Ralph L. Keeney | Scholars@Duke

Ralph L. Keeney
Research Professor Emeritus

Ralph L. Keeney received Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is Research Professor Emeritus of Business Administration, Duke University, and Research Professor Emeritus of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California. His areas of expertise are the decision sciences, risk analysis, and systems management. He is an authority on decision analysis, decision making with multiple objectives, and value-focused thinking. During his professional career, Dr. Keeney has consulted on a wide range of decisions including corporate management problems, public policy, environmental problems, and energy decisions. He has been a consultant for several organizations including Fair Isaac, Seagate Technology, American Express, British Columbia Hydro, Pacific Gas and Electric, BC Gas , Kaiser Permanente, Hewlett-Packard, the Electric Power Research Institute, Greater Vancouver Regional District, Energie Baden-Wuerttemberg AG (Germany), Ministry of Public Works (Mexico), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Austria), U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Professor Keeney's books, which have been translated into numerous languages, include Decisions with Multiple Objectives with Howard Raiffa (1976, 1993), ValueFocused Thinking: A Path to Creative Decisionmaking (1992), and Smart Choices: A Practical Guide to Making Better Decisions, with John S. Hammond and Howard Raiffa (1999). He recently received an honorary doctorate from the University of Waterloo in Canada and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering of the U.S.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Research Professor Emeritus, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University 2012

Contact Information

Box 90120, Durham, NC 27708-0120
W322 Fuqua Sch Of Bus, Durham, NC 27708
keeney@duke.edu (919) 660-7928
Fuqua Faculty Profile

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1969
- B.S., University of California at Los Angeles 1966
Duke Appointment History
- Research Professor of Business Administration, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University 2002 - 2012
Recognition
Awards & Honors
Expertise
Global Scholarship
- Teaching
  - Austria (Country)
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Book Sections
  - Keeney, RL. "Value-Driven Expert Systems for Decision Support." In Expert Judgment and Expert Systems, edited by JL Mumpower, Phillips LD, O Renn, and VRR Uppuluri, 405-412. Springer Science & Business Media, December 6, 2012. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "The Analysis of Risks of Fatalities." In Risk Evaluation and Management, edited by VT Covello, J Menkes, and J Mumpower, 233-248. Springer Science & Business Media, December 6, 2012. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Quantifying Corporate Preferences for Policy Analysis." In Multiple Criteria Decision Making From Early History to the 21st Century, edited by H Thiriez and S Zionts, 293-304. World Scientific, June 2011. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Thinking Clearly about Policy Decisions." In The Irrational Economist Making Decisions in a Dangerous World, edited by E Michel-Kerjan and P Slovic, 239-247. PublicAffairs, January 1, 2010. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL, and Bell, DE. "Altruistic Utility Functions for Joint Decisions." In The Mathematics of Preference, Choice and Order Essays in Honor of Peter C. Fishburn, 27-38. Springer Science & Business Media, February 11, 2009. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL, and von Winterfeldt, D. "Practical Value Models." In Advances in Decision Analysis From Foundations to Applications, edited by W Edwards, RF Miles, and D von Winterfeldt, 232-252. Cambridge University Press, July 23, 2007. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Developing Objectives and Attributes." In Advances in Decision Analysis From Foundations to Applications, edited by W Edwards, RF Miles, and D von Winterfeldt, 104-128. Cambridge University Press, July 23, 2007. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL, and von Winterfeldt, D. "Practical value models." In Advances in Decision Analysis: From Foundations to Applications, 232-252. January 1, 2007. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Developing objectives and attributes." In Advances in Decision Analysis: From Foundations to Applications, 104-128. January 1, 2007. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and Oliver, RM. "Improving Lender Offers Using Consumer Preferences." In Readings in Credit Scoring Foundations, Developments, and Aims, edited by LC Thomas, DB Edelman, and JN Crook, 73-88. Oxford University Press on Demand, 2004. