Journal ArticleJ Virol · July 23, 2024
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), a neurotropic betacoronavirus, is prevalent in natural reservoir pigs and infects mice. This raises concerns about host jumping or spillover, but little is known about the cause of occurrence. Here, ...
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Journal ArticleInt J Mol Sci · June 29, 2024
Viral infection generally induces polyclonal neutralizing antibody responses. However, how many lineages of antibody responses can fully represent the neutralization activities in sera has not been well studied. Using the newly designed stable HIV-1 Env tr ...
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Journal ArticleHypertension Research · January 1, 2024
Preeclampsia (PE) is a heterogeneous disease that seriously affects the health of mothers and fetuses. Lack of detection assays, its diagnosis and intervention are often delayed when the clinical symptoms are atypical. Using personalized pathway-based anal ...
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Journal ArticleInt J Mol Sci · August 10, 2023
HIV-1 vaccines have been challenging to develop, partly due to the high level of genetic variation in its genome. Thus, a vaccine that can induce cross-reactive neutralization activities will be needed. Studies on the co-evolution of antibodies and viruses ...
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Journal ArticleNano Lett · May 10, 2023
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected over 84 million people since its discovery and is a huge threat to human health. While an HIV vaccine is urgently needed to curb this devastating pandemic, it has been notoriously difficult to develop, pa ...
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Journal ArticleViruses · January 13, 2023
Genital herpes (GH) has become one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide, and it is spreading rapidly in developing countries. Approximately 90% of GH cases are caused by HSV-2. Therapeutic HSV-2 vaccines are intended for people alread ...
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Journal ArticleViruses · December 21, 2022
Genetic analyses showed nearly 30 amino acid mutations occurred in the spike protein of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. However, how these mutations occurred and changed during the generation and development of Omicron remains unclear. In this study, 6. ...
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Journal ArticleEmerg Microbes Infect · December 2022
Since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was first reported from South Africa, it has rapidly spread in over 100 countries. Only two cases infected by the Omicron variant were recently identified in China. The one case in Guangzhou has a relatively long incuba ...
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Journal ArticleVaccines · September 1, 2022
Contagious ecthyma (Orf) is a highly contagious disease caused by Orf virus (ORFV) infection. Orf is prevalent all over the world and, not only affects the healthy development of sheep husbandry, but also threatens human health. However, there are no safe ...
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Journal ArticleMicrob Biotechnol · July 2022
Preclinical studies have shown that the induction of secretory IgA (sIgA) in mucosa and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in sera is essential for designing vaccines that can effectively block the transmission of HIV-1. We previously showed that a vaccine con ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · June 8, 2022
Despite the worldwide availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART), approximately 150,000 pediatric HIV infections continue to occur annually. ART can dramatically reduce HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), but inconsistent drug access and adherence, ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Pathog · June 2022
Regulation of chromatin structure and accessibility determines the transcription activities of genes, which endows the host with function-specific patterns of gene expression. Upon viral infection, the innate immune responses provide the first line of defe ...
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Journal ArticleInt J Mol Sci · May 31, 2022
The recent novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) outbreak created a severe public health burden worldwide. Unfortunately, the SARS-CoV-2 variant is still spreading at an unprecedented speed in many countries and regions. There is still a lack o ...
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Journal ArticleAdv Sci (Weinh) · May 2022
Understanding maturation pathways of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV-1 can be highly informative for HIV-1 vaccine development. A lineage of J038 bnAbs is now obtained from a long-term SHIV-infected macaque. J038 neutralizes 54% of glob ...
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Journal ArticleiScience · March 18, 2022
Here, we evaluated the immune properties of the HLA-A2 restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes containing mutations from B.1.1.7, and furthermore performed a comprehensive analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8+ T cell responses from COVID-19 convalescent patient ...
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Journal ArticleFront Immunol · 2022
Many of the best HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) known have poly-/autoreactive features that disfavor normal B cell development and maturation, posing a major hurdle in developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Key to resolving this problem is t ...
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Journal ArticleViruses · December 29, 2021
Inactivated vaccines based on cell culture are very useful in the prevention and control of many diseases. The most popular strategy for the production of inactivated vaccines is based on monkey-derived Vero cells, which results in high productivity of the ...
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Journal ArticleNat Med · November 2021
Certain infected individuals suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the absence of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Elucidating the underlying mechanism(s) is of high interest. Here we present two contrasting case reports of HIV-infected individuals ...
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Journal ArticleCell Rep Med · July 20, 2021
Study of evolution and selection pressure on HIV-1 in fetuses will lead to a better understanding of the role of immune responses in shaping virus evolution and vertical transmission. Detailed genetic analyses of HIV-1 env gene from 12 in utero transmissio ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · July 23, 2024
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), a neurotropic betacoronavirus, is prevalent in natural reservoir pigs and infects mice. This raises concerns about host jumping or spillover, but little is known about the cause of occurrence. Here, ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleInt J Mol Sci · June 29, 2024
Viral infection generally induces polyclonal neutralizing antibody responses. However, how many lineages of antibody responses can fully represent the neutralization activities in sera has not been well studied. Using the newly designed stable HIV-1 Env tr ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleHypertension Research · January 1, 2024
Preeclampsia (PE) is a heterogeneous disease that seriously affects the health of mothers and fetuses. Lack of detection assays, its diagnosis and intervention are often delayed when the clinical symptoms are atypical. Using personalized pathway-based anal ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleInt J Mol Sci · August 10, 2023
HIV-1 vaccines have been challenging to develop, partly due to the high level of genetic variation in its genome. Thus, a vaccine that can induce cross-reactive neutralization activities will be needed. Studies on the co-evolution of antibodies and viruses ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleNano Lett · May 10, 2023
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected over 84 million people since its discovery and is a huge threat to human health. While an HIV vaccine is urgently needed to curb this devastating pandemic, it has been notoriously difficult to develop, pa ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleViruses · January 13, 2023
Genital herpes (GH) has become one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide, and it is spreading rapidly in developing countries. Approximately 90% of GH cases are caused by HSV-2. Therapeutic HSV-2 vaccines are intended for people alread ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleViruses · December 21, 2022
Genetic analyses showed nearly 30 amino acid mutations occurred in the spike protein of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. However, how these mutations occurred and changed during the generation and development of Omicron remains unclear. In this study, 6. ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleEmerg Microbes Infect · December 2022
Since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was first reported from South Africa, it has rapidly spread in over 100 countries. Only two cases infected by the Omicron variant were recently identified in China. The one case in Guangzhou has a relatively long incuba ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleVaccines · September 1, 2022
