Garnett H. Kelsoe | Scholars@Duke

Garnett H. Kelsoe
James B. Duke Professor of Immunology

1. Lymphocyte development and antigen-driven diversification of immunoglobulin and T cell antigen receptor genes.
2. The germinal center reaction and mechanisms for clonal selection and self - tolerance. The origins of autoimmunity.
3. Interaction of innate- and adaptive immunity and the role of inflammation in lymphoid organogenesis.
4. The role of secondary V(D)J gene rearrangment in lymphocyte development and malignancies.
5. Mathematical modeling of immune responses, DNA motifs, collaborations in bioinformatics.
6. Humoral immunity to influenza and HIV-1.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

James B. Duke Professor of Immunology, Immunology, Basic Science Departments 2001
Professor of Immunology, Immunology, Basic Science Departments 1998
Member of the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Institutes and Centers 1998
Member of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Institutes and Centers 2006

Contact Information

117 Jones Bldg, 207 Research D, Box 3010 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710
Box 3010 DUMC, 117 Jones Building, Durham, NC 27710
ghkelsoe@duke.edu (919) 613-7815

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Professor, Microbiology And Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine 1994 - 1998
- AssociateProfessor, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine 1989 - 1994
- Associate Professor, Microbiology, University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston 1988 - 1989
- Assistant Professor, Microbiology, University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston 1982 - 1988
- D.Sc., Harvard University 1979
Duke Appointment History
- Instructor, Temporary of Immunology, Immunology, Basic Science Departments 1998
Expertise
Subject Headings
Research
Selected Grants
- Structure-function analysis of infection- and vaccine-induced B-cell repertoires awarded by Boston Children's Hospital 2014 - 2022
- Immunity to novel T/F SHIVs: variability in the co-evolution of virus and host immunity awarded by National Institutes of Health 2017 - 2022
- Complement and CR2/CD21 in the Immune Pathogenesis of HIT awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2021
- Basic Immunology Training Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2019
- Modeling affinity maturation at molecular resolution awarded by Boston University 2015 - 2019
- Serial Block Face Scanning Electron Microscope awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2018
- SHIV/HIV Env-Antibody Coevolution as a Guide to Iterative Vaccine Design awarded by University of Pennsylvania 2017 - 2018
- Attenuated HSV Vaccines That Induce Protective Mucosal Antibodies awarded by Albert Einstein College of Medicine 2016 - 2018
- Testing the Nearest Neighbor Approach to Active Vaccination for HIV-1 awarded by University of Washington 2014 - 2017
- Training Program in Inflammatory and Immunological Diseases awarded by National Institutes of Health 1980 - 2017
- Quantifying poly- and autoreactivity in therapeutic chimeric proteins awarded by Scripps Research Institute 2017
- Immunity to novel T/F SHIVs: variability in the co-evolution of virus and host immunity awarded by Quality Biological, Inc. 2016 - 2017
- Culturing and isolating human B-cells using Athena technology awarded by Immune Tolerance Network 2015 - 2016
- Multiscale Systems Immunology awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2015
- Eliciting B cells to produce anti-HIV gp41 MPER-specific neutralizing antibodies awarded by Dana Farber Cancer Institute 2010 - 2015
- BAFF Pathology: Novel Therapeutic Targets in Chronic Graft versus Host Disease awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2015
- T cell function in asthma depends on a novel signaling pathway awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2014
- Microsimulation of anthracis-immune system interaction awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2007
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Book Sections
  - Haynes, BF, Saunders, KO, Kelsoe, G, Mascola, JR, and Nabel, GJ. "The Cellular and Molecular Biology of HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies." In Molecular Biology of B Cells: Second Edition, 441-461. December 15, 2014. Full Text
- Conference Papers
  - McWilliams, LM, Kuraoka, M, and Kelsoe, GH. "A novel pathway for self-tolerance: AID and Somatic Hypermutation in the Human Fetus." February 2011. Full Text Link to Item
  - Munshaw, S, Liao, H, Dixon, A, Chen, X, Nagel, A, Derosa, K, Parks, R, Amos, J, Whitesides, JF, Marshalls, DJ, Yang, Y, Gao, F, Tomaras, GD, Moody, MA, Kelsoe, GH, Shea, TC, Margolis, DM, Markowitz, M, Goepfert, P, Shaw, G, Haynes, BF, and Kepler, TB. "A large-scale analysis of immunoglobulin sequences derived from plasmablasts/plasma cells in acute HIV-1 infection subjects." 2009. Full Text Link to Item
- Journal Articles
  - Yeh, C-H, Nojima, T, Kuraoka, M, and Kelsoe, G. "Germinal center entry not selection of B cells is controlled by peptide-MHCII complex density." Nature communications 9, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 928-. Full Text
  - McCarthy, KR, Watanabe, A, Kuraoka, M, Do, KT, McGee, CE, Sempowski, GD, Kepler, TB, Schmidt, AG, Kelsoe, G, and Harrison, SC. "Memory B Cells that Cross-React with Group 1 and Group 2 Influenza A Viruses Are Abundant in Adult Human Repertoires." Immunity 48, no. 1 (January 2018): 174-184.e9. Full Text
  - Silva, M, Nguyen, TH, Philbrook, P, Chu, M, Sears, O, Hatfield, S, Abbott, RK, Kelsoe, G, and Sitkovsky, MV. "Targeted Elimination of Immunodominant B Cells Drives the Germinal Center Reaction toward Subdominant Epitopes." Cell reports 21, no. 13 (December 2017): 3672-3680. Full Text
  - Williams, WB, Zhang, J, Jiang, C, Nicely, NI, Fera, D, Luo, K, Moody, MA, Liao, H-X, Alam, SM, Kepler, TB, Ramesh, A, Wiehe, K, Holland, JA, Bradley, T, Vandergrift, N, Saunders, KO, Parks, R, Foulger, A, Xia, S-M, Bonsignori, M, Montefiori, DC, Louder, M, Eaton, A, Santra, S, Scearce, R, Sutherland, L, Newman, A, Bouton-Verville, H, Bowman, C, Bomze, H, Gao, F, Marshall, DJ, Whitesides, JF, Nie, X, Kelsoe, G, Reed, SG, Fox, CB, Clary, K, Koutsoukos, M, Franco, D, Mascola, JR, and Harrison, SC et al. "Initiation of HIV neutralizing B cell lineages with sequential envelope immunizations." Nature communications 8, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 1732-. Full Text
  - Takahashi, Y, and Kelsoe, G. "Role of germinal centers for the induction of broadly-reactive memory B cells." Current opinion in immunology 45 (April 2017): 119-125. (Review) Full Text
