Michael Hardt | Scholars@Duke

Michael Hardt
Professor of Literature

Michael Hardt's writings explore the new forms of domination in the contemporary world as well as the social movements and other forces of liberation that resist them. In the Empire trilogy -- Empire (2000), Multitude (2004), and Commonwealth(2009) -- he and Antonio Negri investigate the political, legal, economic, and social aspects of globalization. They also study the political and economic alternatives that could lead to a more democratic world. Their pamphlet Declaration (2012) attempts to articulate the significance of the encampments and occupations that began in 2011, from Tahrir Square to Zuccotti Park, and to recognize the primary challenges faced by emerging democratic social movements today.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Literature, Literature, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2005
Professor of Romance Studies, Romance Studies, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2007
Professor in Gender, Sexuality & Feminist Studies, Gender, Sexuality & Feminist Studies, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2018
Bass Fellow, Literature, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2007

Contact Information

106 Friedl Building, Buchanan and Trinity, Durham, NC 27708-0670
Box 90670, Durham, NC 27708-0670
hardt@duke.edu (919) 684-3408

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Washington 1990
- M.A., University of Washington 1986
- B.S., Swarthmore College 1983
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Director of the Marxism & Society Certificate Program, Literature, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2015 - 2018
- Interim Director of the the Program in Literature, Literature, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2017 - 2018
- Director in the Program in Literature, Literature, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2010 - 2014
- Associate Professor of Romance Studies, Romance Studies, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2003 - 2007
- Jack H. Neely Professor of Literature, Literature, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2005 - 2007
- Associate Professor of Literature, Literature, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2000 - 2005
- Jack H. Neely Associate Professor of Literature, Literature, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2002 - 2005
- Assistant Professor of Romance Studies, Romance Studies, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1998 - 2003
- Andrew W. Mellon Assistant Professor, Literature, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1999 - 2000
- Assistant Professor in the Program in Literature, Literature, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1994 - 2000
- Visiting Associate Professor, Literature, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1993 - 1994
Recognition
In the News
- OCT 18, 2019
  
  A Focus on the Benefits and Human Costs of Immigration
- OCT 18, 2019
  
  Putting a Focus on the Benefits and Human Costs of Immigration
- MAR 21, 2019
  
  Duke Professor's Boat Seized After rescuing 49 Migrants on the Mediterranean
- OCT 16, 2018
  
  Setting Sail to Turn Outrage into Activism
- OCT 3, 2018 Franklin Humanities Institute
  
  FHI Social Movements Lab Connects Duke Scholars with the Rich Thinking of Global Activists
- SEP 21, 2018 Franklin Humanities Institute
  
  New FHI Humanities Lab to Explore How Social Movements Are Shaping Our World
- JUL 28, 2015 Salon
  
  Michael Hardt discusses how new forms of social movements can make a difference
- APR 27, 2015
  
  Trinity Honors Excellence in Teaching, Advising and Service
- MAY 30, 2014 Yahoo! News
  
  Michael Hardt comments: One year on, Turkey prepares to remember Taksim protests
- JUL 19, 2013
  
