Leslie M. Collins | Scholars@Duke

Leslie M. Collins
Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Leslie M. Collins earned the BSEE degree from the University of Kentucky, and the MSEE, and PhD degrees from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. From 1986 through 1990 she was a Senior Engineer at Westinghouse Research and Development Center in Pittsburgh, PA. She joined Duke in 1995 as an Assistant Professor and was promoted to Associate Professor in 2002 and to Professor in 2007. Her research interests include physics-based statistical signal processing, subsurface sensing, auditory prostheses and pattern recognition. She is a member of the Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and Eta Kappa Nu honor societies. Dr. Collins has been a member of the team formed to transition MURI-developed algorithms and hardware to the Army HSTAMIDS and GSTAMIDS landmine detection systems. She has been the principal investigator on research projects from ARO, NVESD, SERDP, ESTCP, NSF, and NIH. Dr. Collins was the PI on the DoD UXO Cleanup Project of the Year in 2000. As of 2015, Dr. Collins has graduated 15 PhD students.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2007
Faculty Network Member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, University Institutes and Centers 2011
Faculty Network Member of The Energy Initiative, Duke University Energy Initiative, Initiatives 2015

Contact Information

3461 CIEMAS, Durham, NC 27708
Box 90291, Durham, NC 27708-0291
lcollins@ee.duke.edu (919) 660-5260
Duke Applied Machine Learning Lab

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 1995
- M.Sc.Eng., University of Michigan at Ann Arbor 1986
- B.S.E., University of Kentucky at Lexington 1985
Duke Appointment History
- Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2015 - 2018
- Chair of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2007 - 2011
- Assistant Professor of Surgery, Surgery, Clinical Science Departments 2010 - 2011
- Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2002 - 2007
- Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2003 - 2005
- Assistant Professor in Surgery, Surgery, Clinical Science Departments 2000 - 2003
- Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1996 - 2002
- Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1996 - 2000
- Assistant Research Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1995
Recognition
In the News
- SEP 21, 2018 Pratt School of Engineering
  
  Listening to Broken Hearts, Saving Lives
- OCT 4, 2016
  
  Smart Meters: Duke Engineers Seek Energy Insights by Reading a Building's Electrical Signatures
- AUG 31, 2016
  
  Pratt Researchers Are Using Deep Learning to Distinguish Solar Panels from Swimming Pools
Research
Selected Grants
- Deep Context-aware Discriminative Learning for Buried Threat Detection: single sensor processing and multi-sensor fusion awarded by Army Research Office 2017 - 2022
- Using Machine Learning to Mitigate Reverberation Effects in Cochlear Implants awarded by National Institutes of Health 2015 - 2020
- Optimizing cochlear implant sound processor configurations via neural response properties to improve speech comprehension 2018 - 2019
- Information Aggregation for IED Identification with GPR, Video, and Electromagnetic Induction: Within Sensor Processing awarded by Army Research Office 2013 - 2018
- Data Extraction and Reporting Tool for Aspen Simulator Data 2017
- Advanced Algorithm Development for Handheld Landmine And Other Explosive Threats awarded by Army Research Office 2014 - 2017
- Dual Band Forward Looking GPR Processing for Landmine and IED Detection awarded by United States Army 2012 - 2017
- Towards Clinical Acceptability: Enhancing the P300-based Brain-Computer Interface awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2016
- Statistical Signal Processing for Remote Sensing of Targets: Proposal for Terrestrial Science Program awarded by Army Research Office 2009 - 2013
- Statistical Signal Processing for Robust Automated UXO Classification 2010 - 2011
- Speech Processor Optimization for Cochlear Implants awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2011
- Terrestrial Remote Sensing Equipment Proposal awarded by Army Research Office 2010 - 2011
- Statistical Signal Processing For Landmine and Ordnance Detection and Discrimination awarded by Army Research Office 2006 - 2011
- Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing for UXO Discrimination for Next-Generation Sensor Data 2005 - 2009
- Theme-based Redesign of the Duke ECE Undergraduate Curriculum at Duke University awarded by National Science Foundation 2004 - 2008
- A Vertically-Integrated Application-Driven Undergraduate Signal Processing Laboratory awarded by National Science Foundation 2004 - 2008
- Statistical Signal Processing and Modeling for Demining awarded by Army Research Office 2000 - 2008
- Adaptive Multi-Modality Inverse Scattering for Targets Embedded in General Stochastic Environments awarded by Army Research Office 2002 - 2007
- Modeling and Signal Processing for EMI Sensing of Landmines, In Support of AMD System (supplement) awarded by Office of Naval Research 2004 - 2006
- Signal Processing and Modeling for UXO Detection and Discrimination in Highly Contaminated Sites 2002 - 2005
- Theme-based Redesign of the Duke ECE Curriculum awarded by National Science Foundation 2003 - 2005
- Multi-Sensor Physics-Based Classification of Unexploded Ordnance awarded by Army Research Office 2002 - 2005
- Duke University Signal Processing and Communications Laboratory 2002 - 2005
- Optimizing Noise-based Enhancement of Speech Recognition by Cochlear Implant Patients awarded by National Science Foundation 2000 - 2003
- Cat Auditory Nerve Response to Small Electrical Pulses awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2002
- Improved Landmine Detection and Identification: Combining Statistical Decision Making and Auditory-based Optimizat awarded by Army Research Office 1998 - 2001
- Statistical Signal Processing for Demining: Experimental Verification awarded by Army Research Office 1999 - 2000
- (97-0906) Psychophysical Measures in Cochlear Implant Subjects awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 1999
- Preliminary Research to Investigate the Feasibility of a Novel Signal 1998 - 1999
- (96-0397) Psychophysical Measures in Cochlear Implant Subjects awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 1998
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Harmon, R. S., C. S. Throckmorton, R. R. Hark, J. L. Gottfried, G. Wörner, K. Harpp, and L. Collins. “Discriminating volcanic centers with handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).” Journal of Archaeological Science 98 (October 1, 2018): 112–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2018.07.009.
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  - Ryan, David B., Kenneth A. Colwell, Chandra S. Throckmorton, Leslie M. Collins, Kevin Caves, and Eric W. Sellers. “Evaluating Brain-Computer Interface Performance in an ALS Population: Checkerboard and Color Paradigms..” Clin Eeg Neurosci 49, no. 2 (March 2018): 114–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1550059417737443.
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  - Camilo, J. A., L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “A large comparison of feature-based approaches for buried target classification in forward-looking ground-penetrating radar.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 56 (January 1, 2018): 547–58. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2751461.
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  - Reichman, D., L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “On choosing training and testing data for supervised algorithms in ground-penetrating radar data for buried threat detection.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 497–507. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2750920.
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  - Harmon, R. S., R. R. Hark, C. S. Throckmorton, E. C. Rankey, M. A. Wise, A. M. Somers, and L. M. Collins. “Geochemical Fingerprinting by Handheld Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.” Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 563–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12175.
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  - Sakaguchi, R., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “A Comparison of Feature Representations for Explosive Threat Detection in Ground Penetrating Radar Data.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 55, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 6736–45. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2732226.
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  - Kalika, Dmitry, Leslie Collins, Kevin Caves, and Chandra Throckmorton. “Fusion of P300 and eye-tracker data for spelling using BCI2000..” J Neural Eng 14, no. 5 (October 2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/aa776b.
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  - Mainsah, B. O., G. Reeves, L. M. Collins, and C. S. Throckmorton. “Optimizing the stimulus presentation paradigm design for the P300-based brain-computer interface using performance prediction..” Journal of Neural Engineering 14, no. 4 (August 2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/aa7525.
