Lauren Howard | Scholars@Duke

Lauren Howard
Biostatistician III

Master of Biostatistics, Duke University School of Medicine. 2014
Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics, Vassar College. 2012

Overview: Lauren collaborates with the Durham VA on prostate cancer research. She has experience with data management, data analysis, and preparation and editing of manuscripts. Most of her projects use observational data to study how racial disparities, lifestyle factors, and risk stratification affect prostate cancer incidence and outcomes. Some of her projects have involved time-varying covariates, competing risks, and repeated measures.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Biostatistician III, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Basic Science Departments

Contact Information

2424 Erwin Road, Hock 1 8030, Durham, NC 27705
lauren.howard@duke.edu +1 919 668 5893
LinkedIN

Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Howard, Lauren E., Jingbin Zhang, Nick Fishbane, Amanda M De Hoedt, Zachary Klaassen, Daniel E. Spratt, Adriana C. Vidal, et al. “Validation of a genomic classifier for prediction of metastasis and prostate cancer-specific mortality in African-American men following radical prostatectomy in an equal access healthcare setting.” Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 23, no. 3 (September 2020): 419–28. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-019-0197-3.
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  - Allott, Emma H., Ilona Csizmadi, Lauren E. Howard, Roberto L. Muller, Daniel M. Moreira, Gerald L. Andriole, Claus G. Roehrborn, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Statin use and longitudinal changes in prostate volume; results from the REduction by DUtasteride of prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) trial.” Bju International 125, no. 2 (February 2020): 226–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.14905.
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  - Zhao, Hanson, Lauren E. Howard, Amanda De Hoedt, Martha K. Terris, Christopher L. Amling, Christopher J. Kane, Matthew R. Cooperberg, et al. “Racial Discrepancies in Overall Survival among Men Treated with 223Radium.” J Urol 203, no. 2 (February 2020): 331–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000000524.
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  - Bliwise, Donald L., Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Gerald L. Andriole, Martin L. Hopp, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Partial Validation of the Sleep Health Construct in the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Questionnaire.” Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, January 22, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-020-09699-4.
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  - Dambal, Shweta, Lauren E. Howard, Emma H. Allott, William J. Aronson, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Martha K. Terris, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Serum Lipids prior to Starting Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Risk of Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer and Metastasis: Results from the SEARCH Database.” The Journal of Urology 203, no. 1 (January 2020): 120–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/ju.0000000000000494.
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  - Moghanaki, Drew, Lauren E. Howard, Amanda De Hoedt, William J. Aronson, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Martha K. Terris, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Validity of the National Death Index to ascertain the date and cause of death in men having undergone prostatectomy for prostate cancer.” Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 22, no. 4 (December 2019): 633–35. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-019-0146-1.
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  - Nickols, Nicholas G., Ramin Nazarian, Shuang G. Zhao, Victor Tan, Vladislav Uzunangelov, Zheng Xia, Robert Baertsch, et al. “MEK-ERK signaling is a therapeutic target in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer.” Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 22, no. 4 (December 2019): 531–38. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-019-0134-5.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Taofik Oyekunle, Lauren E. Howard, Nitin Shivappa, Amanda De Hoedt, Jane C. Figueiredo, Emanuela Taioli, et al. “Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of prostate cancer in a case-control study among Black and White US Veteran men.” Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 22, no. 4 (December 2019): 580–87. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-019-0143-4.
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  - Tablazon, Ingrid Lorese, Lauren E. Howard, Amanda M. De Hoedt, William J. Aronson, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Martha K. Terris, Stephen J. Freedland, and Stephen B. Williams. “Predictors of skeletal-related events and mortality in men with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database.” Cancer 125, no. 22 (November 2019): 4003–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32414.
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  - Tay, Kae Jack, Thomas J. Polascik, Lauren E. Howard, Joseph K. Salama, Ariel A. Schulman, Zinan Chen, Christopher L. Amling, et al. “Salvage Radiotherapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Can the Prognostic Grade Group System Inform Treatment Timing?” Clin Genitourin Cancer 17, no. 5 (October 2019): e930–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clgc.2019.05.007.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Lauren E. Howard, Emily Wiggins, Amanda M. De Hoedt, Stephen L. Shiao, Simon Knott, Emanuela Taioli, Jay H. Fowke, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Natural killer cell activity and prostate cancer risk in veteran men undergoing prostate biopsy.” Cancer Epidemiology 62 (October 2019): 101578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2019.101578.
