Ralph L. Keeney | Scholars@Duke

Ralph L. Keeney
Research Professor Emeritus

Ralph L. Keeney received Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is Research Professor Emeritus of Business Administration, Duke University, and Research Professor Emeritus of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California. His areas of expertise are the decision sciences, risk analysis, and systems management. He is an authority on decision analysis, decision making with multiple objectives, and value-focused thinking. During his professional career, Dr. Keeney has consulted on a wide range of decisions including corporate management problems, public policy, environmental problems, and energy decisions. He has been a consultant for several organizations including Fair Isaac, Seagate Technology, American Express, British Columbia Hydro, Pacific Gas and Electric, BC Gas , Kaiser Permanente, Hewlett-Packard, the Electric Power Research Institute, Greater Vancouver Regional District, Energie Baden-Wuerttemberg AG (Germany), Ministry of Public Works (Mexico), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Austria), U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Professor Keeney's books, which have been translated into numerous languages, include Decisions with Multiple Objectives with Howard Raiffa (1976, 1993), ValueFocused Thinking: A Path to Creative Decisionmaking (1992), and Smart Choices: A Practical Guide to Making Better Decisions, with John S. Hammond and Howard Raiffa (1999). He recently received an honorary doctorate from the University of Waterloo in Canada and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering of the U.S.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Research Professor Emeritus, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University 2012

Contact Information

Box 90120, Durham, NC 27708-0120
W322 Fuqua Sch of Bus, Durham, NC 27708
keeney@duke.edu (919) 660-7928
Fuqua Faculty Profile

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1969
- B.S., University of California - Los Angeles 1966
Duke Appointment History
- Research Professor of Business Administration, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University 2002 - 2012
Recognition
Awards & Honors
Expertise
Global Scholarship
- Teaching
  - Austria (Country)
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Gregory, Robin, and Ralph L. Keeney. “A Practical Approach to Address Uncertainty in Stakeholder Deliberations.” Risk Analysis : An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis 37, no. 3 (March 2017): 487–501. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12638.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Remembering Howard Raiffa.” Decision Analysis 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 213–18. https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.2016.0336.
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  - Siebert, J., and R. L. Keeney. “Creating more and better alternatives for decisions using objectives.” Operations Research 63, no. 5 (January 1, 2015): 1144–58. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2015.1411.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L., and Asa B. Palley. “Decision strategies to reduce teenage and young adult deaths in the United States.” Risk Analysis : An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis 33, no. 9 (September 2013): 1661–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12016.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Foundations for group decision analysis.” Decision Analysis 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 103–20. https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.2013.0265.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L. “Identifying, prioritizing, and using multiple objectives.” Euro Journal on Decision Processes 1, no. 1–2 (June 2013): 45–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40070-013-0002-9.
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  - Morais, D. C., L. H. Alencar, A. P. C. S. Costa, and R. L. Keeney. “Using value-focused thinking in Brazil.” Pesquisa Operacional 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-74382013000100005.
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  - Soll, J. B., R. L. Keeney, and R. P. Larrick. “Consumer misunderstanding of credit card use.” Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 66–81. https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.11.061.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Value-focused brainstorming.” Decision Analysis 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 303–13. https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.1120.0251.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L., and Detlof von Winterfeldt. “A value model for evaluating homeland security decisions.” Risk Analysis : An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis 31, no. 9 (September 2011): 1470–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01597.x.
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  - Keeney, R. L., and R. Nau. “A theorem for Bayesian group decisions.” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 43, no. 1 (August 1, 2011): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11166-011-9121-5.
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  - Ginsburg, G. S., and H. F. Willard. “Preface.” Essentials of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, December 1, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374934-5.00062-3.
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  - Bond, S. D., K. A. Carlson, and R. L. Keeney. “Improving the generation of decision objectives.” Decision Analysis 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 238–55. https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.1100.0172.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “The Foundations of Collaborative Group Decisions.” International Journal of Collaborative Engineering 1, no. 1/2 (2009): 4–18.
  - Carlson, K. A., C. Janiszewski, R. L. Keeney, D. H. Krantz, H. C. Kunreuther, M. F. Luce, J. E. Russo, S. M. J. Van Osselaer, and D. Von Winterfeldt. “A theoretical framework for goal-based choice and for prescriptive analysis.” Marketing Letters 19, no. 3–4 (December 1, 2008): 241–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-008-9043-4.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Personal decisions are the leading cause of death.” Operations Research 56, no. 6 (November 1, 2008): 1335–47. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.1080.0588.