Contagious ecthyma (Orf) is a highly contagious disease caused by Orf virus (ORFV) infection. Orf is prevalent all over the world and, not only affects the healthy development of sheep husbandry, but also threatens human health. However, there are no safe ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleMicrob Biotechnol · July 2022
Preclinical studies have shown that the induction of secretory IgA (sIgA) in mucosa and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in sera is essential for designing vaccines that can effectively block the transmission of HIV-1. We previously showed that a vaccine con ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleJ Virol · June 8, 2022
Despite the worldwide availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART), approximately 150,000 pediatric HIV infections continue to occur annually. ART can dramatically reduce HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), but inconsistent drug access and adherence, ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticlePLoS Pathog · June 2022
Regulation of chromatin structure and accessibility determines the transcription activities of genes, which endows the host with function-specific patterns of gene expression. Upon viral infection, the innate immune responses provide the first line of defe ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleInt J Mol Sci · May 31, 2022
The recent novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) outbreak created a severe public health burden worldwide. Unfortunately, the SARS-CoV-2 variant is still spreading at an unprecedented speed in many countries and regions. There is still a lack o ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleAdv Sci (Weinh) · May 2022
Understanding maturation pathways of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV-1 can be highly informative for HIV-1 vaccine development. A lineage of J038 bnAbs is now obtained from a long-term SHIV-infected macaque. J038 neutralizes 54% of glob ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleiScience · March 18, 2022
Here, we evaluated the immune properties of the HLA-A2 restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes containing mutations from B.1.1.7, and furthermore performed a comprehensive analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 specific CD8+ T cell responses from COVID-19 convalescent patient ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleFront Immunol · 2022
Many of the best HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) known have poly-/autoreactive features that disfavor normal B cell development and maturation, posing a major hurdle in developing an effective HIV-1 vaccine. Key to resolving this problem is t ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleViruses · December 29, 2021
Inactivated vaccines based on cell culture are very useful in the prevention and control of many diseases. The most popular strategy for the production of inactivated vaccines is based on monkey-derived Vero cells, which results in high productivity of the ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleNat Med · November 2021
Certain infected individuals suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the absence of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Elucidating the underlying mechanism(s) is of high interest. Here we present two contrasting case reports of HIV-infected individuals ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleCell Rep Med · July 20, 2021
Study of evolution and selection pressure on HIV-1 in fetuses will lead to a better understanding of the role of immune responses in shaping virus evolution and vertical transmission. Detailed genetic analyses of HIV-1 env gene from 12 in utero transmissio ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticleChinese Journal of Pathophysiology · June 1, 2021
Compared with the swift approval and mass use of COVID-19 vaccines,a successful AIDS vaccine is still elusive after over 30 years of research. The recent failure of a phase III trial of AIDS vaccine(HVTN 702)in South Africa has overshadowed the moderate ho ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Pathog · April 2021
Despite considerable reduction of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV through use of maternal and infant antiretroviral therapy (ART), over 150,000 infants continue to become infected with HIV annually, falling far short of the World Health Organiza ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · December 22, 2020
The global diversity of HIV forms a major challenge to the development of an HIV vaccine, as well as diagnostic, drug resistance, and viral load assays, which are essential to reaching the UNAIDS 90:90:90 targets. We sought to determine country level HIV-1 ...
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Journal ArticleMedicine (Baltimore) · November 13, 2020
HIV-1 persists indefinitely in multiple cellular reservoirs despite antiretroviral therapy. We previously demonstrated HIV-1 compartmentalization in kidney and urine. Here, we further characterized viruses in urine and when available, compared them to thos ...
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Journal ArticleLancet HIV · November 2020
BACKGROUND: Global HIV-1 genetic diversity and evolution form a major challenge to treatment and prevention efforts. An increasing number of distinct HIV-1 recombinants have been identified worldwide, but their contribution to the global epidemic is unknow ...
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Journal ArticlemSphere · October 14, 2020
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has been widely used to characterize HIV-1 genome sequences. There are no algorithms currently that can directly determine genotype and quasispecies population using short HTS reads generated from long genome sequences with ...
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Journal ArticleSci Adv · July 2020
COVID-19 has become a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the origins of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for deterring future zoonosis, discovering new drugs, and developing a vaccine. We show evidence of strong purifying selec ...
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Journal ArticlemSphere · June 3, 2020
A maternal vaccine capable of boosting neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses directed against circulating viruses in HIV-infected pregnant women could effectively decrease mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, it is not known if an HIV envelope (En ...
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Journal ArticleImmunology letters · June 2020
Although many vaccines have been designed to induce effective mucosal immune responses against HIV-1, designing an effective HIV-1 vaccine remains a challenge. Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) are a new type of vector used to induce mucosal immune responses ...
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Journal ArticleViruses · May 18, 2020
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is likely to become the new standard method for HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) genotyping. Despite the significant advances in the development of wet-lab protocols and bioinformatic data processing pipelines, one often-missing ...
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Journal ArticleViruses · May 16, 2020
Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the adoption of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) testing. NGS far outweighs conventional Sanger sequencing as it has much higher throughput, lower cost when sa ...
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Journal ArticlemBio · March 10, 2020
Each year, >180,000 infants become infected via mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV despite the availability of effective maternal antiretroviral treatments, underlining the need for a maternal HIV vaccine. We characterized 224 maternal HIV envelope ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect · February 2020
OBJECTIVE: Viral fitness plays an important role in HIV-1 evolution, transmission and pathogenesis. However, how mutations accumulated during early infection affect viral fitness has not been well studied. METHODS: Paired infectious molecular clones (IMCs) ...
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Journal ArticleViruses · January 31, 2020
Non-human primates (NHP) are the only animal model suitable to evaluate the protection efficacy of HIV-1 vaccines. It is important to understand how and when neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) with specificities similar to those of human broadly neutralizing a ...
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Journal ArticleMicrobiol Immunol · January 2020
An integrase-defective SIV (idSIV) vaccine delivered by a DNA prime and viral particle boost approach can suppress viral loads (VLs) during the acute infection stage after intravenous SIVmac239 challenge. This study investigated how idSIV DNA and viral par ...
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Journal ArticleMicrob Pathog · September 2019
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a major public health concern, especially among infants and young children. The primary pathogen of HFMD is enterovirus 71 (EV71), whose capsid assembly mechanism including capsid protein processing has been widely s ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol Methods · May 2019
Characterization of neutralizing activities are critical to evaluation of the neutralization potency and breadth of monoclonal antibodies or anti-HIV-1 sera elicited during natural HIV-1 infection or by vaccines. We have developed a new neutralization meth ...
