Kevin O'Neil Saunders
Associate Professor in Surgery
The Saunders laboratory aims to understand the immunology of HIV-1 antibodies and the molecular biology of their interaction with HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein. Our overall goal is to develop protective antibody-based vaccines; therefore, the laboratory has two sections–antibody repertoire analysis and immunogen design. Our research premise is that vaccine-elicited antibodies will broadly neutralize HIV-1 if they can bind directly to the host glycans on Env. However, Env glycans are poorly immunogenic and require specific targeting by a vaccine immunogen to elicit an antibody response.
Anti-glycan HIV-1 antibody biology. The laboratory utilizes single B cell PCR to probe the antibody repertoire during natural infection and after vaccination. Using this technique we identified two monoclonal antibodies from HIV Env vaccinated macaques called DH501 and DH502 that bind directly to mannose glycans and to HIV-1 envelope (Env). We have characterized these antibodies using glycan immunoassays, antibody engineering, and x-ray crystallography to define the mechanisms of Env-glycan interaction by these antibodies. Glycan-reactive HIV antibodies are rarely elicited with HIV-1 vaccination; therefore we have studied the ontogeny of DH501 using longitudinal next generation sequencing and reversion of somatic mutations within the antibody variable regions. DH501 and DH502 antibodies are mostly found in the repertoire as IgG2 and IgM isotypes—similar to known natural glycan antibodies. Therefore we are examining whether vaccines mobilize antibodies from the natural glycan pool that affinity mature to interact with HIV-1 envelope. The results of these studies inform us about the similarities and differences between vaccine-induced glycan-reactive antibodies and known broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies from human natural infection. These comparative studies define the molecular biology of glycan-reactive antibodies as well as determine how close current vaccines are to inducing glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies.
HIV-1 Env immunogen design. The discovery of lineages of broadly neutralizing antibodies in HIV-infected individuals has provided templates for vaccine design. With knowledge of the antibodies we desire to elicit we can engineer the HIV-1 Env to preferentially bind to those antibodies. We discovered that Man9GlcNAc2 is the glycan preferred by early precursors in broadly neutralizing antibody lineages. We translated this finding into a vaccine design strategy that we have termed “glycan learning.” This approach modifies the glycosylation of HIV-1 Env immunogens to be the optimal glycan type for engagement of the precursor antibody of glycan-reactive broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody lineages. The Env glycosylation sites and glycan type are then modified on subsequent Env immunogens to select antibodies that are maturing towards a broadly neutralizing phenotype. We have developed cell culture procedures and purification strategies combined with mass spectrometry analyses to create Env immunogens with specific glycosylation profiles. While the overall goal is to elicit protective neutralizing antibodies in vivo, we use these Env antigens in vitro to investigate the biology of B cell receptor engagement. More specifically, we investigate the effects of various immunogen delivery platforms, such as protein or gold nanoparticles, nucleic acid, or recombinant viral vectors on B cell activation.
Taken together, our research program is an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the molecular biology underlying antibody recognition of glycoproteins in order to produce protective vaccines.