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  - Aminsharifi, Alireza, Ariel Schulman, Lauren E. Howard, Kae Jack Tay, Christopher L. Amling, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, et al. “Influence of African American race on the association between preoperative biopsy grade group and adverse histopathologic features of radical prostatectomy.” Cancer 125, no. 17 (September 1, 2019): 3025–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32168.
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  - Freedland, Stephen J., Lauren Howard, Jenifer Allen, Jordan Smith, Jennifer Stout, William Aronson, Brant A. Inman, et al. “A lifestyle intervention of weight loss via a low-carbohydrate diet plus walking to reduce metabolic disturbances caused by androgen deprivation therapy among prostate cancer patients: carbohydrate and prostate study 1 (CAPS1) randomized controlled trial.” Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 22, no. 3 (September 2019): 428–37. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-019-0126-5.
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  - Skove, Stephanie L., Lauren E. Howard, Justin Senechal, Amanda De Hoedt, Catherine Bresee, Timothy J. Cunningham, Kamil E. Barbour, Jayoung Kim, Stephen J. Freedland, and Jennifer T. Anger. “The misdiagnosis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in a VA population.” Neurourology and Urodynamics 38, no. 7 (September 2019): 1966–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.24100.
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  - Nik-Ahd, Farnoosh, Lauren E. Howard, Adva T. Eisenberg, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher L. Amling, Christopher J. Kane, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Poorly controlled diabetes increases the risk of metastases and castration-resistant prostate cancer in men undergoing radical prostatectomy: Results from the SEARCH database.” Cancer 125, no. 16 (August 2019): 2861–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32141.
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  - Freedland, Stephen J., Brandee L. Branche, Lauren E. Howard, Robert J. Hamilton, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher L. Amling, Christopher J. Kane, and Christopher J. SEARCH Database Study Group. “Obesity, risk of biochemical recurrence, and prostate-specific antigen doubling time after radical prostatectomy: results from the SEARCH database.” Bju International 124, no. 1 (July 2019): 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.14594.
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  - Hanyok, Brian T., Mary M. Everist, Lauren E. Howard, Amanda M. De Hoedt, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Martha K. Terris, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Practice patterns and outcomes of equivocal bone scans for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results from SEARCH.” Asian Journal of Urology 6, no. 3 (July 2019): 242–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajur.2019.01.004.
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  - Fowke, Jay H., Tatsuki Koyama, Qi Dai, S Lilly Zheng, Jianfeng Xu, Lauren E. Howard, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Blood and dietary magnesium levels are not linked with lower prostate cancer risk in black or white men.” Cancer Letters 449 (May 2019): 99–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.023.
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  - Whitney, Colette A., Lauren E. Howard, Stephen J. Freedland, Amanda M. DeHoedt, Christopher L. Amling, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, Martha K. Terris, and Timothy J. Daskivich. “Impact of age, comorbidity, and PSA doubling time on long-term competing risks for mortality among men with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.” Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 22, no. 2 (May 2019): 252–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-018-0095-0.
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  - Everist, Mary M., Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Martha K. Terris, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Socioeconomic status, race, and long-term outcomes after radical prostatectomy in an equal access health system: Results from the SEARCH database.” Urologic Oncology 37, no. 4 (April 2019): 289.e11-289.e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.12.004.
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  - Bliwise, Donald L., Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Gerald L. Andriole, Martin L. Hopp, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Nocturia and associated mortality: observational data from the REDUCE trial.” Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 22, no. 1 (March 2019): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-018-0090-5.
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  - Griffin, Kagan, Ilona Csizmadi, Lauren E. Howard, Gina-Maria Pomann, William J. Aronson, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, et al. “First-year weight loss with androgen-deprivation therapy increases risks of prostate cancer progression and prostate cancer-specific mortality: results from SEARCH.” Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc 30, no. 3 (March 2019): 259–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-019-1133-5.