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Journal ArticleInt J Mol Sci · March 27, 2019
The human diploid cell line Medical Research Council -5 (MRC-5) is commonly utilized for vaccine development. Although a rabies vaccine developed in cultured MRC-5 cells exists, the poor susceptibility of MRC-5 cells to the rabies virus (RABV) infection li ...
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Journal ArticleJ Gen Virol · March 2019
The growth rate of new HIV infections in the Philippines was the fastest of any countries in the Asia-Pacific region between 2010 and 2016. To date, HIV-1 subtyping results in the Philippines have been determined by characterizing only partial viral genome ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · March 1, 2019
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a highly neurotropic virus that causes diffuse neuronal infection with neurological damage and high mortality. Virus-induced cytoskeletal dynamics are thought to be closely related to this type of ...
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Journal ArticleLancet Infect Dis · February 2019
BACKGROUND: Global genetic diversity of HIV-1 is a major challenge to the development of HIV vaccines. We aimed to estimate the regional and global distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants during 1990-2015. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid) ...
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Journal ArticleVirol Sin · February 2019
Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that are secreted by many eukaryotic cells. It has recently attracted attention as vehicles of intercellular communication. Virus-infected cells release exosomes, which contain viral proteins, RNA, and pathogenic molecule ...
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Journal ArticleCell Rep · October 23, 2018
Densely arranged N-linked glycans shield the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer from antibody recognition. Strain-specific breaches in this shield (glycan holes) can be targets of vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies that lack breadth. To understand the interp ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · October 1, 2018
While prior studies have demonstrated that CD8 T cell responses to cryptic epitopes (CE) are readily detectable during HIV-1 infection, their ability to drive escape mutations following acute infection is unknown. We predicted 66 CE in a Zambian acute infe ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · August 15, 2018
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a highly neurovirulent coronavirus and causes neurological dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS), but the neuropathological mechanism of PHEV remains poorly understood. We report that Unc ...
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Journal ArticleVaccine · August 9, 2018
Adjuvants have been proven to be very effective in enhancement of immune response of many antigens. However, few studies involved head-to-head comparison of their potentials in inactive rabies virus vaccine. In this study, we investigated two types of alum ...
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Journal ArticleJ Microbiol Biotechnol · June 28, 2018
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection has been a public health concern worldwide. It is the leading cause of genital herpes and a contributing factor to cervical cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. No vaccine is available yet f ...
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Journal ArticleJ Microbiol Biotechnol · June 28, 2018
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious health issue around the word. Adenovirus (Ad)-based vaccine and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based vaccine have emerged as two of the most promising immunization candidates over the past few years. However, the p ...
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Journal ArticleImmunol Lett · June 2018
Pertussis, or whooping cough, has recently reemerged as a major public health threat despite high levels of vaccination. The development of a novel pertussis vaccine, especially an intranasal (i.n.) vaccine is undoubtedly necessary, and mucosal adjuvants h ...
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Journal ArticleNat Commun · May 15, 2018
Recombination in HIV-1 is well documented, but its importance in the low-diversity setting of within-host diversification is less understood. Here we develop a novel computational tool (RAPR (Recombination Analysis PRogram)) to enable a detailed view of in ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Pathog · April 2018
Despite extensive genetic diversity of HIV-1 in chronic infection, a single or few maternal virus variants become the founders of an infant's infection. These transmitted/founder (T/F) variants are of particular interest, as a maternal or infant HIV vaccin ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS · March 13, 2018
OBJECTIVE: Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are the only animal model that can be used to evaluate protection efficacy of HIV-1 envelope vaccines. However, whether broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can be elicited in NHPs infected with simian/human immunodef ...
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Journal ArticleViruses · March 9, 2018
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the causative pathogen of genital herpes and is closely associated with the occurrence of cervical cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The absence of an effective vaccine and the emergence of drug ...
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ConferenceOptics InfoBase Conference Papers · January 1, 2018
Spinal cord ischemia is a tragic and devastating complication of surgery and trauma. We have developed a catheter-based optical tool to continuously monitor spinal cord hemodynamics and oxygen saturation at multiple sites along the spine. ...
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Journal ArticleFront Med · December 2017
Superinfection is frequently detected among individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Superinfection occurs at similar frequencies at acute and chronic infection stages but less frequently than primary infection. This observation ...
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Journal ArticleNat Commun · November 23, 2017
A strategy for HIV-1 vaccine development is to define envelope (Env) evolution of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in infection and to recreate those events by vaccination. Here, we report host tolerance mechanisms that limit the development of CD4- ...
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Journal ArticleRetrovirology · October 10, 2017
BACKGROUND: Mutations rapidly accumulate in the HIV-1 genome after infection. Some of those mutations are selected by host immune responses and often cause viral fitness losses. This study is to investigate whether strongly selected mutations that are not ...
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Journal ArticleBiomed Environ Sci · October 2017
Enterovirus 71 is a neuroinvasive virus that is associated with severe neurological complications. We had earlier suggested that the replication capacity of a severe strain was higher than that of a mild strain. The recombinant 3CRV and 3CDRV virus strains ...
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Journal ArticleInfect Genet Evol · September 2017
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) have been considered major pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) throughout the world for decades. In recent years, coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) and coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) have raised attentio ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · August 2017
Antibodies that cross-react with multiple HIV-1 envelopes (Envs) are useful reagents for characterizing Env proteins and for soluble Env capture and purification assays. We previously reported 10 murine monoclonal antibodies induced by group M consensus En ...
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Journal ArticleAntiviral Res · August 2017
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the causative pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), especially the form associated with fatal neurological disorders. Sustained outbreaks of EV71 infections remain a serious health threat worldwide. However, no a ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Pathog · July 2017
In order to inform the rational design of HIV-1 preventive and cure interventions it is critical to understand the events occurring during acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). Using viral deep sequencing on six participants from the early capture acute infection R ...
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Journal ArticleViruses · June 2, 2017
The suppression of viral loads and identification of selection signatures in non-human primates after challenge are indicators for effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines. To mimic the protective immunity e ...
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Journal ArticleMicrobiol Immunol · May 2017
The high prevalence of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infections in humans necessitates the development of a safe and effective vaccine that will need to induce vigorous T-cell responses to control viral infection and transmission. We designed rAd-gD2, rAd ...
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Journal ArticleSci Transl Med · March 15, 2017
A preventive HIV-1 vaccine should induce HIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). However, bnAbs generally require high levels of somatic hypermutation (SHM) to acquire breadth, and current vaccine strategies have not been successful in indu ...
