Vance Garrison Fowler Jr.

Vance Garrison Fowler Jr.
Florence McAlister Distinguished Professor of Medicine

Determinants of Outcome in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Antibacterial Resistance
Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections
Tropical medicine/International Health

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Florence McAlister Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2019
Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2012
Professor in Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2012
Member in the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Institutes and Centers 2001

Contact Information

Duke Box 102359, Hanes House, Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710
Room 183, Hanes House, 315 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710
fowle003@mc.duke.edu (919) 668-6053

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Fellow, Infectious Diseases, Medicine, Duke University 1996 - 1999
- M.H.S., Duke University 1999
- Medical Resident, Medicine, Duke University 1993 - 1996
- M.D., University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 1993
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2008 - 2011
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2005 - 2008
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2000 - 2005
- Associate in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 1999 - 2000
Recognition
In the News
- JUN 10, 2014 “People’s Pharmacy”
  
  Superbugs, stethoscopes and new technologies to prevent the spread of infection
Awards & Honors
Expertise
Global Scholarship
- Research
  - Denmark (Country)
Research
Selected Grants
- Duke Program of Training in Pulmonary ReSearch to Promote, Engage and Retain Academic Researchers (PROSPER) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2022 - 2026
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of a Single Dose of Exebacase in Adult Patients Receiving Standard of Care Antibiotics for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections (Bacteremia), awarded by ContraFect Corporation 2020 - 2026
- Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2026
- HLA Fine Mapping to Elucidate S. aureus Susceptibility - R01 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2021 - 2026
- Molecular Mycology and Pathogenesis Training Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2024
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Training Grant (TIDIRTG) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2023
- Duke CTSA (TL1) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2023
- Characterizing the quality of life impact of complicated urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative bacteria awarded by Merck Sharp & Dohme 2021 - 2022
- Parsons UNC Interinstitutional Agreement awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2021 - 2022
- Postdoctoral Training in Genomic Medicine Research awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2022
- CEC Activities for BPR-CS-009 Ceftobiprole medocaril - WO2 awarded by Basilea Pharmaceutica 2018 - 2022
- CEC Activities for BPR-CS-009 Ceftobiprole medocaril awarded by Basilea Pharmaceutica 2017 - 2022
- Novel Diagnostics to Improve Antimicrobial Stewardship for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Resource-Limited Settings awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2022
- Computational Structure-Based Protein Design Non-competing Renewal (Yr. 12) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2022
- Mentoring Patient Oriented Research in Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2022
- Vaccine Trial_LOI awarded by Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht 2019 - 2021
- Systems Immunobiology of Antibiotic-Persistent MRSA Infections awarded by The Lundquist Institute 2016 - 2021
- UNC-Duke Collaborative Clinical Pharmacology Postdoctoral Training Program awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2020 - 2021
- Diagnosis of Bacteremia/Septicemia by the Karius sequencing-based Infectious disease diagnostic assay awarded by Karius, Inc. 2016 - 2021
- UNC-Duke Collaborative Clinical Pharmacology Postdoctoral Training Program awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2016 - 2021
- Study of Prognostic Biomarkers of Severe Systemic Bacterial Infection awarded by Genetech 2016 - 2020
- A phase 1b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending dose study to investigate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of DSTA4637A in patients with Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia receiving standard-of-care antibiotics awarded by Genentech, Inc. 2017 - 2020
- An Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in the Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Group Prospective Cohort Study (SABG-PCS) awarded by Genentech, Inc. 2018 - 2020
- Study Network of Acinetobacter as a XDR pathogen (SNAP) awarded by University of Pittsburgh 2018 - 2020
- CF-301-102 Study awarded by ContraFect Corporation 2016 - 2020
- Forces at the heart of Staphylococcus biofilms on cardiac implants awarded by Ohio State University 2014 - 2020
- Host Susceptibility to S. aureus awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2020
- CAMERA: Combination antibiotic treatment for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteraemia-a Randomized Controlled Trial awarded by Menzies School of Health Research 2015 - 2019
- ARLG Administrative Supplement awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2019
- One Health Innovation Fellowships for Zoonotic Disease Research in Mongolia awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2019