  - Bonsignori, M, Kreider, EF, Fera, D, Meyerhoff, RR, Bradley, T, Wiehe, K, Alam, SM, Aussedat, B, Walkowicz, WE, Hwang, K-K, Saunders, KO, Zhang, R, Gladden, MA, Monroe, A, Kumar, A, Xia, S-M, Cooper, M, Louder, MK, McKee, K, Bailer, RT, Pier, BW, Jette, CA, Kelsoe, G, Williams, WB, Morris, L, Kappes, J, Wagh, K, Kamanga, G, Cohen, MS, Hraber, PT, Montefiori, DC, Trama, A, Liao, H-X, Kepler, TB, Moody, MA, Gao, F, Danishefsky, SJ, Mascola, JR, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Harrison, SC, and Korber, BT et al. "Staged induction of HIV-1 glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies." Science translational medicine 9, no. 381 (March 2017). Full Text
  - Kuraoka, M, Snowden, PB, Nojima, T, Verkoczy, L, Haynes, BF, Kitamura, D, and Kelsoe, G. "BCR and Endosomal TLR Signals Synergize to Increase AID Expression and Establish Central B Cell Tolerance." Cell reports 18, no. 7 (February 2017): 1627-1635. Full Text
  - Wiehe, K, Nicely, NI, Lockwood, B, Kuraoka, M, Anasti, K, Arora, S, Bowman, CM, Stolarchuk, C, Parks, R, Lloyd, KE, Xia, S-M, Duffy, R, Shen, X, Kyratsous, CA, Macdonald, LE, Murphy, AJ, Scearce, RM, Moody, MA, Alam, SM, Verkoczy, L, Tomaras, GD, Kelsoe, G, and Haynes, BF. "Immunodominance of Antibody Recognition of the HIV Envelope V2 Region in Ig-Humanized Mice." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 198, no. 3 (February 2017): 1047-1055. Full Text
  - Kelsoe, G, and Haynes, BF. "Host controls of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody development." Immunological reviews 275, no. 1 (January 2017): 79-88. (Review) Full Text
  - Bradley, T, Yang, G, Ilkayeva, O, Holl, TM, Zhang, R, Zhang, J, Santra, S, Fox, CB, Reed, SG, Parks, R, Bowman, CM, Bouton-Verville, H, Sutherland, LL, Scearce, RM, Vandergrift, N, Kepler, TB, Moody, MA, Liao, H-X, Alam, SM, McLendon, R, Everitt, JI, Newgard, CB, Verkoczy, L, Kelsoe, G, and Haynes, BF. "HIV-1 Envelope Mimicry of Host Enzyme Kynureninase Does Not Disrupt Tryptophan Metabolism." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 197, no. 12 (December 2016): 4663-4673. Full Text
  - van Gils, MJ, van den Kerkhof, TLGM, Ozorowski, G, Cottrell, CA, Sok, D, Pauthner, M, Pallesen, J, de Val, N, Yasmeen, A, de Taeye, SW, Schorcht, A, Gumbs, S, Johanna, I, Saye-Francisco, K, Liang, C-H, Landais, E, Nie, X, Pritchard, LK, Crispin, M, Kelsoe, G, Wilson, IA, Schuitemaker, H, Klasse, PJ, Moore, JP, Burton, DR, Ward, AB, and Sanders, RW. "An HIV-1 antibody from an elite neutralizer implicates the fusion peptide as a site of vulnerability." Nature microbiology 2 (November 14, 2016): 16199-. Full Text
  - Abbott, RK, Thayer, M, Labuda, J, Silva, M, Philbrook, P, Cain, DW, Kojima, H, Hatfield, S, Sethumadhavan, S, Ohta, A, Reinherz, EL, Kelsoe, G, and Sitkovsky, M. "Germinal Center Hypoxia Potentiates Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 197, no. 10 (November 2016): 4014-4020. Full Text
  - Huang, J, Kang, BH, Ishida, E, Zhou, T, Griesman, T, Sheng, Z, Wu, F, Doria-Rose, NA, Zhang, B, McKee, K, O'Dell, S, Chuang, G-Y, Druz, A, Georgiev, IS, Schramm, CA, Zheng, A, Joyce, MG, Asokan, M, Ransier, A, Darko, S, Migueles, SA, Bailer, RT, Louder, MK, Alam, SM, Parks, R, Kelsoe, G, Von Holle, T, Haynes, BF, Douek, DC, Hirsch, V, Seaman, MS, Shapiro, L, Mascola, JR, Kwong, PD, and Connors, M. "Identification of a CD4-Binding-Site Antibody to HIV that Evolved Near-Pan Neutralization Breadth." Immunity 45, no. 5 (November 2016): 1108-1121. Full Text
  - Su, K-Y, Watanabe, A, Yeh, C-H, Kelsoe, G, and Kuraoka, M. "Efficient Culture of Human Naive and Memory B Cells for Use as APCs." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 197, no. 10 (November 2016): 4163-4176. Full Text
  - Khandelwal, S, Lee, GM, Hester, CG, Poncz, M, McKenzie, SE, Sachais, BS, Rauova, L, Kelsoe, G, Cines, DB, Frank, M, and Arepally, GM. "The antigenic complex in HIT binds to B cells via complement and complement receptor 2 (CD21)." Blood 128, no. 14 (October 2016): 1789-1799. Full Text
  - Bonsignori, M, Zhou, T, Sheng, Z, Chen, L, Gao, F, Joyce, MG, Ozorowski, G, Chuang, G-Y, Schramm, CA, Wiehe, K, Alam, SM, Bradley, T, Gladden, MA, Hwang, K-K, Iyengar, S, Kumar, A, Lu, X, Luo, K, Mangiapani, MC, Parks, RJ, Song, H, Acharya, P, Bailer, RT, Cao, A, Druz, A, Georgiev, IS, Kwon, YD, Louder, MK, Zhang, B, Zheng, A, Hill, BJ, Kong, R, Soto, C, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, , Mullikin, JC, Douek, DC, Montefiori, DC, Moody, MA, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Kelsoe, G, and Hraber, PT et al. "Maturation Pathway from Germline to Broad HIV-1 Neutralizer of a CD4-Mimic Antibody." Cell 165, no. 2 (April 2016): 449-463. Full Text
  - Zhang, R, Verkoczy, L, Wiehe, K, Munir Alam, S, Nicely, NI, Santra, S, Bradley, T, Pemble, CW, Zhang, J, Gao, F, Montefiori, DC, Bouton-Verville, H, Kelsoe, G, Larimore, K, Greenberg, PD, Parks, R, Foulger, A, Peel, JN, Luo, K, Lu, X, Trama, AM, Vandergrift, N, Tomaras, GD, Kepler, TB, Moody, MA, Liao, H-X, and Haynes, BF. "Initiation of immune tolerance-controlled HIV gp41 neutralizing B cell lineages." Science translational medicine 8, no. 336 (April 2016): 336ra62-. Full Text
  - Kuraoka, M, Schmidt, AG, Nojima, T, Feng, F, Watanabe, A, Kitamura, D, Harrison, SC, Kepler, TB, and Kelsoe, G. "Complex Antigens Drive Permissive Clonal Selection in Germinal Centers." Immunity 44, no. 3 (March 2, 2016): 542-552. Full Text
  - Haynes, BF, Shaw, GM, Korber, B, Kelsoe, G, Sodroski, J, Hahn, BH, Borrow, P, and McMichael, AJ. "HIV-Host Interactions: Implications for Vaccine Design." Cell host & microbe 19, no. 3 (March 2016): 292-303. (Review) Full Text
  - Bradley, T, Fera, D, Bhiman, J, Eslamizar, L, Lu, X, Anasti, K, Zhang, R, Sutherland, LL, Scearce, RM, Bowman, CM, Stolarchuk, C, Lloyd, KE, Parks, R, Eaton, A, Foulger, A, Nie, X, Karim, SSA, Barnett, S, Kelsoe, G, Kepler, TB, Alam, SM, Montefiori, DC, Moody, MA, Liao, H-X, Morris, L, Santra, S, Harrison, SC, and Haynes, BF. "Structural Constraints of Vaccine-Induced Tier-2 Autologous HIV Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting the Receptor-Binding Site." Cell reports 14, no. 1 (January 2016): 43-54. Full Text
  - Kelsoe, G. "Heavy-chain receptor editing unbound." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, no. 8 (February 17, 2015): 2297-2298. Full Text
  - Ci, X, Kuraoka, M, Wang, H, Carico, Z, Hopper, K, Shin, J, Deng, X, Qiu, Y, Unniraman, S, Kelsoe, G, and Zhong, X-P. "TSC1 Promotes B Cell Maturation but Is Dispensable for Germinal Center Formation." PloS one 10, no. 5 (January 2015): e0127527-. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Liu, M, Yang, G, Wiehe, K, Nicely, NI, Vandergrift, NA, Rountree, W, Bonsignori, M, Alam, SM, Gao, J, Haynes, BF, and Kelsoe, G. "Polyreactivity and autoreactivity among HIV-1 antibodies." Journal of virology 89, no. 1 (January 2015): 784-798. Full Text