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Journal ArticleSci Immunol · January 27, 2017
Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. Antibody 10E8, reactive with the distal portion of the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41, is broadly neutralizing. However, the ontogeny of di ...
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Journal ArticleImmunol Rev · January 2017
Induction of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to date has only been observed in the setting of HIV-1 infection, and then only years after HIV transmission. Thus, the concept has emerged that one path to induction of bnAbs is to define the vira ...
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Journal ArticleSci Rep · December 2, 2016
A severe bottleneck exists during HIV-1 mucosal transmission. However, viral properties that determine HIV-1 transmissibility are not fully elucidated. We identified multiple transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses in six HIV-1-infected subjects by analyzing who ...
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Journal ArticleEBioMedicine · October 2016
Most HIV-1 vaccines elicit neutralizing antibodies that are active against highly sensitive (tier-1) viruses or rare cases of vaccine-matched neutralization-resistant (tier-2) viruses, but no vaccine has induced antibodies that can broadly neutralize heter ...
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Journal ArticleJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · August 1, 2016
BACKGROUND: Two strand transfers of nascent DNA fragments during reverse transcription are required for retrovirus replication. However, whether strand transfers occur at illegitimate sites and how this may affect retrovirus replication are not well unders ...
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Journal ArticleSci Immunol · July 29, 2016
Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development. bnAbs occur in some HIV-1-infected individuals and frequently have characteristics of autoantibodies. We have studied cohorts of HIV-1-infected individuals who mad ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Pathog · July 2016
The development of biomedical interventions to reduce acquisition of HIV-1 infection remains a global priority, however their potential effectiveness is challenged by very high HIV-1 envelope diversity. Two large prophylactic trials in high incidence, clad ...
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Journal ArticleSci Transl Med · April 27, 2016
Development of an HIV vaccine is a global priority. A major roadblock to a vaccine is an inability to induce protective broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). HIV gp41 bnAbs have characteristics that predispose them to be controlled by tolerance. We used ...
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Journal ArticleCell · April 7, 2016
Antibodies with ontogenies from VH1-2 or VH1-46-germline genes dominate the broadly neutralizing response against the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) on HIV-1. Here, we define with longitudinal sampling from time-of-infection the development of a VH1-46-derived a ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · January 15, 2016
UNLABELLED: Studies of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections of humans are limited by the use of rodent models such as mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs. Tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) are small mammals indigenous to southwest Asia. At behavioral, a ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · January 2016
A multiplex allele-specific (MAS) assay has been developed for the detection of HIV-1 subtype C drug resistance mutations (DRMs). We have optimized the MAS assay to determine subtype B DRMs in dried blood spots (DBS) collected from patients on antiretrovir ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2016
HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance are routinely tested by many international surveillance groups. However, results from different sites often vary. A systematic comparison of results from multiple sites is needed to determine whether a standardized protoc ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2016
A number of HIV-1 subtypes are identified in Pakistan by characterization of partial viral gene sequences. Little is known whether new recombinants are generated and how they disseminate since whole genome sequences for these viruses have not been characte ...
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Journal ArticleVaccine · November 27, 2015
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), as the main agents causing hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), have become a serious public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region. Recently, various neutralizing B cell epitopes of EV71 were identi ...
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Journal ArticleViruses · October 21, 2015
Within-host genetic sequencing from samples collected over time provides a dynamic view of how viruses evade host immunity. Immune-driven mutations might stimulate neutralization breadth by selecting antibodies adapted to cycles of immune escape that gener ...
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Journal ArticleCell Host Microbe · September 9, 2015
The third variable (V3) loop and the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of the HIV-1 envelope are frequently targeted by neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in infected individuals. In chronic infection, HIV-1 escape mutants repopulate the plasma, and V3 and CD4bs nAbs e ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS · August 24, 2015
OBJECTIVE: HIV-1 persists indefinitely in memory CD4 T cells and other long-lived cellular reservoirs despite antiretroviral therapy. Our group had previously demonstrated that HIV-1 can establish a productive infection in renal epithelial cells and that t ...
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Journal ArticleScience · August 14, 2015
An HIV-1 DNA prime vaccine, with a recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) boost, failed to protect from HIV-1 acquisition. We studied the nature of the vaccine-induced antibody (Ab) response to HIV-1 envelope (Env). HIV-1-reactive plasma Ab titers were highe ...
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Journal ArticleJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · August 1, 2015
BACKGROUND: The men having sex with men (MSM) population has become one of the major risk groups for HIV-1 infection in China. However, the epidemiological patterns, function of the env genes, and autologous and heterologous neutralization activity in the ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Pathog · August 2015
HIV-1 mucosal transmission begins with virus or virus-infected cells moving through mucus across mucosal epithelium to infect CD4+ T cells. Although broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are the type of HIV-1 antibodies that are most likely protective, t ...
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Journal ArticleVirol Sin · August 2015
UNLABELLED: [Image: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s12250-015-3614-3 and is accessible for authorized users. ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Invest · July 1, 2015
Despite the wide availability of antiretroviral drugs, more than 250,000 infants are vertically infected with HIV-1 annually, emphasizing the need for additional interventions to eliminate pediatric HIV-1 infections. Here, we aimed to define humoral immune ...
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Journal ArticleViruses · March 27, 2015
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major causative pathogen of hand, foot and mouth disease with especially severe neurologic complications, which mainly account for fatalities from this disease. To date, the pathogenesis of EV71 in the central neurons system has ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2015
The relatively high detection limit of the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) prevents its application for detection of low concentrations of antigens. To increase the sensitivity for detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen, we developed a highly sensitive n ...
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Journal ArticleRetrovirology · November 19, 2014
BACKGROUND: Fitness costs and slower disease progression are associated with a cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutation T242N in Gag in HIV-1-infected individuals carrying HLA-B*57/5801 alleles. However, the impact of different context in diverse HIV-1 ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · November 2014
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UNLABELLED: Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are a high priority for vaccines that aim to prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection. Vaccine effectiveness will depend on the extent to which induced antibodies neutralize the global diversity of circulating H ...
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Journal ArticleRetrovirology · September 12, 2014
BACKGROUND: A major immune evasion mechanism of HIV-1 is the accumulation of non-synonymous mutations in and around T cell epitopes, resulting in loss of T cell recognition and virus escape. RESULTS: Here we analyze primary CD8+ T cell responses and virus ...
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Journal ArticleCell · July 31, 2014
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Development of strategies for induction of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) by vaccines is a priority. Determining the steps of bnAb induction in HIV-1-infected individuals who make bnAbs is a key strategy for immunogen design. Here, we study ...
