Joel Charles Morgenlander

Joel Charles Morgenlander
Professor of Neurology

My current clinical interests center around the diagnosis and treatment of disorders in sports neurology and sports concussion, autoimmune neurology, general neurology (outpatient and inpatient), and neurological education. We are proud to have developed a residency program in Neurology for advanced practice providers (PA and NP). Research efforts parallel my clinical interests.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Neurology, Neurology, General & Community Neurology, Neurology 2005
Professor in Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics 2015
Faculty Network Member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, University Institutes and Centers 2011

Contact Information

0395 Duke South, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Box 3394, Durham, NC 27710
joel.morgenlander@duke.edu (919) 684-6887

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Fellow in Neurology, Medicine, Duke University 1990 - 1991
- Resident in Neurology, Medicine, Duke University 1987 - 1990
- Medical Intern, Medicine, University of Pittsburgh 1986 - 1987
- M.D., University of Pittsburgh 1986
Duke Appointment History
- Medical Director of the Neurscience Clinical Business Unit, Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 2001 - 2015
- Interim Chair, Department of Neurology, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 2013 - 2014
- Director of the Neurology Residency Training Program in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 1993 - 2011
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 2001 - 2005
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 1999 - 2001
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Neurology, Clinical Science Departments 1993 - 1999
- Associate in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 1991 - 1993
Recognition
In the News
- MAY 25, 2016 TWC News
  
  Dr. Joel Morgenlander comments: BMX legend Dave Mirra found to have had CTE
- JAN 7, 2014
  