Current Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Professor in Surgery, Surgery, Surgical Sciences, Surgery 2020
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Immunology, Immunology, Basic Science Departments 2018
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2018
- Member of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Institutes and Centers 2014
Contact Information
- 2 Genome Court, 4074 Medical Science Research Building 2, Durham, NC 27710
- Box 3020 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
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kevin.saunders@duke.edu
(919) 684-1503
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Saunders Laboratory
- Background
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Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Duke University 2010
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Duke Appointment History
- Assistant Professor in Surgery, Surgery, Surgical Sciences, Surgery 2018 - 2020
- Assistant Professor of Surgery, Surgery, Surgical Sciences, Surgery 2015 - 2018
- Medical Instructor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Medicine 2014 - 2015
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Leadership & Clinical Positions at Duke
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DHVI Director of Research
DHVI Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Faculty Chair
Duke Department of Surgery Diversity and Inclusion Committee, member
Translating Duke Health Initiative, Immunology, member
Duke School of Medicine Engineering the Immune System Committee, member
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DHVI Director of Research
- Recognition
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In the News
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NOV 6, 2020 School of Medicine -
JAN 31, 2020 -
DEC 6, 2019 Duke Health News
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Awards & Honors
- Research
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Selected Grants
- Interdisciplinary Research Training Program in AIDS awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2025
- HIV-1 vaccine-elicited antibodies target envelope glycans awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2025
- Viral Oncology Training Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 1980 - 2024
- Advanced Immunobiology Traning Program for Surgeons awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2024
- Neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody effector functions in HIV infected children awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2024
- Supramolecular pediatric HIV vaccine design awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2022
- Duke DARPA Pandemic Prevention Platform (P3) awarded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 2017 - 2021
- Targeting the HIV-1 reservoir with a combination of an IDLV-SIVGag therapeutic vaccine and Fc-engineered bnAbs (R01) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2020 - 2021
- Protein Production Facility awarded by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 2016 - 2021
- CARE Focus 2: Clearance of HIV Antigen-Positive Cells awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2016 - 2021
- Immunogen Design of HIV Sequential Envelopes Derived from SHIV-infected Macaques awarded by University of Pennsylvania 2017 - 2021
- Dissection of polyreactivity and neutralization activity of HIV-1 Abs (R01) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2021
- Coronavirus Vaccine Design awarded by State of North Carolina 2020
- Novel vaccine strategies to induce V2 apex-directed broad neutralizing antibodies awarded by San Diego Biomedical Research Institute 2019 - 2020
- Defining parameters to induce breadth in knockin mice expressing HIV bnAb precursors awarded by San Diego Biomedical Research Institute 2019 - 2020
- Defining parameters to induce breadth in knockin mice expressing HIV bnAb precursors awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2018
- Elucidation of the Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cell Noncytolytic Antiviral Response awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2010
- Publications & Artistic Works
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Selected Publications
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Academic Articles
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Darricarrère, Nicole, Yu Qiu, Masaru Kanekiyo, Adrian Creanga, Rebecca A. Gillespie, Syed M. Moin, Jacqueline Saleh, et al. “Broad neutralization of H1 and H3 viruses by adjuvanted influenza HA stem vaccines in nonhuman primates.” Sci Transl Med 13, no. 583 (March 3, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abe5449.Full Text Link to Item