  The Making of a Duke Press Journal
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Books
  - Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. Assembly. Oxford University Press, 2017.
  - Hardt, M. The Procedures of Love. Vol. 13. Kassel, Germnany: Documenta, 2012.
  - Hardt, M. The Procedures of Love. Vol. 13. Kassel, Germnany: Documenta, 2012.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. Declaration. Argo Navis (self-published), 2012.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. Commonwealth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.
  - Hardt, M., and A. Negri. Commonwealth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.
  - Hardt, Michael, ed. Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence. London: Verso, 2007.
  - Jefferson, Thomas. The Declaration of Independence. Verso Books, 2007.
  - Jefferson, Thomas. The Declaration of Independence. Verso Books, 2007.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. Multitude. New York, NY: Penguin Press, 2004.
  - Jameson, Fredric. The Jameson Reader. Edited by Fredric Hardt, M and K. Weeks. Blackwell Publishing, 2000.
  - Hardt, M. The Jameson Reader. Edited by M. weeks, kathi. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000.
  - Hardt, Michael, and Kathi Weeks, eds. The Jameson Reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.
  - Hardt, M., and P. Virno, eds. Radical Thought in Italy. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. Labor of Dionysus: A Critique of the State-Form. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1994.
  - Agamben, Giorgio. The Coming Community. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993.
  - Hardt, M. Gilles Deleuze: An Apprenticeship in Philosophy. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1993.
  - Agamben, Giorgio. Language and Death: The Place of Negativity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991.
- Academic Articles
  - Means, A. J., A. N. Sojot, Y. Ida, and M. Hardt. “A dialogue with Michael Hardt on revolution, joy, and learning to let go.” Educational Philosophy and Theory 54, no. 7 (January 1, 2022): 892–905. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1803977.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., and S. Mezzadra. “Introduction: Migrant projects of freedom.” South Atlantic Quarterly 119, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 168–75. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-8007853.
    Full Text
  - Metz, A., M. Hardt, and S. Mezzadra. “From social worker to social ship owner: Interview with Alessandro Metz.” South Atlantic Quarterly 119, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 176–81. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-8007865.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., and T. Negri. “The multiplicities within capitalist rule and the articulation of struggles.” Triplec 16, no. 2 (May 4, 2018): 440–48. https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1025.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., and T. Negri. “The powers of the exploited and the social ontology of praxis.” Triplec 16, no. 2 (May 4, 2018): 415–23. https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1024.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Red love.” South Atlantic Quarterly 116, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 781–96. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-4235005.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., and S. Mezzadra. “October! to commemorate the future.” South Atlantic Quarterly 116, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 649–68. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-4234939.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Multiple temporalities of the movements.” Triplec 15, no. 2 (January 1, 2017): 390–92. https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v15i2.888.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, Michael. “MANAGING UP.” Artforum International 56, no. 2 (2017): 229–31.
    Link to Item
  - Hardt, M. “The Power to be Affected.” International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 28, no. 3 (September 17, 2015): 215–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10767-014-9191-x.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Insolubility of marriage, sacramental communion and remarriage as reflected in the ecumenical dialogues.” Catholica 68, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 750.
  - Hardt, M. “How to Write with Four Hands.” Genre 46, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 175–82. https://doi.org/10.1215/00166928-2088007.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., and S. Makdisi. “Romantisme et multitudes Politique du langage.” Multitudes 55, no. 4 (January 1, 2013): 62–70. https://doi.org/10.3917/mult.055.0062.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., and Mario Espinoza. “El reconocimento de nuestra condición común.” Youkali 15 (2013): 155–58.