- Optimizing treatment for E. faecalis infective endocarditis: ampicillin plus ceftriaxone versus ampicillin plus gentamicin awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2019
- Elucidating the role of Ceftaroline Fosamil in the treatment of meningitis caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcs aureus using Rabbit model awarded by Allergan, Inc. 2016 - 2018
- Bacteremia Modification 14 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2017
- Mod 11 for Option 3 - Staphylococcal Bacteremia Study awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2017
- Modification No 13 Staphylococcal Bacteremia Study awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2017
- Institutional Training Grant in Pediatric Infectious Disease awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2016
- Modification No. 8 - Staphylococcal Bacteremia Study awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2016
- Cross-reactive Antibodies to CF-301 Associated with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in a Tertiary Medical Center in the Southeastern United States awarded by ContraFect Corporation 2016
- Comparison of Subjects with Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia treated with Ceftaroline Fosamil to Historical Controls not treated with Ceftaroline Fosamil awarded by Forest Research Institute 2013 - 2016
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in a Community Hospital awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2016
- A Four-arm Prospective, Multicenter Study to Assess the Clinical Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Feasibility of Enhanced Room Disinfection with Chlorine and UV light Using Clinical and Microbiologic Outcomes awarded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2011 - 2016
- Evaluation of the Efficacy of Personal Protective Equipment and Antiseptic Impregnated Clothing in Reducing Exposure of Health Care Personnel to Acquisition and Transmission of Viral and Bacterial Pat awarded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2015 - 2016
- Modification No. 5 - Staphylococcal Bacteremia Study awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2015
- Optimizing duration of antibiotics after valve surgery for infective endocarditis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2014
- A Phase III Multi-Center, Randomized, Open-label, Comparative Study to Assess the Efficacy of a Treatment Algorithm to Reduce the Use of Vancomycin in Patients with Intravenous Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections (BSI) due to Staphylococci awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2012
- Immune System Biological Networks:Case Study Improved Data Integration & Analysis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2010
- Virulence determinants in S. aureus bacteremia awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2008
- Towards an Understanding of the Pathophysiology and Clinical Outcomes of Patients w/Endocarditis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2006
- Towards an Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2005
External Relationships
- Actavis
- Amphliphi biosciences
- ArcBio
- Armata
- Basilea
- Botanix
- Contrafect
- DebioPharma
- Destiny Pharma
- Genentech, Inc (Roche Holding)
- INfectious Diseases Society of America
- Integrated biotherapeutics
- Janssen Research & Development
- Karius, Inc.
- NIH
- University of Arkansas
- Valanbio Therapeutics
- Wolters Kluwer Health (publishing)
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Eichenberger, Emily M., Felicia Ruffin, Batu Sharma-Kuinkel, Michael Dagher, Lawrence Park, Celia Kohler, Matthew R. Sinclair, Stacey A. Maskarinec, and Vance G. Fowler. “Bacterial genotype and clinical outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.” Transpl Infect Dis 23, no. 6 (December 2021): e13730. https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.13730.
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  - Dagher, Michael M., Emily M. Eichenberger, Kateena L. Addae-Konadu, Sarah K. Dotters-Katz, Celia L. Kohler, Vance G. Fowler, and Jerome J. Federspiel. “Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Associated With Infective Endocarditis in Pregnancy.” Clin Infect Dis 73, no. 9 (November 2, 2021): 1571–79. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab533.
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  - Nanayakkara, Amila K., Helen W. Boucher, Vance G. Fowler, Amanda Jezek, Kevin Outterson, and David E. Greenberg. “Antibiotic resistance in the patient with cancer: Escalating challenges and paths forward.” Ca Cancer J Clin 71, no. 6 (November 2021): 488–504. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21697.
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  - Camp, Johannes, Lina Glaubitz, Tim Filla, Achim J. Kaasch, Frieder Fuchs, Matt Scarborough, Hong Bin Kim, et al. “Impact of Immunosuppressive Agents on Clinical Manifestations and Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis in 2 Large, Prospectively Evaluated Cohorts.” Clinical Infectious Diseases : An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 73, no. 7 (October 2021): 1239–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab385.
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  - Eichenberger, Emily M., Michael Dagher, Matthew R. Sinclair, Stacey A. Maskarinec, Vance G. Fowler, and Jerome J. Federspiel. “Infective endocarditis and solid organ transplantation: Only worse outcomes during initial transplantation hospitalization.” American Heart Journal 240 (October 2021): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2021.06.007.