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Saunders, Kevin O., Esther Lee, Robert Parks, David R. Martinez, Dapeng Li, Haiyan Chen, Robert J. Edwards, et al. “SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces neutralizing antibodies against pandemic and pre-emergent SARS-related coronaviruses in monkeys.” Biorxiv, February 17, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.17.431492.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Edwards, Robert J., Katayoun Mansouri, Victoria Stalls, Kartik Manne, Brian Watts, Rob Parks, Katarzyna Janowska, et al. “Cold sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain.” Nat Struct Mol Biol 28, no. 2 (February 2021): 128–31. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-020-00547-5.Full Text Link to Item
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Roark, Ryan S., Hui Li, Wilton B. Williams, Hema Chug, Rosemarie D. Mason, Jason Gorman, Shuyi Wang, et al. “Recapitulation of HIV-1 Env-antibody coevolution in macaques leading to neutralization breadth.” Science 371, no. 6525 (January 8, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd2638.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Li, Dapeng, Robert J. Edwards, Kartik Manne, David R. Martinez, Alexandra Schäfer, S Munir Alam, Kevin Wiehe, et al. “The functions of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibodies in vitro and in mice and nonhuman primates.” Biorxiv, January 2, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.31.424729.Full Text Link to Item
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Blasi, Maria, Donatella Negri, Kevin O. Saunders, Erich J. Baker, Hannah Stadtler, Celia LaBranche, Benjamin Mildenberg, et al. “Immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of sequential immunizations with an SIV-based IDLV expressing CH505 Envs.” Npj Vaccines 5, no. 1 (November 18, 2020): 107. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-00252-w.Full Text Link to Item
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Li, Dapeng, Todd Bradley, Derek W. Cain, Isabela Pedroza-Pacheco, Maria Aggelakopoulou, Robert Parks, Maggie Barr, et al. “RAB11FIP5-Deficient Mice Exhibit Cytokine-Related Transcriptomic Signatures.” Immunohorizons 4, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 713–28. https://doi.org/10.4049/immunohorizons.2000088.Full Text Link to Item
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Alam, S Munir, Kenneth Cronin, Robert Parks, Kara Anasti, Haitao Ding, Eden P. Go, Heather Desaire, et al. “Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of HIV-1 Envelope Trimers Complexed to a Small-Molecule Viral Entry Inhibitor.” J Virol 94, no. 21 (October 14, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00958-20.Full Text Link to Item
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Laczkó, Dorottya, Michael J. Hogan, Sushila A. Toulmin, Philip Hicks, Katlyn Lederer, Brian T. Gaudette, Diana Castaño, et al. “A Single Immunization with Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Elicits Strong Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice.” Immunity 53, no. 4 (October 13, 2020): 724-732.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.019.Full Text Link to Item
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Ng, Tony W., Ariel S. Wirchnianski, Anna Z. Wec, J Maximilian Fels, Christopher T. Johndrow, Kevin O. Saunders, Hua-Xin Liao, et al. “Exploiting Pre-Existing CD4+ T Cell Help from Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination to Improve Antiviral Antibody Responses.” J Immunol 205, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 425–37. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2000191.Full Text Link to Item
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Sempowski, Gregory D., Kevin O. Saunders, Priyamvada Acharya, Kevin J. Wiehe, and Barton F. Haynes. “Pandemic Preparedness: Developing Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies For COVID-19.” Cell 181, no. 7 (June 2020): 1458–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.041.Full Text
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Felber, Barbara K., Zhongyan Lu, Xintao Hu, Antonio Valentin, Margherita Rosati, Christopher A. L. Remmel, Joshua A. Weiner, et al. “Co-immunization of DNA and Protein in the Same Anatomical Sites Induces Superior Protective Immune Responses against SHIV Challenge.” Cell Rep 31, no. 6 (May 12, 2020): 107624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107624.Full Text Link to Item