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  - Bradbury, K., R. Saboo, T. L. Johnson, J. M. Malof, A. Devarajan, W. Zhang, L. M. Collins, and R. G. Newell. “Distributed solar photovoltaic array location and extent dataset for remote sensing object identification.” Scientific Data 3 (December 6, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.106.
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  - Clements, J. M., E. W. Sellers, D. B. Ryan, K. Caves, L. M. Collins, and C. S. Throckmorton. “Applying dynamic data collection to improve dry electrode system performance for a P300-based brain-computer interface..” J Neural Eng 13, no. 6 (December 2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/13/6/066018.
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  - Mainsah, B. O., L. M. Collins, and C. S. Throckmorton. “Using the detectability index to predict P300 speller performance..” Journal of Neural Engineering 13, no. 6 (December 2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/13/6/066007.
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  - Malof, J. M., K. Bradbury, L. M. Collins, and R. G. Newell. “Automatic detection of solar photovoltaic arrays in high resolution aerial imagery.” Applied Energy 183 (December 1, 2016): 229–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.191.
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  - Malof, J. M., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “A Probabilistic Model for Designing Multimodality Landmine Detection Systems to Improve Rates of Advance.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 54, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 5258–70. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2016.2559505.
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  - Mainsah, Boyla O., Kenneth D. Morton, Leslie M. Collins, Eric W. Sellers, and Chandra S. Throckmorton. “Moving Away From Error-Related Potentials to Achieve Spelling Correction in P300 Spellers..” Ieee Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : A Publication of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 23, no. 5 (September 2015): 737–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2014.2374471.
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  - Czarnek, Nicholas, Kenneth Morton, Leslie Collins, Stacy Tantum, and Chandra Throckmorton. “The impact of time on seizure prediction performance in the FSPEEG database..” Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B 48 (July 2015): 79–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.058.
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  - Throckmorton, C. S., W. J. Mayew, M. Venkatachalam, and L. M. Collins. “Financial fraud detection using vocal, linguistic and financial cues.” Decision Support Systems 74 (June 1, 2015): 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2015.04.006.
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  - Manandhar, A., P. A. Torrione, L. M. Collins, and K. D. Morton. “Multiple-instance hidden markov model for GPR-based landmine detection.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 53, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 1737–45. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2014.2346954.
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  - Mainsah, B. O., L. M. Collins, K. A. Colwell, E. W. Sellers, D. B. Ryan, K. Caves, and C. S. Throckmorton. “Increasing BCI communication rates with dynamic stopping towards more practical use: an ALS study..” J Neural Eng 12, no. 1 (February 2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/12/1/016013.
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  - Knox, M., P. Torrione, L. Collins, and K. Morton. “Buried threat detection using a handheld ground penetrating radar system.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 9454 (January 1, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177812.
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  - Manandhar, A., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “A nonparametric bayesian approach to multiple instance learning.” International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 29, no. 3 (January 1, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218001415510015.
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  - Colwell, Kenneth, Chandra Throckmorton, Leslie Collins, and Kenneth Morton. “Projected accuracy metric for the P300 Speller..” Ieee Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : A Publication of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 22, no. 5 (September 2014): 921–25. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2014.2324892.
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  - Colwell, K. A., D. B. Ryan, C. S. Throckmorton, E. W. Sellers, and L. M. Collins. “Channel selection methods for the P300 Speller..” J Neurosci Methods 232 (July 30, 2014): 6–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.04.009.
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  - Mainsah, Boyla O., Kenneth A. Colwell, Leslie M. Collins, and Chandra S. Throckmorton. “Utilizing a language model to improve online dynamic data collection in P300 spellers..” Ieee Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : A Publication of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 22, no. 4 (July 2014): 837–46. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2014.2321290.
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  - Desmond, Jill M., Leslie M. Collins, and Chandra S. Throckmorton. “The effects of reverberant self- and overlap-masking on speech recognition in cochlear implant listeners..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135, no. 6 (June 2014): EL304–10. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4879673.
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  - Ratto, C. R., K. D. M. Jr, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Bayesian context-dependent learning for anomaly classification in hyperspectral imagery.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 52, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 1969–81. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2257175.
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  - Ratto, C. R., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Analysis of linear prediction for soil characterization in gpr data for countermine applications.” Sensing and Imaging 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11220-014-0086-8.
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  - Torrione, P. A., K. D. Morton, R. Sakaguchi, and L. M. Collins. “Histograms of oriented gradients for landmine detection in ground-penetrating radar data.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 52, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 1539–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2252016.
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  - Desmond, Jill M., Leslie M. Collins, and Chandra S. Throckmorton. “Using channel-specific statistical models to detect reverberation in cochlear implant stimuli..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134, no. 2 (August 2013): 1112–20. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4812273.
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  - Throckmorton, Chandra S., Kenneth A. Colwell, David B. Ryan, Eric W. Sellers, and Leslie M. Collins. “Bayesian approach to dynamically controlling data collection in P300 spellers..” Ieee Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 21, no. 3 (May 2013): 508–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2013.2253125.
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  - Ratto, C. R., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Bayesian Context-Dependent Learning for Anomaly Classification in Hyperspectral Imagery.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2013.
  - Tantum, S. L., W. R. Scott, K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Target classification and identification using sparse model representations of frequency-domain electromagnetic induction sensor data.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 51, no. 5 (January 1, 2013): 2689–2706. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2012.2215876.
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  - Torrione, P. A., K. D. Morton, R. Sakaguchi, and L. M. Collins. “Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Landmine Detection in Ground-Penetrating Radar Data.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2013.
  - Duran, Sara I., Leslie M. Collins, and Chandra S. Throckmorton. “Stream segregation on a single electrode as a function of pulse rate in cochlear implant listeners..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132, no. 6 (December 2012): 3849–55. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4764875.
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  - Dedigama, A., M. Angelo, P. Torrione, T. H. Kim, S. Wolter, W. Lampert, A. Atewologun, et al. “Hemin-functionalized InAs-based high sensitivity room temperature NO gas sensors.” Journal of Physical Chemistry C 116, no. 1 (January 12, 2012): 826–33. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp2086889.
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  - Morton, K. D., P. A. Torrione, and L. M. Collins. “Variational bayesian learning for mixture autoregressive models with uncertain-order.” Ieee Transactions on Signal Processing 59, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 2614–27. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2011.2128310.
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  - Ratto, C. R., P. A. Torrione, and L. M. Collins. “Exploiting ground-penetrating radar phenomenology in a context-dependent framework for landmine detection and discrimination.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 49, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 1689–1700. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2010.2084093.
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  - Kolba, M. P., W. R. Scott, and L. M. Collins. “A framework for information-based sensor management for the detection of static targets.” Ieee Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A:Systems and Humans 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 105–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCA.2010.2058098.
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  - Ratto, C. R., P. A. Torrione, and L. M. Collins. “Context-dependent feature selection using unsupervised contexts applied to GPR-based landmine detection.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 7664 (December 1, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.850906.
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  - Alvey, D. C., K. Morton, R. S. Harmon, J. L. Gottfried, J. J. Remus, L. M. Collins, and M. A. Wise. “Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-based geochemical fingerprinting for the rapid analysis and discrimination of minerals: The example of garnet.” Applied Optics 49, no. 13 (May 1, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.49.00C168.