  News Tip: Duke Experts Available to Discuss Russia, Olympics, Sports Injuries and Performance, Related Topics
Research
Selected Grants
- Development and Application of Novel Neurological Injury Assessment and Data Analysis Techniques awarded by Battelle Memorial Institute 2016 - 2019
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Kang, Jennifer H., Aatif M. Husain, and Joel C. Morgenlander. “Loss of Vestibular Ocular Reflex in Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus..” Neurocrit Care 30, no. 3 (June 2019): 675–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-018-0567-z.
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  - Morgenlander, Joel C., and Brian Hainline. “Emerging Subspecialties in Neurology: Sports neurology training and certification: An overview in 2018..” Neurology 91, no. 21 (November 2018): 980–82. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006552.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., and R. Blessing. “Authors respond.” Neurology: Clinical Practice 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000302.
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  - Morgenlander, Joel C., and Robert Blessing. “The Duke neurology advanced practice provider residency: Its time has come..” Neurology. Clinical Practice 6, no. 3 (June 2016): 277–80. https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000249.
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  - Morgenlander, Joel C. “MRI pattern approach of adult-onset inherited leukoencephalopathies..” Neurology. Clinical Practice 6, no. 2 (April 2016). https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000242.
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  - Miller, Robert G., Gilbert Block, Jonathan S. Katz, Richard J. Barohn, Vidhya Gopalakrishnan, Merit Cudkowicz, Jane R. Zhang, et al. “Randomized phase 2 trial of NP001-a novel immune regulator: Safety and early efficacy in ALS..” Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation 2, no. 3 (June 2015). https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000100.
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  - Attix, D. K., R. H. Zarzour, J. C. Morgenlander, E. A. Biagioni, and J. R. Bytomski. “Indispensable Stability: Intraclass Correlations for Executive and Memory Measures in College Athletes.” Clinical Neuropsychologist 29, no. 3 (April 3, 2015): 323–323.
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  - Leon-Guerrero, Christopher R., and Joel C. Morgenlander. “The man with hemi-cape dysesthesias..” Neurology. Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (February 2013): 80–81. https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0b013e318283fdb8.
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  - Morgenlander, Joel C. “Comment: Child neurology training--the adult neurology program director perspective..” Neurology 79, no. 8 (August 2012). https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31825f9d3a.
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  - El Husseini, Nada, and Joel C. Morgenlander. “Pearls & Oy-sters: multiple ischemic strokes secondary to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia..” Neurology 76, no. 11 (March 2011): e48–50. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182104383.
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  - Khishchenko, Natan, Kelli D. Allen, Cynthia J. Coffman, Edward J. Kasarskis, Jennifer H. Lindquist, Joel C. Morgenlander, Barbara B. Norman, et al. “Time to diagnosis in the National Registry of Veterans with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis..” Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis : Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases 11, no. 1–2 (January 2010): 125–32. https://doi.org/10.3109/17482960802572681.
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  - Lou, E., S. Züchner, J. Vance, and J. Morgenlander. “A potential novel variant of hereditary sensory neuropathy in a 61-year-old man with cough-induced syncope and vertebral artery dissection.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 85, no. 6 (January 1, 2010): 594–95. https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2009.0685.
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  - Pastula, Daniel M., Cynthia J. Coffman, Kelli D. Allen, Eugene Z. Oddone, Edward J. Kasarskis, Jennifer H. Lindquist, Joel C. Morgenlander, et al. “Factors associated with survival in the National Registry of Veterans with ALS..” Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis : Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases 10, no. 5–6 (October 2009): 332–38. https://doi.org/10.3109/17482960802320545.
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  - Kleinschmidt-Demasters, Bette Kay, Thomas J. Cummings, Christine M. Hulette, Joel C. Morgenlander, and John R. Corboy. “Adult cases of leukoencephalopathy, cerebral calcifications, and cysts: expanding the spectrum of the disorder..” Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 68, no. 4 (April 2009): 432–39. https://doi.org/10.1097/nen.0b013e31819fd897.
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  - Morgenlander, Joel, and Cheryl Bushnell. “Education research: neurology continuity clinic. Improving the timing of the experience..” Neurology 72, no. 9 (March 2009). https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000343957.47843.3a.
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  - Schuh, L. A., J. C. Adair, O. Drogan, B. M. Kissela, J. C. Morgenlander, and J. R. Corboy. “Education research: neurology residency training in the new millennium..” Neurology 72, no. 4 (January 2009): e15–20. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000342389.60811.ca.
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  - Allen, K. D., E. J. Kasarskis, R. S. Bedlack, M. P. Rozear, J. C. Morgenlander, A. Sabet, L. Sams, et al. “The National Registry of Veterans with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis..” Neuroepidemiology 30, no. 3 (January 2008): 180–90. https://doi.org/10.1159/000126910.