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  - Aminsharifi, Alireza, Lauren E. Howard, Christopher L. Amling, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, Martha K. Terris, Thomas J. Polascik, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Statins are Associated With Increased Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy in Diabetic Men but no Association was Seen in Men also Taking Metformin: Results From the SEARCH Database.” Clin Genitourin Cancer 17, no. 1 (February 2019): e140–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clgc.2018.09.020.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Lauren E. Howard, Amanda De Hoedt, Christopher J. Kane, Martha K. Terris, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, et al. “Does race predict the development of metastases in men who receive androgen-deprivation therapy for a biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy?” Cancer 125, no. 3 (February 2019): 434–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31808.
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  - Michael, Jamie, Taofik Oyekunle, Lauren Howard, Amanda De Hoedt, Catherine Hoyo, Delores Grant, and Stephen Freedland. “Interplay between exercise and BMI; results from an equal access, racially diverse biopsy study.” Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc 30, no. 1 (January 2019): 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-018-1104-2.
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  - Patel, Devin N., Shalini Jha, Lauren E. Howard, Christopher L. Amling, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, Martha K. Terris, Brian F. Chapin, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Impact of prior local therapy on overall survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results from Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital.” International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association 25, no. 12 (December 2018): 998–1004. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.13806.
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  - Aminsharifi, Alireza, Lauren Howard, Yuan Wu, Amanda De Hoedt, Charlotte Bailey, Stephen J. Freedland, and Thomas J. Polascik. “Prostate Specific Antigen Density as a Predictor of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer When the Prostate Specific Antigen is in the Diagnostic Gray Zone: Defining the Optimum Cutoff Point Stratified by Race and Body Mass Index.” J Urol 200, no. 4 (October 2018): 758–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.05.016.
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  - Herforth, Christine, Sean P. Stroup, Zinan Chen, Lauren E. Howard, Stephen J. Freedland, Daniel M. Moreira, Martha K. Terris, et al. “Radical prostatectomy and the effect of close surgical margins: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database.” Bju International 122, no. 4 (October 2018): 592–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.14178.
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  - Michael, Jamie, Lauren E. Howard, Sarah C. Markt, Amanda De Hoedt, Charlotte Bailey, Lorelei A. Mucci, Stephen J. Freedland, and Emma H. Allott. “Early-Life Alcohol Intake and High-Grade Prostate Cancer: Results from an Equal-Access, Racially Diverse Biopsy Cohort.” Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.) 11, no. 10 (October 2018): 621–28. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0057.
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  - Allott, Emma H., Sarah C. Markt, Lauren E. Howard, Adriana C. Vidal, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, Lorelei A. Mucci, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Geographic Differences in Baseline Prostate Inflammation and Relationship with Subsequent Prostate Cancer Risk: Results from the Multinational REDUCE Trial.” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 27, no. 7 (July 2018): 783–89. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0076.
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  - Fantony, Joseph J., Lauren E. Howard, Ilona Csizmadi, Andrew J. Armstrong, Amy L. Lark, Colette Galet, William J. Aronson, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Is Ki67 prognostic for aggressive prostate cancer? A multicenter real-world study.” Biomark Med 12, no. 7 (July 2018): 727–36. https://doi.org/10.2217/bmm-2017-0322.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Lauren E. Howard, Amanda de Hoedt, Christopher J. Kane, Martha K. Terris, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher L. Amling, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Obese patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer may be at a lower risk of all-cause mortality: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database.” Bju International 122, no. 1 (July 2018): 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.14193.
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  - Jamnagerwalla, Juzar, Lauren E. Howard, Emma H. Allott, Adriana C. Vidal, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, Michael R. Freeman, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Serum cholesterol and risk of high-grade prostate cancer: results from the REDUCE study.” Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 21, no. 2 (June 2018): 252–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-017-0030-9.
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  - Patel, Devin N., Tom Feng, Ross M. Simon, Lauren E. Howard, Adriana C. Vidal, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Claus Roehrborn, Gerald L. Andriole, and Stephen J. Freedland. “PSA predicts development of incident lower urinary tract symptoms: results from the REDUCE study.” Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 21, no. 2 (June 2018): 238–44. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-018-0044-y.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Lauren E. Howard, Amanda de Hoedt, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, et al. “Neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet counts, and risk of prostate cancer outcomes in white and black men: results from the SEARCH database.” Cancer Causes & Control : Ccc 29, no. 6 (June 2018): 581–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-018-1031-2.