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  - Ybarra, G. A., L. M. Collins, L. G. Huettel, K. D. Coonley, H. Z. Massoud, J. A. Board, S. A. Cummer, et al. “Integrated sensing and information processing theme-based redesign of the undergraduate electrical and computer engineering curriculum at Duke University.” Advances in Engineering Education 2, no. 4 (2010).
  - Stohl, Joshua S., Chandra S. Throckmorton, and Leslie M. Collins. “Investigating the effects of stimulus duration and context on pitch perception by cochlear implant users..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 126, no. 1 (July 2009): 318–26. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3133246.
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  - Harmon, R. S., J. Remus, N. J. McMillan, C. McManus, L. Collins, J. L. Gottfried, F. C. DeLucia, and A. W. Miziolek. “LIBS analysis of geomaterials: Geochemical fingerprinting for the rapid analysis and discrimination of minerals.” Applied Geochemistry 24, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 1125–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.02.009.
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  - Tantum, S. L., Q. Zhu, P. A. Torrione, and L. M. Collins. “Modeling position error probability density functions for statistical inversions using a Goff-Jordan rough surface model.” Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 23, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 155–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-007-0210-6.
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  - Morton, Kenneth D., Peter A. Torrione, Chandra S. Throckmorton, and Leslie M. Collins. “Mandarin Chinese tone identification in cochlear implants: predictions from acoustic models..” Hearing Research 244, no. 1–2 (October 2008): 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2008.07.008.
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  - Stohl, Joshua S., Chandra S. Throckmorton, and Leslie M. Collins. “Assessing the pitch structure associated with multiple rates and places for cochlear implant users..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 2 (February 2008): 1043–53. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2821980.
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  - Remus, Jeremiah J., and Leslie M. Collins. “Comparison of adaptive psychometric procedures motivated by the theory of optimal experiments: simulated and experimental results..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 1 (January 2008): 315–26. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2816567.
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  - Tantum, S. L., Y. Yu, and L. M. Collins. “Bayesian mitigation of sensor position errors to improve unexploded ordnance detection.” Ieee Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 103–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2007.912088.
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  - Remus, Jeremiah J., Chandra S. Throckmorton, and Leslie M. Collins. “Expediting the identification of impaired channels in cochlear implants via analysis of speech-based confusion matrices..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 54, no. 12 (December 2007): 2193–2204. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2007.908336.
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  - Xu, Yifang, and Leslie M. Collins. “Predictions of psychophysical measurements for sinusoidal amplitude modulated (SAM) pulse-train stimuli from a stochastic model..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 54, no. 8 (August 2007): 1389–98. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2007.900800.
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  - Torrione, P., and L. M. Collins. “Texture features for antitank landmine detection using ground penetrating radar.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 45, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 2374–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2007.896548.
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  - Kolba, M. P., and L. M. Collins. “Information-based sensor management in the presence of uncertainty.” Ieee Transactions on Signal Processing 55, no. 6 I (June 1, 2007): 2731–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2007.893905.
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  - Throckmorton, Chandra S., M. Selin Kucukoglu, Jeremiah J. Remus, and Leslie M. Collins. “The effect of frequency estimation on speech recognition using an acoustic model of a cochlear implant..” Hearing Research 228, no. 1–2 (June 2007): 230–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2007.03.002.
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  - Remus, Jeremiah J., and Leslie M. Collins. “A comparison of adaptive psychometric procedures based on the theory of optimal experiments and bayesian techniques: implications for cochlear implant testing..” Perception & Psychophysics 69, no. 3 (April 2007): 311–23. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193752.
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  - Throckmorton, C. S., S. L. Tantum, Y. Tan, and L. M. Collins. “Independent component analysis for UXO detection in highly cluttered environments.” Journal of Applied Geophysics 61, no. 3–4 (March 19, 2007): 304–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2006.05.007.
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  - Liao, Y., L. W. Nolte, and L. M. Collins. “Decision fusion of ground-penetrating radar and metal detector algorithms - A robust approach.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 45, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 398–409. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.888096.
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  - Huettel, L. G., A. S. Brown, K. D. Coonley, M. R. Gustafson, J. Kim, G. A. Ybarra, and L. M. Collins. “Fundamentals of ECE: A rigorous, integrated introduction to electrical and computer engineering.” Ieee Transactions on Education 50, no. 3 (2007): 174–81. https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2007.900020.
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  - Throckmorton, Chandra S., M. Selin Kucukoglu, Jeremiah J. Remus, and Leslie M. Collins. “Acoustic model investigation of a multiple carrier frequency algorithm for encoding fine frequency structure: implications for cochlear implants..” Hearing Research 218, no. 1–2 (August 2006): 30–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2006.03.020.
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  - Song, J., Q. H. Liu, P. Torrione, and L. Collins. “Two-dimensional and three-dimensional NUFFT migration method for landmine detection using ground-penetrating radar.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 44, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1462–69. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.870412.
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  - Torrione, P. A., C. S. Throckmorton, and L. M. Collins. “Performance of an adaptive feature-based processor for a wideband ground penetrating radar system.” Ieee Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 42, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 644–58. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAES.2006.1642579.
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  - Remus, J. J., and L. M. Collins. “The effects of noise on speech recognition in cochlear implant subjects: Predictions and analysis using acoustic models.” Eurasip Journal on Applied Signal Processing 2005, no. 18 (December 1, 2005): 2979–90. https://doi.org/10.1155/ASP.2005.2979.
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  - Tan, Y., S. L. Tantum, and L. M. Collins. “Kalman filtering for enhanced landmine detection using quadrupole resonance.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 43, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 1507–16. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2005.846863.
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  - Xu, Yifang, and Leslie M. Collins. “Predicting dynamic range and intensity discrimination for electrical pulse-train stimuli using a stochastic auditory nerve model: the effects of stimulus noise..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 52, no. 6 (June 2005): 1040–49. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2005.846718.
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  - Zhu, Q., and L. M. Collins. “Application of feature extraction methods for landmine detection using the wichmann/niitek ground-penetrating radar.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 81–85. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.839431.
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  - Zhu, Q., and L. M. Collins. “Application of feature extraction methods for landmine detection using the Wichmann/Niitek ground-penetrating radar.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 81–85. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.839431.
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  - Hu, W., S. L. Tantum, and L. M. Collins. “EMI-based classification of multiple closely spaced subsurface objects via independent component analysis.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 42, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 2544–54. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.835223.
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  - Hu, W., and L. M. Collins. “Classification of closely spaced subsurface objects using electromagnetic induction data and blind source separation algorithms.” Radio Science 39, no. 4 (July 1, 2004). https://doi.org/10.1029/2003RS002968.
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  - Riggs, L., S. Chilaka, L. Collins, L. Lowe, and R. Weaver. “Discrimination experiments with the U.S. Army's standard metal detector.” Radio Science 39, no. 4 (July 1, 2004). https://doi.org/10.1029/2003RS002955.
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  - Huettel, L. G., and L. M. Collins. “A theoretical analysis of normal- And impaired-hearing intensity discrimination.” Ieee Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 12, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 323–33. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSA.2004.825672.
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  - Tan, Y., S. L. Tantum, and L. M. Collins. “Cramer-Rao lower bound for estimating quadrupole resonance signals in non-Gaussian noise.” Ieee Signal Processing Letters 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 490–93. https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2004.826657.
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  - Xu, Yifang, and Leslie M. Collins. “Predicting the threshold of pulse-train electrical stimuli using a stochastic auditory nerve model: the effects of stimulus noise..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 51, no. 4 (April 2004): 590–603. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2004.824143.
