Gale Allen Boyd | Scholars@Duke

Gale Allen Boyd
Associate Research Professor in the Social Science Research Institute

Gale Boyd is an Associate Research Professor in the Social Science Research Institute & Department of Economics. He was the Director of the Triangle Federal Statistical Research Data Center from 2006-2020. Prior to joining Duke University, Gale was an economist at Argonne National Laboratory. His career has been primarily in area of industrial energy/environmental economics.

His recent work includes using the non-public Census micro-data and other non-pubic data from industry and trade associations on energy, environmental, and productivity related issues for industrial energy efficiency and related energy/environmental policy research. His research includes preparing statistical benchmarks of energy performance in manufacturing plants, or Energy Performance Indicators (EPI), is supported by the EPA ENERGY STAR program and is used by industry for energy management and public recognition from ENERGY STAR. Studies of the implications of management practices and environmental policy on industry energy efficiency and total factor productivity are in progress.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Research Professor in the Social Science Research Institute, Social Science Research Institute, University Institutes and Centers 2014
Associate Research Professor of Economics, Economics, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2015
Faculty Network Member of The Energy Initiative, Nicholas Institute-Energy Initiative, Initiatives 2012

Contact Information

261 Gross Hall, Box 90989, Durham, NC 27708
gale.boyd@duke.edu (919) 660-6892

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Southern Illinois University 1984
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Research Professor of Economics, Economics, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2015 - 2019
Recognition
In the News
- SEP 1, 2015
  