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  - Kornish, L. J., and R. L. Keeney. “Repeated commit-or-defer decisions with a deadline: The influenza vaccine composition.” Operations Research 56, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 527–41. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.1070.0436.
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  - Bond, S. D., K. A. Carlson, and R. L. Keeney. “Generating objectives: Can decision makers articulate what they want?” Management Science 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 56–70. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1070.0754.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Applying value-focused thinking.” Military Operations Research 13, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 6–17. https://doi.org/10.5711/morj.13.2.7.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L., and Dinah A. Vernik. “Analysis of the Biological Clock Decision” 4, no. 3 (September 2007): 114–35.
  - Keeney, Ralph L. “Modeling values for anti-terrorism analysis.” Risk Analysis : An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis 27, no. 3 (June 2007): 585–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00910.x.
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  - Keeney, R. L., and D. A. Vernik. “Analysis of the Biological Clock Problem.” Decision Analysis 4 (2007): 117–35.
  - Keeney, R. L., K. E. See, and D. Von Winterfeldt. “Evaluating academic programs: With applications to U.S. graduate decision science programs.” Operations Research 54, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 813–28. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.1060.0328.
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  - Hammond, J. S., R. L. Keeney, and H. Raiffa. “The hidden traps in decision making.” Harvard Business Review 84, no. 1 (January 1, 2006).
  - KEENEY, R. A. L. P. H. L. “ELICITING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT VALUES FOR PUBLIC POLICY DECISIONS.” International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making 05, no. 04 (2006): 739–49.
  - KEENEY, RALPH L. “ELICITING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT VALUES FOR PUBLIC POLICY DECISIONS.” International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making 05, no. 04 (2006): 739–49.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Using preferences for multi-attributed alternatives.” Journal of Multi Criteria Decision Analysis 14, no. 4–6 (January 1, 2006): 169–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/mcda.412.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Eliciting knowledge about values for public policy decisions.” International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making 5, no. 4 (January 1, 2006): 739–49. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219622006002295.
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  - Smith, J. E., and R. L. Keeney. “Your money or your life: A prescriptive model for health, safety, and consumption decisions.” Management Science 51, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1309–25. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1050.0402.
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  - Keeney, R. L., and R. M. Oliver. “Designing win-win financial loan products for consumers and businesses.” Journal of the Operational Research Society 56, no. 9 (January 1, 2005): 1030–40. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601992.
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  - Keeney, R. L., and R. S. Gregory. “Selecting attributes to measure the achievement of objectives.” Operations Research 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.1040.0158.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L. “Making Better Decision Makers.” Decision Analysis 1, no. 4 (December 2004): 193–204. https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.1040.0009.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Stimulating creative design alternatives using customer values.” Ieee Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews 34, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 450–59. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2004.829255.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L. “Communicating About Decisions.” Decision Analysis 1, no. 2 (June 2004): 82–83. https://doi.org/10.1287/deca.1030.0017.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Framing public policy decisions.” International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 95–115. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTPM.2004.004815.
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  - Gregory, R. S., and R. L. Keeney. “Making smarter environmental management decisions.” Journal of the American Water Resources Association 38, no. 6 (January 1, 2002): 1601–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb04367.x.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Common mistakes in making value trade-offs.” Operations Research 50, no. 6 (January 1, 2002). https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.50.6.935.357.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L., and Detlof Von Winterfeldt. “Appraising the precautionary principle – a decision analysis perspective.” Journal of Risk Research 4, no. 2 (April 2001): 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669870010027631.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Countering Terrorism: The Clash of Values.” Orms Today 28, no. 6 (2001): 20–22.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Modeling values for telecommunications management.” Ieee Transactions on Engineering Management 48, no. 3 (2001): 370–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/17.946536.
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  - Keeney, R. L., and T. L. McDaniels. “A framework to guide thinking and analysis regarding climate change policies.” Risk Analysis 21, no. 6 (2001): 989–1000. https://doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.216168.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “making better decisions faster.” Orms Today 27, no. 3 (2000): 36–37.
  - Keeney, R. L., and Q. Lin. “Evaluating Customer Acquisition at American Express Using Multiple Objectives.” Interfaces 30, no. 5 (2000): 31–33.
  - Hammond, J. S., R. L. Keeney, and H. Raiffa. “Management in Action: The Hidden Traps in Decision Making.” Clinical Leadership and Management Review 13, no. 1 (1999): 39–47.