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Blasi, Maria, Elizabeth C. Wescott, Erich J. Baker, Benjamin Mildenberg, Celia LaBranche, Wes Rountree, Barton F. Haynes, et al. “Therapeutic vaccination with IDLV-SIV-Gag results in durable viremia control in chronically SHIV-infected macaques.” Npj Vaccines 5, no. 1 (May 8, 2020): 36. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-0186-5.Full Text Link to Item
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Martinez, David R., Joshua J. Tu, Amit Kumar, Jesse F. Mangold, Riley J. Mangan, Ria Goswami, Elena E. Giorgi, et al. “Maternal Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Can Select for Neutralization-Resistant, Infant-Transmitted/Founder HIV Variants.” Mbio 11, no. 2 (March 10, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00176-20.Full Text Link to Item
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Laher, Fatima, Zoe Moodie, Kristen W. Cohen, Nicole Grunenberg, Linda-Gail Bekker, Mary Allen, Nicole Frahm, et al. “Safety and immune responses after a 12-month booster in healthy HIV-uninfected adults in HVTN 100 in South Africa: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) and bivalent subtype C gp120/MF59 vaccines.” Plos Med 17, no. 2 (February 2020): e1003038. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003038.Full Text Link to Item
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Easterhoff, David, Justin Pollara, Kan Luo, William D. Tolbert, Brianna Young, Dieter Mielke, Shalini Jha, et al. “Boosting with AIDSVAX B/E Enhances Env Constant Region 1 and 2 Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Breadth and Potency.” J Virol 94, no. 4 (January 31, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01120-19.Full Text Link to Item
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Henderson, Rory, Maolin Lu, Ye Zhou, Zekun Mu, Robert Parks, Qifeng Han, Allen L. Hsu, et al. “Disruption of the HIV-1 Envelope allosteric network blocks CD4-induced rearrangements.” Nat Commun 11, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 520. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14196-w.Full Text Link to Item
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Blasi, Maria, Elizabeth C. Wescott, Erich J. Baker, Benjamin Mildenberg, Celia LaBranche, Wes Rountree, Barton F. Haynes, et al. “Therapeutic vaccination with IDLV-SIV-Gag results in durable viremia control in chronically SHIV-infected macaques.” Npj Vaccines 5 (2020): 36. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-0186-5.Full Text Link to Item
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Saunders, Kevin O., Kevin Wiehe, Ming Tian, Priyamvada Acharya, Todd Bradley, S Munir Alam, Eden P. Go, et al. “Targeted selection of HIV-specific antibody mutations by engineering B cell maturation.” Science 366, no. 6470 (December 6, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay7199.Full Text Link to Item
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LaBranche, Celia C., Rory Henderson, Allen Hsu, Shay Behrens, Xuejun Chen, Tongqing Zhou, Kevin Wiehe, et al. “Correction: Neutralization-guided design of HIV-1 envelope trimers with high affinity for the unmutated common ancestor of CH235 lineage CD4bs broadly neutralizing antibodies.” Plos Pathog 15, no. 12 (December 2019): e1008200. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008200.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Wu, Nelson R., Nathan I. Nicely, Esther M. Lee, Rachel K. Reed, Brian E. Watts, Fangping Cai, William E. Walkowicz, et al. “Cooperation between somatic mutation and germline-encoded residues enables antibody recognition of HIV-1 envelope glycans.” Plos Pathog 15, no. 12 (December 2019): e1008165. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008165.Full Text Link to Item
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Wee, Edmund G., Nathifa A. Moyo, Kevin O. Saunders, Celia LaBranche, Filippo Donati, Silvia Capucci, Robert Parks, et al. “Parallel Induction of CH505 B Cell Ontogeny-Guided Neutralizing Antibodies and tHIVconsvX Conserved Mosaic-Specific T Cells against HIV-1.” Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 14 (September 13, 2019): 148–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtm.2019.06.003.Full Text Link to Item
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LaBranche, Celia C., Rory Henderson, Allen Hsu, Shay Behrens, Xuejun Chen, Tongqing Zhou, Kevin Wiehe, et al. “Neutralization-guided design of HIV-1 envelope trimers with high affinity for the unmutated common ancestor of CH235 lineage CD4bs broadly neutralizing antibodies.” Plos Pathog 15, no. 9 (September 2019): e1008026. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008026.Full Text Link to Item