  - Hardt, M. “Note from the editor.” South Atlantic Quarterly 111, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 194. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-1472657.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Note from the editor.” South Atlantic Quarterly 111, no. 4 (September 1, 2012): 826. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-1724201.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Note from the editor.” South Atlantic Quarterly 111, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 564. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-1596281.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Falsify the Currency!.” South Atlantic Quarterly 111, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 359–79. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-1548257.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “A note from the editor.” South Atlantic Quarterly 111, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 382. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-1548275.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., and A. Reyes. “"New Ways of Doing": The Construction of Another World in Latin America: An Interview with Raúl Zibechi.” South Atlantic Quarterly 111, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 165–91. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-1472648.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Response: Reveal the apparatus.” Focaal, no. 64 (January 1, 2012): 61–65. https://doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2012.640106.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., Lauren Berlant, Heather Davis, and Paige Sarlin. “On the Risk of a New Relationality.” Reviews in Cultural Theory 2, no. 3 (2012): 6–27.
  - Hardt, M., and Jens Hoffman. “Practices of Love.” Mousse 34 (2012): 158–61.
  - Hardt, M. “Note from the editor.” South Atlantic Quarterly 110, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 1. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-110-1-1.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, Michael. “For Love or Money.” Cultural Anthropology 26, no. 4 (November 2011): 676–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2011.01119.x.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Note from the editor.” South Atlantic Quarterly 110, no. 4 (September 1, 2011): 964. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-1382348.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “La costituzione del comune e le ragioni della sinistra.” Micromega, August 2011, 16–27.
  - Hardt, M. “Note from the editor.” South Atlantic Quarterly 110, no. 3 (June 1, 2011): 746. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-1275761.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “The Militancy of Theory.” South Atlantic Quarterly 110, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-2010-020.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., Karim Wissa, and Chris Catanese. “Interview.” The White Review, no. 2 (2011).
  - Hardt, M., Lauren Berlant, Heather Davis, and Paige Sarlin. “No One is Sovereign in Love.” No More Potlucks, no. 18 (2011).
    Link to Item
  - Hardt, Michael, and Wahneema Lubiano. “Obama and the Left at Midterm.” South Atlantic Quarterly 110, no. 1 (2011): 233–34. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-2010-031.
    Full Text Link to Item
  - Hardt, M. “The common in communism.” Rethinking Marxism 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 346–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/08935696.2010.490365.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., and A. Negri. “Editors' introduction.” Rethinking Marxism 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 296–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/08935696.2010.490332.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Two Faces of Apocalypse: A Letter from Copenhagen,” 2010.
    Open Access Copy
  - Hardt, M. “Tronti’s Topography of Revolt.” Genre 43, no. 3/4 (2010): 337–38.
  - Hardt, M., A. Negri, and D. Harvey. “Commonwealth: An exchange.” Artforum International 48, no. 3 (December 1, 2009).
  - Hardt, Michael. “Pasolini Discovers Love Outside.” Diacritics: A Review of Contemporary Criticism 39, no. 4 (2009): 113–29.
    Link to Item
  - Hardt, M. “Production and Distribution of the Common.” Open: Cahier on Art and the Public Domain 16 (2009): 20–31.
  - Hardt, M. “Review of Giovanni Arrighi, Adam Smith in Beijing and Naomi Klein, The Shock Doctrine.” Art Forum, December 2008, 83–83.
  - Hardt, M., and Sabu Kohso. “Toward a Revolutionary Theory of the Common.” Vol 3, no. 1 (2008): 2–15.
  - Hardt, M. “Ne Darbo Islaisvinimas, O Issilaisvinimas Nuo Darbo!.” Juodraštis 1, no. 1 (2008): 28–32.
  - Hardt, M., and M. El Kilombo. “Organizing Encounters and Generating Events.” In the Middle of a Whirlwind: Web Publication for the 2008 Rnc Protests, 2008.
  - Hardt, Michael. “The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism.” Artforum International 47, no. 4 (2008): 83–83.
    Link to Item
  - Hardt, M., and Gary Kinsman. “From the Perspective of Resistance.” Upping the Anti, no. 5 (October 2007): 73–85.
  - Hardt, Michael. “Jefferson and Democracy.” American Quarterly 59, no. 1 (March 2007): 41–78.
  - Hardt, M., and Leonard Schwartz. “Talking into Being.” Rain Taxi 12, no. 3 (2007): 50–52.
  - Hight, Christopher, and Michael Hardt. “Designing Commonspaces: Riffing with Michael Hardt on the Multitude and Collective Intelligence.” Architectural Design 76, no. 5 (September 2006): 70–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.325.
    Full Text
  - Morgan, Jamie. “Interview with Michael Hardt.” Theory, Culture &Amp; Society 23, no. 5 (September 2006): 93–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276406067100.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “From Imperialism to Empire.” The Nation 283, no. 4 (July 31, 2006): 26–26.
  - Hardt, M. “Second Empire; Or, The Eighteenth Brumaire of George W. Bush.” Radical History Review 2006, no. 95 (2006): 89–92. https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2006-95-89.
    Full Text
  - Tsuda, Kenta, and Michael Hardt. “Welcoming the Multitude.” The Brown Journal of World Affairs 13, no. 1 (2006): 11–18.