  - Hammond, J. S., and R. L. Keeney. “Making smart choices in engineering.” Ieee Spectrum 36, no. 11 (1999): 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.1999.803605.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Developing a foundation for strategy at Seagate Software.” Interfaces 29, no. 6 (1999): 4–15.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Value of internet commerce to the customer.” Management Science 45, no. 4 (1999): 533–42.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Foundations for making smart decisions.” Iie Solutions 31, no. 5 (1999): 25–30.
  - Keeney, R. L., and T. L. McDaniels. “Identifying and structuring values to guide integrated resource planning at BC gas.” Operations Research 47, no. 5 (1999): 651–62.
  - Gray, G. M., J. C. Allen, D. E. Burmaster, S. H. Gage, J. K. Hammitt, S. Kaplan, R. L. Keeney, et al. “Principles for conduct of pest risk analyses: Report of an expert workshop.” Risk Analysis 18, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 773–80. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RIAN.0000005922.65955.69.
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  - Hammond, J. S., R. L. Keeney, and H. Raiffa. “The hidden traps in decision making.” Harvard Business Review 76, no. 5 (1998): 47-passim.
  - Hammond, J. S., R. L. Keeney, and H. Raiffa. “Even swaps: a rational method for making trade-offs.” Harvard Business Review 76, no. 2 (1998): 137–50.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Modeling values for managing service enterprises.” Proceedings of the Ieee International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 5 (1998): 4746–51.
  - Keeney, R. L., J. S. Hammond, and H. Raiffa. “The Core Ideas for Better Decision-Making.” Orms Today 25, no. 6 (1998): 8–9.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Evaluating electromagnetic field implications of a transmission-line moratorium.” Ieee Transactions on Engineering Management 44, no. 3 (1997): 268–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/17.618078.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Estimating Fatalities Induced by the Economic Costs of Regulations.” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 14, no. 1 (1997): 5–23.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Value-focused thinking: Identifying decision opportunities and creating alternatives.” European Journal of Operational Research 92, no. 3 (1996): 537–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(96)00004-5.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “The role of values in risk management.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, no. 545 (1996): 126–33.
  - Keeney, R. L., T. L. McDaniels, and V. L. Ridge-Cooney. “Using values in planning wastewater facilities for Metropolitan Seattle.” Water Resources Bulletin 32, no. 2 (1996): 293–303.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Understanding life-threatening risks.” Risk Analysis 15, no. 6 (1995): 627–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb01334.x.
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  - Keeney, R. L., T. L. McDaniels, and C. Swoveland. “Evaluating improvements in electric utility reliability at British Columbia hydro.” Operations Research 43, no. 6 (1995): 933–47.
  - Keeney, Ralph L. “Using Values in Operations Research.” Operations Research 42, no. 5 (October 1994): 793–813. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.42.5.793.
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  - Gregory, R., and R. L. Keeney. “Creating policy alternatives using stakeholder values.” Management Science 40, no. 8 (1994): 1035–38.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Creativity in Decision Making with Value-Focused Thinking.” Sloan Management Review 35, no. 4 (1994): 33–41.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Decisions about life-threatening risks.” New England Journal of Medicine 331, no. 3 (1994): 193–96. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199407213310311.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Mortality risks induced by the costs of regulations.” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 8, no. 1 (1994): 95–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01064088.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Establishing research objectives to address issues of climate change.” Socio Economic Planning Sciences 28, no. 1 (1994): 1–8.
  - Keeney, R. L., and D. V. Winterfeldt. “Managing nuclear waste from power plants.” Risk Analysis 14, no. 1 (1994): 107–30.
  - Smith, V. K., D. J. Epp, K. A. Schwabe, K. S. Chapman, G. Hariharan, and R. L. Keeney. “Errata.” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 8, no. 3 (1994): 319–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01064048.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Value-Focused Thinking: Creativity Directed Toward Decision Making.” Interfaces 23, no. 3 (1993): 62–67.
  - Keeney, Ralph L., and Timothy L. McDaniels. “Value-Focused Thinking about Strategic Decisions at BC Hydro.” Interfaces 22, no. 6 (December 1992): 94–109. https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.22.6.94.
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  - Keeney, R. L., R. Gregory, and D. von Winterfeldt. “Adapting the Environmental Impact Statement Process to Inform Decision Makers.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 11, no. 1 (1992): 58–75.
  - Keeney, R. L., and D. V. Winterfeldt. “Eliciting probabilities from experts in complex technical problems.” Ieee Transactions on Engineering Management 38, no. 3 (1991): 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1109/17.83752.