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Han, Qifeng, Julia A. Jones, Nathan I. Nicely, Rachel K. Reed, Xiaoying Shen, Katayoun Mansouri, Mark Louder, et al. “Difficult-to-neutralize global HIV-1 isolates are neutralized by antibodies targeting open envelope conformations.” Nat Commun 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 2898. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10899-2.Full Text Link to Item
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Francica, Joseph R., Richard Laga, Geoffrey M. Lynn, Gabriela Mužíková, Ladislav Androvič, Baptiste Aussedat, William E. Walkowicz, et al. “Star nanoparticles delivering HIV-1 peptide minimal immunogens elicit near-native envelope antibody responses in nonhuman primates.” Plos Biol 17, no. 6 (June 2019): e3000328. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000328.Full Text Link to Item
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LaBranche, Celia C., Andrew T. McGuire, Matthew D. Gray, Shay Behrens, Xuejun Chen, Tongqing Zhou, Quentin J. Sattentau, et al. “Correction: HIV-1 envelope glycan modifications that permit neutralization by germline-reverted VRC01-class broadly neutralizing antibodies.” Plos Pathog 15, no. 3 (March 2019): e1007646. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007646.Full Text Link to Item
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Henderson, Rory, Brian E. Watts, Hieu N. Ergin, Kara Anasti, Robert Parks, Shi-Mao Xia, Ashley Trama, et al. “Selection of immunoglobulin elbow region mutations impacts interdomain conformational flexibility in HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies.” Nat Commun 10, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 654. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08415-7.Full Text Link to Item
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Cheng, Cheng, Kai Xu, Rui Kong, Gwo-Yu Chuang, Angela R. Corrigan, Hui Geng, Kurt R. Hill, et al. “Consistent elicitation of cross-clade HIV-neutralizing responses achieved in guinea pigs after fusion peptide priming by repetitive envelope trimer boosting.” Plos One 14, no. 4 (2019): e0215163. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215163.Full Text Link to Item
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Kisalu, Neville K., Azza H. Idris, Connor Weidle, Yevel Flores-Garcia, Barbara J. Flynn, Brandon K. Sack, Sean Murphy, et al. “Author Correction: A human monoclonal antibody prevents malaria infection by targeting a new site of vulnerability on the parasite.” Nat Med 25, no. 1 (January 2019): 188–89. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0315-0.Full Text Link to Item
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Saunders, Kevin O. “Conceptual Approaches to Modulating Antibody Effector Functions and Circulation Half-Life.” Front Immunol 10 (2019): 1296. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01296.Full Text Link to Item
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Bonsignori, Mattia, Eric Scott, Kevin Wiehe, David Easterhoff, S Munir Alam, Kwan-Ki Hwang, Melissa Cooper, et al. “Inference of the HIV-1 VRC01 Antibody Lineage Unmutated Common Ancestor Reveals Alternative Pathways to Overcome a Key Glycan Barrier.” Immunity 49, no. 6 (December 18, 2018): 1162-1174.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.015.Full Text Link to Item
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LaBranche, Celia C., Andrew T. McGuire, Matthew D. Gray, Shay Behrens, Peter D. Kwong, Xuejun Chen, Tongqing Zhou, et al. “HIV-1 envelope glycan modifications that permit neutralization by germline-reverted VRC01-class broadly neutralizing antibodies.” Plos Pathog 14, no. 11 (November 2018): e1007431. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007431.Full Text Link to Item
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Wiehe, Kevin, Todd Bradley, R Ryan Meyerhoff, Connor Hart, Wilton B. Williams, David Easterhoff, William J. Faison, et al. “Functional Relevance of Improbable Antibody Mutations for HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Development.” Cell Host Microbe 23, no. 6 (June 13, 2018): 759-765.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2018.04.018.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Pardi, Norbert, Michael J. Hogan, Martin S. Naradikian, Kaela Parkhouse, Derek W. Cain, Letitia Jones, M Anthony Moody, et al. “Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines induce potent T follicular helper and germinal center B cell responses.” J Exp Med 215, no. 6 (June 4, 2018): 1571–88. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20171450.Full Text Link to Item
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Wang, Lingshu, Wei Shi, James D. Chappell, M Gordon Joyce, Yi Zhang, Masaru Kanekiyo, Michelle M. Becker, et al. “Importance of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Multiple Antigenic Sites on the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein To Avoid Neutralization Escape.” J Virol 92, no. 10 (May 15, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02002-17.Full Text Link to Item