  - Hardt, M. “Immaterial labor and artistic production.” Rethinking Marxism 17, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 175–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/08935690500046637.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “La rivoluzione permanente negli affari militari.” Posse 10 (2005).
  - Hardt, M. “Flesh exposure of Pasolini.” Multitudes 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 159–67. https://doi.org/10.3917/mult.018.0159.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., and T. Negri. “Multitude: War and democracy in the Empire era - Good selections.” Multitudes 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 107–17. https://doi.org/10.3917/mult.018.0107.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., C. Smith, and E. Minardi. “The collaborator and the multitude: An interview with Michael Hardt.” Minnesota Review, no. 61–62 (March 1, 2004): 63–77.
  - Hardt, M. “Collective Tyranny.” Arab Journal for the Humanities 22, no. 88 (2004): 279–85.
  - Hardt, M., Caleb Smith, and Enrico Minardi. “The Collaborator and the Multitude.” Minnesota Review, no. 61–62 (2004): 63–77.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “Why We Need a Multilateral Magna Carta.” Global Agenda: The Magazine of the World Economic Forum’S Annual Meeting 2 (2004): 76–77.
  - Hardt, M. “Toward a foreigner's science? September 2003 - Interview with Brian Holmes and Jon Solomon.” Multitudes 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 73–79. https://doi.org/10.3917/mult.014.0073.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., Alberto Moreiras, and Arturo Leyte. “Travallar por unha domocracia mundial e a unica resposta.” Grial: Revista Galega De Cultura, no. 158 (April 2003): 50–59.
  - Hardt, M. “The 18th Brumaire of George W. Bush.” Global Magazine 1 (March 2003).
  - Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. “The Rod of the Forest Warden: A Response to Timothy Brennan.” Critical Inquiry 29, no. 2 (January 2003): 368–73. https://doi.org/10.1086/374031.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., Sebastian Budgen, and Alejandro Colas. “Interview.” Historical Materialism 11, no. 3 (2003): 121–52.
  - Hardt, M., and Ivan Maffezzini. “Après Empire.” Conjunctures, no. 36/37 (2003): 15–30.
  - Hardt, M., Nic Veroli, and Charles Mudede. “Challenging Empire.” Radical Society 29, no. 4 (December 2002): 59–73.
  - Hardt, M. “Il tramonto del mondo contadino nell’Impero.” Posse, May 2002, 189–211.
  - Hardt, Michael. “From Porto Alegre: Today’s Bandung?”.” New Left Review 14 (March 2002): 112–18.
  - Barchiesi, F., F. B. Dit Bifo, G. Bettin, G. Caccia, L. Casarini, G. Cocco, M. Hardt, et al. “Porto Alegre: The work of multitudes.” Multitudes 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 5–14. https://doi.org/10.3917/mult.008.0005.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., Antonio Negri, Nicholas Brown, and Imre Szeman. “Subterranean Passages of Thought: Empire’s Inserts.” Cultural Studies 16, no. 2 (2002): 193–212.
  - Hardt, M., and A. Negri. “Adventures of the multitude: Response of the authors.” Rethinking Marxism 13, no. 3–4 (January 1, 2001): 236–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/089356901101241929.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., and A. Negri. “Biopolitical production.” Multitudes 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2000): 16–28. https://doi.org/10.3917/mult.001.0016.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Guaranteed Income, or, The Separation of Labor from Income.” Hybrid: Journal of Law and Social Change 5 (2000): 21–32.
  - Hardt, M., and Tom Dumm. “Sovereignty, Multitudes, Absolute Democracy.” Theory and Event 4, no. 3 (2000).
  - Hardt, M. “Affective Labor.” Boundary2 26, no. 2 (January 1999): 89–100.
  - Hardt, M. “Introduction,” 1999, xix–2.
  - Hardt, M. “Affective labor (Political economy).” Boundary 2 an International Journal of Literature and Culture 26, no. 2 (1999): 89–100.
    Link to Item
  - Hardt, M. “The Global Society of Control.” Discourse 20, no. 3 (1998): 139–52.
  - Hardt, M. “Exposure: Pasolini in the Flesh.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature 24, no. 3 (September 1997): 579–87.
    Link to Item
  - Hardt, Michael. “Prison Time.” Yale French Studies 91 (1997): 64–79.
  - Hardt, M., and A. Negri. “Postmodern Law and the withering of civil society.” Angelaki Journal of the Theoretical Humanities 1, no. 3 (December 1, 1996): 57–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/09697259608571897.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “Le lotte non nascono dalla teoria.” Deriveapprodi 9/10 (February 1996): 42–43.
  - Hardt, M. “The Withering of Civil Society.” Social Text 45 (1995).
  - Hardt, M. “L’hibridité de l’Empire.” Futur Antérieur 27 (1995).
  - Hardt, M. “La constitución de la ontología: Negri entre los filósofos.” Anthropos 144 (1993): 40–44.
  - Hardt, M. “Los Angeles Novos.” Futur Antérieur 12/13 (1992): 12–26.
  - Hardt, M. “La violence de la fraternité: hommage à Malcolm X.” Futur Antérieur 7 (1991): 20–22.
  - Hardt, M. “L’art de l’organisation: agencements ontologiques et agencements politiques chez Spinoza.” Futur Antérieur 7 (1991): 118–43.
  - Hardt, M. “Review.” Rethinking Marxism 3, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 173–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/08935699008657920.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “What Is To Be Done, After Foucault.” Papers in Romance 6, no. 1 (1989): 34–50.