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  - Keeney, R. L., and D. W. von. “A prescriptive risk framework for individual health and safety decisions.” Risk Analysis 11, no. 3 (1991): 523–33.
  - Ortiz, N. R., T. A. Wheeler, R. J. Breeding, S. Hora, M. A. Meyer, and R. L. Keeney. “Use of expert judgment in NUREG-1150.” Nuclear Engineering and Design 126, no. 3 (1991): 313–31.
  - Keeney, Ralph L., Detlof von Winterfeldt, and Thomas Eppel. “Eliciting Public Values for Complex Policy Decisions.” Management Science 36, no. 9 (September 1990): 1011–30. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.36.9.1011.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Mortality risks induced by economic expenditures.” Risk Analysis 10, no. 1 (1990): 147–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1990.tb01029.x.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Building models of values.” Mathematical and Computer Modelling 12, no. 9 (1989): 1176-.
  - Keeney, R. L., and D. V. Winterfeldt. “On the uses of expert judgment on complex technical problems.” Ieee Transactions on Engineering Management 36, no. 2 (1989): 83–86.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Value-driven expert systems for decision support.” Decision Support Systems 4, no. 4 (1988): 405–12.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Building models of values.” European Journal of Operational Research 37, no. 2 (1988): 149–57.
  - Keeney, R. L. “STRUCTURING OBJECTIVES FOR PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC INTEREST.” Operations Research 36, no. 3 (1988): 396–405.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Facts to guide thinking about life-threatening risks,” 1988, 326–29.
  - Keeney, R. L., R. H. Möhring, H. Otway, F. J. Radermacher, and M. M. Richter. “Design aspects of advanced decision support systems.” Decision Support Systems 4, no. 4 (1988): 381–85.
  - Keeney, R. L., and D. V. Winterfeldt. “Probabilities are useful to quantify expert judgments.” Reliability Engineering and System Safety 23, no. 4 (1988): 293–98.
  - Keeney, R. L. “An analysis of the portfolio of sites to characterize for selecting a nuclear repository.” Risk Analysis 7, no. 2 (1987): 195–218.
  - Keeney, R. L., O. Renn, and D. V. Winterfeldt. “Structuring West Germany's energy objectives.” Energy Policy 15, no. 4 (1987): 352–62.
  - Keeney, R. L., and G. L. Lilien. “New industrial product design and evaluation using multiattribute value analysis.” The Journal of Product Innovation Management 4, no. 3 (1987): 185–98.
  - Merkhofer, M. W., and R. L. Keeney. “A multiattribute utility analysis of alternative sites for the disposal of nuclear waste.” Risk Analysis 7, no. 2 (1987): 173–94.
  - Keeney, Ralph L., and Detlof von Winterfeldt. “Why Indirect Health Risks of Regulations Should be Examined.” Interfaces 16, no. 6 (December 1986): 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.16.6.13.
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  - Keeney, R. L., J. F. Lathrop, and A. Sicherman. “ANALYSIS OF BALTIMORE GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY'S TECHNOLOGY CHOICE.” Operations Research 34, no. 1 (1986): 18–39.
  - Keeney, R. L., and D. V. Winterfeldt. “Improving risk communication.” Risk Analysis 6, no. 4 (1986): 417–24.
  - Cohen, M. D., G. Huber, R. L. Keeney, A. H. Levis, L. L. Lopes, A. P. Sage, S. Sen, et al. “Research Needs and the Phenomena of Decisionmaking and Operations.” Ieee Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics SMC-15, no. 6 (January 1, 1985): 764–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.1985.6313460.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Issues in evaluating risks of fatalities.” Environmental Impact Assessment, Technology Assessment, and Risk Analysis. Proc., Les Arcs, 1983, 1985, 519–34.
  - Keeney, R. L., A. Sicherman, and G. R. Smith. “Analyzing radionuclide emissions from coal-fired power plants.” Interfaces 15, no. 5 (1985): 12–24.
  - Keeney, R. L., and R. L. Winkler. “EVALUATING DECISION STRATEGIES FOR EQUITY OF PUBLIC RISKS.” Operations Research 33, no. 5 (January 1, 1985): 955–70. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.33.5.955.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Ethics, decision analysis, and public risk.” Risk Analysis 4, no. 2 (1984): 117–29.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Structuring public utility functions.” Operations Research Letters 3, no. 1 (1984): 1–4.