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Journal ArticleProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · July 15, 2014
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Rapidly evolving pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency and influenza viruses, escape immune defenses provided by most vaccine-induced antibodies. Proposed strategies to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies require a deeper understanding of antibody a ...
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Journal ArticleJ Immunol Methods · July 2014
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The significant diversity among HIV-1 variants poses serious challenges for vaccine development and for developing sensitive assays for screening, surveillance, diagnosis, and clinical management. Recognizing a need to develop a panel of HIV representing t ...
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Journal ArticleJ Allergy Clin Immunol · July 2014
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The past 2 years have seen a number of basic and translational science advances in the quest for development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. These advances include discovery of new envelope targets of potentially protective antibodies, demonstration that CD ...
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Journal ArticleEmerg Infect Dis · July 2014
We investigated an acute outbreak of the cutaneous form of fowlpox among chickens in China in November 2009. Using pathologic and virologic methods, we identified a novel type of fowlpox virus that carried an integrated genomic sequence of reticuloendothel ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Invest · April 2014
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Broadly HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs) display one or more unusual traits, including a long heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3), polyreactivity, and high levels of somatic mutations. These shared characteristics suggest that BnA ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2014
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The majority of HIV-1 strains enter CD4+ T cells using the CCR5 and/or CXCR4 co-receptor. However, we recently identified a transmitted/founder (T/F) virus (ZP6248) that efficiently used an alternative coreceptor GPR15, rather than commonly used CXCR4 and ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2014
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Immune escape mutations that revert back to the consensus sequence frequently occur in newly HIV-1-infected individuals and have been thought to render the viruses more fit. However, their impact on viral fitness and their interaction with other immune esc ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2014
Artificial recombinants can be generated during PCR when more than two genetically distinct templates coexist in a single PCR reaction. These recombinant amplicons can lead to the false interpretation of genetic diversity and incorrect identification of bi ...
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Journal ArticleRetrovirology · December 3, 2013
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BACKGROUND: Following mucosal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission, type 1 interferons (IFNs) are rapidly induced at sites of initial virus replication in the mucosa and draining lymph nodes. However, the role played by IFN-stimulated a ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · November 2013
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High-throughput, sensitive, and cost-effective HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) detection assays are needed for large-scale monitoring of the emergence and transmission of HIVDR in resource-limited settings. Using suspension array technology, we have developed ...
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Journal ArticleRetrovirology · August 14, 2013
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BACKGROUND: Intrapartum administration of single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) reduces perinatal HIV-1 transmission in resource-limiting settings by half. Yet this strategy has limited effect on subsequent breast milk transmission, making the case for new treatm ...
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Journal ArticleVirol J · August 6, 2013
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BACKGROUND: Human enterovirus type 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A group type 16 (CA16) belong to human Enterovirus species A of the family Picornaviridae. These viruses are recognized as the major pathogens responsible for epidemics of hand-foot-mouth dise ...
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Journal ArticleZhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi · July 9, 2013
OBJECTIVE: To explore the etiologic characteristics of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Beijing. METHODS: A multicenter cohort of 510 adult CAP patients were enrolled from Beijing during the period of November 2010 to May 2012. Mul ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · July 2013
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Understanding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission is central to developing effective prevention strategies, including a vaccine. We compared phenotypic and genetic variation in HIV-1 env genes from subjects in acute/early infection and ...
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Journal ArticleNature · April 25, 2013
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Current human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. However, cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies arise in approximately 20% of HIV-1-infected individuals, and details of their generation could provide ...
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Journal ArticleProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · April 23, 2013
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Defining the virus-host interactions responsible for HIV-1 transmission, including the phenotypic requirements of viruses capable of establishing de novo infections, could be important for AIDS vaccine development. Previous analyses have failed to identify ...
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Journal ArticleVirol J · April 11, 2013
BACKGROUND: Hand, foot and mouth diseases (HFMD) caused by enterovirus 71(EV71) presents a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild febrile disease to fatal neurolocal disease. However, the mechanism of virulence is unknown. METHODS: We ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · April 2013
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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine development requires selection of appropriate envelope (Env) immunogens. Twenty HIV-1 Env glycoproteins were examined for their ability to bind human anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and then used ...
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Journal ArticleRetrovirology · January 10, 2013
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BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is a leading cause of infant HIV-1 infection in the developing world, yet only a minority of infants exposed to HIV-1 via breastfeeding become infected. As a genetic bottleneck severely restricts the number of postnatally-transmit ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Invest · January 2013
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HIV-1 accumulates mutations in and around reactive epitopes to escape recognition and killing by CD8+ T cells. Measurements of HIV-1 time to escape should therefore provide information on which parameters are most important for T cell-mediated in vivo cont ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS One · 2013
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The role of preexisting minority drug-resistance mutations in treatment failure has not been fully understood in chronic hepatitis B patients. To understand mechanisms of drug resistance, we analyzed drug-resistance mutations in 46 treatment-failure patien ...
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Journal ArticleRetrovirology · October 30, 2012
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BACKGROUND: A modest change in HIV-1 fitness can have a significant impact on viral quasispecies evolution and viral pathogenesis, transmission and disease progression. To determine the impact of immune escape mutations selected by cytotoxic T lymphocytes ...
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Journal ArticleVirus Res · October 2012
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Viral replication and neutralization of hepatitis C viruses (HCV) have been studied using the infectious molecular clone JFH-1. By passaging JFH-1 in hepatoma cells in the absence or presence of HCV neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), we investigated the molec ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Pathog · 2012
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Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) most often results from productive infection by a single transmitted/founder (T/F) virus, indicating a stringent mucosal bottleneck. Understanding the viral traits that overcome this bottle ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Pathog · 2012
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Single genome sequencing of early HIV-1 genomes provides a sensitive, dynamic assessment of virus evolution and insight into the earliest anti-viral immune responses in vivo. By using this approach, together with deep sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · November 2011
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A small proportion of HIV-infected individuals generate a neutralizing antibody (NAb) response of exceptional magnitude and breadth. A detailed analysis of the critical epitopes targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies should help to define optimal targ ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · November 2011
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Understanding the interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions and antibodies (Ab) produced during acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) is critical for defining antibody antiviral capabilities. Antibodies that bind virions may prevent tr ...