  - Hardt, M., Robyn Wiegman, and Wahneema Lubiano. “In the Aftermath of the Duke Case.” Social Text 25, no. 4 (n.d.): 1–16.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “Adventures of the Multitude: Response of the Authors.” Rethinking Marxism 13, no. 3/4 (n.d.): 236–43.
- Book Sections
  - Foucault, M., M. Hardt, and A. Negri. “The Disciplinary Empire and the Resisting Multitude.” In Capitalism and Its Uncertain Future, 217–25, 2021. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003198291-34.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Immaterial labor and artistic production.” In Rethinking Marxism, 175–77, 2020.
  - Hardt, M. “The Procedures of Love.” In More Love, edited by C. Schneider, 161–65. Ackland Art Museum, 2013.
  - Lanteri, A., and J. Vromen. “Introduction,” 1–8, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139059145.001.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Question of Space and Experimentation with Democracy Go Together (interview with Pulska group),” 2012.
  - Hardt, M, M. “"Alte Verträge" und die gesellschaftliche Macht des Rheingoldes.” In Götterdämmerung, Bayerische Staatsoper at Nationalstheater München, 52–62, 2012.
  - Hardt, M. “"Alte Verträge" und die gesellschaftliche Macht des Rheingoldes.” In Götterdämmerung, Bayerische Staatsoper at Nationalstheater München, 52–62, 2012.
  - Hardt, M. “The Procedures of Love.” In Published as Separate Booklet in English and German by Documenta (13), Kassel, Germany, 2012.
  - Hardt, M. “Preface.” In 19 & 20: Notes for a New Social Protagonism by Colectivo Situaciones, 15–18, 2012.
  - Hardt, M., Craigie Horsfield, Erin Manning, Brian Massumi, and Andrew Murphie. “A Conversation.” In Biennale of Sydney Catalogue, 53–63, 2012.
  - “The Procedures of Love.” In The Book of Books, 430–31, 2012.
  - Hardt, M. “Art, Politics, and Love.” In Common Love, 95–101. Wallach Art Gallery, Columbia University, New York, 2011.
  - Hardt, M. “Production and Distribution of the Common.” In Being an Artist in Post-Fordist Times, edited by P. Gielen and P. de Bruyne, 45–54. Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 2009.
  - Hardt, M. “Revolution.” In Examined Life: Excursions with Contemporary Thinkers, edited by A. Taylor, 133–54, 2009.
  - Hardt, M. “Creation Beyond Measure.” In The Labor of Job by Antonio Negri, vii–xv. Duke University Press, 2009.
  - Hardt, M. “Three Keys to Understanding Constituent Power.” In Insurgencies by Antonio Negri, vii–xiii. University of Minnesota Press, 2009.
  - Hardt, M. “Revolution (interview with Astra Taylor).” In Astra Taylor, Ed., Examined Life: Excursions with Contemporary Thinkers, 133–54. New York: The New Press, 2009.
  - Hardt, M. “Il carattere non nazionale-popolare della letteratura italiana.” In Vincenzo Binetti, Città Nomadi. Ombre corte, 2008.
  - Hardt, M. “Language at Work.” In Capital and Language, edited by Christian Marazzi, 7–11. Semiotext(e), 2008.
  - Hardt, M. “Thomas Jefferson, or, The Transition of Democracy.” In Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence, edited by Michael Hardt, vii–xxv. London: Verso, 2007.
  - Hardt, M. “What Affects Are Good For.” In The Affective Turn: Theorizing the Social, edited by Patricia Clough and Jean Halley, viii–xiii. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007.
  - Hardt, M. “Und jetzt, Herr Hardt?” In Und Jetzt? Politik, Protest Und Propaganda, edited by H. Geiselberger, 347–60. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, 2007.
  - Hardt, M. “Forward.” In Gilles Deleuze, Nietzsche and Philosophy, ix–xiii, 2006.
  - Hardt, M. “Bathing in the Multitude.” In Crowds, edited by Jeffrey Schnapp and Matthew Tiews, 35–40. Stanford University Press, 2006.
  - Hardt, M. “Bathing in the Multitude.” In Crowds, edited by Jeffrey Schnapp and Matthew Tiews, 35–40. Stanford University Press, 2006.
  - Hardt, M. “Exposure: Pasolini in the flesh.” In A Shock to Thought: Expression after Deleuze and Guattari, 77–84, 2005. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203994368-11.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M. “Into the Factory: Negri's Lenin and the Subjective Caesura (1968-1973).” In The Philosophy of Antonio Negri, edited by Timothy Murphy and Abdul-Karim Mustapha, 7–37. London: Pluto Press, 2005.
  - Hardt, M. “Into the Factory: Negri’s Lenin and the Subjective Caesura (1968-1973).” In The Philosophy of Antonio Negri, Ed. by Timothy Murphy and Abdul-Karim Mustapha, 7–37. London: Pluto Press, 2005.
  - Hardt, M., and Stuart Hall. “Changing States: In the Shadows of Empire.” In Changing States: Contemporary Arts and Ideas in the Era of Globalisation, edited by Gilane Tawadros, 132–37. Institute of International Visual Arts, 2004.
  - Hardt, M., and Stuart Hall. “Changing States: In the Shadows of Empire.” In Changing States: Contemporary Arts and Ideas in the Era of Globalisation, 132–37. Institute of International Visual Arts, 2004.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “Foreword.” In Another World Is Possible: Popular Alternatives to Globalization at the World Social Forum, edited by William Fisher and Thomas Ponniah, xvi–xix. Zed Books, 2003.
  - Hardt, M., M. Böhnel, and V. Lehmann. “Versallen am Hofe Bushs.” In American Empire – No Thank You: Andere Stimmen Aus Amerika, 75–90. Berlin: Kai Homilius Verlag, 2003.
  - Hardt, M. “Gemeinschaftseigentum.” In Singularitäten – Allianzen, 61–84. Zurich: Institut für Theorie der Gestaltung und Kunst, 2002.
  - Hardt, M. “Un’Europa aperta al mondo.” In Europa Politica: Ragioni Di Una Necessità, edited by Hedrun Friese, Antonio Negri, and Peter Wagner, 159–66. Rome: Manifestolibri, 2002.
  - Hardt, M. “Il brulichio,” 151–55. Rome: Manifestolibri, 2002.
  - Hardt, M. “Gemeinschaftseigentum.” In Singularitäten – Allianzen, 61–84. Zurich: Institut für Theorie der Gestaltung und Kunst, 2002.