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL, Hammond, JS, and Raiffa, H. "Even Swaps: A Rational Method for Making Trade-offs." In Research and Practice in Multiple Criteria Decision Making Proceedings of the XIVth International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, June 8–12, 1998, 1-14. Springer Science & Business Media, May 26, 2000. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Public Values and Public Policy." In Decision Science and Technology Reflections on the Contributions of Ward Edwards, 291-312. Springer Science & Business Media, February 28, 1999. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Value-Focused Thinking." In The Technology Management Handbook, 1-9.5. CRC Press, July 27, 1998. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Valuing Billions of Dollars." In Wise Choices Decisions, Games, and Negotiations, edited by R Zeckhauser, RL Keeney, and JK Sebenius, 63-80. Harvard Business Press, 1996. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Valuing Billions of Dollars." In Wise Choices Decisions, Games, and Negotiations, edited by R Zeckhauser, RL Keeney, and JK Sebenius, 63-80. Harvard Business Press, 1996. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "On the Foundations of Prescriptive Decision Analysis." In Utility Theories: Measurements and Applications, edited by W Edwards, 57-72. Springer, October 31, 1992. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Structuring and Analyzing Values for Multiple-Issue Negotiations." In Negotiation analysis, edited by P Young, 131-151. Univ of Michigan Pr, 1991. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "The Analysis and its Role for Selecting Nuclear Repository Sites." In Operational research '87 proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Operational Research : actes de l'Onzième Conférence internationale de recherche opérationnelle de l'IFORS, Buenos Aires, Argentina, August 10-14, 1987, edited by GK Rand, 686-701. North Holland, 1988. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Evaluating Mortality Risks from an Organizational Perspective." In The value of life and safety proceedings of a conference held by the "Geneva Association" : collection of papers presented at the Geneva Conference on the Value of Life and Safety held at the University of Geneva, 30th, 31st March and 1st April 1981, edited by MW Jones-Lee, 217-227. North-Holland, 1982. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Siting Major Facilities Using Decision Analysis." In Operational research '81 proceedings of the ninth IFORS International Conference on Operational Research, Hamburg, Germany, July 20-24, 1981, 1105-1120. North Holland, 1981. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL, and Lilien, GL. "A Utility Model for Product Positioning." In Multiple criteria problem solving proceedings of a conference, Buffalo, N.Y. (U.S.A.), August 22-26, 1977, edited by S Zionts, 321-334. Springer, 1978. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Decision Analysis." In Handbook of Operations Research: Foundations and fundamentals, edited by JJ Moder and SE Elmaghraby, 423-450. 1978. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL, and Buehring, WA. "Selecting Nuclear Power Plant Sites in the Pacific Northwest Using Decision Analysis." In Conflicting Objectives in Decisions, edited by WK Foell. John Wiley & Sons, 1977. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "A Preliminary Model of Adversary Preferences." In Proceedings Lawrence Symposium on Systems and Decision Sciences, October 3-4, 1978, Lawrence Hall of Science, Berkeley, California, 187-193. 1977. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Multiattribute Utility Analysis: A Brief Survey." In Systems theory in the social sciences stochastic and control systems, pattern recognition, fuzzy analysis, simulation, behavioral models, edited by H Bossel, S Klaczko, and N Muller, 534-550. Springer, 1976. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Aspects of Multiple-Objective Evaluation at IIASA." In IIASA Conference '76 10-13 May, 1976. 1976. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Decision Analysis of Environmental Problems." In Systems approaches and environmental problems, edited by HW Gottinger, 275-289. 1974. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL. "Concepts of Independence in Multiattribute Utility Theory." In Multiple criteria decision making, edited by J Cochrane and M Zeleny, 62-71. Univ of South Carolina Pr, 1973. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL, and Ellis, H. "A Rational Approach for Government Decisions Concerning Air Pollution." In Analysis of Public Systems, edited by AW Drake and PN Morse, 376-400. MIT Press (MA), January 1972. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL, and Raiffa, H. "A Critique of Formal Analysis in Public Decision Making." In Analysis of Public Systems, 64-75. MIT Press (MA), January 1972. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL, and deNeufville, R. "Use of Decision Analysis for Airport Development for Mexico City." In Analysis of Public Systems, edited by AW Drake and PN Morse, 497-519. MIT Press (MA), January 1972. (Chapter)