  - Reynolds, AE, Kuraoka, M, and Kelsoe, G. "Natural IgM is produced by CD5- plasma cells that occupy a distinct survival niche in bone marrow." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 194, no. 1 (January 2015): 231-242. Full Text
  - Wiehe, K, Easterhoff, D, Luo, K, Nicely, NI, Bradley, T, Jaeger, FH, Dennison, SM, Zhang, R, Lloyd, KE, Stolarchuk, C, Parks, R, Sutherland, LL, Scearce, RM, Morris, L, Kaewkungwal, J, Nitayaphan, S, Pitisuttithum, P, Rerks-Ngarm, S, Sinangil, F, Phogat, S, Michael, NL, Kim, JH, Kelsoe, G, Montefiori, DC, Tomaras, GD, Bonsignori, M, Santra, S, Kepler, TB, Alam, SM, Moody, MA, Liao, H-X, and Haynes, BF. "Antibody light-chain-restricted recognition of the site of immune pressure in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial is phylogenetically conserved." Immunity 41, no. 6 (December 2014): 909-918. Full Text
  - Kelsoe, G. "Curiouser and curiouser: the role(s) of AID expression in self-tolerance." European journal of immunology 44, no. 10 (October 2014): 2876-2879. Full Text
  - Kepler, TB, Liao, H-X, Alam, SM, Bhaskarabhatla, R, Zhang, R, Yandava, C, Stewart, S, Anasti, K, Kelsoe, G, Parks, R, Lloyd, KE, Stolarchuk, C, Pritchett, J, Solomon, E, Friberg, E, Morris, L, Karim, SSA, Cohen, MS, Walter, E, Moody, MA, Wu, X, Altae-Tran, HR, Georgiev, IS, Kwong, PD, Boyd, SD, Fire, AZ, Mascola, JR, and Haynes, BF. "Immunoglobulin gene insertions and deletions in the affinity maturation of HIV-1 broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies." Cell host & microbe 16, no. 3 (September 2014): 304-313. Full Text
  - Gao, F, Bonsignori, M, Liao, HX, Kumar, A, Xia, SM, Lu, X, Cai, F, Hwang, KK, Song, H, Zhou, T, Lynch, RM, Alam, SM, Moody, MA, Ferrari, G, Berrong, M, Kelsoe, G, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Montefiori, DC, Kamanga, G, Cohen, MS, Hraber, P, Kwong, PD, Korber, BT, Mascola, JR, Kepler, TB, and Haynes, BF. "Cooperation of B cell lineages in induction of HIV-1-broadly neutralizing antibodies." Cell 158, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 481-491. Full Text
  - Gao, F, Bonsignori, M, Liao, H-X, Kumar, A, Xia, S-M, Lu, X, Cai, F, Hwang, K-K, Song, H, Zhou, T, Lynch, RM, Alam, SM, Moody, MA, Ferrari, G, Berrong, M, Kelsoe, G, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Montefiori, DC, Kamanga, G, Cohen, MS, Hraber, P, Kwong, PD, Korber, BT, Mascola, JR, Kepler, TB, and Haynes, BF. "Cooperation of B cell lineages in induction of HIV-1-broadly neutralizing antibodies." Cell 158, no. 3 (July 24, 2014): 481-491. Full Text
  - Haynes, BF, Moody, MA, Alam, M, Bonsignori, M, Verkoczy, L, Ferrari, G, Gao, F, Tomaras, GD, Liao, H-X, and Kelsoe, G. "Progress in HIV-1 vaccine development." The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 134, no. 1 (July 2014): 3-11. (Review) Full Text
  - Haynes, BF, Verkoczy, L, and Kelsoe, G. "Redemption of autoreactive B cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111, no. 25 (June 11, 2014): 9022-9023. Full Text
  - Verkoczy, L, Kelsoe, G, and Haynes, BF. "HIV-1 envelope gp41 broadly neutralizing antibodies: hurdles for vaccine development." PLoS pathogens 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2014): e1004073-. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Bonsignori, M, Wiehe, K, Grimm, SK, Lynch, R, Yang, G, Kozink, DM, Perrin, F, Cooper, AJ, Hwang, K-K, Chen, X, Liu, M, McKee, K, Parks, RJ, Eudailey, J, Wang, M, Clowse, M, Criscione-Schreiber, LG, Moody, MA, Ackerman, ME, Boyd, SD, Gao, F, Kelsoe, G, Verkoczy, L, Tomaras, GD, Liao, H-X, Kepler, TB, Montefiori, DC, Mascola, JR, and Haynes, BF. "An autoreactive antibody from an SLE/HIV-1 individual broadly neutralizes HIV-1." The Journal of clinical investigation 124, no. 4 (April 2014): 1835-1843. Full Text
  - Caro-Maldonado, A, Wang, R, Nichols, AG, Kuraoka, M, Milasta, S, Sun, LD, Gavin, AL, Abel, ED, Kelsoe, G, Green, DR, and Rathmell, JC. "Metabolic reprogramming is required for antibody production that is suppressed in anergic but exaggerated in chronically BAFF-exposed B cells." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 192, no. 8 (April 2014): 3626-3636. Full Text
  - Holl, TM, Yang, G, Kuraoka, M, Verkoczy, L, Alam, SM, Moody, MA, Haynes, BF, and Kelsoe, G. "Enhanced antibody responses to an HIV-1 membrane-proximal external region antigen in mice reconstituted with cultured lymphocytes." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 192, no. 7 (April 2014): 3269-3279. Full Text
  - Kelsoe, G, Verkoczy, L, and Haynes, BF. "Immune System Regulation in the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibodies." Vaccines 2, no. 1 (March 2014): 1-14. Full Text
  - Gearhart, PJ, and Kelsoe, G. "A tribute to Michael S. Neuberger." The Journal of clinical investigation 124, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 3-5. Full Text
  - Hwang, K-K, Trama, AM, Kozink, DM, Chen, X, Wiehe, K, Cooper, AJ, Xia, S-M, Wang, M, Marshall, DJ, Whitesides, J, Alam, M, Tomaras, GD, Allen, SL, Rai, KR, McKeating, J, Catera, R, Yan, X-J, Chu, CC, Kelsoe, G, Liao, H-X, Chiorazzi, N, and Haynes, BF. "IGHV1-69 B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia antibodies cross-react with HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus antigens as well as intestinal commensal bacteria." PLoS ONE 9, no. 3 (January 2014): e90725-. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Kepler, TB, Munshaw, S, Wiehe, K, Zhang, R, Yu, J-S, Woods, CW, Denny, TN, Tomaras, GD, Alam, SM, Moody, MA, Kelsoe, G, Liao, H-X, and Haynes, BF. "Reconstructing a B-Cell Clonal Lineage. II. Mutation, Selection, and Affinity Maturation." Frontiers in immunology 5 (January 2014): 170-. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Cain, DW, O'Koren, EG, Kan, MJ, Womble, M, Sempowski, GD, Hopper, K, Gunn, MD, and Kelsoe, G. "Identification of a tissue-specific, C/EBPβ-dependent pathway of differentiation for murine peritoneal macrophages." J Immunol 191, no. 9 (November 1, 2013): 4665-4675. Full Text Link to Item
  - McWilliams, L, Su, K-Y, Liang, X, Liao, D, Floyd, S, Amos, J, Moody, MA, Kelsoe, G, and Kuraoka, M. "The human fetal lymphocyte lineage: identification by CD27 and LIN28B expression in B cell progenitors." J Leukoc Biol 94, no. 5 (November 2013): 991-1001. Full Text Link to Item