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  - McDonald, Michelle L., Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher L. Amling, Stephen J. Freedland, and Christopher J. Kane. “First postoperative PSA is associated with outcomes in patients with node positive prostate cancer: Results from the SEARCH database.” Urologic Oncology 36, no. 5 (May 2018): 239.e17-239.e25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.01.005.
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  - Teeter, Anna E., Kagan Griffin, Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Does Early Prostate Specific Antigen Doubling Time after Radical Prostatectomy, Calculated Prior to Prostate Specific Antigen Recurrence, Correlate with Prostate Cancer Outcomes? A Report from the SEARCH Database Group.” The Journal of Urology 199, no. 3 (March 2018): 713–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.08.107.
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  - Branche, Brandee L., Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Claus Roehrborn, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, Martin L. Hopp, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Sleep Problems are Associated with Development and Progression of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Results from REDUCE.” The Journal of Urology 199, no. 2 (February 2018): 536–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.08.108.
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  - Stroup, Sean P., Daniel M. Moreira, Zinan Chen, Lauren Howard, Jonathan H. Berger, Martha K. Terris, William J. Aronson, et al. “Biopsy Detected Gleason Pattern 5 is Associated with Recurrence, Metastasis and Mortality in a Cohort of Men with High Risk Prostate Cancer.” The Journal of Urology 198, no. 6 (December 2017): 1309–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.07.009.
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  - Zumsteg, Zachary S., Zinan Chen, Lauren E. Howard, Christopher L. Amling, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, et al. “Modified risk stratification grouping using standard clinical and biopsy information for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: Results from SEARCH.” The Prostate 77, no. 16 (December 2017): 1592–1600. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.23436.
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  - Freedland, Stephen J., Adriana C. Vidal, Lauren E. Howard, Martha K. Terris, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher L. Amling, Christopher J. Kane, William J. Aronson, and William J. Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) Database Study Group. “Race and risk of metastases and survival after radical prostatectomy: Results from the SEARCH database.” Cancer 123, no. 21 (November 2017): 4199–4206. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30834.
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  - Howard, Lauren E., Daniel M. Moreira, Amanda De Hoedt, William J. Aronson, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Martha K. Terris, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Thresholds for PSA doubling time in men with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.” Bju International 120, no. 5B (November 2017): E80–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.13856.
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  - Schulman, Ariel A., Lauren E. Howard, Kae Jack Tay, Efrat Tsivian, Christina Sze, Christopher L. Amling, William J. Aronson, et al. “Validation of the 2015 prostate cancer grade groups for predicting long-term oncologic outcomes in a shared equal-access health system.” Cancer 123, no. 21 (November 1, 2017): 4122–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30844.
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  - Xiao, Jialin, Lauren Howard, Junxiang Wan, Emily Wiggins, Adriana Vidal, Pinchas Cohen, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Low circulating levels of the mitochondrial-peptide hormone SHLP2: novel biomarker for prostate cancer risk.” Oncotarget 8, no. 55 (November 2017): 94900–909. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20134.
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  - Skove, Stephanie L., Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Daniel M. Moreira, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Timing of Prostate-specific Antigen Nadir After Radical Prostatectomy and Risk of Biochemical Recurrence.” Urology 108 (October 2017): 129–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2017.07.009.
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  - Whitney, Colette A., Lauren E. Howard, Edwin M. Posadas, Christopher L. Amling, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, Martha K. Terris, and Stephen J. Freedland. “In Men with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Visceral Metastases Predict Shorter Overall Survival: What Predicts Visceral Metastases? Results from the SEARCH Database.” European Urology Focus 3, no. 4–5 (October 2017): 480–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2016.08.007.
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  - Scott-Emuakpor, Jem, Emma Allot, Stacy A. Johnson, Lauren E. Howard, Everardo Macias, Stephen J. Freedland, and Susan B. Gurley. “Angiotensin receptor signaling and prostate tumor growth in mice.” J Exp Ther Oncol 11, no. 2 (September 2017): 107–15.
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  - Simon, Ross M., Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Claus Roehrborn, Adriana Vidal, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Does Peak Urine Flow Rate Predict the Development of Incident Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men with Mild to No Current Symptoms? Results from REDUCE.” The Journal of Urology 198, no. 3 (September 2017): 650–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.04.075.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Zinan Chen, Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, Emanuela Taioli, et al. “Racial differences in prostate inflammation: results from the REDUCE study.” Oncotarget 8, no. 42 (September 2017): 71393–99. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.10690.