  - Keeney, RL, and von Winterfeldt, D. "An Evaluation of Our National Policy to Manage Nuclear Waste from Power Plants." In Essays in Decision Making, 371-390.. (Chapter)
- Conference Papers
  - Keeney, RL. "Understanding and using the group decision analysis model." January 1, 2015. Full Text
- Journal Articles
  - Gregory, R, and Keeney, RL. "A Practical Approach to Address Uncertainty in Stakeholder Deliberations." Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis 37, no. 3 (March 2017): 487-501. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Remembering Howard Raiffa." Decision Analysis 13, no. 3 (September 2016): 213-218. Full Text
  - Siebert, J, and Keeney, RL. "Creating More and Better Alternatives for Decisions Using Objectives." Operations Research 63, no. 5 (October 2015): 1144-1158. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and Palley, AB. "Decision strategies to reduce teenage and young adult deaths in the United States." Risk Anal 33, no. 9 (September 2013): 1661-1676. Full Text Link to Item
  - Keeney, RL. "Identifying, prioritizing, and using multiple objectives." EURO Journal on Decision Processes 1, no. 1-2 (June 2013): 45-67. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Foundations for Group Decision Analysis." DECISION ANALYSIS 10, no. 2 (June 2013): 103-120. Full Text Link to Item
  - Morais, DC, Alencar, LH, Costa, APCS, and Keeney, RL. "Using value-focused thinking in Brazil." Pesquisa Operacional 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 73-88. Full Text
  - Soll, JB, Keeney, RL, and Larrick, RP. "Consumer Misunderstanding of Credit Card Use, Payments, and Debt: Causes and Solutions." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC POLICY & MARKETING 32, no. 1 (2013): 66-81. Full Text Link to Item
  - Keeney, RL. "Value-Focused Brainstorming." DECISION ANALYSIS 9, no. 4 (December 2012): 303-313. Full Text Link to Item
  - Keeney, RL, and von Winterfeldt, D. "A value model for evaluating homeland security decisions." Risk Anal 31, no. 9 (September 2011): 1470-1487. Full Text Link to Item
  - Keeney, RL, and Nau, R. "A theorem for Bayesian group decisions." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 43, no. 1 (2011): 1-17. Full Text
  - Bond, SD, Carlson, KA, and Keeney, RL. "Improving the generation of decision objectives." Decision Analysis 7, no. 3 (2010): 238-255. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "The Foundations of Collaborative Group Decisions." International Journal of Collaborative Engineering 1, no. 1/2 (2009): 4-18.
  - Bond, SD, Carlson, KA, and Keeney, RL. "Generating objectives: Can decision makers articulate what they want?." Management Science 54, no. 1 (2008): 56-70. Full Text
  - Carlson, KA, Janiszewski, C, Keeney, RL, Krantz, DH, Kunreuther, HC, Luce, MF, Russo, JE, Osselaer, SMJV, and Winterfeldt, DV. "A theoretical framework for goal-based choice and for prescriptive analysis." Marketing Letters 19, no. 3-4 (2008): 241-254. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Personal decisions are the leading cause of death." Operations Research 56, no. 6 (2008): 1335-1347. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Applying value-focused thinking." Military Operations Research 13, no. 2 (2008): 6-17.
  - Kornish, LJ, and Keeney, RL. "Repeated commit-or-defer decisions with a deadline: The influenza vaccine composition." Operations Research 56, no. 3 (2008): 527-541. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and Vernik, DA. "Analysis of the Biological Clock Decision." 4, no. 3 (September 2007): 114-135.
  - Keeney, RL. "Modeling values for anti-terrorism analysis." Risk Anal 27, no. 3 (June 2007): 585-596. Full Text Link to Item
  - Keeney, RL, and Vernik, DA. "Analysis of the Biological Clock Problem." Decision Analysis 4 (2007): 117-135.
  - Keeney, RL. "Using preferences for multi-attributed alternatives." Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis 14, no. 4-6 (July 2006): 169-174. Full Text
  - Hammond, JS, Keeney, RL, and Raiffa, H. "The hidden traps in decision making." Harvard Business Review 84, no. 1 (2006): 118-126+134.
  - KEENEY, RALPHL. "ELICITING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT VALUES FOR PUBLIC POLICY DECISIONS." International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making 05, no. 04 (2006): 739-749.
  - KEENEY, RL. "ELICITING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT VALUES FOR PUBLIC POLICY DECISIONS." International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making 05, no. 04 (2006): 739-749.