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Crooks, Ema T., Samantha L. Grimley, Michelle Cully, Keiko Osawa, Gillian Dekkers, Kevin Saunders, Sebastian Rämisch, et al. “Glycoengineering HIV-1 Env creates 'supercharged' and 'hybrid' glycans to increase neutralizing antibody potency, breadth and saturation.” Plos Pathog 14, no. 5 (May 2018): e1007024. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007024.Full Text Link to Item
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Kisalu, Neville K., Azza H. Idris, Connor Weidle, Yevel Flores-Garcia, Barbara J. Flynn, Brandon K. Sack, Sean Murphy, et al. “A human monoclonal antibody prevents malaria infection by targeting a new site of vulnerability on the parasite.” Nat Med 24, no. 4 (May 2018): 408–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4512.Full Text Link to Item
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Wang, L., W. Shi, J. D. Chappell, M. G. Joyce, Y. Zhang, M. Kanekiyo, M. M. Becker, et al. “Importance of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple antigenic sites on the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein to avoid neutralization escape.” Journal of Virology 92, no. 10 (May 1, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.002002-17.Full Text
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Saunders, Kevin O., Sampa Santra, Robert Parks, Nicole L. Yates, Laura L. Sutherland, Richard M. Scearce, Harikrishnan Balachandran, et al. “Immunogenicity of NYVAC Prime-Protein Boost Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Vaccination and Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge of Nonhuman Primates.” J Virol 92, no. 8 (April 15, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02035-17.Full Text Link to Item
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Saunders, Kevin O., Laurent K. Verkoczy, Chuancang Jiang, Jinsong Zhang, Robert Parks, Haiyan Chen, Max Housman, et al. “Vaccine Induction of Heterologous Tier 2 HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies in Animal Models.” Cell Rep 21, no. 13 (December 26, 2017): 3681–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.028.Full Text Link to Item
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Williams, Wilton B., Jinsong Zhang, Chuancang Jiang, Nathan I. Nicely, Daniela Fera, Kan Luo, M Anthony Moody, et al. “Initiation of HIV neutralizing B cell lineages with sequential envelope immunizations.” Nat Commun 8, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 1732. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01336-3.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Han, Qifeng, Wilton B. Williams, Kevin O. Saunders, Kelly E. Seaton, Kevin J. Wiehe, Nathan Vandergrift, Tarra A. Von Holle, et al. “HIV DNA-Adenovirus Multiclade Envelope Vaccine Induces gp41 Antibody Immunodominance in Rhesus Macaques.” J Virol 91, no. 21 (November 1, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00923-17.Full Text Link to Item
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Bradley, Todd, Justin Pollara, Sampa Santra, Nathan Vandergrift, Srivamshi Pittala, Chris Bailey-Kellogg, Xiaoying Shen, et al. “Pentavalent HIV-1 vaccine protects against simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge.” Nat Commun 8 (June 8, 2017): 15711. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15711.Full Text Link to Item
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Alam, S Munir, Baptiste Aussedat, Yusuf Vohra, R Ryan Meyerhoff, Evan M. Cale, William E. Walkowicz, Nathan A. Radakovich, et al. “Mimicry of an HIV broadly neutralizing antibody epitope with a synthetic glycopeptide.” Sci Transl Med 9, no. 381 (March 15, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aai7521.Full Text Link to Item
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Bonsignori, Mattia, Edward F. Kreider, Daniela Fera, R Ryan Meyerhoff, Todd Bradley, Kevin Wiehe, S Munir Alam, et al. “Staged induction of HIV-1 glycan-dependent broadly neutralizing antibodies.” Sci Transl Med 9, no. 381 (March 15, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aai7514.Full Text Link to Item
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Saunders, Kevin O., Nathan I. Nicely, Kevin Wiehe, Mattia Bonsignori, R Ryan Meyerhoff, Robert Parks, William E. Walkowicz, et al. “Vaccine Elicitation of High Mannose-Dependent Neutralizing Antibodies against the V3-Glycan Broadly Neutralizing Epitope in Nonhuman Primates.” Cell Rep 18, no. 9 (February 28, 2017): 2175–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.003.Full Text Link to Item