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  - Tsalik, Ephraim L., Ricardo Henao, Jesse L. Montgomery, Jeff W. Nawrocki, Mert Aydin, Emily C. Lydon, Emily R. Ko, et al. “Discriminating Bacterial and Viral Infection Using a Rapid Host Gene Expression Test.” Crit Care Med 49, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 1651–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000005085.
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  - Beam, Jenna E., Nikki J. Wagner, John C. Shook, Edward S. M. Bahnson, Vance G. Fowler, Sarah E. Rowe, and Brian P. Conlon. “Macrophage-Produced Peroxynitrite Induces Antibiotic Tolerance and Supersedes Intrinsic Mechanisms of Persister Formation.” Infect Immun 89, no. 10 (September 16, 2021): e0028621. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00286-21.
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  - Chambers, Henry F., Scott R. Evans, Robin Patel, Heather R. Cross, Anthony D. Harris, Yohei Doi, Helen W. Boucher, et al. “Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group 2.0: Back to Business.” Clin Infect Dis 73, no. 4 (August 16, 2021): 730–39. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab141.
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  - Sinclair, Matthew R., Maria Souli, Felicia Ruffin, Lawrence P. Park, Michael Dagher, Emily M. Eichenberger, Stacey A. Maskarinec, et al. “Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Among Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis: Trends in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes.” American Journal of Kidney Diseases : The Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation, July 23, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.06.018.
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  - Lantos, Paul M., Jean Tsao, Mark Janko, Ali Arab, Michael E. von Fricken, Paul G. Auwaerter, Lise E. Nigrovic, et al. “Environmental Correlates of Lyme Disease Emergence in Southwest Virginia, 2005-2014.” J Med Entomol 58, no. 4 (July 16, 2021): 1680–85. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab038.
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  - King, Heather A., Sarah B. Doernberg, Julie Miller, Kiran Grover, Megan Oakes, Felicia Ruffin, Sarah Gonzales, et al. “Patients' Experiences With Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Bacterial Bloodstream Infections: A Qualitative Descriptive Study and Concept Elicitation Phase To Inform Measurement of Patient-reported Quality of Life.” Clin Infect Dis 73, no. 2 (July 15, 2021): 237–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa611.
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  - Fang, Ferric C., Constance A. Benson, Carlos Del Rio, Kathryn M. Edwards, Vance G. Fowler, David N. Fredricks, Ajit P. Limaye, et al. “COVID-19-Lessons Learned and Questions Remaining.” Clin Infect Dis 72, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 2225–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1654.
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  - Choi, Seong-Ho, Michael Dagher, Felicia Ruffin, Lawrence P. Park, Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel, Maria Souli, Alison M. Morse, et al. “Risk Factors for Recurrent Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.” Clin Infect Dis 72, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 1891–99. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa801.
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  - Eichenberger, Emily M., Felicia Ruffin, Michael Dagher, Reginald Lerebours, Sin-Ho Jung, Batu Sharma-Kuinkel, Andrew N. Macintyre, et al. “Bacteremia in solid organ transplant recipients as compared to immunocompetent patients: Acute phase cytokines and outcomes in a prospective, matched cohort study.” Am J Transplant 21, no. 6 (June 2021): 2113–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16388.
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  - Boucher, Helen W., Thomas M. File, Vance G. Fowler, Amanda Jezek, John H. Rex, and Kevin Outterson. “Antibiotic Development Incentives That Reflect Societal Value of Antibiotics.” Clin Infect Dis 72, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): e420–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa092.
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  - Pericàs, Juan M., Jaume Llopis, Maria Jesús Jiménez-Exposito, Wissam M. Kourany, Benito Almirante, Giampiero Carosi, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, et al. “Infective Endocarditis in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis.” J Am Coll Cardiol 77, no. 13 (April 6, 2021): 1629–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.014.
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  - Rincon, Sandra, Lina P. Carvajal, Sara I. Gomez-Villegas, Aura M. Echeverri, Rafael Rios, An Dinh, Claudia Pedroza, et al. “A Test for the Rapid Detection of the Cefazolin Inoculum Effect in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.” J Clin Microbiol 59, no. 4 (March 19, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01938-20.
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  - Chang, Yu-Ling, Maura Rossetti, David W. Gjertson, Liudmilla Rubbi, Michael Thompson, Dennis J. Montoya, Marco Morselli, et al. “Human DNA methylation signatures differentiate persistent from resolving MRSA bacteremia.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 118, no. 10 (March 9, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000663118.