  - Hardt, M. “Un’Europa aperta al mondo.” In Europa Politica: Ragioni Di Una Necessità, edited by Hedrun Friese, Antonio Negri, and Peter Wagner, 159–66. Rome: Manifestolibri, 2002.
  - Hardt, M. “Il brulichio.” In Diario Palestinese, edited by M. POSSE, 151–55. Rome: Manifestolibri, 2002.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “Globalization and Democracy.” In Democracy Unrealized: Documenta 11, edited by Okwui Enwezor, 323–36. Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2002.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “Globalization and Democracy.” In Democracy Unrealized: Documenta 11, edited by Okwui Enwezor et al, 323–36. Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2002.
  - Hardt, M. “Impero.” In Lessico Postfordista, edited by Adelino Zanini and Ubaldo Fadini, 167–71. Milan: Feltrinelli, 2001.
  - Hardt, M. “Internazionalismo e comunicazione.” In Il Manifesto Del Partito Comunista 150 Anni Dopo, edited by Rossana Rossandra, 287–93. Rome: Manifestolibri, 2000.
  - Hardt, M. “Internazionalismo e comunicazione.” In Il Manifesto Del Partito Comunista 150 Anni Dopo, 287–93. Rome: Manifestolibri, 2000.
  - Hardt, M. “Keywords.” In New Media Logbook (Kunst.NRW.NL Festival Document), 62–63. Rotterdam: Kunst.nrw.nl, 1999.
  - Hardt, M. “Laboratory Italy.” In Radical Thought in Italy, edited by Michael Hardt and Paolo Virno, 1–10. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
  - Hardt, M. “Spinozian Democracy.” In Marxism in the Postmodern Age, edited by C. Biewener, A. Callari, and S. Cullenberg, 24–32. Guilford Press, 1995.
  - Hardt, M. “Spinozian Democracy.” In Marxism in the Postmodern Age, edited by C. Biewener, A. Callari, and S. Cullenberg, 24–32. Guilford Press, 1995.
  - Hardt, M. “Toni Negri’s Practical Philosophy.” In Body Politics: Disease, Desire, and the Family, edited by Avery Gordon and Michael Ryan, 225–28. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994.
  - Hardt, M. “The Anatomy of Power.” In The Savage Anomaly, xi–xvi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990.
- Other Articles
  - Hardt, M. “Toni Negri’s practical philosophy,” January 1, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429037672-17.
    Full Text
  - Hardt, M., Anne Curcio, and Gigi Roggiero. “Un’alternativa in cerca di autori.” Il Manifesto, September 10, 2013.
  - Hardt, M., and Uira Machado. “Protestos recusam representação política por uma "democracia real", diz professor dos EUA.” Fohla De São Paulo, July 4, 2013.
  - Hardt, M. “Preoccupying: Michael Hardt.” The Occupied Times of London, May 2013.
  - Kornblatt, I. “Interview.” Swarthmore Review, May 2013.
  - Ariadad, S. “Interview.” Brand, 2013.
  - Hardt, M. “Wall Street, War Street, Debt Machine.” Tidal: Occupy Theory, 2013.
  - Hardt, M., and Leonard Schwartz. “The Production of Subjectivity: Conversations with Michael Hardt.” The Conversant, 2013.
  - Hardt, M., and M. Praktyka Teoretyczna Collective. “Communism is the Ruthless Critique of All that Exists.” Uninnomade, December 3, 2012.
  - Hardt, M. “La seconda volta di Obama.” Alfabeta, December 2012.
  - Hardt, M., Taavi Sundell, and Tero Toivanen. “Even When You Don’t See It, It’s Still There.” Commons.Fi, December 2012.
  - Hardt, M., and Leonard Schwartz. “Love as Such.” The Conversant, December 2012.
  - Hardt, M. “Between Schmitt and Foucault: An Interview with Michael Hardt.” Spectra, November 2012.
  - Hardt, M., Toni Negri, and Fabián Darío Mosquera. “Hay que abordar la manera en que los movimientos se piensan a sí mismos.” El Telégrafo, November 2012.
  - Hardt, M., and M. Pulska Group. “Question of Space and Experimentation with Democracy Go Together.” Venice Architecture Biennale, August 15, 2012.
  - Hardt, M., and Glenn Brigaldino. “Democracy on the Defensive.” Newtopia Magazine, March 2012.
  - Berlant, L., H. Davis, and P. Sardin. “On the Risk of a New Relationality.” Reviews in Cultural Theory, 2012.
  - Hjemdal, T. I., and A. Durmann Melson. “A Conversation with Michael Hardt,” 2012.
  - Hoffman, J. “Practices of Love.” Mousse, 2012.
  - Horsfield, C., E. Manning, B. Massumi, and A. Murphie. “A Conversation.” Biennale of Sydney Catalogue, 2012.
  - Christensen, Pil, Peter Nielsen, and Lars Poulsen. “Magt og Modstand (Power and Resistance).” Kritisk Teori, 2012.
  - Hardt, M. “Herrschaft ohne Herrscher.” The European, 2012.
  - Hardt, M. “A Conversation with Michael Hardt (interview with Tor Inge Hjemdal & Anders Durmann Melsom),” 2012.
  - Hardt, M., Craigie Horsfield, Erin Manning, Brian Massumi, and Andrew Murphie. “A Conversation,” 2012.
  - Holloway, J. “Creating commonwealth and cracking capitalism: a cross-reading (part 1).” Translated by M. Hardt. Shift Magazine, January 2012.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “What To Expect in 2012.” Adbusters, December 2011.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “The Fight for 'Real Democracy'.” Foreign Affairs Magazine Blog, October 11, 2011.
  - Hardt, M. “Real Democracy: An Interview with Michael Hardt.” Shift Magazine, October 2011.
  - Hardt, M. “Recent Uprisings in the United States and Europe Follow the Lead of Al-Tahir Square.” Etemaad Newspaper, July 3, 2011.
  - Hardt, M., and Iman Ganji. “Fra Seattle til Kairo.” Morgenbladet, May 28, 2011.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “Arabs are Democracy's New Pioneers.” The Guardian, February 25, 2011.
  - Hardt, M. “Art, Politics, and Love.” Common Love, 2011.
  - Hardt, M. “Da occupywallstreet a occupyeverywhere.” Global Project Website, 2011.
  - Hardt, M. “No One is Sovereign in Love.” No More Potlucks, 2011.