  - Liao, H-X, Lynch, R, Zhou, T, Gao, F, Alam, SM, Boyd, SD, Fire, AZ, Roskin, KM, Schramm, CA, Zhang, Z, Zhu, J, Shapiro, L, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, , Mullikin, JC, Gnanakaran, S, Hraber, P, Wiehe, K, Kelsoe, G, Yang, G, Xia, S-M, Montefiori, DC, Parks, R, Lloyd, KE, Scearce, RM, Soderberg, KA, Cohen, M, Kamanga, G, Louder, MK, Tran, LM, Chen, Y, Cai, F, Chen, S, Moquin, S, Du, X, Joyce, MG, Srivatsan, S, Zhang, B, Zheng, A, Shaw, GM, Hahn, BH, Kepler, TB, Korber, BTM, and Kwong, PD et al. "Co-evolution of a broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody and founder virus." Nature 496, no. 7446 (April 3, 2013): 469-476. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Yang, G, Holl, TM, Liu, Y, Li, Y, Lu, X, Nicely, NI, Kepler, TB, Alam, SM, Liao, H-X, Cain, DW, Spicer, L, VandeBerg, JL, Haynes, BF, and Kelsoe, G. "Identification of autoantigens recognized by the 2F5 and 4E10 broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies." J Exp Med 210, no. 2 (February 11, 2013): 241-256. Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Cain, DW, Sanders, SE, Cunningham, MM, and Kelsoe, G. "Disparate adjuvant properties among three formulations of " alum"." Vaccine 31, no. 4 (2013): 653-660. Full Text
  - Kim, M, Song, L, Moon, J, Sun, Z-YJ, Bershteyn, A, Hanson, M, Cain, D, Goka, S, Kelsoe, G, Wagner, G, and al, E. "Immunogenicity of membrane-bound HIV-1 gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) segments is dominated by residue accessibility and modulated by stereochemistry." Journal of Biological Chemistry 288, no. 44 (2013): 31888-31901. Full Text
  - Moody, MA, Yates, NL, Amos, JD, Drinker, MS, Eudailey, JA, Gurley, TC, Marshall, DJ, Whitesides, JF, Chen, X, Foulger, A, Yu, J-S, Zhang, R, Meyerhoff, RR, Parks, R, Scull, JC, Wang, L, Vandergrift, NA, Pickeral, J, Pollara, J, Kelsoe, G, Alam, SM, Ferrari, G, Montefiori, DC, Voss, G, Liao, H-X, Tomaras, GD, and Haynes, BF. "HIV-1 gp120 vaccine induces affinity maturation in both new and persistent antibody clonal lineages." J Virol 86, no. 14 (July 2012): 7496-7507. Full Text Link to Item
  - Haynes, BF, Kelsoe, G, Harrison, SC, and Kepler, TB. "B-cell-lineage immunogen design in vaccine development with HIV-1 as a case study. (Published online)" Nat Biotechnol 30, no. 5 (May 7, 2012): 423-433. Full Text Link to Item
  - Cain, DW, Sanders, SE, Cunningham, MM, and Kelsoe, G. "Disparate adjuvant properties among three formulations of "alum"." Vaccine (2012). Full Text
  - Friedman, J, Alam, SM, Shen, X, Xia, S-M, Stewart, S, Anasti, K, Pollara, J, Fouda, GG, Yang, G, Kelsoe, G, Ferrari, G, Tomaras, GD, Haynes, BF, Liao, H-X, Moody, MA, and Permar, SR. "Isolation of HIV-1-neutralizing mucosal monoclonal antibodies from human colostrum." PLoS One 7, no. 5 (2012): e37648-. Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Alam, SM, Liao, H-X, Dennison, SM, Jaeger, F, Parks, R, Anasti, K, Foulger, A, Donathan, M, Lucas, J, Verkoczy, L, Nicely, N, Tomaras, GD, Kelsoe, G, Chen, B, Kepler, TB, and Haynes, BF. "Differential reactivity of germ line allelic variants of a broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody to a gp41 fusion intermediate conformation." J Virol 85, no. 22 (November 2011): 11725-11731. Full Text Link to Item
  - Liao, H-X, Chen, X, Munshaw, S, Zhang, R, Marshall, DJ, Vandergrift, N, Whitesides, JF, Lu, X, Yu, J-S, Hwang, K-K, Gao, F, Markowitz, M, Heath, SL, Bar, KJ, Goepfert, PA, Montefiori, DC, Shaw, GC, Alam, SM, Margolis, DM, Denny, TN, Boyd, SD, Marshal, E, Egholm, M, Simen, BB, Hanczaruk, B, Fire, AZ, Voss, G, Kelsoe, G, Tomaras, GD, Moody, MA, Kepler, TB, and Haynes, BF. "Initial antibodies binding to HIV-1 gp41 in acutely infected subjects are polyreactive and highly mutated." J Exp Med 208, no. 11 (October 24, 2011): 2237-2249. Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Kuraoka, M, and Kelsoe, G. "A novel role for activation-induced cytidine deaminase: central B-cell tolerance." Cell Cycle 10, no. 20 (October 15, 2011): 3423-3424. Full Text Link to Item
  - Bonsignori, M, Hwang, K-K, Chen, X, Tsao, C-Y, Morris, L, Gray, E, Marshall, DJ, Crump, JA, Kapiga, SH, Sam, NE, Sinangil, F, Pancera, M, Yongping, Y, Zhang, B, Zhu, J, Kwong, PD, O'Dell, S, Mascola, JR, Wu, L, Nabel, GJ, Phogat, S, Seaman, MS, Whitesides, JF, Moody, MA, Kelsoe, G, Yang, X, Sodroski, J, Shaw, GM, Montefiori, DC, Kepler, TB, Tomaras, GD, Alam, SM, Liao, H-X, and Haynes, BF. "Analysis of a clonal lineage of HIV-1 envelope V2/V3 conformational epitope-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies and their inferred unmutated common ancestors." J Virol 85, no. 19 (October 2011): 9998-10009. Full Text Link to Item
  - Verkoczy, L, Chen, Y, Bouton-Verville, H, Zhang, J, Diaz, M, Hutchinson, J, Ouyang, Y-B, Alam, SM, Holl, TM, Hwang, K-K, Kelsoe, G, and Haynes, BF. "Rescue of HIV-1 broad neutralizing antibody-expressing B cells in 2F5 VH x VL knockin mice reveals multiple tolerance controls." J Immunol 187, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 3785-3797. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kuraoka, M, Holl, TM, Liao, D, Womble, M, Cain, DW, Reynolds, AE, and Kelsoe, G. "Activation-induced cytidine deaminase mediates central tolerance in B cells." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108, no. 28 (July 12, 2011): 11560-11565. Full Text Link to Item
  - Verkoczy, L, Kelsoe, G, Moody, MA, and Haynes, BF. "Role of immune mechanisms in induction of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies." Curr Opin Immunol 23, no. 3 (June 2011): 383-390. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Holl, EK, O'Connor, BP, Holl, TM, Roney, KE, Zimmermann, AG, Jha, S, Kelsoe, G, and Ting, JP-Y. "Plexin-D1 is a novel regulator of germinal centers and humoral immune responses." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 186, no. 10 (May 2011): 5603-5611. Full Text
  - Kelsoe, G. "B cell tolerance: putting the horse before the cart." Arthritis Rheum 63, no. 5 (May 2011): 1173-1176. Full Text Link to Item
  - McGowan, PO, Hope, TA, Meck, WH, Kelsoe, G, and Williams, CL. "Impaired social recognition memory in recombination activating gene 1-deficient mice." Brain Res 1383 (April 6, 2011): 187-195. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kuraoka, M, McWilliams, L, and Kelsoe, G. "AID expression during B-cell development: searching for answers." Immunol Res 49, no. 1-3 (April 2011): 3-13. Full Text Link to Item
  - Cain, DW, Snowden, PB, Sempowski, GD, and Kelsoe, G. "Inflammation triggers emergency granulopoiesis through a density-dependent feedback mechanism." PLoS One 6, no. 5 (2011): e19957-. Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Moody, MA, Zhang, R, Walter, EB, Woods, CW, Ginsburg, GS, McClain, MT, Denny, TN, Chen, X, Munshaw, S, Marshall, DJ, Whitesides, JF, Drinker, MS, Amos, JD, Gurley, TC, Eudailey, JA, Foulger, A, DeRosa, KR, Parks, R, Meyerhoff, RR, Yu, J-S, Kozink, DM, Barefoot, BE, Ramsburg, EA, Khurana, S, Golding, H, Vandergrift, NA, Alam, SM, Tomaras, GD, Kepler, TB, Kelsoe, G, Liao, H-X, and Haynes, BF. "H3N2 influenza infection elicits more cross-reactive and less clonally expanded anti-hemagglutinin antibodies than influenza vaccination." PLoS One 6, no. 10 (2011): e25797-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G, and Cain, D. "A new guise for hyper-IgM syndrome." Blood 116, no. 26 (December 23, 2010): 5785-5786. Full Text Link to Item