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  - McGinley, Kathleen F., Xizi Sun, Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Characterization of a "low-risk" cohort of grade group 2 prostate cancer patients: Results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database.” International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association 24, no. 8 (August 2017): 611–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.13387.
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  - Simon, Ross M., Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Martha K. Terris, Christopher J. Kane, William J. Aronson, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Predictors of operative time during radical retropubic prostatectomy and robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.” International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association 24, no. 8 (August 2017): 618–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.13393.
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  - Grant, Delores J., Zinan Chen, Lauren E. Howard, Emily Wiggins, Amanda De Hoedt, Adriana C. Vidal, Skyla T. Carney, et al. “UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer progression.” Bmc Cancer 17, no. 1 (July 3, 2017): 463. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017-3463-6.
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  - Guerrios-Rivera, Lourdes, Lauren Howard, Jennifer Frank, Amanda De Hoedt, Devon Beverly, Delores J. Grant, Cathrine Hoyo, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Is Body Mass Index the Best Adiposity Measure for Prostate Cancer Risk? Results From a Veterans Affairs Biopsy Cohort.” Urology 105 (July 2017): 129–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2017.03.042.
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  - Allott, Emma H., Lauren E. Howard, Adriana C. Vidal, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Statin Use, Serum Lipids, and Prostate Inflammation in Men with a Negative Prostate Biopsy: Results from the REDUCE Trial.” Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.) 10, no. 6 (June 2017): 319–26. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0019.
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  - Klaassen, Zachary, Lauren E. Howard, Amanda de Hoedt, Christopher L. Amling, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, Martha K. Terris, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Factors predicting skeletal-related events in patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.” Cancer 123, no. 9 (May 2017): 1528–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30505.
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  - Klaassen, Zachary, Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Gerald L. Andriole, Martha K. Terris, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Association of Obesity-Related Hemodilution of Prostate-Specific Antigen, Dihydrotestosterone, and Testosterone.” The Prostate 77, no. 5 (April 2017): 466–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.23285.
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  - Vidal, A. C., L. E. Howard, S. X. Sun, M. R. Cooperberg, C. J. Kane, W. J. Aronson, M. K. Terris, C. L. Amling, and S. J. Freedland. “Obesity and prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database.” Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 20, no. 1 (March 2017): 72–78. https://doi.org/10.1038/pcan.2016.47.
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  - Zapata, Daniel F., Lauren E. Howard, Jennifer Frank, Ross M. Simon, Cathrine Hoyo, Delores J. Grant, Stephen J. Freedland, and Adriana C. Vidal. “The association between sexual function and prostate cancer risk in US veterans.” Asian Journal of Andrology 19, no. 2 (March 2017): 191–95. https://doi.org/10.4103/1008-682x.184869.
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  - Feng, Tom, Lauren E. Howard, Adriana C. Vidal, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Serum cholesterol and risk of lower urinary tract symptoms progression: Results from the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events study.” International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association 24, no. 2 (February 2017): 151–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.13265.
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  - Moreira, Daniel M., Lauren E. Howard, Katharine N. Sourbeer, Hiruni S. Amarasekara, Lydia C. Chow, Dillon C. Cockrell, Connor L. Pratson, et al. “Predicting Time From Metastasis to Overall Survival in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Results From SEARCH.” Clinical Genitourinary Cancer 15, no. 1 (February 2017): 60-66.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clgc.2016.08.018.
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  - Zumsteg, Zachary S., Zinan Chen, Lauren E. Howard, Christopher L. Amling, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, et al. “Number of Unfavorable Intermediate-Risk Factors Predicts Pathologic Upstaging and Prostate Cancer-Specific Mortality Following Radical Prostatectomy: Results From the SEARCH Database.” The Prostate 77, no. 2 (February 2017): 154–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.23255.
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  - Howard, L. E., A. M. De Hoedt, W. J. Aronson, C. J. Kane, C. L. Amling, M. R. Cooperberg, M. K. Terris, C. H. Divers, A. Valderrama, and S. J. Freedland. “Do skeletal-related events predict overall survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer?” Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 19, no. 4 (December 2016): 380–84. https://doi.org/10.1038/pcan.2016.26.