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  - Schmidt, Silke, Kelli D. Allen, Valerie T. Loiacono, Barbara Norman, Catherine L. Stanwyck, Kristina M. Nord, Christina D. Williams, et al. “Genes and Environmental Exposures in Veterans with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: the GENEVA study. Rationale, study design and demographic characteristics..” Neuroepidemiology 30, no. 3 (January 2008): 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1159/000126911.
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  - Halford, Jonathan, Gandis Mazeika, Susan Slifer, Marcy Speer, Ann M. Saunders, Warren J. Strittmatter, and Joel C. Morgenlander. “APOE2 allele increased in tardive dyskinesia..” Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society 21, no. 4 (April 2006): 540–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20768.
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  - Lobello, Kasia, Joel C. Morgenlander, Rodney A. Radtke, and Cheryl D. Bushnell. “Video/EEG monitoring in the evaluation of paroxysmal behavioral events: duration, effectiveness, and limitations..” Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B 8, no. 1 (February 2006): 261–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.10.010.
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  - Sathornsumetee, Sith, and Joel C. Morgenlander. “Friday night palsy: an unusual case of brachial plexus neuropathy..” Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 108, no. 2 (February 2006): 191–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.12.001.
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  - Bedlack, Richard S., Tuan Vu, Simon Hammans, Steven A. Sparr, Bennett Myers, Joel Morgenlander, and Michio Hirano. “MNGIE neuropathy: five cases mimicking chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy..” Muscle & Nerve 29, no. 3 (March 2004): 364–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.10546.
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  - Olson, DaiWai M., Dennis J. Cheek, and Joel C. Morgenlander. “The impact of bispectral index monitoring on rates of propofol administration..” Aacn Clinical Issues 15, no. 1 (January 2004): 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1097/00044067-200401000-00005.
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  - Bedlack, R. S., D. Edelman, J. W. Gibbs, D. Kelling, W. Strittmatter, A. M. Saunders, and J. Morgenlander. “APOE genotype is a risk factor for neuropathy severity in diabetic patients..” Neurology 60, no. 6 (March 2003): 1022–24. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000056689.50682.94.
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  - Corboy, J. R., E. Boudreau, J. C. Morgenlander, S. Rudnicki, and P. K. Coyle. “Neurology residency training at the millennium..” Neurology 58, no. 10 (May 2002): 1454–60. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.58.10.1454.
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  - Bulsara, K. R., P. W. Baron, J. E. Tuttle-Newhall, P. A. Clavien, and J. Morgenlander. “Guillain-Barre syndrome in organ and bone marrow transplant patients..” Transplantation 71, no. 8 (April 2001): 1169–72. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200104270-00026.
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  - Bushnell, C., Z. Siddiqi, J. C. Morgenlander, and L. B. Goldstein. “Use of specialized coagulation testing in the evaluation of patients with acute ischemic stroke..” Neurology 56, no. 5 (March 13, 2001): 624–27.
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  - Bedlack, R. S., W. J. Strittmatter, and J. C. Morgenlander. “Apolipoprotein E and neuromuscular disease: a critical review of the literature..” Archives of Neurology 57, no. 11 (November 2000): 1561–65. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.57.11.1561.
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  - Shbarou, R. M., N. J. Chao, and J. C. Morgenlander. “Cyclosporin A-related cerebral vasculopathy..” Bone Marrow Transplantation 26, no. 7 (October 2000): 801–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1702603.
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  - Spinner, R. J., J. C. Morgenlander, and J. A. Nunley. “Ulnar nerve function following total elbow arthroplasty: a prospective study comparing preoperative and postoperative clinical and electrophysiologic evaluation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis..” The Journal of Hand Surgery 25, no. 2 (March 2000): 360–64. https://doi.org/10.1053/jhsu.2000.jhsu25a0360.
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  - Bushnell, C. D., Z. Siddiqi, J. C. Morgenlander, and L. B. Goldstein. “Use of coagulation tests in the evaluation of acute ischemic stroke.” Stroke 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 332–332.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C. “Dementia: A four-article symposium.” Postgraduate Medicine 106, no. 5 (October 15, 1999). https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1999.10.15.743.
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  - Burke, J. R., and J. C. Morgenlander. “Update on Alzheimer's disease. Promising advances in detection and treatment..” Postgraduate Medicine 106, no. 5 (October 1999): 85–86. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1999.10.15.746.
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  - Burke, J. R., and J. C. Morgenlander. “Managing common behavioral problems in dementia. How to improve quality of life for patients and families..” Postgraduate Medicine 106, no. 5 (October 1999): 131–40. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1999.10.15.748.
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  - Chu, C. T., D. N. Howell, J. C. Morgenlander, C. M. Hulette, R. E. McLendon, and S. E. Miller. “Electron microscopic diagnosis of human flavivirus encephalitis: use of confocal microscopy as an aid..” The American Journal of Surgical Pathology 23, no. 10 (October 1999): 1217–26. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-199910000-00006.