  - Nicely, NI, Dennison, SM, Spicer, L, Scearce, RM, Kelsoe, G, Ueda, Y, Chen, H, Liao, H-X, Alam, SM, and Haynes, BF. "Crystal structure of a non-neutralizing antibody to the HIV-1 gp41 membrane-proximal external region." Nat Struct Mol Biol 17, no. 12 (December 2010): 1492-1494. Full Text Link to Item
  - Chen, H, Liao, D, Cain, D, McLeod, I, Ueda, Y, Guan, Z, Raetz, C, and Kelsoe, G. "Distinct granuloma responses in C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ mice in response to pristane." Int J Exp Pathol 91, no. 5 (October 2010): 460-471. Full Text Link to Item
  - Chen, H, Liao, D, Holl, TM, Snowden, P, Ueda, Y, and Kelsoe, G. "Genetic regulation of pristane-induced oil granuloma responses." Int J Exp Pathol 91, no. 5 (October 2010): 472-483. Full Text Link to Item
  - Holl, TM, Haynes, BF, and Kelsoe, G. "Stromal cell independent B cell development in vitro: generation and recovery of autoreactive clones." J Immunol Methods 354, no. 1-2 (March 31, 2010): 53-67. Full Text Link to Item
  - Verkoczy, L, Diaz, M, Holl, TM, Ouyang, Y-B, Bouton-Verville, H, Alam, SM, Liao, H-X, Kelsoe, G, and Haynes, BF. "Autoreactivity in an HIV-1 broadly reactive neutralizing antibody variable region heavy chain induces immunologic tolerance." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, no. 1 (January 5, 2010): 181-186. Full Text Link to Item
  - Verkoczy, L, Moody, MA, Holl, TM, Bouton-Verville, H, Scearce, RM, Hutchinson, J, Alam, SM, Kelsoe, G, and Haynes, BF. "Functional, non-clonal IgMa-restricted B cell receptor interactions with the HIV-1 envelope gp41 membrane proximal external region. (Published online)" PLoS One 4, no. 10 (October 6, 2009): e7215-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kuraoka, M, Liao, D, Yang, K, Allgood, SD, Levesque, MC, Kelsoe, G, and Ueda, Y. "Activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression and activity in the absence of germinal centers: insights into hyper-IgM syndrome." J Immunol 183, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 3237-3248. Full Text Link to Item
  - Bonsignori, M, Moody, MA, Parks, RJ, Holl, TM, Kelsoe, G, Hicks, CB, Vandergrift, N, Tomaras, GD, and Haynes, BF. "HIV-1 envelope induces memory B cell responses that correlate with plasma antibody levels after envelope gp120 protein vaccination or HIV-1 infection." Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 183, no. 4 (August 2009): 2708-2717. Full Text
  - Levesque, MC, Moody, MA, Hwang, K-K, Marshall, DJ, Whitesides, JF, Amos, JD, Gurley, TC, Allgood, S, Haynes, BB, Vandergrift, NA, Plonk, S, Parker, DC, Cohen, MS, Tomaras, GD, Goepfert, PA, Shaw, GM, Schmitz, JE, Eron, JJ, Shaheen, NJ, Hicks, CB, Liao, H-X, Markowitz, M, Kelsoe, G, Margolis, DM, and Haynes, BF. "Polyclonal B cell differentiation and loss of gastrointestinal tract germinal centers in the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection." PLoS medicine 6, no. 7 (July 7, 2009): e1000107-. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Lieberman, AE, Kuraoka, M, Davila, M, Kelsoe, G, and Cowell, LG. "Conserved cryptic recombination signals in Vkappa gene segments are cleaved in small pre-B cells. (Published online)" BMC Immunol 10 (June 25, 2009): 37-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Ueda, Y, Cain, DW, Kuraoka, M, Kondo, M, and Kelsoe, G. "IL-1R type I-dependent hemopoietic stem cell proliferation is necessary for inflammatory granulopoiesis and reactive neutrophilia." J Immunol 182, no. 10 (May 15, 2009): 6477-6484. Full Text Link to Item
  - Cain, D, Kondo, M, Chen, H, and Kelsoe, G. "Effects of acute and chronic inflammation on B-cell development and differentiation." J Invest Dermatol 129, no. 2 (February 2009): 266-277. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Holl, TM, Kuraoka, M, Liao, D, Verkoczy, L, Moody, MA, Alam, M, Liao, H, Haynes, BF, and Kelsoe, GH. "Generation of antibody responses to HIV-1 membrane proximal external region (MPER) antigen." RETROVIROLOGY 6 (2009). Full Text Link to Item
  - DiLillo, DJ, Hamaguchi, Y, Ueda, Y, Yang, K, Uchida, J, Haas, KM, Kelsoe, G, and Tedder, TF. "Maintenance of long-lived plasma cells and serological memory despite mature and memory B cell depletion during CD20 immunotherapy in mice." J Immunol 180, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 361-371. Link to Item
  - Davila, M, Liu, F, Cowell, LG, Lieberman, AE, Heikamp, E, Patel, A, and Kelsoe, G. "Multiple, conserved cryptic recombination signals in VH gene segments: detection of cleavage products only in pro B cells." J Exp Med 204, no. 13 (December 24, 2007): 3195-3208. Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Alam, SM, McAdams, M, Boren, D, Rak, M, Scearce, RM, Gao, F, Camacho, ZT, Gewirth, D, Kelsoe, G, Chen, P, and Haynes, BF. "The role of antibody polyspecificity and lipid reactivity in binding of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 envelope human monoclonal antibodies 2F5 and 4E10 to glycoprotein 41 membrane proximal envelope epitopes." J Immunol 178, no. 7 (April 1, 2007): 4424-4435. Link to Item
  - Ueda, Y, Liao, D, Yang, K, Patel, A, and Kelsoe, G. "T-independent activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression, class-switch recombination, and antibody production by immature/transitional 1 B cells." J Immunol 178, no. 6 (March 15, 2007): 3593-3601. Link to Item
  - Volkheimer, AD, Weinberg, JB, Beasley, BE, Whitesides, JF, Gockerman, JP, Moore, JO, Kelsoe, G, Goodman, BK, and Levesque, MC. "Progressive immunoglobulin gene mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: evidence for antigen-driven intraclonal diversification." Blood 109, no. 4 (February 15, 2007): 1559-1567. Full Text Link to Item
  - Murray, JM, O'Neill, JP, Messier, T, Rivers, J, Walker, VE, McGonagle, B, Trombley, L, Cowell, LG, Kelsoe, G, McBlane, F, and Finette, BA. "V(D)J recombinase-mediated processing of coding junctions at cryptic recombination signal sequences in peripheral T cells during human development." J Immunol 177, no. 8 (October 15, 2006): 5393-5404. Link to Item
  - Holl, TM, and Kelsoe, G. "Outside influence: TLRs direct hematopoietic cell fates." Immunity 24, no. 6 (June 2006): 667-669. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Ueda, Y, Kondo, M, and Kelsoe, G. "Inflammation and the reciprocal production of granulocytes and lymphocytes in bone marrow." J Exp Med 201, no. 11 (June 6, 2005): 1771-1780. Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Haynes, BF, Moody, MA, Verkoczy, L, Kelsoe, G, and Alam, SM. "Antibody polyspecificity and neutralization of HIV-1: a hypothesis." Hum Antibodies 14, no. 3-4 (2005): 59-67. (Review) Link to Item