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  - Whitney, Colette A., Lauren E. Howard, Christopher L. Amling, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, Martha K. Terris, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Race does not predict the development of metastases in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.” Cancer 122, no. 24 (December 2016): 3848–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30221.
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  - Freedland, Stephen J., Lauren E. Howard, Brian T. Hanyok, Vishnu K. Kadiyala, Jameson Y. Kuang, Colette A. Whitney, Floyd R. Wilks, et al. “Validation of a bone scan positivity risk table in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.” Bju International 118, no. 4 (October 2016): 570–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.13405.
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  - Freedland, Stephen J., Voleak Choeurng, Lauren Howard, Amanda De Hoedt, Marguerite du Plessis, Kasra Yousefi, Lucia L. Lam, et al. “Utilization of a Genomic Classifier for Prediction of Metastasis Following Salvage Radiation Therapy after Radical Prostatectomy.” European Urology 70, no. 4 (October 2016): 588–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2016.01.008.
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  - Moreira, Daniel M., Lauren E. Howard, Katharine N. Sourbeer, Hiruni S. Amarasekara, Lydia C. Chow, Dillon C. Cockrell, Brian T. Hanyok, et al. “Predictors of Time to Metastasis in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.” Urology 96 (October 2016): 171–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2016.06.011.
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  - Jamnagerwalla, Juzar, Lauren E. Howard, Adriana C. Vidal, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, and Stephen J. Freedland. “The Association between Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Prostate Cancer: Results from the REDUCE Study.” The Journal of Urology 196, no. 3 (September 2016): 715–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.03.172.
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  - Ehieli, Eric I., Lauren E. Howard, Terri G. Monk, Michael N. Ferrandino, Thomas J. Polascik, Philip J. Walther, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on blood loss during retropubic and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.” Int J Urol 23, no. 8 (August 2016): 674–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.13125.
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  - Fischer, Sean, Daniel Lin, Ross M. Simon, Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Christopher J. Kane, et al. “Do all men with pathological Gleason score 8-10 prostate cancer have poor outcomes? Results from the SEARCH database.” Bju International 118, no. 2 (August 2016): 250–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.13319.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Zinan Chen, Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, Emanuela Taioli, et al. “Racial differences in prostate inflammation: results from the REDUCE study.” Oncotarget, July 18, 2016. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.10690.
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  - Fischer, S., S. Sun, L. E. Howard, D. M. Moreira, R. Castro-Santamaria, G. L. Andriole, A. C. Vidal, and S. J. Freedland. “Baseline subject characteristics predictive of compliance with study-mandated prostate biopsy in men at risk of prostate cancer: results from REDUCE.” Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 19, no. 2 (June 2016): 202–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/pcan.2016.5.
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  - Simon, Ross M., Lauren E. Howard, Stephen J. Freedland, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, and Adriana C. Vidal. “Adverse pathology and undetectable ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy: is adjuvant radiation warranted?” Bju International 117, no. 6 (June 2016): 897–903. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.13182.
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  - Simon, Ross M., Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Claus Roehrborn, Adriana C. Vidal, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Does Prostate Size Predict the Development of Incident Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men with Mild to No Current Symptoms? Results from the REDUCE Trial.” European Urology 69, no. 5 (May 2016): 885–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2015.12.002.
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  - Allott, Emma H., Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Racial Differences in the Association Between Preoperative Serum Cholesterol and Prostate Cancer Recurrence: Results from the SEARCH Database.” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 25, no. 3 (March 2016): 547–54. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0876.
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  - McGinley, Kathleen F., Xizi Sun, Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Utilization and impact of surgical technique on the performance of pelvic lymph node dissection at radical prostatectomy: Results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database.” International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association 23, no. 3 (March 2016): 241–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.13027.
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  - Mithal, Prabhakar, Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher Amling, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Positive surgical margins in radical prostatectomy patients do not predict long-term oncological outcomes: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) cohort.” Bju International 117, no. 2 (February 2016): 244–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.13181.
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  - Hanyok, Brian T., Lauren E. Howard, Christopher L. Amling, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, Martha K. Terris, Edwin M. Posadas, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Is computed tomography a necessary part of a metastatic evaluation for castration-resistant prostate cancer? Results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital Database.” Cancer 122, no. 2 (January 2016): 222–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29748.