  - Keeney, RL, See, KE, and Winterfeldt, DV. "Evaluating academic programs: With applications to U.S. graduate decision science programs." Operations Research 54, no. 5 (2006): 813-828. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Eliciting knowledge about values for public policy decisions." International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making 5, no. 4 (2006): 739-749. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and Gregory, RS. "Selecting attributes to measure the achievement of objectives." Operations Research 53, no. 1 (2005): 1-11. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and Oliver, RM. "Designing win-win financial loan products for consumers and businesses." Journal of the Operational Research Society 56, no. 9 (2005): 1030-1040. Full Text
  - Smith, JE, and Keeney, RL. "Your money or your life: A prescriptive model for health, safety, and consumption decisions." Management Science 51, no. 9 (2005): 1309-1325. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Making Better Decision Makers." Decision Analysis 1, no. 4 (December 2004): 193-204. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Communicating About Decisions." Decision Analysis 1, no. 2 (June 2004): 82-83. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Framing public policy decisions." International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management 4, no. 2 (2004): 95-115. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Stimulating creative design alternatives using customer values." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews 34, no. 4 (2004): 450-459. Full Text
  - Gregory, RS, and Keeney, RL. "Making smarter environmental management decisions." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 38, no. 6 (2002): 1601-1612.
  - Keeney, RL. "Common mistakes in making value trade-offs." Operations Research 50, no. 6 (2002): 935-945+1077.
  - Keeney, RL, and Winterfeldt, DV. "Appraising the precautionary principle – a decision analysis perspective." Journal of Risk Research 4, no. 2 (April 2001): 191-202. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and McDaniels, TL. "A framework to guide thinking and analysis regarding climate change policies." Risk Analysis 21, no. 6 (2001): 989-1000. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Countering Terrorism: The Clash of Values." ORMS Today 28, no. 6 (2001): 20-22.
  - Keeney, RL. "Modeling values for telecommunications management." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 48, no. 3 (2001): 370-379. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and Lin, Q. "Evaluating Customer Acquisition at American Express Using Multiple Objectives." Interfaces 30, no. 5 (2000): 31-33.
  - Keeney, RL. "making better decisions faster." ORMS Today 27, no. 3 (2000): 36-37.
  - Hammond, JS, Keeney, RL, and Raiffa, H. "Management in Action: The Hidden Traps in Decision Making." Clinical Leadership and Management Review 13, no. 1 (1999): 39-47.
  - Hammond, JS, and Keeney, RL. "Making smart choices in engineering." IEEE Spectrum 36, no. 11 (1999): 71-76. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and McDaniels, TL. "Identifying and structuring values to guide integrated resource planning at BC gas." Operations Research 47, no. 5 (1999): 651-662.
  - Keeney, RL. "Developing a foundation for strategy at Seagate Software." Interfaces 29, no. 6 (1999): 4-15.
  - Keeney, RL. "Value of internet commerce to the customer." Management Science 45, no. 4 (1999): 533-542.
  - Keeney, RL. "Foundations for making smart decisions." IIE Solutions 31, no. 5 (1999): 25-30.
  - Gray, GM, Allen, JC, Burmaster, DE, Gage, SH, Hammitt, JK, Kaplan, S, Keeney, RL, Morse, JG, North, DW, Nyrop, JP, and al, E. "Principles for conduct of pest risk analyses: Report of an expert workshop." Risk Analysis 18, no. 6 (1998): 773-780. Full Text
  - Hammond, JS, Keeney, RL, and Raiffa, H. "The hidden traps in decision making." Harvard business review 76, no. 5 (1998): 47-passim.
  - Hammond, JS, Keeney, RL, and Raiffa, H. "Even swaps: a rational method for making trade-offs." Harvard business review 76, no. 2 (1998): 137-150.
  - Keeney, RL, Hammond, JS, and Raiffa, H. "The Core Ideas for Better Decision-Making." ORMS Today 25, no. 6 (1998): 8-9.
  - Keeney, RL. "Modeling values for managing service enterprises." Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 5 (1998): 4746-4751.