  - “Art, Politics, and Love.” Wallach Art Gallery, Columbia University, New York, 2011.
  - Hardt, M. “L'erreur d'orientation des campus américains.” Libération, December 2, 2010.
  - Hardt, M. “Kommunismus neu denken.” Prager Frühling: Magazin Für Freiheit Und Sozialismus, October 2010.
  - Hardt, M., and Ilias Marmaras. “ΣΕ άΓάΠω ΓιάΤι μΕΣω ΤήΣ ΣχΕΣήΣ μου μΕ ΣΕΝά μΠοΡω Νά ΔΡάΣω ιΣχυΡοΤΕΡα.” Container, July 2010.
  - Hardt, M. “Jenseits von Markt und Staat.” Telepolis, May 20, 2010.
  - Hardt, M., and Steffen Vogel. “Es gab immer Alternativen.” Der Freitag, April 8, 2010.
  - Hardt, M., and Matteo Dean. “Ni público ni privado, sino común.” Desinformémonos, March 2010.
  - Hardt, M., and Paolo Gerbaudo. “Sul clima un nuovo movimento.” Il Manifesto, December 7, 2009.
  - Hardt, M., and Giuliano Santoro. “Orizzonte comune.” Carta, July 2009.
  - Hardt, M., and Srecko Horvat. “Neoliberalizam je mrtav, ali jos se ne vidi alternativa.” Obzor, April 4, 2009.
  - White, M. “An Interview with Michael Hardt,” January 2009.
  - “Creation Beyond Measure.” Duke University Press, 2009.
  - “Three Keys to Understanding Constituent Power.” University of Minnesota Press, 2009.
  - “Revolution (interview with Astra Taylor).” New York: The New Press, 2009.
  - Hardt, M., and Pablo Maurette. “¿El imperio se acerca a su fin?” N: Revista De Cultura, November 1, 2008.
  - Hardt, M., and Anna Curcio. “Rappresentanza vs differenza.” Carta, September 26, 2008.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “Mot Imperiet och Herrarna.” Dagens Nyheter, September 21, 2008.
  - Hardt, M. “A New Cycle of Struggles.” Shukan Kinyobi, June 20, 2008.
  - Hardt, M. “Ne Darbo Islaisvinimas, O Issilaisvinimas Nuo Darbo!.” Juodrastis (Lithuania), 2008.
  - Hardt, M. “Ne Darbo Islaisvinimas, O Issilaisvinimas Nuo Darbo!.” Juodrastis (Lithuania), 2008.
  - Hardt, M., Toni Negri, Giuseppe Cocco, Judith Revel, Alvaro García Linera, and Luis Tapia. “Imperio, multitud y sociedad abigarrada.” CLACSO and Muela del Diablo, La Paz, Bolivia, 2008.
  - Kohso, S. “Toward a Revolutionary Theory of the Common.” Ibunsha, 2008.
  - “Il carattere non nazionale-popolare della letteratura italiana.” Ombre corte, 2008.
  - Eikmeyer, R. “Interview.” Online Journal Remarx, 2007.
    Link to Item
  - Schwartz, L. “Talking into Being.” Rain Taxi, 2007.
  - Clough, Patricia, and Jean Halley, eds. “What Affects Are Good For.” Durham: Duke University Press, 2007.
  - Geiselberger, Heinrich, ed. “Und jetzt, Herr Hardt? (Interview with Paul-Philipp Hanske).” Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, 2007.
  - Hardt, M., and Robert Eikmeyer. “Die Erfindung eines neuen politischen Vokabulars.” Remarx, 2007.
    Link to Item
  - Hardt, Michael, ed. “Thomas Jefferson, or, The Transition of Democracy.” London: Verso, 2007.
  - Favaro, Adriano, and Michael Hardt. “Anche l’amore contro l’impero del biopotere.” Il Gazzettino, December 10, 2006.
  - Hight, Christopher, and Michael Hardt. “Designing Commonspaces.” Architectural Design, September 2006.
  - Tsuda, K. “Welcoming the Multitude.” The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 2006.
  - Hardt, M. “A Tribute to Hannah Arendt.” Tikkun Magazine, 2006.
  - Kemmerer, A. “Starker Tobak.” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, November 18, 2004.
  - Senne de Moraes, M. “A Rede Concreta.” Folha De S. Paulo, August 1, 2004.
  - Dangl, B. “Interview.” Dissident Voice, April 20, 2004.
  - Hardt, M., and Clement Behrendt Kjersgaard. “In Fact I Want All of Us to Be Rich.” Nyhedsmagasinet Ræson, February 18, 2004.
  - Smith, C., and E. Minardi. “The Collaborator and the Multitude.” The Minnesota Review. Duke University Press, 2004.
  - Kemmerer, Alexandra. “Starker Tobak.” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (German Daily Newspaper), 2004.
  - Hardt, M., and Truls Lie. “Fra arbeid til samarbeid.” Le Monde Diplomatique (Scandinavian Edition), December 2003.
  - Moreiras, A., and A. Leyte. “Travallar por unha domocracia mundial e a unica resposta.” Grial: Revista Galega De Cultura, April 2003.
  - Hardt, M. “Anti-Europeanism and Anti-Americanism.” The Guardian, February 2003.
  - Budgen, S., and A. Colás. “Interview.” Historical Materialism. Brill Academic Publishers, 2003.
  - Burdick, K., and A. Mastrogiovanni. “On Global Democracy.” Bard Politik: The Bard Journal of Global Affairs, 2003.
  - Böhnel, M., and V. Lehmann. “Versallen am Hofe Bushs.” American Empire – No Thank You: Andere Stimmen Aus Amerika, 2003.
  - Böhnel, M., and V. Lehmann. “Versallen am Hofe Bushs.” American Empire – No Thank You: Andere Stimmen Aus Amerika, 2003.
  - Maffezzini, I. “Après Empire.” Conjunctures (Quebec), 2003.
  - Maffezzini, I. “Après Empire.” Conjunctures (Quebec), 2003.
  - Hardt, M., Kelly Burdick, and Armando Mastrogiovanni. “On Global Democracy.” Bard Politik: The Bard Journal of Global Affairs, 2003.
  - Hardt, M., Sebastian Budgen, and Alejandro Colás. “Interview.” Historical Materialism, 2003.
  - Hardt, M. “On Global Democracy.” Dagens Nyheter Newspaper (Sweden), December 30, 2002.
  - Veroli, N., and C. Mudede. “Challenging Empire.” Radical Society, December 2002.
  - Hardt, M. “Une conception non libérale du pluralisme.” Magazine Littéraire, February 2002.
  - Negri, A., N. Brown, and I. Szeman. “Subterranean Passages of Thought: Empire’s Inserts.” Cultural Studies. Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles, 2002.
  - Hardt, M. “On Empire and Cant: A Response to Mitchell Cohen.” Dissent, 2002.
  - Hardt, M. “Ett verkligt krig mot en overklig fiende.” Dagens Nyheter Newspaper, 2002.
  - Hardt, M. “Global Elites Must Realise that US Imperialism Isn’t in Their Interest.” The Guardian, 2002.