  - Keeney, R. L., R. K. Sarin, and R. L. Winkler. “Analysis of alternative national ambient carbon monoxide standards.” Management Science 30, no. 4 (January 1, 1984): 518–28. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.30.4.518.
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  - Keeney, R. L., R. K. Sarin, and R. L. Winkler. “RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF ALTERNATIVE NATIONAL AMBIENT CARBON MONOXIDE STANDARDS.” Proceedings, Annual Meeting Air Pollution Control Association 1 (December 1, 1983).
  - Keeney, Ralph L. “A Technology Choice for Model Electricity Generation.” The Energy Journal 4, no. 01 (September 1, 1983). https://doi.org/10.5547/issn0195-6574-ej-vol4-nosi-2.
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  - Fryback, D. G., and R. L. Keeney. “CONSTRUCTING A COMPLEX JUDGMENTAL MODEL: AN INDEX OF TRAUMA SEVERITY.” Management Science 29, no. 8 (1983): 869–83.
  - Keeney, R. L. “ISSUES IN EVALUATING STANDARDS.” Interfaces (Providence, Rhode Island) 13, no. 2 (1983): 12–22.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Evaluation of Mortality Risks for Institutional Decisions.” Advances in Psychology 14, no. C (1983): 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62224-4.
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  - Keeney, R. L., and A. Sicherman. “ILLUSTRATIVE COMPARISON OF ONE UTILITY'S COAL AND NUCLEAR CHOICES.” Operations Research 31, no. 1 (1983): 50–83.
  - Keeney, Ralph L. “POTENTIAL RESEARCH TOPICS IN DECISION ANALYSIS*.” Decision Sciences 13, no. 4 (October 1982): 547–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1982.tb01180.x.
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  - KEENEY, R. L. “DECISION ANALYSIS: AN OVERVIEW.” Oper Res V 30, no. N 5 (1982): 803–38.
  - Keeney, R. L. “TUTORIAL: DECISION ANALYSIS.” Proceedings Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Decision Sciences 2 (1982): 289-.
  - Keeney, R. L., and G. B. Baecher. “Statistical Examination of Resevoir-Induced Seismicity Data.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 72, no. 2 (1982): 553–69.
  - Keeney, R. L., and G. R. Smith. “STRUCTURING OBJECTIVES FOR EVALUATING POSSIBLE NUCLEAR MATERIAL CONTROL AND ACCOUNTING REGULATIONS.” Ieee Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics SMC-12, no. 6 (1982): 743–50.
  - Keeney, R. L., and V. M. Ozernoy. “ILLUSTRATIVE ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT CARBON MONOXIDE STANDARDS.” Journal of the Operational Research Society 33, no. 4 (1982): 365–75.
  - Derby, S. L., and R. L. Keeney. “Risk analysis: understanding 'how safe is safe enough?'.” Risk Analysis 1, no. 3 (1981): 217–24.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Formal Analysis Including Value Judgments and Public Risk.” Toxic Substances Journal 3 (1981): 8–22.
  - Keeney, R. L. “ANALYSIS OF PREFERENCE DEPENDENCIES AMONG OBJECTIVES.” Operations Research 29, no. 6 (1981): 1105–20.
  - Keeney, R. L., J. R. Beley, P. Fleischauer, C. W. Kirkwood, and A. Sicherman. “DECISION FRAMEWORK FOR TECHNOLOGY CHOICE - VOLUME 1. A CASE STUDY OF ONE UTILITY'S COAL-NUCLEAR CHOICE.” Electric Power Research Institute (Report) Epri Ea 1 (1981): var-paging.
  - Keeney, Ralph L. “Measurement Scales for Quantifying Attributes.” Behavioral Science 26, no. 1 (January 1981): 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830260103.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L. “Equity and Public Risk.” Operations Research 28, no. 3-part-i (June 1980): 527–34. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.28.3.527.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L. “Utility Functions for Equity and Public Risk.” Management Science 26, no. 4 (April 1980): 345–53. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.26.4.345.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L. “Evaluating Alternatives Involving Potential Fatalities.” Operations Research 28, no. 1 (February 1980): 188–205. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.28.1.188.
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  - Derby, S. L., B. Fischhoff, S. Lichtenstein, P. Slovic, and R. L. Keeney. “DECISION APPROACHES TO RISK CRITERIA.” Proceedings of the Symposium on Waste Management 1 (1980): 139–114.