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  - Huettel, Lisa G., and Leslie M. Collins. “Predicting auditory tone-in-noise detection performance: the effects of neural variability..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 51, no. 2 (February 2004): 282–93. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2003.820395.
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  - Ho, K. C., L. M. Collins, L. G. Huettel, and P. D. Gader. “Discrimination mode processing for EMI and GPR sensors for hand-held land mine detection.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 249–63. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.817804.
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  - Zhang, Y., L. M. Collins, and L. Carin. “Unexploded ordnance detection using Bayesian physics-based data fusion.” Integrated Computer Aided Engineering 10, no. 3 (December 1, 2003): 231–47.
  - Tantum, S. L., and L. M. Collins. “Performance bounds and a parameter transformation for decay rate estimation.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 41, no. 10 PART I (October 1, 2003): 2224–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.814660.
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  - Xu, Yifang, and Leslie M. Collins. “Predicting the threshold of single-pulse electrical stimuli using a stochastic auditory nerve model: the effects of noise..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 50, no. 7 (July 2003): 825–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2003.813542.
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  - Ferguson, William D., Leslie M. Collins, and David W. Smith. “Psychophysical threshold variability in cochlear implant subjects..” Hearing Research 180, no. 1–2 (June 2003): 101–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(03)00111-4.
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  - Zhang, Y., L. Collins, H. Yu, C. E. Baum, and L. Carin. “Sensing of unexploded ordnance with magnetometer and induction data: Theory and signal processing.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 41, no. 5 PART 1 (May 1, 2003): 1005–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2003.810922.
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  - Huettel, L. G., and L. M. Collins. “A theoretical comparison of information transmission in the peripheral auditory system: Normal and impaired frequency discrimination.” Speech Communication 39, no. 1–2 (January 1, 2003): 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6393(02)00055-9.
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  - Throckmorton, Chandra S., and Leslie M. Collins. “The effect of channel interactions on speech recognition in cochlear implant subjects: predictions from an acoustic model..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 1 (July 2002): 285–96. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1482073.
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  - Collins, L., P. Gao, D. Schofield, J. P. Moulton, L. C. Makowsky, D. M. Reidy, and R. C. Weaver. “A statistical approach to landmine detection using broadband electromagnetic induction data.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 40, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 950–62. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2002.1006387.
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  - Throckmorton, C. S., and L. M. Collins. “A comparison of two loudness balancing tasks in cochlear implant subjects using bipolar stimulation..” Ear and Hearing 22, no. 5 (October 2001): 439–48. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003446-200110000-00008.
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  - Tantum, S. L., and L. M. Collins. “A comparison of algorithms for subsurface target detection and identification using time-domain electromagnetic induction data.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 39, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 1299–1306. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.927453.
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  - Dogaru, T., L. Collins, and L. Carin. “Optimal time-domain detection of a deterministic target buried under a randomly rough interface.” Ieee Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 49, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 313–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/8.918604.
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  - Collins, L. M., Y. Zhang, J. Li, H. Wang, L. Carin, S. J. Hart, S. L. Rose-Pehrsson, H. H. Nelson, and J. R. McDonald. “A comparison of the performance of statistical and fuzzy algorithms for unexploded ordnance detection.” Ieee Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1109/91.917111.
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  - Gao, P., and L. M. Collins. “A theoretical performance analysis and simulation of time-domain EMI sensor data for land mine detection.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 38, no. 4 II (December 1, 2000): 2042–55. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.851785.
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  - Collins, L. M., and C. S. Throckmorton. “Investigating perceptual features of electrode stimulation via a multidimensional scaling paradigm..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, no. 5 Pt 1 (November 2000): 2353–65. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1314320.
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  - Ping Gao, W., L. Collins, P. M. Garber, N. Geng, and L. Carin. “Classification of landmine-like metal targets using wideband electromagnetic induction.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 38, no. 3 (May 2000): 1352–61. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.843029.
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  - Gao, P., and L. M. Collins. “Two-dimensional generalized likelihood ratio test for land mine and small unexploded ordnance detection.” Signal Processing 80, no. 8 (January 1, 2000): 1669–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1684(00)00100-6.
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  - Collins, L., P. Gao, and L. Carin. “An improved bayesian decision theoretic approach for land mine detection.” Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 37, no. 2 I (December 1, 1999): 811–19. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.752197.
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  - Huettel, L. G., and L. M. Collins. “Using computational auditory models to predict simultaneous masking data: model comparison..” Ieee Transactions on Bio Medical Engineering 46, no. 12 (December 1999): 1432–40. https://doi.org/10.1109/10.804571.
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  - Pfingst, B. E., L. A. Holloway, T. A. Zwolan, and L. M. Collins. “Effects of stimulus level on electrode-place discrimination in human subjects with cochlear implants..” Hearing Research 134, no. 1–2 (August 1999): 105–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(99)00079-9.
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  - Throckmorton, C. S., and L. M. Collins. “Investigation of the effects of temporal and spatial interactions on speech-recognition skills in cochlear-implant subjects..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 Pt 1 (February 1999): 861–73. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.426275.
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  - Gao, P., and L. Collins. “Comparison of optimal and suboptimal processors for classification of buried metal objects.” Ieee Signal Processing Letters 6, no. 8 (January 1, 1999): 216–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/97.774871.
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  - Gresham, L. C., and L. M. Collins. “Analysis of the performance of a model-based optimal auditory signal processor..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, no. 5 Pt 1 (May 1998): 2520–29. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.422773.
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  - Zwolan, T. A., L. M. Collins, and G. H. Wakefield. “Electrode discrimination and speech recognition in postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant subjects..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102, no. 6 (December 1997): 3673–85. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.420401.
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  - Collins, L. M., T. A. Zwolan, and G. H. Wakefield. “Comparison of electrode discrimination, pitch ranking, and pitch scaling data in postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant subjects..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101, no. 1 (January 1997): 440–55. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.417989.
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  - Collins, L. M., G. H. Wakefield, and G. R. Feinman. “Temporal pattern discrimination and speech recognition under electrical stimulation..” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, no. 5 Pt 1 (November 1994): 2731–37. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.411279.
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  - Collins, L. M., G. H. Wakefield, and G. R. Feinman. “Temporal pattern discrimination and speech recognition under electrical simulation.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, no. 5 pt 1 (1994).
- Book Sections
  - Torrione, P., L. M. Collins, and K. D. Morton. “Multivariate analysis, chemometrics, and machine learning in laser spectroscopy.” In Laser Spectroscopy for Sensing: Fundamentals, Techniques and Applications, 125–64, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857098733.1.125.
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  - Tantum, S. L., Y. Tan, and L. M. Collins. “Kalman filtering for weak signal detection in remote sensing.” In Signal Processing for Remote Sensing, 127–50, 2007.
  - Tantum, S. L., Y. Tan, and L. M. Collins. “Kalman filtering for weak signal detection in remote sensing.” In Signal and Image Processing for Remote Sensing, 129–52, 2006.
- Conference Papers
  - Prabhudesai, K. S., L. M. Collins, and B. O. Mainsah. “Automated feature learning using deep convolutional auto-encoder neural network for clustering electroencephalograms into sleep stages.” In International Ieee/Embs Conference on Neural Engineering, Ner, 2019-March:937–40, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/NER.2019.8716996.
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  - Shahidi, L., L. Collins, and B. Mainsah. “Application of a Graphical Model to Investigate the Utility of Cross-Channel Information for Mitigating Reverberation in Cochlear Implants.” In Proceedings 17th Ieee International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, Icmla 2018, 847–52, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLA.2018.00136.