  - Keeney, RL. "Evaluating electromagnetic field implications of a transmission-line moratorium." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 44, no. 3 (1997): 268-275. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Estimating Fatalities Induced by the Economic Costs of Regulations." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 14, no. 1 (1997): 5-23.
  - Keeney, RL, McDaniels, TL, and Ridge-Cooney, VL. "Using values in planning wastewater facilities for Metropolitan Seattle." Water Resources Bulletin 32, no. 2 (1996): 293-303.
  - Keeney, RL. "Value-focused thinking: Identifying decision opportunities and creating alternatives." European Journal of Operational Research 92, no. 3 (1996): 537-549. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "The role of values in risk management." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , no. 545 (1996): 126-133.
  - Keeney, RL, McDaniels, TL, and Swoveland, C. "Evaluating improvements in electric utility reliability at British Columbia hydro." Operations Research 43, no. 6 (1995): 933-947.
  - Keeney, RL. "Understanding life-threatening risks." Risk Analysis 15, no. 6 (1995): 627-637. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Using Values in Operations Research." Operations Research 42, no. 5 (October 1994): 793-813. Full Text
  - Gregory, R, and Keeney, RL. "Creating policy alternatives using stakeholder values." Management Science 40, no. 8 (1994): 1035-1038.
  - Keeney, RL, and Winterfeldt, DV. "Managing nuclear waste from power plants." Risk Analysis 14, no. 1 (1994): 107-130.
  - Keeney, RL. "Creativity in Decision Making with Value-Focused Thinking." Sloan management review 35, no. 4 (1994): 33-41.
  - Keeney, RL. "Decisions about life-threatening risks." New England Journal of Medicine 331, no. 3 (1994): 193-196. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Mortality risks induced by the costs of regulations." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 8, no. 1 (1994): 95-110. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Establishing research objectives to address issues of climate change." Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 28, no. 1 (1994): 1-8.
  - Smith, VK, Epp, DJ, Schwabe, KA, Chapman, KS, Hariharan, G, and Keeney, RL. "Errata." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 8, no. 3 (1994): 319-321. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Value-Focused Thinking: Creativity Directed Toward Decision Making." Interfaces 23, no. 3 (1993): 62-67.
  - Keeney, RL, and McDaniels, TL. "Value-Focused Thinking about Strategic Decisions at BC Hydro." Interfaces 22, no. 6 (December 1992): 94-109. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, Gregory, R, and von Winterfeldt, D. "Adapting the Environmental Impact Statement Process to Inform Decision Makers." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 11, no. 1 (1992): 58-75.
  - Keeney, RL, and Winterfeldt, DV. "Eliciting probabilities from experts in complex technical problems." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 38, no. 3 (1991): 191-201. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and von, DW. "A prescriptive risk framework for individual health and safety decisions." Risk Analysis 11, no. 3 (1991): 523-533.
  - Ortiz, NR, Wheeler, TA, Breeding, RJ, Hora, S, Meyer, MA, and Keeney, RL. "Use of expert judgment in NUREG-1150." Nuclear Engineering and Design 126, no. 3 (1991): 313-331.
  - Keeney, RL, von Winterfeldt, D, and Eppel, T. "Eliciting Public Values for Complex Policy Decisions." Management Science 36, no. 9 (September 1990): 1011-1030. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Mortality risks induced by economic expenditures." Risk Analysis 10, no. 1 (1990): 147-159. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and Winterfeldt, DV. "On the uses of expert judgment on complex technical problems." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 36, no. 2 (1989): 83-86.
  - Keeney, RL. "Building models of values." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 12, no. 9 (1989): 1176--.
  - Keeney, RL, Möhring, RH, Otway, H, Radermacher, FJ, and Richter, MM. "Design aspects of advanced decision support systems." Decision Support Systems 4, no. 4 (1988): 381-385.
  - Keeney, RL, Möhring, RH, Otway, H, Radermacher, FJ, and Richter, MM. "Preface." Annals of Operations Research 16, no. 1 (1988): IX-XII. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and Winterfeldt, DV. "Probabilities are useful to quantify expert judgments." Reliability Engineering and System Safety 23, no. 4 (1988): 293-298.
  - Keeney, RL. "Value-driven expert systems for decision support." Decision Support Systems 4, no. 4 (1988): 405-412.