  - Ford, C. K., R. L. Keeney, and C. W. Kirkwood. “EVALUATING METHODOLOGIES: A PROCEDURE AND APPLICATION TO NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITING METHODOLOGIES.” Manage Sci 25, no. 1 (1979): 1–10.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Decision Analysis - How to Cope with Increasing Complexity.” Management Review 68 (1979): 24–40.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Public risk from potential LNG spills.” Omega 7, no. 4 (1979): 364–66.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Evaluation of proposed storage sites.” Operations Research 27, no. 1 (1979): 48–64.
  - Keeney, R. L., R. B. Kulkarni, and K. Nair. “A risk analysis of an LNG terminal.” Omega 7, no. 3 (1979): 191–205.
  - Keeney, R. L., and A. Lamont. “PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDE POTENTIAL.” Transportation, 1979, 1016–25.
  - Buehring, W. A., W. K. Foell, and R. L. Keeney. “EXAMINING ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT POLICY USING DECISION ANALYSIS.” Energy Syst Policy 2, no. 3 (1978): 341–67.
  - Keeney, R. L. “SURVEY OF MULTIATTRIBUTE UTILITY.,” 1978, 147–53.
  - Keeney, R. L., R. B. Kulkarni, and K. Nair. “Assessing the risk of an LNG terminal.” Technol. Rev. 81, no. 1 (1978): 64–72.
  - Keeney, R. L. “The art of assessing multiattribute utility functions.” Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 19, no. 2 (1977): 267–310.
  - Keeney, R. L., and E. F. Wood. “ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF MULTIATTRIBUTE UTILITY THEORY FOR WATER RESOURCE PLANNING.” Water Resources Research 13, no. 4 (1977): 705–12.
  - Keeney, R. L., and G. A. Robilliard. “Assessing and evaluating environmental impacts at proposed nuclear power plant sites.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 4, no. 2 (1977): 153–66.
  - Keeney, R. L., and K. Nair. “Nuclear siting using decision analysis.” Energy Policy 5, no. 3 (1977): 223–31.
  - Keeney, Ralph L. “A Utility Function for Examining Policy Affecting Salmon on the Skeena River.” Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34, no. 1 (January 1, 1977): 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1139/f77-006.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L., and Keshavan Nair. “Setting goals in a professional service firm.” Long Range Planning 9, no. 3 (June 1976): 54–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-6301(76)80009-x.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L., and Alan Sicherman. “Assessing and analyzing preferences concerning multiple objectives: An interactive computer program.” Behavioral Science 21, no. 3 (May 1976): 173–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830210304.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “GROUP PREFERENCE AXIOMATIZATION WITH CARDINAL UTILITY.” Management Science 23, no. 2 (1976): 140–45.
  - Fishburn, P. C., and R. L. Keeney. “GENERALIZED UTILITY INDEPENDENCE AND SOME IMPLICATIONS.” Operations Research 23, no. 5 (1975): 928–40.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Examining Corporate Policy Using Multiattribute Utility.” Sloan Management Review, 1975, 63–76.
  - Keeney, R. L., D. E. Bell, and J. D. C. Little. “A Market Share Theorem.” Journal of Marketing Research XII (1975): 136–41.
  - Keeney, R. L., and C. W. Kirkwood. “GROUP DECISION MAKING USING CARDINAL SOCIAL WELFARE FUNCTIONS.” Management Science 22, no. 4 (1975): 430–37.
  - Keeney, R. L., and K. Nair. “DECISION ANALYSIS FOR THE SITING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS - THE RELEVANCE OF MULTIATTRIBUTE UTILITY THEORY.” Proceedings of the Ieee 63, no. 3 (1975): 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1975.9776.
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  - Fishburn, P. C., and R. L. Keeney. “Seven independence concepts and continuous multiattribute utility functions.” Journal of Mathematical Psychology 11, no. 3 (1974): 294–327.
  - Keeney, R. L. “MULTIPLICATIVE UTILITY FUNCTIONS.” Operations Research 22, no. 1 (1974): 22–34.
  - Keeney, R. L. “A Utility Function for the Response Times of Engines and Ladders to Fires.” Journal of Urban Analysis 1 (1973): 209–22.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Risk Independence and Multiattributed Utility Functions.” Econometrica, 1973, 27–34.
  - Keeney, R. L. “DECISION ANALYSIS WITH MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES: THE MEXICO CITY AIRPORT.” Bell J Econ Manage Sci 4, no. 1 (1973): 101–17.
  - Neufville, R. D., and R. L. Keeney. “Multiattribute preference analysis for transportation systems evaluation.” Transportation Research 7, no. 1 (1973): 63–76.
