Scholars@Duke
Gale Bartholomew Hill

Gale Bartholomew Hill

Professor in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Sciences
gbh@duke.edu
Box 3084 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
331 Cedar Berry Lane, Chapel Hill, NC 27517

Selected Publications

Fusobacterium nucleatum induces premature and term stillbirths in pregnant mice: implication of oral bacteria in preterm birth.

Journal Article Infect Immun · April 2004 Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobe ubiquitous to the oral cavity. It is associated with periodontal disease. It is also associated with preterm birth and has been isolated from the amniotic fluid, placenta, and chorioamnionic membranes of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Techniques for isolating pelvic bacterial pathogens

Journal Article Contemporary Ob Gyn · December 1, 1998 Since most pelvic infections in females are an anaerobic-aerobic mix, the ob-gyn forearmed with this knowledge can round up the usual etiologic suspects - as well as the rare ones. Whenever feasible, procure specimens for microbial culture before initiatin ... Cite

Preterm birth: associations with genital and possibly oral microflora.

Journal Article Ann Periodontol · July 1998 Opportunistic pathogenic microbes are indigenous to the female lower genital tract and etiologic in many types of pelvic infections and, apparently, a portion of preterm birth (PTB) cases. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a clinical syndrome based on an altered ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Vitek analyser for routine bacterial identification and susceptibility testing: protocols, problems, and pitfalls.

Journal Article J Clin Pathol · April 1998 Automated and semiautomated technology in microbiology has seen great advances in recent years. The choice of automated equipment for the identification and susceptibility testing of bacteria in a routine diagnostic laboratory depends on speed, accuracy, e ... Full text Link to item Cite

Slime production, adherence and hydrophobicity in coagulase-negative staphylococci causing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis.

Journal Article J Hosp Infect · December 1997 Attachment of coagulase-negative staphylococci to plastic surfaces by means of hydrophobic interaction and slime production may be important in producing catheter associated infections. In continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), the relationship ... Full text Link to item Cite

Plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 during burn wound surgery or dressing.

Journal Article Br J Plast Surg · July 1997 BACKGROUND: Clinical deterioration after burn wound manipulation may be related to the release of cytokines including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). METHODS: The two cytokines were assayed by immunoenzymetric assay in blood sa ... Full text Link to item Cite

In-vitro modelling of the bactericidal activity of teicoplanin versus flucloxacillin as used in surgical prophylaxis, against Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal Article J Antimicrob Chemother · April 1997 The bactericidal activities of teicoplanin and flucloxacillin in a 50:50 mixture of human serum and Iso-sensitest broth were compared in an in-vitro pharmacokinetic model, at serum concentrations present during surgical prophylaxis. The bactericidal activi ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of burn wound surgery and teicoplanin on the bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes against Staphylococcus aureus.

Journal Article J Antimicrob Chemother · November 1995 Polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) function is suppressed for several weeks after burn injury, rendering patients susceptible to infection, commonly with Staphylococcus aureus. A study was performed to determine the effects of surgery to the burn wound and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bacterial vaginosis-associated microflora and effects of topical intravaginal clindamycin.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · November 1994 OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were as follows: (1) to further define the microbiologic characteristics of bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant women, (2) to evaluate the in vivo activity of topical intravaginal clindamycin and reference this activity t ... Full text Link to item Cite

The microbiology of bacterial vaginosis.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · August 1993 A group of microorganisms are present concurrently in high concentrations in the vaginas of women with bacterial vaginosis. The major members of the group are Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobic gram-negative rods belonging to the genera Prevotella, Porphyrom ... Full text Link to item Cite

Eubacterium nodatum mimics Actinomyces in intrauterine device-associated infections and other settings within the female genital tract.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · April 1992 Eubacterium nodatum is an obligately anaerobic, gram-positive, branching rod that markedly resembles Actinomyces, particularly Actinomyces israelii, in its cellular and colonial characteristics. Its isolation from the female genital tract was examined for ... Link to item Cite

Pelvic inflammatory disease: findings during inpatient treatment of clinically severe, laparoscopy-documented disease.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · February 1992 OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the relationship between clinically severe pelvic inflammatory disease and laparoscopic diagnosis and grading, comparative treatment with clindamycin plus cefamandole or doxycycline, and a management protocol for inpatient pelvic i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United States, 1989.

Journal Article Clin Ther · 1992 A national survey of Bacteroides fragilis group was continued in 1989 for the ninth consecutive year. Seven hundred thirty-nine isolates of B fragilis group from eight centers were tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials. Sulbactam and clavulanic ac ... Link to item Cite

Susceptibilities of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli to thirteen antimicrobials and beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations.

Journal Article J Antimicrob Chemother · December 1991 Thirteen antimicrobial agents and beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations were tested simultaneously for their in-vitro activity against a range of anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli with a standard reference agar dilution method. Overall, metronidazole, imipen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spiral gradient endpoint method compared to standard agar dilution for susceptibility testing of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 1991 More efficient and reproducible alternative methods of performing agar dilution susceptibility testing are desirable, particularly for anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobes generally grow more reliably on solid media than they do in broth microdilution wells. A ne ... Full text Link to item Cite

Spiral gradient endpoint: a new method of susceptibility testing.