  - Bliwise, R. “Empire: Not So Evil.” Duke Magazine, November 2001.
  - Engelson, A. “Sovereignty, Multitudes, Absolute Democracy.” Washington Law and Politics, October 2001.
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “What the Protestors in Genoa Want.” The New York Times, July 20, 2001.
  - “Impero.” Milan: Feltrinelli, 2001.
  - Dumm, T. “Sovereignty, Multitudes, Absolute Democracy.” Theory and Event: An Online Journal of Political Theory. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000.
  - Hardt, M. “La nuda vita sotto l’Impero.” Il Manifesto Newspaper, 1999.
  - Hardt, M. “Le lotte non nascono dalla teoria.” Deriveapprodi, February 1996.
  - “Laboratory Italy.” Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
  - Negri, Antonio. “The Savage Anomaly: The Power of Spinoza’s Metaphysics and Politics.” Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990.
  - “The Anatomy of Power.” Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990.
  - Hardt, M. “Interview (with Samira Ariadad).” Brand (Sweden), n.d.
  - Hardt, M. “Interview with Chris Catanese and Karim Wissa.” White Room, n.d.
  - Kinsman, G. “From the Perspective of Resistance.” Upping the Anti, n.d.
- Book Reviews
  - Hardt, Michael. “Sleep No More (Review of Jonathan Crary's "24/7: Late Capitalism and the Ends of Sleep").” Artforum International, September 2013.
    Link to Item
  - Hardt, M., and J. Holloway. “Creating commonwealth and cracking capitalism: a cross-reading (part 1).” Translated by M. Hardt. Bajo El Volcán, March 2012.
  - Hardt, M., and J. Holloway. “Creating commonwealth and cracking capitalism: a cross-reading (part 1).” Translated by M. Hardt. Bajo El Volcán, March 2012.
  - Hardt, M., and John Holloway. “Creating Commonwealth and Cracking Capitalism: A Cross-Reading (Part 1).” Shift Magazine, January 2012.
  - Hardt, M. “Militant Life (Review of Michel Foucault's "Le gouvernement de soi et des autres" and "Le courage de la vérité").” New Left Review, 2010.
    Link to Item
  - Hardt, M., and Antonio Negri. “Response to David Harvey’s Review of "Commonwealth".” Artforum International, November 2009.
  - Hardt, Michael. “Review of Giovanni Arrighi's "Adam Smith in Beijing: Lineages of the Twenty-First Century" and Naomi Klein's "The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism".” Artforum International, December 2008.
    Link to Item
  - Hardt, M. “Capitalist Violence (Review of Naomi Klein's "The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism").” New Left Review, November 2007.
  - Hardt, M. “Incisive Retort: Michael Hardt on "Afflicted Powers" (Review of Iain Boal, T. J. Clark, Joseph Matthews, and Michael Watts' "Afflicted Powers: Capital and Spectacle in a New Age of War").” Artforum International, October 2005.
  - Hardt, M. “The Collective Project for a Global Commons (Review of Naomi Klein's "No Logo").” New Formations, 2004.
  - Hardt, M. “The Eurocentrism of History (Review of Dipesh Chakrabarty's "Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference").” Postcolonial Studies, 2001.
  - Hardt, M. “La coscienza oscura degli studi postcoloniali (Review of Gayatri Spivak's "A Critique of Postcolonial Reason").” Posse, 2000.
  - Hardt, Michael. “L’ Eterno ritorno del capitalismo (Review of Giovanni Arrighi's "The Long Twentieth Century").” Il Manifesto, November 1996.
  - Hardt, M. “Les raisonnables et les différents: le libéralisme politique de John Rawls (Review of John Rawls' "Political Liberalism").” Futur Antérieur, 1993.
  - Hardt, M. “Autocritique dans les années 90: le courage des Black Panthers (Review of Elaine Brown's "A Taste of Power: A Black Woman's Story").” Futur Antérieur, 1993.
  - Hardt, M. “La politique et la moralité dans les universités américaines (Review of Dinesh D'Souza's "Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus").” Futur Antérieur, 1991.
  - Hardt, M. “La conversation rortyenne (Review of Alan Malachowski's "Reading Rorty").” Futur Antérieur, 1991.
  - Hardt, M. “Review of Toni Negri's "Revolution Retrieved: Writings on Marx, Keynes, Capitalist Crisis and New Social Subjects (1967-83)".” Rethinking Marxism, 1990.
  - Hardt, M. “La renaissance hégélienne américaine et l’intériorisation du conflit.” Futur Antérieur, 1990.
- Journal Issues
  - Hardt, M., and G. Farred. “Theory Now.” Saq: The South Atlantic Quarterly. Duke University Press, 2011.
- Scholarly Editions
  - Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. “Assemblea.” Ponte alle Grazie, 2018.
    Link to Item
- Conference Papers
  - HARDT, M. “SPINOZA DEMOCRACY - THE PASSIONS OF SOCIAL ASSEMBLAGES.” In Marxism in the Postmodern Age, edited by A. Callari, S. Cullenberg, and C. Biewener, 24–32. GUILFORD PRESS, 1995.
    Link to Item
Artistic Works & Non-Print Media
- Films
  - After Empire. Writer. 2012
Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
Advising & Mentoring
- I supervise undergraduate and graduate research in a variety of disciplines, including Literature, Romance Studies, Political Science, Religion, Cultural Anthropology, Visual Studies, English, and History.

Some information on this profile has been compiled automatically from Duke databases and external sources. (Our About page explains how this works.) If you see a problem with the information, please write to Scholars@Duke and let us know. We will reply promptly.

Education, Training, & Certifications

Previous Appointments & Affiliations

In the News

Selected Publications

Books

Academic Articles

Book Sections

Other Articles

Book Reviews

Journal Issues

Scholarly Editions

Conference Papers

Artistic Works & Non-Print Media

Films

Recent Courses

Advising & Mentoring