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Easterhoff, David, M Anthony Moody, Daniela Fera, Hao Cheng, Margaret Ackerman, Kevin Wiehe, Kevin O. Saunders, et al. “Boosting of HIV envelope CD4 binding site antibodies with long variable heavy third complementarity determining region in the randomized double blind RV305 HIV-1 vaccine trial.” Plos Pathog 13, no. 2 (February 2017): e1006182. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006182.Full Text Link to Item
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Williams, LaTonya D., Gilad Ofek, Sebastian Schätzle, Jonathan R. McDaniel, Xiaozhi Lu, Nathan I. Nicely, Liming Wu, et al. “Potent and broad HIV-neutralizing antibodies in memory B cells and plasma.” Sci Immunol 2, no. 7 (January 27, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aal2200.Full Text Link to Item
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McCurley, Nathanael P., Arban Domi, Rahul Basu, Kevin O. Saunders, Celia C. LaBranche, David C. Montefiori, Barton F. Haynes, and Harriet L. Robinson. “HIV transmitted/founder vaccines elicit autologous tier 2 neutralizing antibodies for the CD4 binding site.” Plos One 12, no. 10 (2017): e0177863. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177863.Full Text Link to Item
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Saunders, Kevin O., Lingshu Wang, M Gordon Joyce, Zhi-Yong Yang, Alejandro B. Balazs, Cheng Cheng, Sung-Youl Ko, et al. “Broadly Neutralizing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Antibody Gene Transfer Protects Nonhuman Primates from Mucosal Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.” J Virol 89, no. 16 (August 2015): 8334–45. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00908-15.Full Text Link to Item
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Hulot, Sandrine L., Bette Korber, Elena E. Giorgi, Nathan Vandergrift, Kevin O. Saunders, Harikrishnan Balachandran, Linh V. Mach, et al. “Comparison of Immunogenicity in Rhesus Macaques of Transmitted-Founder, HIV-1 Group M Consensus, and Trivalent Mosaic Envelope Vaccines Formulated as a DNA Prime, NYVAC, and Envelope Protein Boost.” J Virol 89, no. 12 (June 2015): 6462–80. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00383-15.Full Text Link to Item
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Saunders, Kevin O., Amarendra Pegu, Ivelin S. Georgiev, Ming Zeng, M Gordon Joyce, Zhi-Yong Yang, Sung-Youl Ko, et al. “Sustained Delivery of a Broadly Neutralizing Antibody in Nonhuman Primates Confers Long-Term Protection against Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.” J Virol 89, no. 11 (June 2015): 5895–5903. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00210-15.Full Text Link to Item
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Wu, Xueling, Zhenhai Zhang, Chaim A. Schramm, M Gordon Joyce, Young Do Kwon, Tongqing Zhou, Zizhang Sheng, et al. “Maturation and Diversity of the VRC01-Antibody Lineage over 15 Years of Chronic HIV-1 Infection.” Cell 161, no. 3 (April 23, 2015): 470–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.004.Full Text Link to Item
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Ko, Sung-Youl, Amarendra Pegu, Rebecca S. Rudicell, Zhi-yong Yang, M Gordon Joyce, Xuejun Chen, Keyun Wang, et al. “Enhanced neonatal Fc receptor function improves protection against primate SHIV infection.” Nature 514, no. 7524 (October 30, 2014): 642–45. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13612.Full Text Link to Item
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Georgiev, Ivelin S., Rebecca S. Rudicell, Kevin O. Saunders, Wei Shi, Tatsiana Kirys, Krisha McKee, Sijy O’Dell, et al. “Antibodies VRC01 and 10E8 neutralize HIV-1 with high breadth and potency even with Ig-framework regions substantially reverted to germline.” J Immunol 192, no. 3 (February 1, 2014): 1100–1106. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1302515.Full Text Link to Item
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Saunders, Kevin O., Rebecca S. Rudicell, and Gary J. Nabel. “The design and evaluation of HIV-1 vaccines.” Aids 26, no. 10 (June 19, 2012): 1293–1302. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835474d2.Full Text Link to Item
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Freel, Stephanie A., Kevin O. Saunders, and Georgia D. Tomaras. “CD8(+)T-cell-mediated control of HIV-1 and SIV infection.” Immunol Res 49, no. 1–3 (April 2011): 135–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-010-8177-7.Full Text Link to Item