  - Cowell, LG, Davila, M, Ramsden, D, and Kelsoe, G. "Computational tools for understanding sequence variability in recombination signals." Immunol Rev 200 (August 2004): 57-69. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Gunn, MD, and Kelsoe, G. "Should we B-leavin' now?." Nat Immunol 5, no. 7 (July 2004): 703-704. Full Text Link to Item
  - Ueda, Y, Yang, K, Foster, SJ, Kondo, M, and Kelsoe, G. "Inflammation controls B lymphopoiesis by regulating chemokine CXCL12 expression." J Exp Med 199, no. 1 (January 5, 2004): 47-58. Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Kincade, PW, and Kelsoe, G. "A birthday for B cells: Lymphopoiesis II, a scientific symposium honoring Max Cooper." Nat Immunol 4, no. 12 (December 2003): 1155-1157. Full Text Link to Item
  - Sharov, AA, Piao, Y, Matoba, R, Dudekula, DB, Qian, Y, VanBuren, V, Falco, G, Martin, PR, Stagg, CA, Bassey, UC, Wang, Y, Carter, MG, Hamatani, T, Aiba, K, Akutsu, H, Sharova, L, Tanaka, TS, Kimber, WL, Yoshikawa, T, Jaradat, SA, Pantano, S, Nagaraja, R, Boheler, KR, Taub, D, Hodes, RJ, Longo, DL, Schlessinger, D, Keller, J, Klotz, E, Kelsoe, G, Umezawa, A, Vescovi, AL, Rossant, J, Kunath, T, Hogan, BLM, Curci, A, D'Urso, M, Kelso, J, Hide, W, and Ko, MSH. "Transcriptome analysis of mouse stem cells and early embryos." PLoS Biol 1, no. 3 (December 2003): E74-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "Therapeutic CD154 antibody for lupus: promise for the future?." J Clin Invest 112, no. 10 (November 2003): 1480-1482. Full Text Link to Item
  - Lee, AI, Fugmann, SD, Cowell, LG, Ptaszek, LM, Kelsoe, G, and Schatz, DG. "A functional analysis of the spacer of V(D)J recombination signal sequences." PLoS Biol 1, no. 1 (October 2003): E1-. Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Han, S, Yang, K, Ozen, Z, Peng, W, Marinova, E, Kelsoe, G, and Zheng, B. "Enhanced differentiation of splenic plasma cells but diminished long-lived high-affinity bone marrow plasma cells in aged mice." J Immunol 170, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 1267-1273. Link to Item
  - Cowell, LG, Davila, M, Yang, K, Kepler, TB, and Kelsoe, G. "Prospective estimation of recombination signal efficiency and identification of functional cryptic signals in the genome by statistical modeling." J Exp Med 197, no. 2 (January 20, 2003): 207-220. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Liang, H-E, Hsu, L-Y, Cado, D, Cowell, LG, Kelsoe, G, and Schlissel, MS. "The "dispensable" portion of RAG2 is necessary for efficient V-to-DJ rearrangement during B and T cell development." Immunity 17, no. 5 (November 2002): 639-651. Link to Item
  - Dal Porto, JM, Haberman, AM, Kelsoe, G, and Shlomchik, MJ. "Very low affinity B cells form germinal centers, become memory B cells, and participate in secondary immune responses when higher affinity competition is reduced." J Exp Med 195, no. 9 (May 6, 2002): 1215-1221. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Cowell, LG, Davila, M, Kepler, TB, and Kelsoe, G. "Identification and utilization of arbitrary correlations in models of recombination signal sequences." Genome Biol 3, no. 12 (2002): RESEARCH0072-. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Luzina, IG, Atamas, SP, Storrer, CE, daSilva, LC, Kelsoe, G, Papadimitriou, JC, and Handwerger, BS. "Spontaneous formation of germinal centers in autoimmune mice." J Leukoc Biol 70, no. 4 (October 2001): 578-584. Link to Item
  - Sandel, PC, Gendelman, M, Kelsoe, G, and Monroe, JG. "Definition of a novel cellular constituent of the bone marrow that regulates the response of immature B cells to B cell antigen receptor engagement." J Immunol 166, no. 10 (May 15, 2001): 5935-5944. Link to Item
  - Cerasoli, DM, Kelsoe, G, and Sarzotti, M. "CD4+Thy1- thymocytes with a Th-type 2 cytokine response." Int Immunol 13, no. 1 (January 2001): 75-83. Link to Item
  - Cerasoli, DM, Kelsoe, G, and Sarzotti, M. "CD4⁺ Thy1^- thymocytes with a T_h-type 2 cytokine response." International Immunology 13, no. 1 (2001): 75-83.
  - Davila, M, Foster, S, Kelsoe, G, and Yang, K. "A role for secondary V(D)J recombination in oncogenic chromosomal translocations?." Adv Cancer Res 81 (2001): 61-92. (Review) Link to Item
  - Chen, Z, Koralov, SB, and Kelsoe, G. "Complement C4 inhibits systemic autoimmunity through a mechanism independent of complement receptors CR1 and CR2." J Exp Med 192, no. 9 (November 6, 2000): 1339-1352. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "Remembrance of things past." Nat Immunol 1, no. 5 (November 2000): 375-376. Full Text Link to Item
  - Chen, Z, Koralov, SB, and Kelsoe, G. "Regulation of humoral immune responses by CD21/CD35." Immunol Rev 176 (August 2000): 194-204. (Review) Link to Item
  - Chen, Z, Koralov, SB, Gendelman, M, Carroll, MC, and Kelsoe, G. "Humoral immune responses in Cr2-/- mice: enhanced affinity maturation but impaired antibody persistence." J Immunol 164, no. 9 (May 1, 2000): 4522-4532. Link to Item
  - Langdon, SD, Inaioki, M, Kelsoe, G, and Tedder, TF. "Germline sequences of V(H)7183 gene family members in C57BL/6 mice demonstrate natural selection of particular sequences during recent evolution." Immunogenetics 51, no. 3 (March 2000): 241-245. Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "Studies of the humoral immune response." Immunol Res 22, no. 2-3 (2000): 199-210. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Takahashi, Y, Cerasoli, DM, Dal Porto, JM, Shimoda, M, Freund, R, Fang, W, Telander, DG, Malvey, EN, Mueller, DL, Behrens, TW, and Kelsoe, G. "Relaxed negative selection in germinal centers and impaired affinity maturation in bcl-xL transgenic mice." J Exp Med 190, no. 3 (August 2, 1999): 399-410. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Monroe, RJ, Seidl, KJ, Gaertner, F, Han, S, Chen, F, Sekiguchi, J, Wang, J, Ferrini, R, Davidson, L, Kelsoe, G, and Alt, FW. "RAG2:GFP knockin mice reveal novel aspects of RAG2 expression in primary and peripheral lymphoid tissues." Immunity 11, no. 2 (August 1999): 201-212. Link to Item
  - Luzina, IG, daSilva, LC, Kelsoe, GH, Gerdelman, M, Storrer, CE, and Handwerger, BS. "Spontaneous germinal center formation in autoimmune mice." FASEB JOURNAL 13, no. 5 (March 15, 1999): A956-A956. Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "V(D)J hypermutation and receptor revision: coloring outside the lines." Curr Opin Immunol 11, no. 1 (February 1999): 70-75. (Review) Link to Item