  Behind Closed Doors with the Triangle Data Research Center
Research
Selected Grants
- EPA's Energy Star Program awarded by ICF, Inc. 2022 - 2024
- NR CANADA awarded by Natural Resources Canada 2021 - 2024
- Energy Star: Building Energy Efficiency in the U.S. Industrial Sector awarded by ICF, Inc. 2020 - 2023
- What Policies Drive Entrepreneurship? An Exploration Using Microdata awarded by Wake Forest University 2019 - 2022
- Building Energy Efficiency in the U.S. awarded by ICF, Inc. 2020 - 2021
- Energy Information Administration (EIA) Omnibus Procurement (EOP) IV awarded by Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. 2019 - 2021
- Energy Star for Industry certification in North America awarded by Natural Resources Canada 2018 - 2021
- Energy Star: Building Energy Efficiency in the U.S. Industrial Sector awarded by ICF, Inc. 2018 - 2019
- Industrial Energy Efficiency: The Role of Management Practices and Public Policy awarded by Wake Forest University 2017 - 2018
- Building Energy Efficiency in the U.S. Industrial Sector - Phase 2 awarded by ICF, Inc. 2016 - 2018
- Energy Star for Industry certification in North America awarded by Natural Resources Canada 2017 - 2018
- Energy Star: Building Energy Efficiency in the U.S. Industrial Sector awarded by ICF, Inc. 2016 - 2018
- Energy Efficiency in North American Manufacturing - Phase 2 awarded by Natural Resources Canada 2016 - 2017
- Energy Efficiency in North American Manufacturing awarded by Natural Resources Canada 2015 - 2016
- Energy Star: Building Energy Efficiency in the U.S. Industrial Sector awarded by ICF, Inc. 2007 - 2016
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Browning, M., J. McFarland, J. Bistline, G. Boyd, M. Muratori, M. Binsted, C. Harris, et al. “Net-zero CO2 by 2050 scenarios for the United States in the Energy Modeling Forum 37 study (Accepted).” Energy and Climate Change 4 (December 1, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egycc.2023.100104.
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  - Abolhassani, A., G. Boyd, M. Jaridi, B. Gopalakrishnan, and J. Harner. ““Is Energy That Different from Labor?” Similarity in Determinants of Intensity for Auto Assembly Plants.” Energies 16, no. 4 (February 1, 2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041776.
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  - Worrell, E., and G. Boyd. “Bottom-up estimates of deep decarbonization of U.S. manufacturing in 2050.” Journal of Cleaner Production 330 (January 1, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129758.
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  - Boyd, G. A., and M. Doolin. “An alternative approach to estimation of the energy efficiency gap in food processing.” Energy Efficiency 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-021-09942-3.
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  - Boyd, Gale A., and Jonathan M. Lee. “Relative Effectiveness of Energy Efficiency Programs versus Market Based Climate Policies in the Chemical Industry.” The Energy Journal 41, no. 3 (July 1, 2020). https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.41.3.gboy.
    Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Boyd, G. A., and J. M. Lee. “Measuring plant level energy efficiency and technical change in the U.S. metal-based durable manufacturing sector using stochastic frontier analysis.” Energy Economics 81 (June 1, 2019): 159–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.03.021.
    Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Dalzell, N. M., G. A. Boyd, and J. P. Reiter. “Creating linked datasets for SME energy-assessment evidence-building: Results from the U.S. Industrial Assessment Center Program.” Energy Policy 111 (December 1, 2017): 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.09.013.
    Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Boyd, G. A., M. Doollin, E. Dutrow, and S. Zhang. “A New Benchmark of Energy Performance for Energy Management in U.S. and Canadian Integrated Steel Plants.” Iron and Steel Technology, May 1, 2017.
    Open Access Copy
  - Boyd, G. A. “Comparing the statistical distributions of energy efficiency in manufacturing: meta-analysis of 24 Case studies to develop industry-specific energy performance indicators (EPI).” Energy Efficiency 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 217–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-016-9450-y.
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  - Boyd, G. A., and E. M. Curtis. “Evidence of an "Energy-Management Gap" in U.S. manufacturing: Spillovers from firm management practices to energy efficiency.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 68, no. 3 (November 1, 2014): 463–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2014.09.004.
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  - Boyd, G. A. “Estimating the changes in the distribution of energy efficiency in the U.S. automobile assembly industry.” Energy Economics 42 (March 1, 2014): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2013.11.008.
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  - Boyd, G., and Y. Guo. “Energy performance indicator for integrated mills.” Paper360 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 26–29.
  - Boyd, G., and G. Zhang. “Measuring improvement in energy efficiency of the US cement industry with the ENERGY STAR Energy Performance Indicator.” Energy Efficiency 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 105–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-012-9160-z.