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  - Steffens, D. C., and J. C. Morgenlander. “Initial evaluation of suspected dementia. Asking the right questions..” Postgraduate Medicine 106, no. 5 (October 1999): 72–83. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1999.10.15.745.
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  - Welsh-Bohmer, K. A., and J. C. Morgenlander. “Determining the cause of memory loss in the elderly. From in-office screening to neuropsychological referral..” Postgraduate Medicine 106, no. 5 (October 1999): 99-passim. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1999.10.15.747.
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  - Ahearn, G. S., R. S. Bedlack, D. T. Price, C. N. Robertson, and J. C. Morgenlander. “Transient lumbosacral polyradiculopathy after prostatectomy: association with spinal stenosis..” Southern Medical Journal 92, no. 8 (August 1999): 809–11.
  - Cokgor, I., M. Rozear, and J. C. Morgenlander. “Seizures and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. A case report and series review..” North Carolina Medical Journal 60, no. 2 (March 1999): 108–9.
  - Devlin, T., S. Moll, C. Hulette, and J. C. Morgenlander. “Intravascular malignant lymphomatosis with neurologic presentation: factors facilitating antemortem diagnosis..” Southern Medical Journal 91, no. 7 (July 1998): 672–76.
  - Morgenlander, J. C. “Concerns about meningitis..” Postgraduate Medicine 104, no. 1 (July 1998). https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1998.11444688.
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  - Chu, C. T., D. N. Howell, J. C. Morgenlander, R. E. McLendon, and S. E. Miller. “ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS OF ARBOVIRAL MENINOOENCEPHALITIS.” Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 57, no. 5 (May 1998): 505–505. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005072-199805000-00161.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., and R. Charlton. “Editor's mailbox.” Postgraduate Medicine 104, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 31–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1998.11444688.
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  - Meriggioli, M. N., and J. C. Morgenlander. “Peripheral neuropathy and connective tissue disease. Watch for this twosome when hunting for a diagnosis..” Postgraduate Medicine 102, no. 5 (November 1997): 65–75. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1997.11.367.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., J. R. Lynch, and D. B. Sanders. “Surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with peripheral neuropathy..” Neurology 49, no. 4 (October 1997): 1159–63. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.49.4.1159.
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  - Pirzada, N. A., and J. C. Morgenlander. “Peripheral neuropathy in patients with chronic renal failure. A treatable source of discomfort and disability..” Postgraduate Medicine 102, no. 4 (October 1997): 249–61. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1997.10.344.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C. “Recognizing peripheral neuropathy. How to read the clues to an underlying cause..” Postgraduate Medicine 102, no. 3 (September 1997): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1997.09.317.
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  - Perkins, A. T., and J. C. Morgenlander. “Endocrinologic causes of peripheral neuropathy. Pins and needles in a stocking-and-glove pattern and other symptoms..” Postgraduate Medicine 102, no. 3 (September 1997): 81–106. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1997.09.318.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., J. R. Lynch, and D. B. Sanders. “Surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with peripheral neuropathy.” Neurology 48, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 3114–3114.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C. “Recognizing peripheral neuropathy: How to read the clues to an underlying cause: How to read the clues to an underlying cause.” Postgraduate Medicine 102, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1997.09.317.
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  - Devlin, T., L. Gray, N. B. Allen, A. H. Friedman, R. Tien, and J. C. Morgenlander. “Neuro-Behcet's disease in Japan - Reply.” Neurology 47, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): 614–15. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.47.2.614-a.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C. “A syndrome of concurrent central and peripheral nervous system involvement due to Epstein-Barr virus infection..” Muscle & Nerve 19, no. 8 (August 1996): 1037–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199608)19:8&lt;1037::aid-mus11&gt;3.0.co;2-u.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., R. M. McCallum, T. Devlin, M. S. Moore, L. Gray, and M. J. Alberts. “Transcranial doppler sonography to monitor cerebral vasculitis..” The Journal of Rheumatology 23, no. 3 (March 1996): 561–63.
  - Provenzale, J. M., J. C. Morgenlander, and D. Gress. “Spontaneous vertebral dissection: clinical, conventional angiographic, CT, and MR findings..” Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 20, no. 2 (March 1996): 185–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004728-199603000-00004.
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  - Devlin, T., L. Gray, N. B. Allen, A. H. Friedman, R. Tien, and J. C. Morgenlander. “Reply from the Authors: Neuro-Behcet's disease in Japan.” Neurology 47, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 614–15. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.47.2.614-a.
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  - Devlin, T., L. Gray, N. B. Allen, A. H. Friedman, R. Tien, and J. C. Morgenlander. “Neuro-Behçet's disease: factors hampering proper diagnosis..” Neurology 45, no. 9 (September 1995): 1754–57. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.45.9.1754.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., and D. B. Sanders. “Spontaneous EMG activity in the extensor digitorum brevis and abductor hallucis muscles in normal subjects..” Muscle & Nerve 17, no. 11 (November 1994): 1346–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.880171115.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., and L. F. Redick. “Spinal dysraphism and epidural anesthesia..” Anesthesiology 81, no. 3 (September 1994): 783–85.