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  - Klaassen, Zachary, Lauren Howard, Martha K. Terris, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher L. Amling, Christopher J. Kane, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Does larger tumor volume explain the higher prostate specific antigen levels in black men with prostate cancer--Results from the SEARCH database.” Cancer Epidemiology 39, no. 6 (December 2015): 1066–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2015.09.007.
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  - Moreira, D. M., L. E. Howard, K. N. Sourbeer, H. S. Amarasekara, L. C. Chow, D. C. Cockrell, B. T. Hanyok, et al. “Predicting bone scan positivity in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.” Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases 18, no. 4 (December 2015): 333–37. https://doi.org/10.1038/pcan.2015.25.
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  - Zapata, Daniel, Lauren E. Howard, Emma H. Allott, Robert J. Hamilton, Kenneth Goldberg, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Is PSA related to serum cholesterol and does the relationship differ between black and white men?” Prostate 75, no. 16 (December 2015): 1877–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.23069.
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  - Feng, Tom, Xizi Sun, Lauren E. Howard, Adriana C. Vidal, Alexis R. Gaines, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Metformin use and risk of prostate cancer: results from the REDUCE study.” Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.) 8, no. 11 (November 2015): 1055–60. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0141.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Does Obesity Modify the Ability of Prebiopsy Prostate Specific Antigen to Detect Prostate Cancer on Repeat Biopsy? Results from the REDUCE Study.” The Journal of Urology 194, no. 1 (July 2015): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.111.
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  - Zapata, Daniel F., Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson, Christopher J. Kane, Martha K. Terris, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Smoking is a predictor of adverse pathological features at radical prostatectomy: Results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database.” International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association 22, no. 7 (July 2015): 658–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.12773.
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  - Simon, Ross M., Lauren Howard, Daniel Zapata, Jennifer Frank, Stephen J. Freedland, and Adriana C. Vidal. “The association of exercise with both erectile and sexual function in black and white men.” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 12, no. 5 (May 2015): 1202–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12869.
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  - Sourbeer, Katharine N., Lauren E. Howard, Gerald L. Andriole, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Stephen J. Freedland, and Adriana C. Vidal. “Metabolic syndrome-like components and prostate cancer risk: results from the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) study.” Bju International 115, no. 5 (May 2015): 736–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.12843.
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  - Mithal, Prabhakar, Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson, Christopher J. Kane, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Martha K. Terris, Christopher L. Amling, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Prostate-specific antigen level, stage or Gleason score: which is best for predicting outcomes after radical prostatectomy, and does it vary by the outcome being measured? Results from Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital database.” International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association 22, no. 4 (April 2015): 362–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.12704.
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  - Sourbeer, Katharine N., Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Hiruni S. Amarasekara, Lydia D. Chow, Dillon C. Cockrell, Brian T. Hanyok, et al. “Practice patterns and predictors of followup imaging after a negative bone scan in men with castration resistant prostate cancer: results from the SEARCH database.” The Journal of Urology 193, no. 4 (April 2015): 1232–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.11.014.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Christina D. Williams, Emma H. Allott, Lauren E. Howard, Delores J. Grant, Megan McPhail, Katharine N. Sourbeer, et al. “Carbohydrate intake, glycemic index and prostate cancer risk.” Prostate 75, no. 4 (March 1, 2015): 430–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.22929.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Aspirin, NSAIDs, and risk of prostate cancer: results from the REDUCE study.” Clinical Cancer Research : An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 21, no. 4 (February 2015): 756–62. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2235.
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  - Fowke, Jay H., Lauren Howard, Gerald L. Andriole, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Alcohol intake increases high-grade prostate cancer risk among men taking dutasteride in the REDUCE trial.” European Urology 66, no. 6 (December 2014): 1133–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2014.01.037.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Lauren E. Howard, Daniel M. Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L. Andriole, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Obesity increases the risk for high-grade prostate cancer: results from the REDUCE study.” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 23, no. 12 (December 2014): 2936–42. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0795.
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  - Allott, Emma H., Lauren E. Howard, Hai-Jun Song, Katharine N. Sourbeer, Bridget F. Koontz, Joseph K. Salama, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Racial differences in adipose tissue distribution and risk of aggressive prostate cancer among men undergoing radiotherapy.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 23, no. 11 (November 2014): 2404–12. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0236.