  - Yang, K, Davila, M, and Kelsoe, G. "Do germinal centers have a role in the generation of lymphomas?." Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 246 (1999): 53-60. (Review) Link to Item
  - Dal Porto, JM, Haberman, AM, Shlomchik, MJ, and Kelsoe, G. "Antigen drives very low affinity B cells to become plasmacytes and enter germinal centers." J Immunol 161, no. 10 (November 15, 1998): 5373-5381. Link to Item
  - Radmacher, MD, Kelsoe, G, and Kepler, TB. "Predicted and inferred waiting times for key mutations in the germinal centre reaction: evidence for stochasticity in selection." Immunol Cell Biol 76, no. 4 (August 1998): 373-381. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "V(D)J hypermutation and DNA mismatch repair: vexed by fixation." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, no. 12 (June 9, 1998): 6576-6577. Link to Item
  - Fischer, MB, Goerg, S, Shen, L, Prodeus, AP, Goodnow, CC, Kelsoe, G, and Carroll, MC. "Dependence of germinal center B cells on expression of CD21/CD35 for survival." Science 280, no. 5363 (April 24, 1998): 582-585. Link to Item
  - Zheng, B, Han, S, Spanopoulou, E, and Kelsoe, G. "Immunoglobulin gene hypermutation in germinal centers is independent of the RAG-1 V(D)J recombinase." Immunol Rev 162 (April 1998): 133-141. (Review) Link to Item
  - Takahashi, Y, Dutta, PR, Cerasoli, DM, and Kelsoe, G. "In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. V. Affinity maturation develops in two stages of clonal selection." J Exp Med 187, no. 6 (March 16, 1998): 885-895. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Przylepa, J, Himes, C, and Kelsoe, G. "Lymphocyte development and selection in germinal centers." Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 229 (1998): 85-104. (Review) Link to Item
  - Zheng, B, Han, S, Takahashi, Y, and Kelsoe, G. "Immunosenescence and germinal center reaction." Immunol Rev 160 (December 1997): 63-77. (Review) Link to Item
  - Han, S, Dillon, SR, Zheng, B, Shimoda, M, Schlissel, MS, and Kelsoe, G. "V(D)J recombinase activity in a subset of germinal center B lymphocytes." Science 278, no. 5336 (October 10, 1997): 301-305. Link to Item
  - Han, S, Zheng, B, Takahashi, Y, and Kelsoe, G. "Distinctive characteristics of germinal center B cells." Semin Immunol 9, no. 4 (August 1997): 255-260. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Han, S, Zheng, B, Schatz, DG, Spanopoulou, E, and Kelsoe, G. "Neoteny in lymphocytes: Rag1 and Rag2 expression in germinal center B cells." Science 274, no. 5295 (December 20, 1996): 2094-2097. Link to Item
  - Zheng, B, Han, S, Zhu, Q, Goldsby, R, and Kelsoe, G. "Alternative pathways for the selection of antigen-specific peripheral T cells." Nature 384, no. 6606 (November 21, 1996): 263-266. Full Text Link to Item
  - Pao, W, Wen, L, Smith, AL, Gulbranson-Judge, A, Zheng, B, Kelsoe, G, MacLennan, IC, Owen, MJ, and Hayday, AC. "Gamma delta T cell help of B cells is induced by repeated parasitic infection, in the absence of other T cells." Curr Biol 6, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 1317-1325. Link to Item
  - Zheng, B, Han, S, and Kelsoe, G. "T helper cells in murine germinal centers are antigen-specific emigrants that downregulate Thy-1." J Exp Med 184, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 1083-1091. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Fischer, MB, Ma, M, Goerg, S, Zhou, X, Xia, J, Finco, O, Han, S, Kelsoe, G, Howard, RG, Rothstein, TL, Kremmer, E, Rosen, FS, and Carroll, MC. "Regulation of the B cell response to T-dependent antigens by classical pathway complement." J Immunol 157, no. 2 (July 15, 1996): 549-556. Link to Item
  - Ferguson, SE, Han, S, Kelsoe, G, and Thompson, CB. "CD28 is required for germinal center formation." J Immunol 156, no. 12 (June 15, 1996): 4576-4581. Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "The germinal center: a crucible for lymphocyte selection." Semin Immunol 8, no. 3 (June 1996): 179-184. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Wen, L, Pao, W, Wong, FS, Peng, Q, Craft, J, Zheng, B, Kelsoe, G, Dianda, L, Owen, MJ, and Hayday, AC. "Germinal center formation, immunoglobulin class switching, and autoantibody production driven by "non alpha/beta" T cells." J Exp Med 183, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 2271-2282. Link to Item
  - Croix, DA, Ahearn, JM, Rosengard, AM, Han, S, Kelsoe, G, Ma, M, and Carroll, MC. "Antibody response to a T-dependent antigen requires B cell expression of complement receptors." J Exp Med 183, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 1857-1864. Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "Life and death in germinal centers (redux)." Immunity 4, no. 2 (February 1996): 107-111. (Review) Link to Item
  - Pao, W, Wen, L, Smith, AL, Gulbranson-Judge, A, Zheng, B, Kelsoe, G, MacLennan, ICM, Owen, MJ, and Hayday, AC. "γδ T cell help of B cells is induced by repeated parasitic infection, in the absence of other T cells." Current Biology 6, no. 10 (1996): 1317-1325.
  - Zheng, B, Kelsoe, G, and Han, S. "Somatic diversification of antibody responses." J Clin Immunol 16, no. 1 (January 1996): 1-11. (Review) Link to Item
  - Han, S, Zheng, B, Dal Porto, J, and Kelsoe, G. "In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. IV. Affinity-dependent, antigen-driven B cell apoptosis in germinal centers as a mechanism for maintaining self-tolerance." J Exp Med 182, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 1635-1644. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Miller, C, and Kelsoe, G. "Ig VH hypermutation is absent in the germinal centers of aged mice." J Immunol 155, no. 7 (October 1, 1995): 3377-3384. Link to Item
  - Han, S, Hathcock, K, Zheng, B, Kepler, TB, Hodes, R, and Kelsoe, G. "Cellular interaction in germinal centers. Roles of CD40 ligand and B7-2 in established germinal centers." J Immunol 155, no. 2 (July 15, 1995): 556-567. Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "The germinal center reaction." Immunol Today 16, no. 7 (July 1995): 324-326. (Review) Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G, Zheng, B, and Kepler, TB. "Hypermutation in T cells questioned." Nature 375, no. 6529 (May 1995): 286-286. Full Text
  - Miller, C, Stedra, J, Kelsoe, G, and Cerny, J. "Facultative role of germinal centers and T cells in the somatic diversification of IgVH genes." J Exp Med 181, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 1319-1331. Link to Item
  - Kaushik, A, Kelsoe, G, and Jaton, JC. "The nude mutation results in impaired primary antibody repertoire." Eur J Immunol 25, no. 2 (February 1995): 631-634. Full Text Link to Item
  - Bachl, J, Wabl, M, Kelsoe, G, Zheng, B, and Kepler, TB. "Hypermutation in T cells questioned [5]." Nature 375, no. 6529 (1995): 285-286.