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  - Jacobson, S., D. Reichman, J. Bjornstad, L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “Reliable training of convolutional neural networks for GPR-based buried threat detection using the Adam optimizer and batch normalization.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 11012, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2519798.
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  - Stump, E., D. Reichman, L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “An exploration of gradient-based features for buried threat detection using a handheld ground penetrating radar.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 11012, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2519949.
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  - Stump, E., D. Reichman, L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “How transferable are downward-looking and handheld ground penetrating radar data? Experiments in the context of buried threat detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 11012, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2519969.
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  - Huang, B., D. Reichman, L. M. Collins, K. Bradbury, and J. M. Malof. “On the extraction of training imagery from very large remote sensing datasets for deep convolutional segmenatation networks.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 2018-July:6895–98, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8519523.
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  - Huang, B., K. Lu, N. Audebert, A. Khalel, Y. Tarabalka, J. Malof, A. Boulch, et al. “Large-scale semantic classification: Outcome of the first year of inria aerial image labeling benchmark.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 2018-July:6947–50, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8518525.
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  - Huang, B., L. M. Collins, K. Bradbury, and J. M. Malof. “Deep convolutional segmentation of remote sensing imagery: A simple and efficient alternative to stitching output labels.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 2018-July:6899–6902, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8518701.
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  - Wang, R., L. M. Collins, K. Bradbury, and J. M. Malof. “Semisupervised adversarial discriminative domain adaptation, with application to remote sensing data.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 2018-July:3611–14, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8518096.
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  - Prabhudesai, K. S., B. O. Mainsah, L. M. Collins, and C. S. Throckmorton. “Augmented Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Lda) Topic Model with Gaussian Mixture Topics.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, 2018-April:2451–55, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2018.8462003.
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  - Malof, J. M., S. Chelikani, L. M. Collins, and K. Bradbury. “Trading spatial resolution for improved accuracy in remote sensing imagery: An empirical study using synthetic data.” In Proceedings Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, Vol. 2017-October, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIPR.2017.8457961.
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  - Wang, R., J. Camilo, L. M. Collins, K. Bradbury, and J. M. Malof. “The poor generalization of deep convolutional networks to aerial imagery from new geographic locations: An empirical study with solar array detection.” In Proceedings Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, Vol. 2017-October, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIPR.2017.8457965.
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  - Wang, R., J. Camilo, L. M. Collins, K. Bradbury, and J. M. Malof. “The poor generalization of deep convolutional networks to aerial imagery from new geographic locations: An empirical study with solar array detection.” In Proceedings Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop, Vol. 2017-October, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIPR.2017.8457960.
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  - Clements, J. M., R. Kopper, D. J. Zielinski, H. Rao, M. A. Sommer, E. Kirsch, B. O. Mainsah, L. M. Collins, and L. G. Appelbaum. “Neurophysiology of Visual-Motor Learning during a Simulated Marksmanship Task in Immersive Virtual Reality.” In 25th Ieee Conference on Virtual Reality and 3d User Interfaces, Vr 2018 Proceedings, 451–58, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2018.8446068.
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  - Chu, K., C. Throckmorton, L. Collins, and B. Mainsah. “Using machine learning to mitigate the effects of reverberation and noise in cochlear implants.” In Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, Vol. 33, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1121/2.0000905.
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  - Mainsah, B. O., D. Kalika, L. M. Collins, S. Liu, and C. S. Throckmorton. “Information-based adaptive stimulus selection to optimize communication efficiency in brain-computer interfaces.” In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2018-December:4820–30, 2018.
  - Malof, J. M., D. Reichman, and L. M. Collins. “How do we choose the best model? The impact of cross-validation design on model evaluation for buried threat detection in ground penetrating radar.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 10628, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2305793.
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  - Malof, J. M., J. Bralich, D. Reichman, and L. M. Collins. “Improving the histogram of oriented gradient feature for threat detection in ground penetrating radar by implementing it as a trainable convolutional neural network.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 10628, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2305797.
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  - Reichman, D., L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “If training data appears to be mislabeled, should we relabel it? Improving supervised learning algorithms for threat detection in ground penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 10628, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2305881.
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  - Reichman, D., L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “How much shape information is enough, or too much? Designing imaging descriptors for threat detection in ground penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 10628, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2305880.
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  - Huang, B., M. Knox, K. Bradbury, L. M. Collins, and R. G. Newell. “Non-intrusive load monitoring system performance over a range of low frequency sampling rates.” In 2017 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, Icrera 2017, 2017-January:505–9, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRERA.2017.8191111.
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  - Malof, J. M., L. M. Collins, and K. Bradbury. “A deep convolutional neural network, with pre-training, for solar photovoltaic array detection in aerial imagery.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 2017-July:874–77, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8127092.
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  - Qian, S., S. Chelikani, P. Wang, L. M. Collins, K. Bradbury, and J. M. Malof. “Trading spatial resolution for improved accuracy when using detection algorithms on remote sensing imagery.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 2017-July:3716–19, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8127806.
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  - So, B., C. Nezin, V. Kaimal, S. Keene, L. Collins, K. Bradbury, and J. M. Malof. “Estimating the electricity generation capacity of solar photovoltaic arrays using only color aerial imagery.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 2017-July:1603–6, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8127279.
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  - Kalika, D., L. M. Collins, C. S. Throckmorton, and B. O. Mainsah. “Adaptive stimulus selection in ERP-based brain-computer interfaces by maximizing expected discrimination gain.” In 2017 Ieee International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Smc 2017, 2017-January:1405–10, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC.2017.8122810.
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  - Camilo, J. A., L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “Three-dimensional features, based on beamforming at multiple depths, improves landmine detection with a forward-looking ground-penetrating radar.” In 2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, Iwagpr 2017 Proceedings, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996107.
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  - Reichman, D., L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “Some good practices for applying convolutional neural networks to buried threat detection in Ground Penetrating Radar.” In 2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, Iwagpr 2017 Proceedings, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996100.
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  - Reichman, D., L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “The effect of translational variance in training and testing images on supervised buried threat detection algorithms for ground penetrating radar.” In 2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, Iwagpr 2017 Proceedings, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAGPR.2017.7996104.
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  - Mainsah, B. O., L. M. Collins, G. Reeves, and C. S. Throckmorton. “A performance-based approach to designing the stimulus presentation paradigm for the P300-based BCI by exploiting coding theory.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, 3026–30, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2017.7952712.
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  - Malof, J. M., K. Bradbury, L. M. Collins, R. G. Newell, A. Serrano, H. Wu, and S. Keene. “Image features for pixel-wise detection of solar photovoltaic arrays in aerial imagery using a random forest classifier.” In 2016 Ieee International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, Icrera 2016, 799–803, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRERA.2016.7884446.
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  - Bralich, J., D. Reichman, L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “Improving convolutional neural networks for buried target detection in ground penetrating radar using transfer learning via pre-training.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 10182, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263112.
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  - Camilo, J. A., M. Crosskey, K. Morton, L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “An improved frequency domain feature with partial least-squares dimensionality reduction for classifying buried threats in forwardlooking ground-penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 10182, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263034.
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  - Knox, M., C. Rundel, and L. Collins. “Sensor fusion for buried explosive threat detection for handheld data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 10182, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263013.
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  - Malof, J. M., D. Reichman, and L. M. Collins. “Discriminative dictionary learning to learn effective features for detecting buried threats in ground penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 10182, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263111.
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  - Reichman, D., L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “Improvements to the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) prescreener for buried threat detection in ground penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 10182, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263107.