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Saunders, Kevin O., Cavin Ward-Caviness, Robert J. Schutte, Stephanie A. Freel, R Glenn Overman, Nathan M. Thielman, Coleen K. Cunningham, Thomas B. Kepler, and Georgia D. Tomaras. “Secretion of MIP-1β and MIP-1α by CD8(+) T-lymphocytes correlates with HIV-1 inhibition independent of coreceptor usage.” Cell Immunol 266, no. 2 (2011): 154–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.09.011.Full Text Link to Item
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Saunders, Kevin O., Stephanie A. Freel, R Glenn Overman, Coleen K. Cunningham, and Georgia D. Tomaras. “Epigenetic regulation of CD8(+) T-lymphocyte mediated suppression of HIV-1 replication.” Virology 405, no. 1 (September 15, 2010): 234–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2010.06.001.Full Text Link to Item
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Freel, Stephanie A., Laurie Lamoreaux, Pratip K. Chattopadhyay, Kevin Saunders, David Zarkowsky, R Glenn Overman, Christina Ochsenbauer, et al. “Phenotypic and functional profile of HIV-inhibitory CD8 T cells elicited by natural infection and heterologous prime/boost vaccination.” J Virol 84, no. 10 (May 2010): 4998–5006. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00138-10.Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
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Miller, Heather B., Kevin O. Saunders, Georgia D. Tomaras, and Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco. “Tat-SF1 is not required for Tat transactivation but does regulate the relative levels of unspliced and spliced HIV-1 RNAs.” Plos One 4, no. 5 (May 27, 2009): e5710. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005710.Full Text Link to Item
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Book Sections
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Daniels, Christine N., and Kevin O. Saunders. “Antibody responses to the HIV-1 envelope high mannose patch.,” 143:11–73, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ai.2019.08.002.Full Text Link to Item
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Haynes, B. F., K. O. Saunders, G. Kelsoe, J. R. Mascola, and G. J. Nabel. “The Cellular and Molecular Biology of HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies.” In Molecular Biology of B Cells: Second Edition, 441–61, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397933-9.00024-2.Full Text
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Conference Papers
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Bonsignori, Mattia, Eric Scott, Kevin Wiehe, David Easterhoff, S Munir Alam, Kwan-Ki Hwang, David C. Montefiori, et al. “Dual Maturation Pathways from the Unmutated Common Ancestor of HIV-1 Envelope Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Overcome Glycan Barriers.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 34:111–111. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2018.Link to Item
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Verkoczy, Laurent, Chuancang Jiang, Raiees Andrabi, Jinsong Zhang, Amanda Newman, Devin Sok, Ge Song, et al. “Mechanistic Insights Into Vaccine Induction of V2 Apex-directed, Heterologous Tier 2 Neutralizing Responses in CH103 UCA Knock-in Mice.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 34:110–110. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2018.Link to Item
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Wiehe, Kevin, Kevin O. Saunders, Todd Bradley, Willam J. Faison, Connor Hart, Cindy Bowman, Ashley Trama, et al. “Targeted Selection of an Improbable HIV-1 Antibody Mutation Critical for Broadly Neutralizing Reactivity With a Designed Immunogen.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 34:58–58. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2018.Link to Item
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Williams, Wilton Bryan, R Ryan Meyerhoff, Hui Li, Priyamvada Acharya, Guillaume B. E. Stewart-Jones, Kevin Wiehe, Thomas B. Kepler, et al. “Macaque SHIV Induction of 2G12-like Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies.” In Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 34:38–38. MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2018.Link to Item
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Saunders, K. O., S. A. Freel, R. Overman, C. K. Cunningham, and G. D. Tomaras. “Inhibition of histone deacetylases modulates CD8+T-lymphocyte mediated virus suppression by HIV-1 viral controllers.” In Retrovirology, Vol. 6, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-6-S3-P269.Full Text Link to Item
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- Teaching & Mentoring
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Advising & Mentoring
- Davidson College Research Network
- Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
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Service to the Profession
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