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Journal ArticleJ Exp Med · October 24, 2011
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The initial antibody response to HIV-1 is targeted to envelope (Env) gp41, and is nonneutralizing and ineffective in controlling viremia. To understand the origins and characteristics of gp41-binding antibodies produced shortly after HIV-1 transmission, we ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · October 2011
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The great majority of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains enter CD4+ target cells by interacting with one of two coreceptors, CCR5 or CXCR4. Here we describe a transmitted/founder (T/F) virus (ZP6248) that was profoundly impaired in its abi ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Pathog · September 2011
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Here we have identified HIV-1 B clade Envelope (Env) amino acid signatures from early in infection that may be favored at transmission, as well as patterns of recurrent mutation in chronic infection that may reflect common pathways of immune evasion. To ac ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · August 2011
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Unhygienic blood collection caused an outbreak of HIV-1 and HCV infections among blood donors in rural areas in Henan province, China. Partial HIV-1 pol and HCV NS5b gene sequences were obtained from 97 persons infected with HIV-1 to determine the efficacy ...
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Journal ArticleChinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology (China) · July 1, 2011
Objective: To isolate enterovirus 71 from a death children, and analyze whether the neurovirulence was related to the variation of nucleotide and amino acid. Methods: Enterovirus 71 was isolated from throat swabs which were colleted from Shandong Linyi Peo ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · July 2011
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Analysis of a large number of HIV-1 genomes at multiple time points after antiretroviral treatment (ART) interruption allows determination of the evolution of drug-resistant viruses and viral fitness in vivo in the absence of drug selection pressure. Using ...
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Journal ArticleAntimicrob Agents Chemother · March 2011
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Raltegravir is highly efficacious in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The prevalence and impact on virologic outcome of low-frequency resistant mutations among HIV-1-infected patients not previously treated with raltegravir have not been fully established ...
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Journal ArticleVirology · January 20, 2011
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Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) are thought to play an important role in prevention and control of HIV-1 infection and should be targeted by an AIDS vaccine. It is critical to understand how HIV-1 induces Nabs by analyzing viral sequences in both tested vir ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Comput Biol · October 7, 2010
A steady increase in knowledge of the molecular and antigenic structure of the gp120 and gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) is yielding important new insights for vaccine design, but it has been difficult to translate this information to an immunogen ...
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Journal ArticleChin Med J (Engl) · September 2010
BACKGROUND: The CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM) is a novel family of proteins linking chemokines and TM4SF. Different members exhibit diverse biological functions. In this study, the effect of intracellular CMTM2 on regulatin ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol Methods · August 2010
Characterization of multiple sites in a single gene that are important in biological phenotypes is challenging due to the difficulty to generate many mutants representing all or a majority of combinations of mutations in the gene. Using the HIV-1 env and p ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · May 2010
Consensus HIV-1 genes can decrease the genetic distances between candidate immunogens and field virus strains. To ensure the functionality and optimal presentation of immunologic epitopes, we generated two group-M consensus env genes that contain variable ...
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Journal ArticleProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 30, 2010
The conserved membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 envelope is a target for the rare broadly neutralizing 2F5, Z13, and 4E10 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). One strategy to elicit such antibodies is to design an immunogen with increased exposure ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS · March 27, 2010
OBJECTIVE: To identify an HIV epitope suitable for vaccine development. DESIGN: Diverse HIV-1 strains express few structurally constant regions on their surface vulnerable to neutralizing antibodies. The mostly conserved CD4-binding site (CD4BS) of gp120 i ...
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Journal ArticleVirology · November 10, 2009
The extraordinarily high level of genetic variation of HIV-1 env genes poses a challenge to obtain antibodies that cross-react with multiple subtype Env glycoproteins. To determine if cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to highly conserved epitopes ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol Methods · June 2009
Defining human B cell repertoires to viral pathogens is critical for design of vaccines that induce broadly protective antibodies to infections such as HIV-1 and influenza. Single B cell sorting and cloning of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy- and light-chain var ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · April 2009
The broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 2F5 and 4E10, both targeting the highly conserved human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope membrane proximal external region (MPER), are among the MAbs with the broadest heterologous n ...
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Journal ArticleWorld Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · March 1, 2009
The fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are a new protein family identified from several edible and medical mushrooms and play an important role in anti-tumor, anti-allergy and immunomodulating activities. A gene encoding the FIP was cloned from the my ...
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Journal ArticleProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · July 29, 2008
One of the major challenges that must be met in developing an HIV-1 vaccine is devising a strategy to generate cellular immunity with sufficient breadth to deal with the extraordinary genetic diversity of the virus. Amino acids in the envelopes of viruses ...
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Journal ArticleProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · May 27, 2008
The precise identification of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) responsible for productive clinical infection could be instrumental in elucidating the molecular basis of HIV-1 transmission and in designing effective vaccines. Here, we developed a mathe ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · December 1, 2007
BACKGROUND: Access to antiretroviral therapy is rapidly expanding in sub-Saharan Africa. Identifying the predictors of incomplete adherence, virologic failure, and antiviral drug resistance is essential to achieving long-term success. METHODS: A total of 1 ...
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Journal ArticleCurr HIV Res · November 2007
Centralized HIV-1 genes (consensus, most recent common ancestor and center of the tree) have recently been explored for induction of broadly reactive immune responses to overcome the extraordinary genetic diversity among HIV-1 strains. Although all of thes ...
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Journal ArticleAntimicrob Agents Chemother · September 2007
Lopinavir (LPV)-ritonavir has demonstrated durable antiviral activity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected antiretroviral-naïve and protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced patients. However, information on LPV activity against HIV-2 and the ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol Methods · July 2007
Functional human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env genes have been widely used for vaccine design, neutralization assays, and pathogenesis studies. However, obtaining bona fide functional env clones is a time consuming and labor intensive process. ...
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Journal ArticleFuture Virology · May 1, 2007
Treatment efficacy in those infected with HIV is eventually compromised by the development of resistance to antiretroviral drugs. To delay resistance in patients it is critical to better understand drug-resistance mechanisms and to accurately detect drug-r ...
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Journal ArticleJ Immunol · April 1, 2007
Two neutralizing human mAbs, 2F5 and 4E10, that react with the HIV-1 envelope gp41 membrane proximal region are also polyspecific autoantibodies that bind to anionic phospholipids. To determine the autoantibody nature of these Abs, we have compared their r ...
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Journal ArticleVirology · March 30, 2007
"Centralized" (ancestral and consensus) HIV-1 envelope immunogens induce broadly cross-reactive T cell responses in laboratory animals; however, their potential to elicit cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies has not been fully explored. Here, we report t ...