  - Keeney, RL. "Building models of values." European Journal of Operational Research 37, no. 2 (1988): 149-157.
  - Keeney, RL. "STRUCTURING OBJECTIVES FOR PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC INTEREST." Operations Research 36, no. 3 (1988): 396-405.
  - Keeney, RL. "Facts to guide thinking about life-threatening risks." (1988): 326-329.
  - Keeney, RL, Renn, O, and Winterfeldt, DV. "Structuring West Germany's energy objectives." Energy Policy 15, no. 4 (1987): 352-362.
  - Keeney, RL, and Lilien, GL. "New industrial product design and evaluation using multiattribute value analysis." The Journal of Product Innovation Management 4, no. 3 (1987): 185-198.
  - Keeney, RL. "An analysis of the portfolio of sites to characterize for selecting a nuclear repository." Risk Analysis 7, no. 2 (1987): 195-218.
  - Merkhofer, MW, and Keeney, RL. "A multiattribute utility analysis of alternative sites for the disposal of nuclear waste." Risk Analysis 7, no. 2 (1987): 173-194.
  - Keeney, RL, and von Winterfeldt, D. "Why Indirect Health Risks of Regulations Should be Examined." Interfaces 16, no. 6 (December 1986): 13-27. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, Lathrop, JF, and Sicherman, A. "ANALYSIS OF BALTIMORE GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY'S TECHNOLOGY CHOICE." Operations Research 34, no. 1 (1986): 18-39.
  - Keeney, RL, and Winterfeldt, DV. "Improving risk communication." Risk Analysis 6, no. 4 (1986): 417-424.
  - Cohen, MD, Huber, G, Keeney, RL, Levis, AH, Lopes, LL, Sage, AP, Sen, S, Whinston, AB, Winkler, RL, Winterfeldt, DV, and al, E. "RESEARCH NEEDS AND THE PHENOMENA OF DECISIONMAKING AND OPERATIONS." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics SMC-15, no. 6 (1985): 764-775.
  - Keeney, RL, Sicherman, A, and Smith, GR. "Analyzing radionuclide emissions from coal-fired power plants." Interfaces 15, no. 5 (1985): 12-24.
  - Keeney, RL, and Winkler, RL. "EVALUATING DECISION STRATEGIES FOR EQUITY OF PUBLIC RISKS." Operations Research 33, no. 5 (1985): 955-970.
  - Keeney, RL. "Issues in evaluating risks of fatalities." Environmental impact assessment, technology assessment, and risk analysis. Proc., Les Arcs, 1983 (1985): 519-534.
  - Keeney, RL, Sarin, RK, and Winkler, RL. "Analysis of alternative national ambient carbon monoxide standards." Management Science 30, no. 4 (1984): 518-528.
  - Keeney, RL. "Ethics, decision analysis, and public risk." Risk Analysis 4, no. 2 (1984): 117-129.
  - Keeney, RL. "Structuring public utility functions." Operations Research Letters 3, no. 1 (1984): 1-4.
  - Keeney, RL. "A Technology Choice for Model Electricity Generation." The Energy Journal 4, no. 01 (September 1, 1983). Full Text
  - Fryback, DG, and Keeney, RL. "CONSTRUCTING A COMPLEX JUDGMENTAL MODEL: AN INDEX OF TRAUMA SEVERITY." Management Science 29, no. 8 (1983): 869-883.
  - Keeney, RL, Sarin, RK, and Winkler, RL. "RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF ALTERNATIVE NATIONAL AMBIENT CARBON MONOXIDE STANDARDS." Proceedings, Annual Meeting - Air Pollution Control Association 1 (1983).
  - Keeney, RL, and Sicherman, A. "ILLUSTRATIVE COMPARISON OF ONE UTILITY'S COAL AND NUCLEAR CHOICES." Operations Research 31, no. 1 (1983): 50-83.
  - Keeney, RL. "ISSUES IN EVALUATING STANDARDS." Interfaces (Providence, Rhode Island) 13, no. 2 (1983): 12-22.
  - Keeney, RL. "Evaluation of Mortality Risks for Institutional Decisions." Advances in Psychology 14, no. C (1983): 23-38. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "POTENTIAL RESEARCH TOPICS IN DECISION ANALYSIS*." Decision Sciences 13, no. 4 (October 1982): 547-550. Full Text
  - KEENEY, RL. "DECISION ANALYSIS: AN OVERVIEW." OPER RES V 30, no. N 5 (1982): 803-838.