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  - Lodise, Thomas P., Scott Van Wart, Zoe M. Sund, Adam M. Bressler, Akram Khan, Amy T. Makley, Yasir Hamad, et al. “Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiling of Minocycline for Injection following a Single Infusion in Critically Ill Adults in a Phase IV Open-Label Multicenter Study (ACUMIN).” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 65, no. 3 (February 17, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01809-20.
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  - Doernberg, Sarah B., Lauren Komarow, Thuy Tien T. Tran, Zoe Sund, Mark W. Pandori, David Jensen, Ephraim L. Tsalik, et al. “Simultaneous Evaluation of Diagnostic Assays for Pharyngeal and Rectal Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis Using a Master Protocol.” Clin Infect Dis 71, no. 9 (December 3, 2020): 2314–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1105.
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  - Bergin, Stephen P., Adrian Coles, Sara B. Calvert, John Farley, John H. Powers, Marcus J. Zervos, Matthew Sims, et al. “PROPHETIC: Prospective Identification of Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients in the ICU.” Chest 158, no. 6 (December 2020): 2370–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.034.
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  - Kuehl, Richard, Laura Morata, Christian Boeing, Isaac Subirana, Harald Seifert, Siegbert Rieg, Winfried V. Kern, et al. “Defining persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.” The Lancet. Infectious Diseases 20, no. 12 (December 2020): 1409–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30447-3.
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  - Eichenberger, Emily M., Michael Dagher, Felicia Ruffin, Lawrence Park, Lisa Hersh, Sumathi Sivapalasingam, Vance G. Fowler, and Brinda C. Prasad. “Complement levels in patients with bloodstream infection due to Staphylococcus aureus or Gram-negative bacteria.” Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 39, no. 11 (November 2020): 2121–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03955-z.
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  - Theprungsirikul, J., J. T. Thaden, R. M. Wierzbicki, A. S. Burns, S. Skopelja-Gardner, V. G. Fowler, K. L. Winthrop, I. W. Martin, and W. F. C. Rigby. “Low-Avidity Autoantibodies against Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Occur in Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteremia.” Infect Immun 88, no. 10 (September 18, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00444-20.
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  - Lodise, Thomas P., Nicolas M. Smith, Nick O’Donnell, Ann E. Eakin, Patricia N. Holden, Katie Rose Boissonneault, Jieqiang Zhou, et al. “Determining the optimal dosing of a novel combination regimen of ceftazidime/avibactam with aztreonam against NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae using a hollow-fibre infection model.” The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 9 (September 2020): 2622–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa197.
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  - Wesevich, Austin, Granger Sutton, Felicia Ruffin, Lawrence P. Park, Derrick E. Fouts, Vance G. Fowler, and Joshua T. Thaden. “Newly Named Klebsiella aerogenes (formerly Enterobacter aerogenes) Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcomes Relative to Other Enterobacter Species in Patients with Bloodstream Infection.” J Clin Microbiol 58, no. 9 (August 24, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00582-20.
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  - Zhang, Carolyn, Wenchen Song, Helena R. Ma, Xiao Peng, Deverick J. Anderson, Vance G. Fowler, Joshua T. Thaden, Minfeng Xiao, and Lingchong You. “Temporal encoding of bacterial identity and traits in growth dynamics.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117, no. 33 (August 18, 2020): 20202–10. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008807117.
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  - Maskarinec, S. A., L. P. Park, F. Ruffin, N. A. Turner, N. Patel, E. M. Eichenberger, D. van Duin, T. Lodise, V. G. Fowler, and J. T. Thaden. “Positive follow-up blood cultures identify high mortality risk among patients with Gram-negative bacteraemia.” Clin Microbiol Infect 26, no. 7 (July 2020): 904–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.01.025.
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  - Fowler, Vance G., Anita F. Das, Joy Lipka-Diamond, Raymond Schuch, Roger Pomerantz, Luis Jáuregui-Peredo, Adam Bressler, et al. “Exebacase for patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection and endocarditis.” J Clin Invest 130, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 3750–60. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI136577.
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  - Adamson, Paul C., Mark W. Pandori, Sarah B. Doernberg, Lauren Komarow, Zoe Sund, Thuy Tien T. Tran, David Jensen, et al. “Analytical Evaluation of the Abbott RealTime CT/NG Assay for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Rectal and Pharyngeal Swabs.” J Mol Diagn 22, no. 6 (June 2020): 811–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.03.004.