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  - Dutrow, E., W. Tunnessen, and G. Boyd. “Measuring and encouraging energy efficiency.” Glass International 35, no. 9 (October 1, 2012): 15–16.
  - Boyd, G. “A statistical approach to plant-level energy benchmarks and baselines: A manufacturing-plant energy performance indicator.” Society of Petroleum Engineers Carbon Management Technology Conference 2012 1 (May 18, 2012): 150–63.
  - Dutrow, E., G. Boyd, E. Worrell, and L. Dodendorf. “Shifting energy performance in U.S. cement production.” Ieee Cement Industry Technical Conference (Paper), June 29, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2010.5469767.
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  - Dutrow, Elizabeth, Gale Boyd, Ernst Worrell, and Lew Dodendorf. “Engaging the U.S. Cement Industry to Improve Energy Performance.” Cement World, December 2009.
  - Boyd, G. A. “Benchmarking Weather Sensitive Plant Level Manufacturing Energy Use.” Int. J. Global Energy Issues 32, no. 1/2 (March 2009): 4–18.
  - Boyd, G. “Benchmarking weather sensitive plant level manufacturing energy use.” International Journal of Global Energy Issues 32, no. 1–2 (January 1, 2009): 4–18. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijgei.2009.027970.
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  - Boyd, G., E. Dutrow, and W. Tunnesen. “The Evolution of the Energy Star Industrial Energy Performance Indicator for Benchmarking Plant Level Manufacturing Energy Use.” Journal of Cleaner Production, Invited Paper for the Special Issue Pollution Prevention and Cleaner Production in the United States of America 16, no. 6 (April 2008): 709–15.
  - Boyd, G., E. Dutrow, and W. Tunnessen. “The evolution of the ENERGY STAR^® energy performance indicator for benchmarking industrial plant manufacturing energy use.” Journal of Cleaner Production 16, no. 6 (April 1, 2008): 709–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.02.024.
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  - Boyd, G. A. “Estimating plant level energy efficiency with a stochastic frontier.” Energy Journal 29, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 23–43. https://doi.org/10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol29-No2-2.
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  - Boyd, G. A. “Estimating Plant Level Manufacturing Energy Efficiency with Stochastic Frontier Regression.” The Energy Journal 29, no. 2 (2008): 23–44.
    Open Access Copy
  - Tunnessen, W., G. A. Boyd, and G. Weed. “ENERGY STAR industrial focus for pulp and paper mills PPIC 2007 panel.” Ieee Conference Record of Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference, December 1, 2007, 209–19. https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.2007.4286301.
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  - Greening, L. A., G. Boyd, and J. M. Roop. “Modeling of industrial energy consumption: An introduction and context.” Energy Economics 29, no. 4 (July 1, 2007): 599–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2007.02.011.
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  - Boyd, G. A. “Motivating auto manufacturing energy efficiency through performance-based indicators.” Sae Technical Papers, January 1, 2006. https://doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0595.
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  - Boyd, G. A. “Measuring plant level energy efficiency when production activities are not homogeneous: The ENERGY STAR energy performance indicator.” Proceedings Aceee Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry, December 1, 2005.
  - Dutrow, E., and G. A. Boyd. “Motivating industrial energy efficiency through performance-based indicators.” Proceedings Aceee Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry, December 1, 2005.
  - Conzelmann, G., G. Boyd, V. Koritarov, and T. Veselka. “Multi-agent power market simulation using EMCAS.” 2005 Ieee Power Engineering Society General Meeting 3 (October 31, 2005): 2829–34.
  - Boyd, G. A. “A method for measuring the efficiency gap between average and best practice energy use: The ENERGY STAR industrial energy performance indicator.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1162/1088198054821609.
    Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Boyd, G. A., and J. M. Roop. “A Note on the Fisher Ideal Index Decomposition for Structural Change in Energy Intensity.” The Energy Journal 25, no. 1 (2004): 87–101.
  - Worrell, E., S. Ramesohl, and G. Boyd. “Advances in Energy Forecasting Models based on Engineering-Economics.” Annual Review of Energy and Resources 29 (2004): 345–82.
  - Boyd, G. A., J. C. Molburg, and J. D. Cavallo. “Estimates of Learning by Doing in Gas Turbine Electric Power Systems.” Energy Studies Review 10, no. 2 (2002): 85–99.
  - Boyd, G., G. Tolley, and J. Pang. “Plant Level Productivity, Efficiency, and Environmental Performance: An Example from the Glass Industry.” Environmental and Resource Economics 23, no. 1 (2002): 29–43.
  - Boyd, G. “A probit model of energy efficiency technology decision making.” Proceedings Aceee Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry 1 (December 1, 2001): 521–33.