  - Keeney, RL, and Baecher, GB. "Statistical Examination of Resevoir-Induced Seismicity Data." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 72, no. 2 (1982): 553-569.
  - Keeney, RL, and Ozernoy, VM. "ILLUSTRATIVE ANALYSIS OF AMBIENT CARBON MONOXIDE STANDARDS." Journal of the Operational Research Society 33, no. 4 (1982): 365-375.
  - Keeney, RL, and Smith, GR. "STRUCTURING OBJECTIVES FOR EVALUATING POSSIBLE NUCLEAR MATERIAL CONTROL AND ACCOUNTING REGULATIONS." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics SMC-12, no. 6 (1982): 743-750.
  - Keeney, RL. "TUTORIAL: DECISION ANALYSIS." Proceedings - Annual Meeting of the American Institute for Decision Sciences 2 (1982): 289--.
  - Derby, SL, and Keeney, RL. "Risk analysis: understanding 'how safe is safe enough?'." Risk Analysis 1, no. 3 (1981): 217-224.
  - Keeney, RL, Beley, JR, Fleischauer, P, Kirkwood, CW, and Sicherman, A. "DECISION FRAMEWORK FOR TECHNOLOGY CHOICE - VOLUME 1. A CASE STUDY OF ONE UTILITY'S COAL-NUCLEAR CHOICE." Electric Power Research Institute (Report) EPRI EA 1 (1981): var-paging.
  - Keeney, RL. "Formal Analysis Including Value Judgments and Public Risk." Toxic Substances Journal 3 (1981): 8-22.
  - Keeney, RL. "Measurement Scales for Quantifying Attributes." Behavioral Science 26, no. 1 (January 1981): 29-36. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "ANALYSIS OF PREFERENCE DEPENDENCIES AMONG OBJECTIVES." Operations Research 29, no. 6 (1981): 1105-1120.
  - Keeney, RL. "Equity and Public Risk." Operations Research 28, no. 3-part-i (June 1980): 527-534. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Utility Functions for Equity and Public Risk." Management Science 26, no. 4 (April 1980): 345-353. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Evaluating Alternatives Involving Potential Fatalities." Operations Research 28, no. 1 (February 1980): 188-205. Full Text
  - Derby, SL, Fischhoff, B, Lichtenstein, S, Slovic, P, and Keeney, RL. "DECISION APPROACHES TO RISK CRITERIA." Proceedings of the Symposium on Waste Management 1 (1980): 139-114.
  - Ford, CK, Keeney, RL, and Kirkwood, CW. "EVALUATING METHODOLOGIES: A PROCEDURE AND APPLICATION TO NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SITING METHODOLOGIES." Manage Sci 25, no. 1 (1979): 1-10.
  - Keeney, RL, Kulkarni, RB, and Nair, K. "A risk analysis of an LNG terminal." Omega 7, no. 3 (1979): 191-205.
  - Keeney, RL, and Lamont, A. "PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDE POTENTIAL." Transportation (1979): 1016-1025.
  - Keeney, RL. "Decision Analysis - How to Cope with Increasing Complexity." Management Review 68 (1979): 24-40.
  - Keeney, RL. "Public risk from potential LNG spills." Omega 7, no. 4 (1979): 364-366.
  - Keeney, RL. "Evaluation of proposed storage sites." Operations Research 27, no. 1 (1979): 48-64.
  - Buehring, WA, Foell, WK, and Keeney, RL. "EXAMINING ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT POLICY USING DECISION ANALYSIS." Energy Syst Policy 2, no. 3 (1978): 341-367.
  - Keeney, RL, Kulkarni, RB, and Nair, K. "Assessing the risk of an LNG terminal." TECHNOL. REV. 81, no. 1 (1978): 64-72.
  - Keeney, RL. "SURVEY OF MULTIATTRIBUTE UTILITY." (1978): 147-153.
  - Keeney, RL, and Nair, K. "Nuclear siting using decision analysis." Energy Policy 5, no. 3 (1977): 223-231.