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  - Black-Maier, Eric, Jonathan P. Piccini, Muath Bishawi, Sean D. Pokorney, Benjamin Bryner, Jacob N. Schroder, Vance G. Fowler, et al. “Lead Extraction for Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices.” Jacc Clin Electrophysiol 6, no. 6 (June 2020): 672–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2020.02.006.
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  - Dagher, Michael, Vance G. Fowler, Patty W. Wright, and Milner B. Staub. “A Narrative Review of Early Oral Stepdown Therapy for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Yay or Nay?” Open Forum Infect Dis 7, no. 6 (June 2020): ofaa151. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa151.
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  - Duin, David van, Cesar A. Arias, Lauren Komarow, Liang Chen, Blake M. Hanson, Gregory Weston, Eric Cober, et al. “Molecular and clinical epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in the USA (CRACKLE-2): a prospective cohort study.” Lancet Infect Dis 20, no. 6 (June 2020): 731–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30755-8.
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  - Corneli, Amy, Sara B. Calvert, John H. Powers, Teresa Swezey, Deborah Collyar, Brian Perry, John J. Farley, et al. “Consensus on Language for Advance Informed Consent in Health Care-Associated Pneumonia Clinical Trials Using a Delphi Process.” Jama Netw Open 3, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): e205435. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5435.
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  - Dagher, Michael, Felicia Ruffin, Steven Marshall, Magdalena Taracila, Robert A. Bonomo, Rachel Reilly, Vance G. Fowler, and Joshua T. Thaden. “Case Report: Successful Rescue Therapy of Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Osteomyelitis With Cefiderocol.” Open Forum Infect Dis 7, no. 5 (May 2020): ofaa150. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa150.
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  - Shelburne, S. A., R. W. Dib, B. T. Endres, R. Reitzel, X. Li, A. Kalia, P. Sahasrabhojane, et al. “Whole-genome sequencing of Staphylococcus epidermidis bloodstream isolates from a prospective clinical trial reveals that complicated bacteraemia is caused by a limited number of closely related sequence types.” Clin Microbiol Infect 26, no. 5 (May 2020): 646.e1-646.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.10.008.
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  - Ersoy, Selvi C., Mariam Otmishi, Vanessa T. Milan, Liang Li, Youngju Pak, Jose Mediavilla, Liang Chen, et al. “Scope and Predictive Genetic/Phenotypic Signatures of Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Responsiveness and β-Lactam Sensitization in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 64, no. 5 (April 21, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02445-19.
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  - Lodise, Thomas P., Susan L. Rosenkranz, Matthew Finnemeyer, Scott Evans, Matthew Sims, Marcus J. Zervos, C Buddy Creech, et al. “The Emperor's New Clothes: PRospective Observational Evaluation of the Association Between Initial VancomycIn Exposure and Failure Rates Among ADult HospitalizEd Patients With Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections (PROVIDE).” Clin Infect Dis 70, no. 8 (April 10, 2020): 1536–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz460.
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  - Henderson, Heather, Courtney L. Luterbach, Eric Cober, Sandra S. Richter, Robert A. Salata, Robert C. Kalayjian, Richard R. Watkins, et al. “The Pitt Bacteremia Score Predicts Mortality in Nonbacteremic Infections.” Clinical Infectious Diseases : An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 70, no. 9 (April 2020): 1826–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz528.
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  - Pericàs, Juan M., Carlos Cervera, Cristina Garcia-de-la-Mària, Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel, Rachelle Gonzales, Asunción Moreno, Manel Almela, et al. “Relationship between Vancomycin MIC and Virulence Gene Expression in Clonal Complexes of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Left-Sided Endocarditis.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 64, no. 3 (February 21, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01579-19.
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  - Tong, Steven Y. C., David C. Lye, Dafna Yahav, Archana Sud, J Owen Robinson, Jane Nelson, Sophia Archuleta, et al. “Effect of Vancomycin or Daptomycin With vs Without an Antistaphylococcal β-Lactam on Mortality, Bacteremia, Relapse, or Treatment Failure in Patients With MRSA Bacteremia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” Jama 323, no. 6 (February 11, 2020): 527–37. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0103.
