Skip to main content

Garnett H. Kelsoe

James B. Duke Distinguished Professor of Immunology
Integrative Immunobiology
Room 2243 Duke@RTP, 27 Alexandria Way, Durham, NC 27703
Room 2243 Duke@RTP, 27 Alexandria Way, Durham, NC 27703

Selected Publications


Protective human antibodies against a conserved epitope in pre- and postfusion influenza hemagglutinin.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · January 2, 2024 Phylogenetically and antigenically distinct influenza A and B viruses (IAV and IBV) circulate in human populations, causing widespread morbidity. Antibodies (Abs) that bind epitopes conserved in both IAV and IBV hemagglutinins (HAs) could protect against d ... Full text Link to item Cite

A new class of antibodies that overcomes a steric barrier to cross-group neutralization of influenza viruses.

Journal Article PLoS Biol · December 2023 Antibody titers that inhibit the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) from engaging its receptor are the accepted correlate of protection from infection. Many potent antibodies with broad, intra-subtype specificity bind HA at the receptor binding site (RBS). ... Full text Link to item Cite

Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Journal Article Nat Rev Immunol · March 2023 After nearly four decades of research, a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive. There are many reasons why the development of a potent and durable HIV-1 vaccine is challenging, including the extraordinary genetic diversity of HIV-1 and its compl ... Full text Link to item Cite

A non-neutralizing glycoprotein B monoclonal antibody protects against herpes simplex virus disease in mice.

Journal Article J Clin Invest · February 1, 2023 There is an unmet need for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for prevention or as adjunctive treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease. Most vaccine and mAb efforts focus on neutralizing antibodies, but for HSV this strategy has proven ineffective. Precli ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Infant Antibody Repertoires during the First Two Years of Influenza Vaccination.

Journal Article mBio · December 20, 2022 The first encounter with influenza virus biases later immune responses. This "immune imprinting," formerly from infection within a few years of birth, is in the United States now largely from immunization with a quadrivalent, split vaccine (IIV4 [quadrival ... Full text Link to item Cite

Recall of B cell memory depends on relative locations of prime and boost immunization.

Journal Article Science immunology · May 2022 Immunization or microbial infection can establish long-term B cell memory not only systemically but also locally. Evidence has suggested that local B cell memory contributes to early local plasmacytic responses after secondary challenge. However, it is unc ... Full text Cite

Primary germinal center-resident T follicular helper cells are a physiologically distinct subset of CXCR5hiPD-1hi T follicular helper cells.

Journal Article Immunity · February 8, 2022 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are defined by a Bcl6+CXCR5hiPD-1hi phenotype, but only a minor fraction of these reside in germinal centers (GCs). Here, we examined whether GC-resident and -nonresident Tfh cells share a common physiology and function. Flu ... Full text Link to item Cite

A cell-based multiplex immunoassay platform using fluorescent protein-barcoded reporter cell lines.

Journal Article Commun Biol · November 25, 2021 Multiplex immunoassays with acellular antigens are well-established based on solid-phase platforms such as the Luminex® technology. Cell barcoding by amine-reactive fluorescent dyes enables analogous cell-based multiplex assays, but requires multiple label ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Continuous Culture of Mouse Primary B Lymphocytes by Forced Expression of Bach2.

Journal Article J Immunol · September 1, 2021 Stable, long-term culture of primary B lymphocytes has many potential scientific and medical applications, but remains an elusive feat. A major obstacle to long-term culture is that in vitro mitogens quickly drive B cells to differentiate into short-lived ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Prevalent Focused Human Antibody Response to the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Head Interface.

Journal Article mBio · June 29, 2021 Novel animal influenza viruses emerge, initiate pandemics, and become endemic seasonal variants that have evolved to escape from prevalent herd immunity. These processes often outpace vaccine-elicited protection. Focusing immune responses on conserved epit ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Fab-dimerized glycan-reactive antibodies are a structural category of natural antibodies.

Journal Article Cell · May 27, 2021 Natural antibodies (Abs) can target host glycans on the surface of pathogens. We studied the evolution of glycan-reactive B cells of rhesus macaques and humans using glycosylated HIV-1 envelope (Env) as a model antigen. 2G12 is a broadly neutralizing Ab (b ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Recapitulation of HIV-1 Env-antibody coevolution in macaques leading to neutralization breadth.

Journal Article Science · January 8, 2021 Neutralizing antibodies elicited by HIV-1 coevolve with viral envelope proteins (Env) in distinctive patterns, in some cases acquiring substantial breadth. We report that primary HIV-1 envelope proteins-when expressed by simian-human immunodeficiency virus ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Allo-Specific Humoral Responses: New Methods for Screening Donor-Specific Antibody and Characterization of HLA-Specific Memory B Cells.

Journal Article Front Immunol · 2021 Antibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR) causes more kidney transplant failure than any other single cause. AMR is mediated by antibodies recognizing antigens expressed by the graft, and antibodies generated against major histocompatibility complex (MHC ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Sensitization in transplantation: Assessment of risk (STAR) 2019 Working Group Meeting Report.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · October 2020 The purpose of the STAR 2019 Working Group was to build on findings from the initial STAR report to further clarify the expectations, limitations, perceptions, and utility of alloimmune assays that are currently in use or in development for risk assessment ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Ideal Vaccines: Balancing B Cell Recruitment and Differentiation.

Journal Article Immunity · September 15, 2020 In this issue of Immunity, Kato et al. show that high-affinity vaccines targeting rare B cells capable of broadly protective antibody responses are not hindered by promotion of terminal plasmacytic differentiation. These findings provide new understanding ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tracing Self-Reactive B Cells in Normal Mice.

Journal Article J Immunol · July 1, 2020 BCR transgenic mice dominate studies of B cell tolerance; consequently, tolerance in normal mice expressing diverse sets of autoreactive B cells is poorly characterized. We have used single B cell cultures to trace self-reactivity in BCR repertoires across ... Full text Link to item Cite