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  - Reichman, D., L. M. Collins, and J. M. Malof. “Learning improved pooling regions for the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature for buried threat detection in ground penetrating radar.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 10182, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263108.
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  - Reichman, D., J. M. Malof, and L. M. Collins. “Leveraging seed dictionaries to improve dictionary learning.” In Proceedings International Conference on Image Processing, Icip, 2016-August:3723–27, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2016.7533055.
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  - Czarnek, N., K. Morton, L. Collins, R. Newell, and K. Bradbury. “Performance comparison framework for energy disaggregation systems.” In 2015 Ieee International Conference on Smart Grid Communications, Smartgridcomm 2015, 446–52, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2015.7436341.
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  - Camilo, J. A., J. M. Malof, and L. M. Collins. “A feature learning approach for classifying buried threats in forward looking ground penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9823, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223117.
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  - Colwell, K. A., and L. M. Collins. “Attribute-driven transfer learning for detecting novel buried threats with ground-penetrating radar.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9823, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222495.
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  - Czarnek, N. M., K. Clark, K. B. Peters, L. M. Collins, and M. A. Mazurowski. “Radiogenomics of glioblastoma: A pilot multi-institutional study to investigate a relationship between tumor shape features and tumor molecular subtype.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 9785, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217084.
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  - Malof, J. M., L. M. Collins, K. Bradbury, and R. G. Newell. “A deep convolutional neural network and a random forest classifier for solar photovoltaic array detection in aerial imagery.” In 2016 Ieee International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, Icrera 2016, 650–54, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRERA.2016.7884415.
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  - Malof, J. M., and L. M. Collins. “Using queuing models to aid design and guide research effort for multimodality buried target detection systems.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9823, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2224131.
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  - Mazurowski, M. A., N. M. Czarnek, L. M. Collins, K. B. Peters, and K. Clark. “Predicting outcomes in glioblastoma patients using computerized analysis of tumor shape - Preliminary data.” In Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie, Vol. 9785, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217098.
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  - Reichman, D., J. M. Malof, and L. M. Collins. “Algorithm development for deeply buried threat detection in GPR data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9823, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222593.
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  - Camilo, J. A., J. M. Malof, P. A. Torrione, L. M. Collins, and K. D. Morton. “Clutter and target discrimination in forward-looking ground penetrating radar using sparse structured basis pursuits.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9454, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2176491.
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  - Colwell, K. A., P. A. Torrione, K. D. Morton, and L. M. Collins. “Improving buried threat detection in ground-penetrating radar with transfer learning and metadata analysis.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9454, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177940.
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  - Kalika, D., M. T. Knox, L. M. Collins, P. A. Torrione, and K. D. Morton. “Leveraging robust principal component analysis to detect buried explosive threats in handheld ground-penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9454, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177944.
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  - Malof, J. M., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “A queuing model for designing multi-modality buried target detection systems: Preliminary results.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9454, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2176610.
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  - Malof, J. M., R. Hou, L. M. Collins, K. Bradbury, and R. Newell. “Automatic solar photovoltaic panel detection in satellite imagery.” In 2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, Icrera 2015, 1428–31, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRERA.2015.7418643.
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  - Reichman, D., K. D. Morton, J. M. Malof, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Target signature localization in GPR data by jointly estimating and matching templates.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9454, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2176627.
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  - Sakaguchi, R. T., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Recognizing subsurface target responses in ground penetrating radar data using convolutional neural networks.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9454, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2177747.
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  - Kalika, D., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Hyperbolic and PLSDA filter algorithms to detect buried threats in GPR data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9072, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050502.
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  - Knox, M., S. Tantum, and L. Collins. “Target detection and identification using synthetic aperture acoustics.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9072, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050390.
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  - Malof, J. M., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Fusion of forward looking infrared and ground penetrating radar for improved stopping distances in landmine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9072, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051444.
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  - Malof, J. M., M. Knox, P. A. Torrione, L. M. Collins, and K. D. Morton. “A novel algorithm for buried target detection evaluated on a collection of seismo-acoustic data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9072, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2053842.
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  - Morton, K. D., L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “A robust Bayesian approach to target detection applied to explosive threat detection in handheld ground penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9072, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2050514.
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  - Reichman, D., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Target localization and signature extraction in GPR data using expectation-maximization and principal component analysis.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9072, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2049874.
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  - Sakaguchi, R. T., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Physics-based deformations of ground penetrating radar signals to improve the detection of buried explosives.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9072, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2049316.
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  - Torrione, P. A., L. M. Collins, and K. D. Morton. “Experiment design for measuring the probability of detection in remote sensing: How many objects and how many passes.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9072, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2049704.
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  - Malof, J. M., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “A novel framework for processing forward looking infrared imagery with application to buried threat detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8709, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2016113.
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  - Manandhar, A., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Multiple instance hidden markov models for GPR-based landmine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8709, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2016401.
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  - Sakaguchi, R. T., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Application of image categorization methods for buried threat detection in GPR data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8709, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2016709.
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  - Tantum, S. L., K. A. Colwell, W. R. Scott, P. A. Torrione, L. M. Collins, and K. D. Morton. “Sparse model inversion and processing of spatial frequency-domain electromagnetic induction sensor array data for improved landmine discrimination.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8709, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2016063.
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  - Torrione, P., K. D. Morton, J. L. Gottfried, and L. M. Collins. “A new approach to elemental inference in LIBS: A statistical model for spectral analysis.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2013.
  - Wang, P., P. Torrione, L. Collins, and K. Morton. “Rapid tracking for autonomous driving with monocular video.” In 2013 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo, Iccve 2013 Proceedings, 133–38, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2013.6799782.
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  - Torrione, P., K. D. Morton, R. Sakaguchi, and L. M. Collins. “Histogram of gradient features for buried threat detection in ground penetrating radar data.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 3182–85, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350748.
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  - Torrione, P., K. D. Morton, R. Sakaguchi, and L. M. Collins. “Computer vision techniques for target detection in ground penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of the Iasted International Conference on Signal and Image Processing, Sip 2012, 41–47, 2012. https://doi.org/10.2316/P.2012.786-034.
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  - Wang, P. K., P. A. Torrione, L. M. Collins, and K. D. Morton. “Rapid position estimation and tracking for autonomous driving.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8387, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919317.
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  - Collins, L. “Chemometrics and machine learning for spectral analysis.” In Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis, Lacsea 2012, 2012.
  - Collins, L. “Chemometrics and machine learning for spectral analysis.” In Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis, Lacsea 2012, 2012.
  - Malof, J. M., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Processing forward-looking data for anomaly detection: Single-look, multi-look, and spatial classification.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8357, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.918447.
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  - Manandhar, Achut, Morton Kenneth D. Jr, Leslie M. Collins, and Peter A. Torrione. “Multiple Instance Learning for Landmine Detection using GPR.” In Detection and Sensing of Mines, Explosive Objects, and Obscured Targets Xvii, Vol. 8357, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.917947.
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  - Morton, K., C. Ratto, J. Malof, M. Gunter, L. Collins, and P. Torrione. “Change-based threat detection in urban environments with a forward-looking camera.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8357, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.917721.
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  - Ratto, C. R., K. D. Morton, I. T. McMichael, B. P. Burns, W. W. Clark, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Integration of lidar with the NIITEK GPR for improved performance on rough terrain.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8357, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919119.
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  - Ratto, C. R., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “A Bayesian method for discriminative context-dependent fusion of GPR-based detection algorithms.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8357, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919079.