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  - Hasse, B., M. M. Hannan, P. M. Keller, F. P. Maurer, R. Sommerstein, D. Mertz, D. Wagner, et al. “International Society of Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera Infection Following Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass.” The Journal of Hospital Infection 104, no. 2 (February 2020): 214–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2019.10.009.
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  - Choi, Myeongjin, Nicolas Hegerle, Joseph Nkeze, Shaichi Sen, Sanchita Jamindar, Shamima Nasrin, Sunil Sen, et al. “The Diversity of Lipopolysaccharide (O) and Capsular Polysaccharide (K) Antigens of Invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Multi-Country Collection.” Front Microbiol 11 (2020): 1249. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01249.
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  - Hamed, Kamal, Marc Engelhardt, Mark E. Jones, Mikael Saulay, Thomas L. Holland, Harald Seifert, and Vance G. Fowler. “Ceftobiprole versus daptomycin in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a novel protocol for a double-blind, Phase III trial.” Future Microbiol 15 (January 2020): 35–48. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0332.
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  - Miller, Lloyd S., Vance G. Fowler, Sanjay K. Shukla, Warren E. Rose, and Richard A. Proctor. “Development of a vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus invasive infections: Evidence based on human immunity, genetics and bacterial evasion mechanisms.” Fems Microbiol Rev 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 123–53. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuz030.
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  - Bethke, Jonathan H., Adam Davidovich, Li Cheng, Allison J. Lopatkin, Wenchen Song, Joshua T. Thaden, Vance G. Fowler, Minfeng Xiao, and Lingchong You. “Environmental and genetic determinants of plasmid mobility in pathogenic Escherichia coli.” Sci Adv 6, no. 4 (January 2020): eaax3173. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax3173.
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  - Cao, Yi, Alessander O. Guimaraes, Melicent C. Peck, Oleg Mayba, Felicia Ruffin, Kyu Hong, Montserrat Carrasco-Triguero, Vance G. Fowler, Stacey A. Maskarinec, and Carrie M. Rosenberger. “Risk stratification biomarkers for Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.” Clin Transl Immunology 9, no. 2 (2020): e1110. https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1110.
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  - Souli, Maria, Felicia Ruffin, Seong-Ho Choi, Lawrence P. Park, Shengli Gao, Nicholas Christopoulos Lent, Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel, et al. “Changing Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Results From a 21-Year, Prospective, Longitudinal Study.” Clin Infect Dis 69, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 1868–77. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz112.
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  - Dodds Ashley, E. S., D. N. Carroll, J. J. Engemann, A. D. Harris, V. G. Fowler, D. J. Sexton, and K. S. Kaye. “Risk factors for postoperative mediastinitis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.” Clin Infect Dis 38, no. 11 (June 1, 2004): 1555–60. https://doi.org/10.1086/420819.
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  - Cabell, Christopher H., Paul A. Heidenreich, Vivian H. Chu, Christopher M. Moore, Martin E. Stryjewski, G Ralph Corey, and Vance G. Fowler. “Increasing rates of cardiac device infections among Medicare beneficiaries: 1990-1999.” Am Heart J 147, no. 4 (April 2004): 582–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2003.06.005.
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  - Marriott, Ian, David L. Gray, Susanne L. Tranguch, Vance G. Fowler, Martin Stryjewski, L. Scott Levin, Michael C. Hudson, and Kenneth L. Bost. “Osteoblasts express the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in a murine model of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis and infected human bone tissue.” Am J Pathol 164, no. 4 (April 2004): 1399–1406. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63226-9.
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  - Fowler, V. G., S. Xanthakos, and G. R. Corey. “Of hogs and men. Does North Carolina's hog industry raise the risk of infectious disease?” N C Med J 59, no. 1 (January 1998): 12–15.
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  - Fowler, V., A. Gopal, K. Marr, L. Kong, G. Gottlieb, D. Sexton, T. Ryan, and G. R. Corey. “Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: A treatment algorithm.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 25, no. 2 (December 1, 1997): 436.
  - Fowler, V., D. Sexton, L. Kong, A. Gopal, G. Gottlieb, R. Scott McClelland, and G. Ralph Corey. “Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia according to compliance with infectious diseases specialist recommendations: experience with 253 patients.” Clinical Infectious Diseases 25, no. 2 (December 1, 1997): 431.
  - Fowler, V. G., J. Li, G. R. Corey, J. Boley, K. A. Marr, A. K. Gopal, L. K. Kong, et al. “Role of echocardiography in evaluation of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: experience in 103 patients.” J Am Coll Cardiol 30, no. 4 (October 1997): 1072–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00250-7.