Journal Article Hosp Pract (Off Ed) · October 1990 The key to SGE is an instrument that deposits the antimicrobial agent in predetermined, decreasing concentrations in a spiral pattern on an agar plate. The bacterial inoculum is streaked radially from the center of the plate across the spiral. The drug con ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bacterial vaginosis: diagnostic and pathogenetic findings during topical clindamycin therapy.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · August 1990 We examined subjective and objective correlates among 67 women with symptomatic bacterial vaginosis before and after treatment with intravaginal clindamycin or placebo. We found no preponderance of any sexual practices among these patients. Nine patients ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bacterial vaginosis: treatment with topical intravaginal clindamycin phosphate.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · July 1990 We tested topical intravaginal clindamycin phosphate at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 2.0% in the treatment of 62 women with symptomatic bacterial vaginosis in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, and offered open-label trea ... Link to item Cite

The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United States, 1987.

Journal Article J Antimicrob Chemother · June 1990 A nationwide survey to monitor the susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group, which began in 1981, was continued during 1987. In addition to the eleven drugs evaluated in 1986, sulbactam, a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor, was tested alone and in co ... Full text Link to item Cite

Comparative activities of newer beta-lactam agents against members of the Bacteroides fragilis group.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · March 1990 A nationwide susceptibility survey of 557 isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group was continued in 1986. The most active beta-lactam drugs were imipenem and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, which had 0.2 and 1.7% resistance, respectively. The rank order of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Development and evaluation of the spiral gradient endpoint method for susceptibility testing of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli.

Journal Article Rev Infect Dis · 1990 The spiral gradient endpoint (SGE) method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing was evaluated as an alternative agar-dilution procedure that would require less time and materials than the reference standard agar-dilution (SAD) susceptibility test for an ... Full text Link to item Cite

Susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United States: analysis by site of isolation.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · May 1988 An ongoing survey of the susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group of bacteria was continued at New England Medical Center in 1984 and 1985. A total of 1,229 strains were obtained from eight centers in the United States. These results were compared ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ureaplasma urealyticum septic arthritis in hypogammaglobulinemia.

Journal Article J Rheumatol · February 1988 We describe a hypogammaglobulinemic man with erosive oligoarticular septic arthritis due to Ureaplasma urealyticum. His clinical course was complicated by a subcutaneous abscess. Multiple synovial cultures were negative until finally cultures specific for ... Link to item Cite

Single-dose versus multiple-dose piperacillin prophylaxis in primary cesarean operation.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · August 1987 A prospective, randomized double-blind study was undertaken to determine the safety and efficacy of single-dose versus multiple-dose piperacillin for primary cesarean operation prophylaxis. After informed consent was obtained, patients received either 4 gm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characteristics and sites of infection of Eubacterium nodatum, Eubacterium timidum, Eubacterium brachy, and other asaccharolytic eubacteria.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 1987 Three new species, Eubacterium nodatum, Eubacterium timidum, and Eubacterium brachy, were described, primarily from subgingival samples taken from patients with moderate and severe adult periodontitis. Except for the isolation of E. brachy from a pleuropul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Modified extraction procedure for gas-liquid chromatography applied to the identification of anaerobic bacteria.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · February 1986 Chloroform and ether commonly are used as solvents to extract metabolic organic acids for analysis by gas-liquid chromatography in the identification of anaerobic bacteria. Because these solvents are potentially hazardous to personnel, modified extraction ... Full text Link to item Cite

Nationwide study of the susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United States.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · November 1985 A nationwide susceptibility survey of the Bacteroides fragilis group was continued at New England Medical Center in 1983. A total of 555 strains were obtained from eight centers in the United States. In addition to the nine antimicrobial agents studied in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria isolated from female genital tract infections.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · March 1985 Certain species or subspecies of anaerobic bacteria are isolated with higher frequency from female genital tract infections than from other anatomic sites. To gain susceptibility data more specific to the treatment of these infections, nine antimicrobial a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of 1,292 isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United States: comparison of 1981 with 1982.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · August 1984 A susceptibility survey of 537 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group from eight centers in the United States was continued at the Tufts New England Medical Center in 1982. The results were compared with those of 755 organisms analyzed in 1981. Nine ant ... Full text Link to item Cite

Necrotizing fasciitis of vulvar origin in diabetic patients.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · April 1984 Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, rapidly progressive, and often fatal infection of the superficial fascia and subcutaneous tissues. The integrity of the deep muscle fascia is usually not breeched, thus limiting the depth of involvement. Centrifugal spread ... Link to item Cite

Intra-amniotic bacterial colonization in premature labor.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · March 15, 1984 Bacterial culturing was performed on amniotic fluid obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis from 33 patients with singleton pregnancies who were in idiopathic premature labor with intact membranes prior to the thirty-fifth week of gestation. Bacteria were ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bacteriology of the vagina.