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  - Sakaguchi, R. T., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Keypoint-based image processing for landmine detection in GPR data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8357, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.918361.
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  - Tantum, S. L., K. A. Colwell, K. D. Morton, W. R. Scott, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Feature extraction and processing of spatial frequency-domain electromagnetic induction sensor data for improved landmine discrimination.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8357, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919421.
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  - Tantum, S. L., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Investigation of the effects of operator technique on handheld sensor data for landmine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8357, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919427.
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  - Ratto, C. R., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “A comparison of principal components and endmember-based contextual learning for hyperspectral anomaly classification.” In Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing, Evolution in Remote Sensing, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2011.6080927.
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  - Ratto, C. R., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “A hidden Markov context model for GPR-based landmine detection incorporating stick-breaking priors.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 874–77, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2011.6049270.
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  - Morton, K. D., P. A. Torrione, and L. Collins. “Signal processing for the detection of explosive residues on varying substrates using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8018, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.885111.
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  - Manandhar, A., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Multiple instance learning framework for landmine detection using ground penetrating radar.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8017, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884869.
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  - Morton, K. D., P. A. Torrione, and L. Collins. “Classification of acoustic gunshot signatures using a nonparametric Bayesian signal model.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8019, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.885114.
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  - Ratto, C. R., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Physics-based features for identifying contextual factors affecting landmine detection with ground-penetrating radar.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8017, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884868.
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  - Ratto, C. R., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Contextual learning in ground-penetrating radar data using Dirichlet process priors.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8017, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884872.
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  - Tantum, S. L., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Frequency-domain electromagnetic induction sensor data feature extraction and processing for improved landmine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8017, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884769.
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  - Torrione, P. A., K. Morton, and L. M. Collins. “The Viterbi algorithm as an approach for incorporating spatial information into air/ground interface inference in GPR data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8017, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884875.
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  - Torrione, P., K. Morton, C. Ratto, M. Gunter, and L. Collins. “Change detection for detecting potential threats in forward-looking video and downward-looking ground-penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8017, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884122.
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  - Wang, P. K., K. D. Morton, L. M. Collins, and P. A. Torrione. “Exploiting spectral content for image segmentation in GPR data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8017, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884874.
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  - Ratto, C., P. Torrione, and L. Collins. “Estimation of soil permittivity through autoregressive modeling of time-domain ground-penetrating radar data.” In 2010 Ieee International Conference on Wireless Information Technology and Systems, Icwits 2010, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICWITS.2010.5611913.
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  - Kolba, M. P., P. A. Torrione, and L. M. Collins. “Fusion of ground-penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction sensors for landmine detection and discrimination.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7664, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.851364.
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  - Kolba, M. P., and L. M. Collins. “Information-based sensor management for the intelligent tasking of ground penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction sensors in landmine detection pre-screening.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7664, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.851360.
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  - Morton, K. D., P. A. Torrione, and L. Collins. “Nonparametric Bayesian time-series modeling and clustering of time-domain ground penetrating radar landmine responses.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7664, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.850335.
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  - Ratto, C., P. Torrione, K. Morton, and L. Collins. “Context-dependent landmine detection with ground-penetrating radar using a hidden Markov context model.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 4192–95, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652297.
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  - Remus, J. J., and L. M. Collins. “Phenomenolgical model inversion with fisher information metrics for unexploded ordnance detection.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 691–94, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652008.
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  - Tantum, S. L., P. A. Torrione, and L. M. Collins. “Sparse model representations of target signatures for improved landmine detection using frequency-domain electromagnetic induction sensors.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7664, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.851378.
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  - Torrione, P., and L. Collins. “Spatial latency reduction in GPR processing using stochastic sampling.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 3354–57, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650607.
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  - Morton, K. D., P. Torrione, and L. M. Collins. “Dirichlet process based context learning for mine detection in hyperspectral imagery.” In 2nd Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing, Whispers 2010 Workshop Program, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2010.5594926.
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  - Remus, J. J., and L. M. Collins. “Identifying channel-specific impairments in cochlear implant patients via partial least squares discriminant analysis of speech-token confusion matrices.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, 4746–49, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5495171.
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  - Torrione, P., C. Ratto, and L. M. Collins. “Multiple instance and context dependent learning in hyperspectral data.” In Whispers ’09 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/WHISPERS.2009.5289021.
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  - Ybarra, G. A., L. M. Collins, L. G. Huettel, H. Z. Massoud, J. A. Board, M. Brooke, N. M. Jokerst, et al. “Integrating sensing and information processing in an electrical and computer engineering undergraduate curriculum.” In Proceedings Frontiers in Education Conference, Fie, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2009.5350770.
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  - Bradbury, K., P. A. Torrione, and L. Collins. “Realtime gaussian markov random field based ground tracking for ground penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7303, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.818781.
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  - Kolba, M. P., and L. M. Collins. “Sensor management using a new framework for observation modeling.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7303, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.818829.
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  - Morton, K. D., and L. Collins. “Bayesian detection of acoustic muzzle blasts.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7305, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.818547.
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  - Ratto, C. R., P. A. Torrione, and L. M. Collins. “Context-dependent feature selection for landmine detection with ground-penetrating radar.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7303, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.817946.
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  - Torrione, P., K. Morton, C. Lunsford, and L. Collins. “A graphical user interface for real-time spectroscopy: Software architecture for data collection, feature extraction, model development, and real-time testing.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7303, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.821726.
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  - Kolba, M. P., P. A. Torrione, W. R. Scott, and L. M. Collins. “Information-based sensor management for landmine detection using electromagnetic induction, ground-penetrating radar, and seismic sensors.” In Proceedings European Conference on Noise Control, 63–68, 2008.
  - Kolba, M. P., and L. M. Collins. “Analysis of an information-based sensor manager applicable to landmine detection.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), Vol. 2, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2008.4779043.
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  - Remus, J. J., K. D. Morton, P. A. Torrione, S. L. Tantum, and L. M. Collins. “Comparison of a distance-based likelihood ratio test and k-nearest neighbor classification methods.” In Proceedings of the 2008 Ieee Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing, Mlsp 2008, 362–67, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/MLSP.2008.4685507.
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  - Remus, J. J., and L. M. Collins. “Matching pursuits decomposition for discrimination of unexploded ordnance: Isolated and overlapping signatures.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), Vol. 2, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2008.4778917.
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  - Stohl, J. S., C. S. Throckmorton, and L. M. Collins. “Investigating the influence of pulse rate and duration on pitch perception in cochlear implants.” In Proceedings European Conference on Noise Control, 459–64, 2008.
  - Torrione, P., and L. Collins. “Statistical models for landmine detection in ground penetrating radar: Applications to synthetic data generation and pre-screening.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), Vol. 2, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2008.4779004.
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  - Erdogan, E. S., S. Ozev, and L. M. Collins. “Online SNR detection for dynamic power management in wireless ad-hoc networks.” In Prime 2008 Phd Research in Microelectronics and Electronics, Proceedings, 225–28, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/RME.2008.4595766.
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  - Fails, E. B., P. A. Torrione, W. R. Scott, and L. M. Collins. “Performance comparison of frequency domain quadrupole and dipole electromagnetic induction sensors in a landmine detection application.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6953, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.778898.
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  - Kolba, M. P., and L. M. Collins. “Sensor management for landmine detection using correlated sensor observations.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6953, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777707.