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  - Robinson, D. L., V. G. Fowler, D. J. Sexton, R. G. Corey, and P. J. Conlon. “Bacterial endocarditis in hemodialysis patients.” Am J Kidney Dis 30, no. 4 (October 1997): 521–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6386(97)90311-5.
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  - Meredith, F. T., V. G. Fowler, M. Gautier, G. R. Corey, and L. B. Reller. “Bacillus cereus necrotizing cellulitis mimicking clostridial myonecrosis: case report and review of the literature.” Scand J Infect Dis 29, no. 5 (1997): 528–29. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365549709011872.
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  - Conlon, P. J., G. W. Procop, V. Fowler, M. A. Eloubeidi, S. R. Smith, and D. J. Sexton. “Predictors of prognosis and risk of acute renal failure in patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever.” Am J Med 101, no. 6 (December 1996): 621–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(96)00332-4.
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  - Fowler, V. G., J. Boley, C. L. Donovan, J. Li, G. R. Corey, D. Sexton, K. A. Marr, A. K. Gopal, and T. Ryan. “Echocardiography in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.” Circulation 94, no. 8 (October 15, 1996): 1133–1133.
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  - Fowler, V. G., and D. T. Durack. “Infective endocarditis.” Curr Opin Cardiol 9, no. 3 (May 1994): 389–400. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001573-199405000-00018.
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  - Fowler, V. G., M. Lemnge, S. G. Irare, E. Malecela, J. Mhina, S. Mtui, M. Mashaka, and R. Mtoi. “Efficacy of chloroquine on Plasmodium falciparum transmitted at Amani, eastern Usambara Mountains, north-east Tanzania: an area where malaria has recently become endemic.” J Trop Med Hyg 96, no. 6 (December 1993): 337–45.
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  - Orringer, E. P., V. G. Fowler, C. M. Owens, A. E. Johnson, M. A. Mauro, F. G. Dalldorf, and R. D. Croom. “Case report: splenic infarction and acute splenic sequestration in adults with hemoglobin SC disease.” Am J Med Sci 302, no. 6 (December 1991): 374–79. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-199112000-00010.
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  - Huth, J. F., V. Fowler, and S. Taylor. “Identification of an immunoreactive glycoprotein in the urine of sarcoma patients.” J Surg Res 50, no. 5 (May 1991): 475–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4804(91)90027-j.
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- Book Sections
  - Fowler, V. G., W. M. Scheld, and A. S. Bayer. “Endocarditis and Intravascular Infections.” In Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 1:990–1028, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-4801-3.00082-5.
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  - Rasmussen, R. V., A. W. Karchmer, N. E. Bruun, and V. G. Fowler. “Intravascular infection.” In Schaechter’s Mechanisms of Microbial Disease: Fifth Edition, 679–88, 2013.
  - Rasmussen, R. V., A. W. Karchmer, N. E. Bruun, and V. G. Fowler. “Intravascular infection.” In Schaechter’s Mechanisms of Microbial Disease: Fifth Edition, 679–88, 2012.
- Other Articles
  - Kourany, W. M., J. M. Miro, A. Moreno, G. R. Corey, P. A. Pappas, E. Abrutyn, B. Hoen, et al. “Influence of diabetes mellitus on the clinical manifestations and prognosis of infective endocarditis: a report from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Merged Database.” Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365540600617017.
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- Conference Papers
  - Fosbøl, Emil L., Lawrence P. Park, Vivian H. Chu, Eugene Athan, Francois Delahaye, Tomas Freiberger, Cristiane Lamas, et al. “The association between vegetation size and surgical treatment on 6-month mortality in left-sided infective endocarditis.” In Eur Heart J, 40:2243–51, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz204.
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  - Hansen, B. K., F. Medie, B. K. Sharma-Kuinkel, V. G. Fowler, and Jonath Rader. “Host Genetics Contribute to Susceptibility to Infection, and Outcome of Disease in the Crif1 Knockout Mouse.” In Integrative and Comparative Biology, 58:E332–E332. OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, 2018.
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  - Corneli, Amy, Brian Perry, Deborah Collyar, John H. Powers, Helen K. Donnelly, Carisa De Anda, Denise Hinton, Jonas Santiago, Sara B. Calvert, and Vance G. Fowler. “Formative research findings on the design of an early enrollment clinical trial on hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP).” In Trials, Vol. 18. BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2017.