  - Kelsoe, G. "In situ studies of the germinal center reaction." Adv Immunol 60 (1995): 267-288. (Review) Link to Item
  - Saitoh, Y, Kelsoe, G, Bona, C, and Kaushik, A. "Skewed VH and V kappa gene family expression and pairing occurs among B lymphocytes in autoimmune motheaten mice." Autoimmunity 21, no. 3 (1995): 185-193. Link to Item
  - Zheng, B, Xue, W, and Kelsoe, G. "Locus-specific somatic hypermutation in germinal centre T cells." Nature 372, no. 6506 (December 8, 1994): 556-559. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "B cell diversification and differentiation in the periphery." J Exp Med 180, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 5-6. Link to Item
  - Miller, C, Kelsoe, G, and Han, S. "Lack of B7-2 expression in the germinal centers of aged mice." Aging: Immunology and Infectious Disease 5, no. 3-4 (1994): 249-257.
  - Jacob, J, Przylepa, J, Miller, C, and Kelsoe, G. "In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. III. The kinetics of V region mutation and selection in germinal center B cells." J Exp Med 178, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 1293-1307. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Yurovsky, VV, and Kelsoe, G. "Pairing of VH gene families with the lambda 1 light chain: evidence for a non-stochastic association." Eur J Immunol 23, no. 8 (August 1993): 1975-1979. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G, and Zheng, B. "Sites of B-cell activation in vivo." Curr Opin Immunol 5, no. 3 (June 1993): 418-422. (Review) Link to Item
  - Jacob, J, and Kelsoe, G. "In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. II. A common clonal origin for periarteriolar lymphoid sheath-associated foci and germinal centers." J Exp Med 176, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 679-687. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Goidl, EA, Cerny, J, Kelsoe, G, and Schulze, DH. "Aging and humoral immunity." Md Med J 41, no. 7 (July 1992): 609-613. Link to Item
  - Jacob, J, Miller, C, and Kelsoe, G. "In situ studies of the antigen-driven somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes." Immunol Cell Biol 70 ( Pt 2) (April 1992): 145-152. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Jacob, J, Kelsoe, G, Rajewsky, K, and Weiss, U. "Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres." Nature 354, no. 6352 (December 5, 1991): 389-392. Full Text Link to Item
  - Jacob, J, Kassir, R, and Kelsoe, G. "In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. I. The architecture and dynamics of responding cell populations." J Exp Med 173, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 1165-1175. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Kaushik, A, Reininger, L, Kelsoe, G, Jaton, JC, and Bona, C. "Contribution of the VH11 gene family to mitogen-responsive B cell repertoire in C57BL/6 mice." Eur J Immunol 21, no. 3 (March 1991): 827-830. Full Text Link to Item
  - Sarzotti, M, Kumar, V, Bennett, M, and Kelsoe, G. "Cloning of murine splenic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells on filter paper discs: detection of a novel NK/T phenotype." Eur J Immunol 21, no. 3 (March 1991): 635-641. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "The primary antibody repertoire: the somatic genotype and paratopic phenotype of B-cell populations." Immunol Ser 55 (1991): 81-92. (Review) Link to Item
  - Bona, CA, Saitoh, Y, and Kelsoe, G. "Pairing of VK and VK gene families in self-reactive antibodies." J Clin Immunol 10, no. 5 (September 1990): 223-236. (Review) Link to Item
  - Kaushik, A, Schulze, DH, Bonilla, FA, Bona, C, and Kelsoe, G. "Stochastic pairing of heavy-chain and kappa light-chain variable gene families occurs in polyclonally activated B cells." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87, no. 13 (July 1990): 4932-4936. Link to Item
  - Striebich, CC, Miceli, RM, Schulze, DH, Kelsoe, G, and Cerny, J. "Antigen-binding repertoire and Ig H chain gene usage among B cell hybridomas from normal and autoimmune mice." J Immunol 144, no. 5 (March 1, 1990): 1857-1865. Link to Item
  - Kaushik, A, Schulze, DH, Bona, C, and Kelsoe, G. "Murine V kappa gene expression does not follow the VH paradigm." J Exp Med 169, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 1859-1864. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G, Miceli, R, Cerny, J, and Schulze, DH. "Mapping of antibody specificities to VH gene families." Immunogenetics 29, no. 5 (1989): 288-296. Link to Item
  - Schulze, DH, and Kelsoe, G. "Genotypic analysis of B cell colonies by in situ hybridization. Stoichiometric expression of three VH families in adult C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice." J Exp Med 166, no. 1 (July 1, 1987): 163-172. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "Cloning of mitogen- and antigen-reactive B lymphocytes on filter paper disks: phenotypic and genotypic analysis of B cell colonies." Methods Enzymol 150 (1987): 287-304. Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G, and Stout, JT. "Cloning of mitogen- and antigen-reactive B lymphocytes on filter paper discs. II. Paratope frequencies within the mitogen-selected repertoire." Cell Immunol 98, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 506-516. Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "Regulation of the immune response. II. Concomitant idiotope-specific enhancement and suppression can result in a phenotypically normal response." Cell Immunol 98, no. 1 (March 1986): 145-155. Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "Cloning of mitogen- and antigen-reactive B lymphocytes on filter paper discs. I. A description of the technique and of methods for the analysis of colonies." J Immunol Methods 76, no. 2 (February 11, 1985): 345-363. Link to Item
  - Cerny, J, and Kelsoe, G. "Priority of the anti-idiotypic response after antigen administration: artefact or intriguing network mechanism?." Immunology Today 5, no. 3 (1984): 61-63.
  - Kelsoe, G. "Network interactions, 1983." Surv Immunol Res 3, no. 2-3 (1984): 169-171. Link to Item
  - Beyreuther, K, Bovens, J, Brüggemann, M, Dildrop, R, Kelsoe, G, Krawinkel, U, Müller, C, Nishikawa, S, Radbruch, A, and Reth, M. "Idiotypic determinants used in the analysis of antibody diversification and as regulatory targets." Ann N Y Acad Sci 418 (1983): 121-129. Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G. "Network interactions, 1982: audivi, legi, fugi." Surv Immunol Res 2, no. 3 (1983): 230-232. Link to Item
  - Sacks, DL, Kelsoe, GH, and Sachs, DH. "Induction of immune responses with anti-idiotypic antibodies: implications for the induction of protective immunity." Springer Semin Immunopathol 6, no. 1 (1983): 79-97. (Review) Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G, Reth, M, and Rajewsky, K. "Control of idiotope expression by monoclonal anti-idiotope and idiotope-bearing antibody." Eur J Immunol 11, no. 5 (May 1981): 418-423. Full Text Link to Item
  - Reth, M, Kelsoe, G, and Rajewsky, K. "Idiotypic regulation by isologous monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies." Nature 290, no. 5803 (March 19, 1981): 257-259. Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G, Isaak, D, and Cerny, J. "Thymic requirement for cyclical idiotypic and reciprocal anti-idiotypic immune responses to a T-independent antigen." J Exp Med 151, no. 2 (February 1, 1980): 289-300. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G, Reth, M, and Rajewsky, K. "Control idiotope expression by monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies." Immunol Rev 52 (1980): 75-88. (Review) Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G, and Cerny, J. "Reciprocal expansions of idiotypic and anti-idiotypic clones following antigen stimulation." Nature 279, no. 5711 (May 24, 1979): 333-334. Link to Item
  - Shadduck, JA, Kelsoe, G, and Helmke, RJ. "A microsporidan contaminant of a nonhuman primate cell culture: ultrastructural comparison with Nosema connori." J Parasitol 65, no. 1 (February 1979): 185-188. Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, GH, and Weller, TH. "Immunodiagnosis of infection with Schistosoma mansoni: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to circulating antigen." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75, no. 11 (November 1978): 5715-5717. Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, G, and Cerny, J. "Regulation of the immune response. I. Regulatory cell equilibrium in the "virgin" state." Eur J Immunol 8, no. 3 (March 1978): 176-180. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kelsoe, GH, Ubelaker, JE, and Allison, VF. "The fine structure of spermatogenesis in Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) with a description of the mature spermatozoon." Z Parasitenkd 54, no. 2 (December 27, 1977): 175-187. Link to Item
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