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John Pearson

Associate Professor of Neurobiology
Neurobiology
Duke Box 90999, Durham, NC 27708
Bryan Research Building, 101H, Durham, NC 27710

Overview


What makes us intelligent? How do the hundred billion cells in our brain give rise to speech, music, and athletic performance, and how does this process break down in disease? Just as fixing a computer requires a mental model of how its parts work together, treating brain disorders will require understanding the fundamental principles by which the brain develops, learns, and maintains its function over time. 

Our lab works to identify these fundamental principles. In close collaboration with experimentalists, we devise new methods for distilling scientific hypotheses from large and complex data sets, and we build AI-driven systems that adapt experiments to incoming data in real time. Our ultimate goal is to produce theories that allow both scientists and clinicians to reason about brain function, understand existing data, and devise new treatments.

Current Duke Appointments & Affiliations


Associate Professor of Neurobiology · 2025 - Present Neurobiology, Basic Science Departments
Assistant Research Professor in Neurobiology · 2018 - Present Neurobiology, Basic Science Departments
Associate Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience · 2025 - Present Psychology & Neuroscience, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences
Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering · 2025 - Present Pierre R. Lamond Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering
Member of the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience · 2016 - Present Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences

Recent News Items


Published March 25, 2025
A Hit of Dopamine Tells Baby Birds When Their Song Practice Is Paying Off
Published April 15, 2022
School of Medicine Celebrates 2022 Faculty Achievement Awards
Published October 21, 2021
Neuroscientists See How Practice Really Does Make Perfect

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Recent Scholarly Works


A synaptic locus of song learning.

Journal article Nature · July 2026 Learning by imitation is the foundation for verbal and musical expression, but its neural basis remains unclear. A juvenile male zebra finch imitates the multisyllabic song of an adult tutor in a process that depends on a song-specialized cortico-basal gan ... Full text Link to item Cite

Selective Encoding of Priors for Flexible Categorization But Not Bayesian Inference in the Frontal Eye Field.

Journal article J Neurosci · June 24, 2026 Expectations or prior beliefs about the world modulate sensory processing at the behavioral and neural levels. Bayesian models predict that such priors compensate for input uncertainty to optimize sensory judgments. Although Bayesian behavior is prevalent ... Full text Link to item Cite

Selective encoding of priors for flexible categorization but not Bayesian inference in the frontal eye field.

Preprint · April 20, 2026 Expectations or prior beliefs about the world have been shown to modulate sensory processing both at the behavioral and neural levels. Bayesian models predict that such priors compensate for input uncertainty to optimize sensory judgments. Although Bayesia ... Full text Link to item Cite
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Recent Grants


Neurobiology Training Program

Inst. Training Prgm or CMEMentor · Awarded by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke · 2024 - 2029

Duke University Psychiatry Physician-Scientist Residency Training Program

Inst. Training Prgm or CMEMentor · Awarded by National Institute of Mental Health · 2024 - 2029

Neurocognitive mechanisms of control over cognitive stability and flexibility

ResearchCo Investigator · Awarded by National Institute of Mental Health · 2023 - 2028

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Education


Princeton University · 2004 Ph.D.
University of Kentucky · 1999 B.S.