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  - Bergin, S. P., A. Coles, J. Farley, J. Santiago, S. Calvert, V. G. Fowler, and T. L. Holland. “Predicting Pneumonia: A Prospective Observational Study Of The Risk Factors For Hospital-Acquired And Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia.” In American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 195. AMER THORACIC SOC, 2017.
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  - Ojewole, A. A., J. D. Jou, V. G. Fowler, and B. R. Donald. “BBK* (Branch and bound over K*): A provable and efficient ensemble-based algorithm to optimize stability and binding affinity over large sequence spaces.” In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 10229 LNCS:157–72, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56970-3_10.
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  - Clancy, Cornelius J., Andre C. Kalil, Vance G. Fowler, Elodie Ghedin, Jay K. Kolls, and M Hong Nguyen. “Emerging and resistant infections.” In Ann Am Thorac Soc, 11 Suppl 4:S193–200, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201402-069PL.
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  - Athan, E., V. H. Chu, P. Tattevin, C. Selton-Suty, P. Jones, C. Naber, J. M. Miró, et al. “SY.3.1 CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOME OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS INVOLVING IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC DEVICES.” In International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 41:S3–S3. Elsevier BV, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(13)70010-4.
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  - Liao, L., D. F. Kong, Z. Samad, P. A. Pappas, J. G. Jollis, S. S. Lin, A. Wang, et al. “Echocardiographic risk-stratification for early surgery in patients with endocarditis is a cost-attractive alternative to standard care.” In Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 47:280A-280A. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2006.
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  - Wang, A., P. Pappas, K. J. Anstrom, E. Abrutyn, V. G. Fowler, B. Hoen, J. M. Miro, et al. “The use and effect of surgical therapy for prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: A propensity analysis of a multicenter, international cohort.” In Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 45:363A-363A. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2005.
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  - Aksoy, O., H. Cabell, V. G. Fowler, A. Wang, V. Chu, P. Pappas, K. J. Anstrom, et al. “Predictors of long-term mortality in patients with infective endocarditis (IE): A propensity score analysis.” In Circulation, 110:567–567. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2004.
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  - Chu, V. H., H. Cabell, J. Y. Friedman, S. D. Reed, R. I. Griffiths, K. S. Kaye, D. R. Crosslin, et al. “The clinical and economic impact of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients with cardiovascular devices.” In Circulation, 110:566–566. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2004.
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  - Fowler, V. G., L. H. Mahlbaier, T. B. Ferguson, F. H. Edwards, and E. D. Peterson. “Clinical predictors of major infections following coronary artery bypass surgery.” In Circulation, 110:355–355. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2004.
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  - Cabell, Christopher H., G Ralph Corey, Bruno Hoen, Jose M. Miro, Diana Iarussi, Christine Selton-Suty, Andrew Wang, et al. “1143-136 Prosthetic valve endocarditis: Report of 214 cases from the intracardiac echocardiography prospective cohort study.” In Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43:A437–A437. Elsevier BV, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(04)91842-6.
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  - Cabell, Christopher H., Stamatios Lerakis, Christine Selton-Suty, Andrew Wang, Vance G. Fowler, Gilbert Habib, Carlos Mestres, et al. “868-2 Cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in patients with definite endocarditis: The international collaboration on endocarditis - prospective cohort study.” In Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43:A441–A441. Elsevier BV, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(04)91859-1.
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  - Cabell, C. H., S. Lerakis, C. Selton-Suty, A. Wang, V. G. Fowler, G. Habib, C. Mestres, et al. “Cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in patients with definite endocarditis: Findings from 1024 patients in the ICE prospective cohort study.” In Circulation, 108:432–432. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2003.
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  - Cabell, C. H., V. G. Fowler, J. J. Engemann, M. McClellan, and P. A. Heidenreich. “Endocarditis in the elderly: Incidence, surgery, and survival in 16,921 patients over 12 years.” In Circulation, 106:547–547. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2002.
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  - Cabell, C. H., R. A. Krasuski, G. E. Peterson, R. Singh, C. W. Woods, J. J. Engemann, V. G. Fowler, et al. “Differences between patients with prosthetic valve and native valve endocarditis: Report from the Duke endocarditis service.” In Circulation, 104:427–427. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2001.
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