  - Dowd, J., K. Friedman, and G. A. Boyd. “How well do voluntary agreements and programs perform at improving industrial energy efficiency?” Proceedings Aceee Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry 2 (January 1, 2001): 125–39.
  - Sanstad, A. H., S. J. DeCanio, G. A. Boyd, and J. Koomey. “Estimating Bounds on the Economy-Wide Effects of the CEF Policy Scenarios.” Energy Policy 29 (2001): 1299–1311.
  - Boyd, G., and J. Pang. “Estimating the Linkage between Energy Efficiency and Productivity.” Energy Policy 28 (2000): 289–96.
  - Boyd, G., and J. McClelland. “The Impact of Environmental Constraints on Productivity Improvement and Energy Efficiency in Integrated Paper Plants.” The Journal of Economics and Environmental M 38 (1999): 121–46.
  - Boyd, G. A. “Impacts of industrial decision making on productivity and energy efficiency: examples from the integrated paper sector.” Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference 3–4 (December 1, 1997): 2132–37.
  - Boyd, G. A., J. M. Roop, and M. G. Woodruff. “Potential for energy efficient technologies to reduce carbon emissions in the United States: the industrial sector.” Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference 3–4 (December 1, 1997): 2126–31.
  - Woodruff, M. G., G. A. Boyd, and J. M. Poop. “Potential for industrial energy efficiency technology to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions.” Proceedings Aceee Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry, December 1, 1997, 361–72.
  - Boyd, G., and S. Karlson. “The Impact of Energy Prices on Technology Choice in the United States Steel Industry.” Energy Journal 14, no. 2 (1993): 47–56.
  - Boyd, G., S. H. Karlson, M. Neifer, and M. Ross. “ENERGY INTENSITY IMPROVEMENTS IN STEEL MINIMILLS.” Contemporary Economic Policy 11, no. 3 (January 1, 1993): 88–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1993.tb00394.x.
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  - Boyd, G., S. Karlson, M. Neifer, and M. Ross. “Energy Intensity Improvements in Steel Minimills.” Contemporary Policy Issues XI, no. 3 (1993): 88–99.
  - Streets, D. G., C. N. Bloyd, G. A. Boyd, D. J. Santini, and T. D. Veselka. “Climate change and US energy policy.” Energy 16, no. 11–12 (January 1, 1991): 1437–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(91)90013-C.
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  - Boyd, G., J. Fox, and D. Hanson. “An integrated acid precipitation policy and energy market model.” Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference 4 (December 1, 1990): 450–55.
  - Boyd, G., J. Fox, and D. Hanson. “3.4. Set of models.” Energy 15, no. 3–4 (January 1, 1990): 345–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(90)90095-J.
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  - Boyd, G. A., D. A. Hanson, and T. Sterner. “Decomposition of Changes in Energy Intensity: A Comparison of the Divisia Index and Other Methods.” Energy Economics, 1988.
  - Boyd, G., J. F. McDonald, M. Ross, and D. A. Hanson. “Separating the Changing Composition of U.S. Manufacturing Production from Energy Efficiency Improvements: A Divisia Index Approach.” The Energy Journal 8, no. 2 (1987): 77–96.
  - Boyd, G. A. “Factor Intensity and Site Geology as Determinants of Returns to Scale in Coal Mining.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 69, no. 1 (1987).
    Open Access Copy
- Reports
  - Wachs, Liz, Colin McMillan, Gale Boyd, and Matt Doolin. “Exploring New Ways to Classify Industries for Energy Analysis and Modeling.” Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2172/1893357.
    Full Text
- Conference Papers
  - Boyd, G. “A statistical approach to plant-level energy benchmarks and baselines: A manufacturing-plant energy performance indicator.” In Carbon Management Technology Conference 2012, 799–806, 2012.
Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
Outreach & Engaged Scholarship
Service to the Profession
- Editorial Board Member – Energy Efficiency. Springer. 2015 2015
- Referee various Energy and Applied Economics Journals. 2000 2000
Academic & Administrative Activities
- Director – Triangle Federal Statistical Research Data Center (TRDC)
  Management and promotion of the TRDC, a social sciences research user facility operated in collaboration with U.S. Census Bureau dedicated to providing approved researchers access to non-public data for statistical purposes. Established the Duke University / University of North Carolina / Research Triangle Institute partnership for the TRDC.
  
  Chairman - Chicago Census Data Research Center (CRDC)
  The CRDC is a social sciences research user facility operated in collaboration with The University of Chicago, Northwestern University, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Chicago Federal Reserve Bank. The board is responsible for coordination of funding for the RDC and project review. The chairman represents the RDC regarding funding and resources from the five member institutions, oversees the RDC executive director and Census administrator, writes external grant proposals, and promotes the expansion of research using the micro data.

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Education, Training, & Certifications

Previous Appointments & Affiliations

In the News

Selected Grants

Selected Publications

Academic Articles

Reports

Conference Papers

Recent Courses

Outreach & Engaged Scholarship

Service to the Profession

Academic & Administrative Activities