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Journal ArticleNat Methods · February 2007
We developed a highly sensitive parallel allele-specific sequencing (PASS) assay to simultaneously analyze a large number of viral genomes and detect minor drug-resistant populations at approximately 0.1-0.01% levels. Using this assay on samples from indiv ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · December 2006
A standard panel of subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env-pseudotyped viruses was created by cloning, sequencing, and characterizing functional gp160 genes from 18 acute and early heterosexually acquired infections in South Africa and Z ...
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Journal ArticleVirology · September 30, 2006
HIV-1 subtype C is the most common HIV-1 group M subtype in Africa and many parts of Asia. However, to date HIV-1 vaccine candidate immunogens have not induced potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies against subtype C primary isolates. We have used a ce ...
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Journal ArticleVirology · September 1, 2006
Immunogens based on "centralized" (ancestral or consensus) HIV-1 sequences minimize the genetic distance between vaccine strains and contemporary viruses and should thus elicit immune responses that recognize a broader spectrum of viral variants. However, ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · July 2006
The genetic diversity among globally circulating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains is a serious challenge for HIV-1 vaccine design. We have generated a synthetic group M consensus env gene (CON6) for induction of cross-subtype immune resp ...
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Journal ArticlePLoS Med · January 2006
BACKGROUND: Current efforts to develop HIV vaccines that seek to stimulate immune responses have been disappointing, underscoring the inability of natural immune responses to control HIV-1 infection. Here we tested an alternative strategy to induce anti-HI ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · August 2005
Induction of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies is a high priority for AIDS vaccine development but one that has proven difficult to be achieved. While most immunogens generate antibodies that neutralize a subset of T-cell-line-adapted strains ...
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Journal ArticleProc Natl Acad Sci U S A · March 22, 2005
Worldwide HIV-1 vaccine efforts are guided by the principle that HIV-specific T cell responses may provide protection from infection or delay overt disease. However, no clear correlates of T cell-mediated immune protection have been identified. Here, we ex ...
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Journal ArticleNature · March 17, 2005
Although parasite-host co-speciation is a long-held hypothesis, convincing evidence for long-term co-speciation remains elusive, largely because of small numbers of hosts and parasites studied and uncertainty over rates of evolutionary change. Co-speciatio ...
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Journal ArticleZhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · March 2005
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of stronger neo-minophagen C (SNMC) on fulminant liver failure (FLF). METHODS: D-Gal N and LPS were injected once into the abdominal cavity of rats to establish an experimental model of FLF. The level of plas ...
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Journal ArticleMethods Mol Biol · 2005
Genomes of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), like those of HIV-1 or other retroviruses, are highly variable. These genetic variants have been classified into seven genetic subtypes. The average genetic divergence between different subtypes is ab ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · January 2005
Genetic variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) represents a major obstacle for AIDS vaccine development. To decrease the genetic distances between candidate immunogens and field virus strains, we have designed and synthesized an artificial group ...
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Journal ArticleMethods Mol Biol · 2005
The genomes of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), like those of HIV-1, are not only extremely variable but are also highly recombinogenic. Determination of subtypes based on partial genomes cannot predict the subtype classification of other regio ...
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Journal ArticleWorld Chinese Journal of Digestology · January 1, 2005
AIM: To study the effect of Stronger Neo-Minophagen C (SNMC) on inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis in mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and its mechanism. METHODS: Seventy mice were divided randomly into three groups: A (normal control group, n = 5), ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · December 2004
Chimpanzees in west central Africa (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) are known to harbor simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVcpzPtt) that represent the closest relatives of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1); however, the number of SIVcpzPtt strains t ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · November 2004
Primate lentivirus Vif proteins function by suppressing the antiviral activity of the cell-encoded apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) proteins APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F. It has been hypothesized that species-specific susce ...
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Journal ArticleVirology · October 10, 2004
Loss of T cell homeostasis usually precedes the onset of AIDS. We hypothesized that rapid progressors may be transmitted with HIV-1 that is particularly able to perturb T cell homeostasis. To this end, we have tested two transmitted, syncytium-inducing (SI ...
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Journal ArticleExpert Rev Vaccines · August 2004
Genetic variation of HIV-1 represents a major obstacle for AIDS vaccine development. With the amino acid sequence divergence as high as 30% in envelopes between different subtypes among HIV-1 group M viruses, it is unlikely that cross-subtype protection wi ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · July 2004
Nearly complete sequences of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) infecting 18 different nonhuman primate species in sub-Saharan Africa have now been reported; yet, our understanding of the origins, evolutionary history, and geographic distribution of th ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · March 2004
Mutation rates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genomes have been estimated using purified reverse transcriptase or single-round infection system. Since small sequences were used as templates, the overall mutation rates could only be extrapol ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · September 2003
Codon usage optimization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) structural genes has been shown to increase protein expression in vitro as well as in the context of DNA vaccines in vivo; however, all optimized genes reported thus far are derived fr ...
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Journal ArticleJ Immunol · April 1, 2003
The neutralizing Ab response after primary HIV-1 infection is delayed relative to the virus-specific CD8(+) T cell response and the initial decline in plasma viremia. Because nearly all HIV-1 infections result in AIDS, it would be instructive to study case ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS · March 28, 2003
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sexual behavior following voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) is described in 963 cohabiting heterosexual couples with one HIV positive and one HIV negative partner ('discordant couples'). Biological markers were used to a ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · October 10, 2002
Two different BC recombinant HIV-1 strains have arisen and begun to circulate among intravenous drug users in China. The recombinants are mostly subtype C with a few small subtype B segments. Additional full-genome sequences of the two recombinants, termed ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · October 10, 2002
Forty-one HIV-1 strains from Gabonese patients were studied according to the following strategy: nested polymerase chain reaction were performed to obtain an approximately 1,100-bp fragment containing the protease gene and the 5' half of the reverse transc ...
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Journal ArticleClin Infect Dis · August 1, 2002
The commercial assays commonly used to quantify plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in clinical settings were designed to assess HIV-1 subtype B. We compared the performance of 4 commercial assays (Amplicor versions 1.0 and 1.5 [Roche]; ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · August 2002
The setpoint of viral RNA concentration (viral load [VL]) during chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection reflects a virus-host equilibration closely related to CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses, which rely heavily on antig ...
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Journal ArticleScience · June 28, 2002
Globally, human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) is extraordinarily variable, and this diversity poses a major obstacle to AIDS vaccine development. Currently, candidate vaccines are derived from isolates, with the hope that they will be sufficiently ...
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Journal ArticleVaccine · May 15, 2002
We conducted a national molecular epidemiologic survey of HIV-1 strains in Nigeria to determine the most prevalent subtype(s) for use in developing candidate vaccines. A total of 230 HIV-1-positive blood samples collected from 34 of the 36 Nigerian states ...