Journal Article Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl · 1984 Interest in the microflora of the vagina and cervix has stemmed from the recognition of its significant association with vaginal and upper genital tract infections. Yet a clear understanding of the range of microbial types which are consistent with a norma ... Link to item Cite

Susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group in the United States in 1981.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · April 1983 The minimal inhibitory concentrations of nine antimicrobial agents was determined for over 750 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group of anaerobic bacteria collected from nine centers in the United States during 1981. High resistance rates wer ... Full text Link to item Cite

A trial of prophylactic cefamandole in extended gynecologic surgery.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · March 1982 A double-blind randomized trial of antibiotic prophylaxis was performed with 49 patients undergoing extended pelvic surgery for adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. In this series infections of the Hemovac drain site(s) were most common (8 of 10 infections); ... Link to item Cite

Moxalactam therapy for obstetric and gynecologic infections.

Journal Article Rev Infect Dis · 1982 Moxalactam, a new cephalosporin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity, was evaluated for safety and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of genital tract infections in women. Fifty-three patients with postpartum endometritis or acute or chronic pel ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intravenous metronidazole or clindamycin with tobramycin for therapy of pelvic infections.

Journal Article Obstet Gynecol · January 1981 Anaerobic bacteria are important pathogens in obstetric and gynecologic infections. As metronidazole has excellent in vitro activity against almost all clinically significant anaerobes, the newly available parenteral form of the drug was evaluated in a com ... Link to item Cite

[Vaginal flora in healthy sexually mature women].

Journal Article Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd · November 1980 Full text Link to item Cite

[Clinical comprehension of anaerobic bacteria].

Journal Article Schweiz Med Wochenschr · October 25, 1980 Link to item Cite

High-dose cefamandole therapy in obstetric and gynecologic infections.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · August 15, 1980 Increased understanding of bacterial infections of the pelvis has led to the frequent administration of double and triple antimicrobial chemotherapy for polymicrobial infections in hospitalized patients. This study evaluated the use of high-dose cefamandol ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bacterial colonization of amniotic fluid in the presence of ruptured membranes.

Journal Article Am J Obstet Gynecol · June 15, 1980 Amniotic fluid (AF) was collected from 37 selected patients by amniocentesis, aspiration through a pressure catheter, or aspiration at the time of cesarean section. The unspun AF was examined directly by Gram stain for bacteria and white blood cells (WBC) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnosis of anaerobic infections--communication between the laboratory and the clinic.

Journal Article Infection · 1980 A brief account is given of special points in the diagnosis of anaerobic infections. Particular stress is laid upon the interpretation of laboratory findings in collaboration with the physician. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical recognition of anaerobic infections

Journal Article Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift · January 1, 1980 Knowledge that anaerobic bacteria are common in both community- and hospital-acquired infections has evolved during the 1970s mainly through improvements in laboratory culture procedures and a classification system for anaerobes. The availability of effect ... Cite

Effects of storage in an anaerobic transport system on bacteria in known polymicrobial mixtures and in clinical specimens.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · December 1978 An anaerobic transport system (ATS) which provides for catalytic removal of oxygen was evaluated by using in vitro-prepared polymicrobial mixtures of logphase bacteria and clinical specimens. Inoculated swabs were stored at room temperature in (i) aerobic, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Enhancement of experimental anaerobic infections by blood, hemoglobin, and hemostatic agents.

Journal Article Infect Immun · February 1978 Certain foreign materials have been demonstrated to enhance the infectivity of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Whole blood and other protein compounds encountered in surgical settings or trauma were tested for their effect on infectivity of nonsporeforming ... Full text Link to item Cite

Therapeutic evaluation of minocycline and tetracycline for mixed anaerobic infection in mice.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · April 1977 Minocycline has demonstrated greater in vitro activity against anaerobic bacteria than its parent compound, tetracycline. In vivo therapeutic efficacy of the two drugs was tested against a mixed anaerobic infection in a mouse model. Fusobacterium necrophor ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hyperbaric oxygen exposures for intrahepatic abscesses produced in mice by nonsporeforming anaerobic bacteria.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · February 1976 Hyperbaric oxygen exposures were evaluated for treatment of progressive liver abscesses produced by intraperitoneal injection of combined cultures of Fusobacterium necrophorum plus either Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis or Fusobacterium nucleatum in a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Experimental and clinical experience with hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of clostridial myonecrosis.

Journal Article Surgery · January 1975 At Duke University Medical Center, 49 patients with proved clostridial myonecrosis were treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) during the past 10 years. Survival in patients with involvement confined to the extremities was 92.3 percent. Survival in patients ... Link to item Cite

Liver abscess production by non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria in a mouse model.

Journal Article Infect Immun · March 1974 A model anaerobic infection consisting of progressive intrahepatic abscesses was produced in mice by injection of single and combined species of non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hyperbaric oxygen exposures at 3 and 4 atmospheres absolute pressure for experimental gas gangrene: succinate protection against oxygen toxicity.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · November 1972 The concurrent effect of succinate administration to protect against oxygen toxicity and of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposures to treat model gas gangrene in mice was tested to determine whether succinate would interfere with the therapeutic efficacy of HBO ... Full text Link to item Cite