  - Morgenlander, J. C. “Lumbar puncture and CSF examination. Answers to three commonly asked questions..” Postgraduate Medicine 95, no. 8 (June 1994): 125–31.
  - Eraser, J. L., M. B. Bromberg, J. W. Albers, L. R. Robinson, M. Henderson, G. Sheean, C. M. McDonald, et al. “Letters to the editor.” Muscle &Amp; Nerve 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 112–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.880170119.
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  - MORGENLANDER, J. C. “Spinal dysraphism and epidural anesthesia.” Anesthesiology 81 (1994): 783–85. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199409000-00042.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C. “Bell's palsy: an eponym that often leads to confusion..” Muscle & Nerve 17, no. 1 (January 1994). https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.880171115.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., V. Nohria, and Z. Saba. “EKG abnormalities in pediatric patients with myotonic dystrophy..” Pediatric Neurology 9, no. 2 (March 1993): 124–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-8994(93)90047-g.
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  - MORGENLANDER, J. C. “EKG abnormalities in pediatric patients with myotonic dystrophy.” Pediatr Neurol 9 (1993): 124–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-8994(93)90047-G.
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  - Skeen, M. B., M. P. Rozear, and J. C. Morgenlander. “Posey palsy..” Annals of Internal Medicine 117, no. 9 (November 1992). https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-9-795_2.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., and J. M. Massey. “Myotonic dystrophy..” Seminars in Neurology 11, no. 3 (September 1991): 236–43. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1041227.
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  - Wirth, F. P., W. A. Miller, and A. P. Russell. “Recurrent transient ischemic attacks and stroke associated with an internal carotid artery web..” Stroke 22, no. 7 (July 1991). https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.22.7.956.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., and L. B. Goldstein. “Recurrent transient ischemic attacks and stroke associated with an internal carotid artery web: To the editor.” Stroke 22, no. 7 (January 1, 1991).
  - Morgenlander, J. C., and L. B. Goldstein. “Recurrent transient ischemic attacks and stroke in association with an internal carotid artery web..” Stroke 22, no. 1 (January 1991): 94–98. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.22.1.94.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., and E. W. Massey. “Bell's palsy. Ensuring the best possible outcome..” Postgraduate Medicine 88, no. 5 (October 1990): 157–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1990.11716398.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., and M. P. Rozear. “Disc space infection: a case report with MRI diagnosis..” Am Fam Physician 42, no. 4 (October 1990): 983–86.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., and M. P. Rozear. “Disc space infection: a case report with MRI diagnosis..” American Family Physician 42, no. 4 (October 1990): 983–86.
  - Morgenlander, J. C., B. J. Hurwitz, and E. W. Massey. “Capsaicin for the treatment of pain in Guillain-Barré syndrome..” Annals of Neurology 28, no. 2 (August 1990). https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410280222.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., and R. H. Wilkins. “Surgical treatment of cluster headache..” Journal of Neurosurgery 72, no. 6 (June 1990): 866–71. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1990.72.6.0866.
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  - GOLDSTEIN, L. B., D. B. MATCHAR, J. C. MORGENLANDER, and J. N. DAVIS. “DRUGS INFLUENCE THE RECOVERY OF FUNCTION AFTER STROKE.” Stroke 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 179–179.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., and E. W. Massey. “Neurogenic claudication with positionally dependent weakness from a thoracic disk herniation..” Neurology 39, no. 8 (August 1989): 1133–34. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.39.8.1133.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., E. Rossitch, and C. E. Rawlings. “Aspergillus disc space infection: case report and review of the literature..” Neurosurgery 25, no. 1 (July 1989): 126–29. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-198907000-00025.
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  - Morgenlander, J. C., E. Rossitch, and C. E. Rawlings. “Aspergillus disc space infection.” Neurosurgery, July 1989, 126–126. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-198907000-00025.
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  - Thrivikraman, K. V., R. W. Keller, S. K. Wolfson, S. J. Yao, and J. C. Morgen-Lander. “496-Cyclic voltammetric studies on the application of carbon elctrodes in the determination of oxalic acid.” Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 141, no. 3 (January 1, 1982): 357–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(82)85222-4.
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  - Thrivikraman, K. V., R. W. Keller, S. K. Wolfson, S. J. Yao, and J. C. Morgen-Lander. “Cyclic voltammetric studies on the application of carbon electrodes in the determination of oxalic acid.” Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 9, no. 3 (January 1, 1982): 357–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(82)80025-1.
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Education, Training, & Certifications

Duke Appointment History

In the News

Selected Grants

Selected Publications

Academic Articles