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Journal ArticleNat Med · May 2002
HIV-associated nephropathy is a clinicopathologic entity that includes proteinuria, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis often of the collapsing variant, and microcystic tubulointerstitial disease. Increasing evidence supports a role for HIV-1 infection of r ...
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Journal ArticleJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · February 1, 2002
The objective of this study was to estimate the global distribution and regional spread of different HIV-1 genetic subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) in the year 2000. These estimates were made based on data derived from global HIV/AIDS surv ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · January 2002
Most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmissions in sub-Saharan Africa are believed to occur between married adults who are discordant for their HIV-1 infection status; however, no studies to date have investigated the molecular epidemiology ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · August 10, 2001
Numerous complete human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genomes have been characterized for contemporary viruses, but few isolates obtained early in the HIV-1 epidemic have been studied. In this article, we describe the molecular characterization of ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · August 2001
Mandrillus sphinx, a large primate living in Cameroon and Gabon and belonging to the Papionini tribe, was reported to be infected by a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) (SIVmndGB1) as early as 1988. Here, we have identified a second, highly divergent SIV ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · June 2001
The gp120 region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (env) gene exhibits a high level of genetic heterogeneity across the group M subtypes. The heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) has successfully been used to assign subtype classific ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · May 20, 2001
Members of HIV-1 group M are responsible for the vast majority of AIDS cases worldwide and have been classified on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships into nine roughly equidistant clades, termed subtypes. Although there are no known phenotypic c ...
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OtherAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · January 20, 2001
Among the major circulating HIV-1 subtypes, subtype C is the most prevalent. To generate full-length subtype C clones and sequences, we selected 13 primary (PBMC-derived) isolates from Zambia, India, Tanzania, South Africa, Brazil, and China, which were id ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · January 2001
The vpx gene products of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and of the closely related simian immunodeficiency viruses from sooty mangabeys (SIVsm) and macaques (SIVmac) comprise a 112-amino-acid virion-associated protein that is critical for effi ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · September 1, 2000
Phylogenetic analysis of the gp41 region of 123 HIV-1-seropositive specimens from Cameroon showed that 89 were subtype A (71% of these sequences were IbNg-like), 12 (10%) were subtype D, 11 (9%) were subtype G, 5 (4%; closely related to subtype F2) were su ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · July 20, 2000
The molecular diversity and phylogenetic relationship of 22 HIV-1 group O strains were examined on the basis of the protease gene and the N-terminal region of gp41env. Analysis of the newly characterized protease sequences with 12 reference sequences revea ...
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Journal ArticleScience · June 9, 2000
HIV-1 sequences were analyzed to estimate the timing of the ancestral sequence of the main group of HIV-1, the strains responsible for the AIDS pandemic. Using parallel supercomputers and assuming a constant rate of evolution, we applied maximum-likelihood ...
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Journal ArticleJ Infect Dis · May 2000
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of humans is the result of independent cross-species transmissions of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVcpz) from naturally infected chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) to man. To develop a poly ...
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Journal ArticleBiochem Soc Trans · February 2000
The primate lentiviruses comprise SIV strains from various host species, as well as two viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2, that cause AIDS in humans. The origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 have been traced to cross-species transmissions from chimpanzees and sooty mangabey ...
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Journal ArticleJ Clin Microbiol · August 1999
The high degree of genetic diversity within human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which includes two major groups, M (major) and O (outlier), and various env subtypes within group M (subtypes A to J), has made designing assays that will detect all k ...
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Journal ArticleNature · February 4, 1999
The human AIDS viruses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) represent cross-species (zoonotic) infections. Although the primate reservoir of HIV-2 has been clearly identified as the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), the origin of ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · December 1998
Full-length reference clones and sequences are currently available for eight human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group M subtypes (A through H), but none have been reported for subtypes I and J, which have only been identified in a few individuals. ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · July 1998
Non-subtype B viruses cause the vast majority of new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections worldwide and are thus the major focus of international vaccine efforts. Although their geographic dissemination is carefully monitored, their immun ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · July 1998
Several members of the seven-transmembrane chemokine receptor family have been shown to serve, with CD4, as coreceptors for entry by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). While coreceptor usage by HIV-1 primary isolates has been studied by several g ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · February 1998
We have studied 18 participants in phase I/II clinical trials of recombinant gp120 (rgp120) subunit vaccines (MN and SF-2) who became infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) during the course of the trials. Of the 18 individuals, 2 had re ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · January 1998
A seroprevalence survey was conducted for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antibody in household pet monkeys in Gabon. Twenty-nine monkeys representing seven species were analyzed. By using human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2)/SIVsm, SIVmnd, and ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · November 1997
We have examined cross-clade HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in peripheral blood of eight Zambian individuals infected with non-B-clade human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Heteroduplex mobility assay and partial sequence analysi ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · April 1997
The extraordinary genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) results from the introduction of mutations by an error-prone reverse transcriptase and from recombination of the two RNA genomes packaged in the virion during the synthesis ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · February 1997
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are thought to exert immunologic selection pressure in infected persons, yet few data regarding the effects of this constraint on viral sequence variation in vivo, particularly in th ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · October 1996
Since 1989, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has spread explosively through the heterosexual population in Thailand. This epidemic is caused primarily by viruses classified as "subtype E", which, on the basis of limited sequence comparisons, app ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · September 1996
Previous observations that the gp120 envelope glycoprotein contents of some primary, clade B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates were higher than those of laboratory-passaged HIV-1 isolates suggested the hypothesis that increased envelope ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · March 1996
Present knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope immunobiology has been derived almost exclusively from analyses of subtype B viruses, yet such viruses represent only a minority of strains currently spreading worldwide. To generate ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · November 1994
The virulence properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) are known to vary significantly and to range from relative attenuation in certain individuals to high-level pathogenicity in others. These differences in clinical manifestations may, a ...
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Journal ArticleAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses · November 1994
As part of the WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization, we PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced gp120 and gp160 genes from 12 HIV-1 isolates collected in four WHO-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites (Brazil, Rwanda, Thailand, Uganda). Envelope cl ...
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Journal ArticleNature · August 6, 1992
Our understanding of the biology and origins of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) derives from studies of cultured isolates from urban populations experiencing epidemic infection and disease. To test the hypothesis that such isolates might repres ...
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Journal ArticleJ Virol · June 1992
To investigate the glycoprotein determinants of viral cytopathology, we constructed chimeric env genes between a noncytopathic strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), designated HIV-2/ST, and a highly fusogenic and cytopathic variant derived ...
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