  - Keeney, Ralph L. “A Method for Districting Among Facilities.” Operations Research 20, no. 3 (June 1972): 613–18. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.20.3.613.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “ILLUSTRATED PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSING MULTIATTRIBUTED UTILITY FUNCTIONS.” Sloan Manage Rev 14, no. 1 (1972): 37–50.
  - Keeney, R. L., and R. deNeufville. “Systems evaluation through Decision Analysis: Mexico City Airport.” Systems Engineering 3, no. 1 (1972): 875–93.
  - Keeney, Ralph L. “Utility Functions for Multiattributed Consequences.” Management Science 18, no. 5-part-1 (January 1972): 276–87. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.18.5.276.
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  - Keeney, Ralph L. “Utility Independence and Preferences for Multiattributed Consequences.” Operations Research 19, no. 4 (August 1971): 875–93. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.19.4.875.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Assessment of multiattribute preferences.” Science 168, no. 3938 (1970): 1491–92.
  - Keeney, R. L. “On the Trinomial Coefficients.” Mathematical Magazine 42 (1969): 210–12.
  - Keeney, Ralph. “Evaluating Multidimensional Situations Using a Quasi-Separable Utility Function.” Ieee Transactions on Man Machine Systems 9, no. 2 (June 1968): 25–28. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmms.1968.300004.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “quasi-separable utility function.” Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 1968, 551–65.
- Book Sections
  - Keeney, R. L., and D. von Winterfeldt. “A value model for evaluating homeland security decisions.” In Improving Homeland Security Decisions, 344–75, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316676714.015.
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  - Larrick, R. P., J. B. Soll, and R. L. Keeney. “Designing better energy metrics for consumers.” In Energy Accounts: Architectural Representations of Energy, Climate, and the Future, 29–41, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315690995.
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  - Keeney, R. L. “Value-Driven Expert Systems for Decision Support.” In Expert Judgment and Expert Systems, edited by J. L. Mumpower, J. L. Phillips LD, O. Renn, and V. R. R. Uppuluri, 405–12. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
  - Keeney, R. L. “The Analysis of Risks of Fatalities.” In Risk Evaluation and Management, edited by V. T. Covello, J. Menkes, and J. Mumpower, 233–48. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Quantifying Corporate Preferences for Policy Analysis.” In Multiple Criteria Decision Making From Early History to the 21st Century, edited by H. Thiriez and S. Zionts, 293–304. World Scientific, 2011.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Thinking Clearly about Policy Decisions.” In The Irrational Economist Making Decisions in a Dangerous World, edited by E. Michel-Kerjan and P. Slovic, 239–47. PublicAffairs, 2010.
  - Keeney, R. L., and D. E. Bell. “Altruistic Utility Functions for Joint Decisions.” In The Mathematics of Preference, Choice and Order Essays in Honor of Peter C. Fishburn, 27–38. Springer Science & Business Media, 2009.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Developing Objectives and Attributes.” In Advances in Decision Analysis From Foundations to Applications, edited by W. Edwards, R. F. Miles, and D. von Winterfeldt, 104–28. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  - Keeney, R. L., and D. von Winterfeldt. “Practical Value Models.” In Advances in Decision Analysis From Foundations to Applications, edited by W. Edwards, R. F. Miles, and D. von Winterfeldt, 232–52. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Developing objectives and attributes.” In Advances in Decision Analysis: From Foundations to Applications, 104–28, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511611308.008.
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  - Keeney, R. L., and D. von Winterfeldt. “Practical value models.” In Advances in Decision Analysis: From Foundations to Applications, 232–52, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511611308.014.
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  - Keeney, R. L., and R. M. Oliver. “Improving Lender Offers Using Consumer Preferences.” In Readings in Credit Scoring Foundations, Developments, and Aims, edited by L. C. Thomas, D. B. Edelman, and J. N. Crook, 73–88. Oxford University Press on Demand, 2004.
  - Keeney, R. L., J. S. Hammond, and H. Raiffa. “Even Swaps: A Rational Method for Making Trade-offs.” In Research and Practice in Multiple Criteria Decision Making Proceedings of the XIVth International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, June 8–12, 1998, 1–14. Springer Science & Business Media, 2000.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Public Values and Public Policy.” In Decision Science and Technology Reflections on the Contributions of Ward Edwards, 291–312. Springer Science & Business Media, 1999.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Value-Focused Thinking.” In The Technology Management Handbook, 9:1-9.5. CRC Press, 1998.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Valuing Billions of Dollars.” In Wise Choices Decisions, Games, and Negotiations, edited by R. Zeckhauser, R. L. Keeney, and J. K. Sebenius, 63–80. Harvard Business Press, 1996.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Valuing Billions of Dollars.” In Wise Choices Decisions, Games, and Negotiations, edited by R. Zeckhauser, R. L. Keeney, and J. K. Sebenius, 63–80. Harvard Business Press, 1996.