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  - Allott, Emma H., Lauren E. Howard, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Christopher L. Amling, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Postoperative statin use and risk of biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy: results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database.” Bju International 114, no. 5 (November 2014): 661–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.12720.
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  - Allott, Emma H., Lauren E. Howard, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Christopher L. Amling, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Serum lipid profile and risk of prostate cancer recurrence: Results from the SEARCH database.” Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 23, no. 11 (November 2014): 2349–56. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0458.
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  - Ho, Tammy, Lauren E. Howard, Adriana C. Vidal, Leah Gerber, Daniel Moreira, Madeleine McKeever, Gerald Andriole, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Smoking and risk of low- and high-grade prostate cancer: results from the REDUCE study.” Clin Cancer Res 20, no. 20 (October 15, 2014): 5331–38. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2394.
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  - Moreira, D. M., M. R. Cooperberg, L. E. Howard, W. J. Aronson, C. J. Kane, M. K. Terris, C. L. Amling, M. Kuchibhatla, and S. J. Freedland. “Predicting bone scan positivity after biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy in both hormone-naive men and patients receiving androgen-deprivation therapy: results from the SEARCH database.” Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 17, no. 1 (March 2014): 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1038/pcan.2013.59.
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- Conference Papers
  - Freedland, Stephen J., Jenifer Allen, Andrew J. Armstrong, Judd W. Moul, Howard M. Sandler, Dana Levin, Lauren E. Howard, and Pao-hwa Lin. “Interim analysis of a prospective randomized trial of dietary carbohydrate restriction for men with a rising PSA after failed primary treatment: Carbohydrate and Prostate Study 2 (CAPS2).” In Journal of Clinical Oncology, 36:382–382. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2018. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.382.
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  - Bedoya, A. D., R. Pleasants, J. Boggan, D. Seaman, L. Howard, A. Reihman, K. Welty-Wolf, and R. M. Tighe. “Characteristics Of Interstitial Lung Disease In The Mid-Atlantic Veterans Affairs Regional Network.” In American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 195. AMER THORACIC SOC, 2017.
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  - Fischer, Sean, Xizi Sun, Lauren E. Howard, Daniel Moreira, Ramiro Castro, Gerald L. Andriole, Adriana Vidal, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Baseline subject characteristics to predict compliance with study-mandated prostate biopsy in men at risk of prostate cancer: Results from REDUCE.” In Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34:6–6. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2016. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.6.
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  - Vidal, Adriana, Lauren Howard, Daniel Moreira, Ramiro Castro, Gerald L. Andriole, Emanuela Taioli, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Does prostate inflammation on a negative prostate biopsy vary by race? Results from the REDUCE study.” In Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34:116–116. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2016. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.116.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Lauren E. Howard, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher J. Kane, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Christopher L. Amling, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Abstract 880: Obesity predicts prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy: Results from the SEARCH database.” In Epidemiology. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-880.
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  - Klaassen, Zachary, Abhay A. Singh, Lauren E. Howard, Zhaoyong Feng, Bruce Trock, Martha K. Terris, William J. Aronson, et al. “Is clinical stage T2c prostate cancer an intermediate- or high-risk disease?” In Cancer, 121:1414–21, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29147.
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  - McGinley, Kathleen F., Xizi Sun, Lauren E. Howard, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Christopher J. Kane, Christopher L. Amling, Matthew R. Cooperberg, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Can Gleason 7 prostate cancer ever be low-risk? Results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database.” In Journal of Clinical Oncology, 33:57–57. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2015. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.57.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Christina C. Williams, Emma H. Allott, Lauren E. Howard, Delores J. Grant, Megan McPhail, Katharine N. Sourbeer, Paolo Boffetta, Cathrine Hoyo, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Abstract 1265: Carbohydrate intake, glycemic index and prostate cancer risk.” In Epidemiology. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1265.
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  - Ehieli, E. I., L. Howard, S. J. Freedland, and T. G. Monk. “THE EFFECT OF PEEP ON BLOOD LOSS DURING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY.” In Anesthesia and Analgesia, 118:S86–S86. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2014.
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Selected Publications

Academic Articles

Conference Papers