, CL, Craig, S, Karlsson, G, Sodroski, J, Morgado, M, Galvao-Castro, B, Briesen, HV, Beddows, S, Weber, J, Sharp, PM, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Osmanov, S, Heyward, WL, and Esparza, J. "Molecular cloning and analysis of functional envelope genes from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequence subtypes A through G." Journal of Virology 70, no. 3 (1996): 1651-1667.
  - Gao, F, Robertson, DL, Morrison, SG, Hui, H, Craig, S, Decker, J, Fultz, PN, Girard, M, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, and Sharp, PM. "The heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic in Thailand is caused by an intersubtype (A/E) recombinant of African origin." Journal of Virology 70, no. 10 (1996): 7013-7029.
  - Karlsson, GB, Gao, F, Robinson, J, Hahn, B, and Sodroski, J. "Increased envelope spike density and stability are not required for the neutralization resistance of primary human immunodeficiency viruses." Journal of Virology 70, no. 9 (1996): 6136-6142.
  - Gao, F, Yue, L, Craig, S, Thornton, CL, Robertson, DL, McCutchan, FE, Bradac, JA, Sharp, PM, Hahn, BH, Osmanov, S, Belsey, EM, Heyward, W, Esparza, J, Galvao-Castro, B, Perre, PVD, Karita, E, Wasl, C, Sempala, S, and Tugume, B. "Genetic variation of HIV type 1 in four World Organization-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites: Generation of functional envelope (glycoprotein 160) clones representative of sequence subtypes A, B, C, and E." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 10, no. 11 (1994): 1359-1368.
  - Gao, F, Yue, L, Hill, SC, Robertson, DL, Graves, AH, Saag, MS, Shaw, GM, Sharp, PM, and Hahn, BH. "HIV-1 sequence subtype D in the United States." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 10, no. 5 (1994): 625-627.
  - Gao, F, Yue, L, Robertson, DL, Hill, SC, Hui, H, Biggar, RJ, Neequaye, AE, Whelan, TM, Ho, DD, Shaw, GM, Sharp, PM, and Hahn, BH. "Genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 2: Evidence for distinct sequence subtypes with differences in virus biology." Journal of Virology 68, no. 11 (1994): 7433-7447.
  - Sharp, PM, Robertson, DL, Gao, F, and Hahn, BH. "Origins and diversity of human immunodeficiency viruses." AIDS 8, no. SUPPL. 1 (1994): S27-S42.
  - Gao, F, Yue, L, Sharp, PM, and Hahn, BH. "Genetic typing of HIV-2 from a Senegalese/German heterosexual transmission." AIDS research and human retroviruses 9, no. 7 (July 1993): 703-704. Full Text
  - Gao, F. "Origin of HIV-2 in West Africa." Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 47, no. 2-3 (1993): 111--.
  - Gao, F, Yue, L, White, AT, Pappas, PG, Barchue, J, Hanson, AP, Greene, BM, Sharp, PM, Shaw, GM, and Hahn, BH. "Human infection by genetically diverse SIV_SM-related HIV-2 in West Africa." Nature 358, no. 6386 (1992): 495-499.
  - Mulligan, MJ, Yamshchikov, GV, Jr, GDR, Gao, F, Jin, MJ, Nail, CD, Spies, CP, Hahn, BH, and Compans, RW. "Cytoplasmic domain truncation enhances fusion activity by the exterior glycoprotein complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in selected cell types." Journal of Virology 66, no. 6 (1992): 3971-3975.
- Other Articles
  - Rodenburg, CM, Li, Y, Trask, SA, Chen, Y, Decker, J, Robertson, DL, Kalish, ML, Shaw, GM, Allen, S, Hahn, BH, Gao, F, Osmanov, S, Jacobs, L, Esparza, J, Galvao-Castro, B, Shao, Y, Samuel, N, Maayan, S, Bobkov, A, Smolskaya, T, Makgoba, W, Williamson, C, M'Boup, S, Mhalu, F, Auewarakul, P, Kaleebu, P, Sempala, S, Dietrich, U, Briesen, HV, Nick, S, Nubling, M, Halbauer, J, Hamouda, O, Kücherer, C, Riedl, R, Wolf, H, Hoelscher, M, Holmes, H, Beddows, S, Giraldo, G, Buonaguro, L, and Scarlatti, G et al. "Near full-length clones and reference sequences for subtype C isolates of HIV type 1 from three different continents." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 17, no. 2 (2001): 161-168. Full Text

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