  - Keeney, RL, and Robilliard, GA. "Assessing and evaluating environmental impacts at proposed nuclear power plant sites." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 4, no. 2 (1977): 153-166.
  - Keeney, RL, and Wood, EF. "ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF MULTIATTRIBUTE UTILITY THEORY FOR WATER RESOURCE PLANNING." Water Resources Research 13, no. 4 (1977): 705-712.
  - Keeney, RL. "A Utility Function for Examining Policy Affecting Salmon on the Skeena River." Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34, no. 1 (January 1977): 49-63. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "The art of assessing multiattribute utility functions." Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 19, no. 2 (1977): 267-310.
  - Keeney, RL, and Nair, K. "Setting goals in a professional service firm." Long Range Planning 9, no. 3 (June 1976): 54-59. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and Sicherman, A. "Assessing and analyzing preferences concerning multiple objectives: An interactive computer program." Behavioral Science 21, no. 3 (May 1976): 173-182. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "GROUP PREFERENCE AXIOMATIZATION WITH CARDINAL UTILITY." Management Science 23, no. 2 (1976): 140-145.
  - Fishburn, PC, and Keeney, RL. "GENERALIZED UTILITY INDEPENDENCE AND SOME IMPLICATIONS." Operations Research 23, no. 5 (1975): 928-940.
  - Keeney, RL, Bell, DE, and Little, JDC. "A Market Share Theorem." Journal of Marketing Research XII (1975): 136-141.
  - Keeney, RL, and Kirkwood, CW. "GROUP DECISION MAKING USING CARDINAL SOCIAL WELFARE FUNCTIONS." Management Science 22, no. 4 (1975): 430-437.
  - Keeney, RL, and Nair, K. "DECISION ANALYSIS FOR THE SITING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS - THE RELEVANCE OF MULTIATTRIBUTE UTILITY THEORY." Proceedings of the IEEE 63, no. 3 (1975): 494-501. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Examining Corporate Policy Using Multiattribute Utility." Sloan management review (1975): 63-76.
  - Fishburn, PC, and Keeney, RL. "Seven independence concepts and continuous multiattribute utility functions." Journal of Mathematical Psychology 11, no. 3 (1974): 294-327.
  - Keeney, RL. "MULTIPLICATIVE UTILITY FUNCTIONS." Operations Research 22, no. 1 (1974): 22-34.
  - Keeney, RL. "A Utility Function for the Response Times of Engines and Ladders to Fires." Journal of Urban Analysis 1 (1973): 209-222.
  - Keeney, RL. "Risk Independence and Multiattributed Utility Functions." Econometrica (1973): 27-34.
  - Keeney, RL. "DECISION ANALYSIS WITH MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES: THE MEXICO CITY AIRPORT." Bell J Econ Manage Sci 4, no. 1 (1973): 101-117.
  - Neufville, RD, and Keeney, RL. "Multiattribute preference analysis for transportation systems evaluation." Transportation Research 7, no. 1 (1973): 63-76.
  - Keeney, RL. "A Method for Districting Among Facilities." Operations Research 20, no. 3 (June 1972): 613-618. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL, and deNeufville, R. "Systems evaluation through Decision Analysis: Mexico City Airport." Systems Engineering 3, no. 1 (1972): 875-893.
  - Keeney, RL. "Utility Functions for Multiattributed Consequences." Management Science 18, no. 5-part-1 (January 1972): 276-287. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "ILLUSTRATED PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSING MULTIATTRIBUTED UTILITY FUNCTIONS." Sloan Manage Rev 14, no. 1 (1972): 37-50.
  - Keeney, RL. "Utility Independence and Preferences for Multiattributed Consequences." Operations Research 19, no. 4 (August 1971): 875-893. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "Assessment of multiattribute preferences." Science 168, no. 3938 (1970): 1491-1492.
  - Keeney, RL. "On the Trinomial Coefficients." Mathematical Magazine 42 (1969): 210-212.
  - Keeney, R. "Evaluating Multidimensional Situations Using a Quasi-Separable Utility Function." IEEE Transactions on Man Machine Systems 9, no. 2 (June 1968): 25-28. Full Text
  - Keeney, RL. "quasi-separable utility function." Naval Research Logistics Quarterly (1968): 551-565.

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