  - Keeney, R. L. “On the Foundations of Prescriptive Decision Analysis.” In Utility Theories: Measurements and Applications, edited by W. Edwards, 57–72. Springer, 1992.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Structuring and Analyzing Values for Multiple-Issue Negotiations.” In Negotiation Analysis, edited by P. Young, 131–51. Univ of Michigan Pr, 1991.
  - Keeney, R. L. “The Analysis and its Role for Selecting Nuclear Repository Sites.” In Operational Research ’87 Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Operational Research : Actes de l’Onzième Conférence Internationale de Recherche Opérationnelle de l’IFORS, Buenos Aires, Argentina, August 10-14, 1987, edited by G. K. Rand, 686–701. North Holland, 1988.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Evaluating Mortality Risks from an Organizational Perspective.” In The Value of Life and Safety Proceedings of a Conference Held by the “Geneva Association” : Collection of Papers Presented at the Geneva Conference on the Value of Life and Safety Held at the University of Geneva, 30th, 31st March and 1st April 1981, edited by M. W. Jones-Lee, 217–27. North-Holland, 1982.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Siting Major Facilities Using Decision Analysis.” In Operational Research ’81 Proceedings of the Ninth IFORS International Conference on Operational Research, Hamburg, Germany, July 20-24, 1981, 1105–20. North Holland, 1981.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Decision Analysis.” In Handbook of Operations Research: Foundations and Fundamentals, edited by J. J. Moder and S. E. Elmaghraby, 423–50, 1978.
  - Keeney, R. L., and G. L. Lilien. “A Utility Model for Product Positioning.” In Multiple Criteria Problem Solving Proceedings of a Conference, Buffalo, N.Y. (U.S.A.), August 22-26, 1977, edited by S. Zionts, 321–34. Springer, 1978.
  - Keeney, R. L. “A Preliminary Model of Adversary Preferences.” In Proceedings Lawrence Symposium on Systems and Decision Sciences, October 3-4, 1978, Lawrence Hall of Science, Berkeley, California, 187–93, 1977.
  - Keeney, R. L., and W. A. Buehring. “Selecting Nuclear Power Plant Sites in the Pacific Northwest Using Decision Analysis.” In Conflicting Objectives in Decisions, edited by W. K. Foell. John Wiley & Sons, 1977.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Multiattribute Utility Analysis: A Brief Survey.” In Systems Theory in the Social Sciences Stochastic and Control Systems, Pattern Recognition, Fuzzy Analysis, Simulation, Behavioral Models, edited by H. Bossel, S. Klaczko, and N. Muller, 534–50. Springer, 1976.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Aspects of Multiple-Objective Evaluation at IIASA.” In IIASA Conference ’76 10-13 May, 1976, 1976.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Decision Analysis of Environmental Problems.” In Systems Approaches and Environmental Problems, edited by H. W. Gottinger, 275–89, 1974.
  - Keeney, R. L. “Concepts of Independence in Multiattribute Utility Theory.” In Multiple Criteria Decision Making, edited by J. Cochrane and M. Zeleny, 62–71. Univ of South Carolina Pr, 1973.
  - Keeney, R. L., and H. Ellis. “A Rational Approach for Government Decisions Concerning Air Pollution.” In Analysis of Public Systems, edited by A. W. Drake and P. N. Morse, 376–400. MIT Press (MA), 1972.
  - Keeney, R. L., and H. Raiffa. “A Critique of Formal Analysis in Public Decision Making.” In Analysis of Public Systems, 64–75. MIT Press (MA), 1972.
  - Keeney, R. L., and R. deNeufville. “Use of Decision Analysis for Airport Development for Mexico City.” In Analysis of Public Systems, edited by A. W. Drake and P. N. Morse, 497–519. MIT Press (MA), 1972.
  - Keeney, R. L., and D. von Winterfeldt. “An Evaluation of Our National Policy to Manage Nuclear Waste from Power Plants.” In Essays in Decision Making, 371–90, n.d.
- Conference Papers
  - Keeney, R. L. “Understanding and using the group decision analysis model.” In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 218:77–86, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19515-5_6.
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