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  - Torrione, P. A., and L. Collins. “Application of Markov random fields to landmine discrimination in ground penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6953, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777746.
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  - Kolba, M. P., and L. M. Collins. “Sensor management for static target detection with non-binary sensor observations and observation uncertainty.” In Ieee Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing Proceedings, 74–78, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/SSP.2007.4301221.
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  - Fails, E. B., P. A. Torrione, W. R. Scott, and L. M. Collins. “Performance of a four parameter model for modeling landmine signatures in frequency domain wideband electromagnetic induction detection systems.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6553, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.719460.
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  - Kolba, M. P., and L. M. Collins. “Managing landmine detection sensors: Results from application to AMDS data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6553, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.718457.
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  - Tang, L., P. A. Torrione, C. Eldeniz, and L. M. Collins. “Ground bounce tracking for landmine detection using a sequential Monte Carlo method.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6553, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.718462.
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  - Torrione, P. A., and L. Collins. “Image segmentation techniques for improved processing of landmine responses in ground penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6553, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.718128.
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  - Remus, J. J., and L. M. Collins. “Identifying impaired cochlear implant channels via speech-token confusion matrix analysis.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, Vol. 4, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2007.367019.
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  - Huettel, L., K. Coonley, M. Gustafson, J. Kim, G. Ybarra, and L. Collins. “Experiment, explore, design: A sensor-based introductory ECE laboratory.” In Asee Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2007.
  - Huettel, L., K. Coonley, M. Gustafson, J. Kim, G. Ybarra, and L. Collins. “Experiment, explore, design: A sensor-based introductory ECE laboratory.” In Asee Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2007.
  - Brown, A., G. Ybarra, H. Massoud, J. Board, J. Holmes, K. Coonley, L. Collins, L. Huettel, M. Gustafson, and S. Cummer. “Redesign of the core curriculum at Duke University.” In Asee Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2006.
  - Huettel, L., A. Brown, L. Collins, K. Coonley, M. Gustafson, J. Kim, and G. Ybarra. “A novel introductory course for teaching the fundamentals of electrical and computer engineering.” In Asee Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2006.
  - Kolba, M. P., and L. M. Collins. “Information-theoretic sensor management for multimodal sensing.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 3935–38, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.1009.
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  - Kolba, M. P., and L. M. Collins. “Sensor management with uncertain performance characteristics.” In 2006 Ieee Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop Proceedings, Sam 2006, 456–60, 2006.
  - Tantum, S. L., Y. Q. Wang, and L. M. Collins. “Statistical and adaptive signal processing for UXO discrimination for next-generation sensor data.” In Piers 2006 Cambridge Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Proceedings, 302–5, 2006.
  - Torrione, P., and L. Collins. “Ground response tracking for improved landmine detection in ground penetrating radar data.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 153–56, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2006.44.
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  - Kolba, M. P., and L. M. Collins. “The effects of uncertainty and uncertainty modeling on information-based sensor manager performance.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6217 II, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.665595.
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  - Torrione, P. A., L. Collins, F. Clodfelter, D. Lulich, A. Patrikar, P. Howard, R. Weaver, and E. Rosen. “Constrained filter optimization for subsurface landmine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6217 II, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.665780.
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  - Torrione, P., J. Remus, and L. Collins. “Comparison of pattern recognition approaches for multi-sensor detection and discrimination of anti-personnel and anti-tank landmines.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6217 II, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.665660.
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  - Brown, A., G. Ybarra, H. Massoud, J. Board, J. Holmes, K. Coonley, L. Collins, L. Huettel, M. Gustafson, and S. Cummer. “Redesign of the core curriculum at Duke University.” In Asee Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2006.
  - Huettel, L., A. Brown, L. Collins, K. Coonley, M. Gustafson, J. Kim, and G. Ybarra. “A novel introductory course for teaching the fundamentals of electrical and computer engineering.” In Asee Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2006.
  - Remus, J. J., and L. M. Collins. “Expediting the identification of impaired cochlear implant acoustic model channels through confusion matrix analysis.” In 2nd International Ieee Embs Conference on Neural Engineering, 2005:418–21, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/CNE.2005.1419648.
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  - Schultz, G. M., K. N. Zachery, and L. M. Collins. “Multisensor, remotely-operated force protection mine detection.” In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophyics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, Sageep, 2:1222–35, 2005.
  - Tan, Y., S. L. Tantum, and L. M. Collins. “Uxo discrimination using blind source separation.” In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophyics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, Sageep, 2:1306–17, 2005.
  - Torrione, P., and L. Collins. “Application and extension of texture feature coding methods to anti-tank landmine detection.” In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophyics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, Sageep, 2:1211–21, 2005.
  - Kolba, M. P., P. A. Torrione, and L. M. Collins. “Information-based sensor management for landmine detection using multimodal sensors.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5794:1098–1107, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603582.
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  - Torrione, P. A., C. S. Throckmorton, L. Collins, F. Clodfelter, S. Frasier, I. Starnes, S. Bishop, et al. “Application of matched subspace detectors to target detection and identification in ground penetrating radar data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5794:1160–71, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.602754.
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  - Wang, C., and L. Collins. “Feature selection for physics model based object discrimination.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5794:1200–1208, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603451.
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  - Whitecotton, B., T. McManus, S. Kuhn, Y. Dalichaouch, L. Carin, P. Torrione, and L. Collins. “Analysis of wideband EMI field data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5794:254–62, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.604191.
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  - Yu, Y., and L. M. Collins. “Multi-modal Iterative Adaptive Processing (MIAP) performance in the discrimination mode for landmine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5794:1108–17, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603848.
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  - Zachery, K. N., G. M. Schultz, and L. M. Collins. “Force Protection Demining System (FPDS) detection subsystem.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5794:1018–29, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.603021.
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  - Collins, L. M., L. G. Huettel, A. S. Brown, G. A. Ybarra, J. S. Holmes, J. A. Board, S. A. Cummer, M. R. Gustafson, J. Kim, and H. Z. Massoud. “Theme-based redesign of the duke university ECE curriculum: The first steps.” In Asee Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 14313–26, 2005.
  - Huettel, L. G., and L. M. Collins. “A vertically-integrated application-driven signal processing laboratory.” In Asee Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 15613–23, 2005.
  - Borgonovi, G. M., D. T. Holslin, L. M. Collins, and S. L. Tantum. “Data analysis for classification of UXO filler using pulsed neutron techniques.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5415:502–9, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.542288.
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  - Huettel, L. G., J. M. Baier, and L. M. Collins. “Man versus machine: Robust regional processing of EMI data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 866–73, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.541601.
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  - Lang, D. A., B. M. Duston, P. Torrione, and L. Collins. “Three dimensional features to improve detection using ground penetrating radar.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5415:913–22, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.542946.
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  - Marr, B., P. Torrione, J. Miller, and L. Collins. “Parameterized likelihood ratio method for EMI unexploded ordnance detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5415:843–54, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.542297.
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  - Tan, Y., S. L. Tantum, and L. M. Collins. “Signal processing for improved explosives detection using quadrupole resonance.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5415:822–33, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.542553.
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  - Throckmorton, C. S., P. A. Torrione, L. M. Collins, P. Gader, W. H. Lee, and J. N. Wilson. “The efficacy of human observation for discrimination and feature identification of targets measured by the NIITEK ground penetrating radar.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5415:963–72, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.541168.
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  - Torrione, P. A., C. S. Throckmorton, L. Collins, F. Clodfelter, S. Frasier, I. Starnes, S. Bishop, et al. “Feature-based processing of pre-screener generated alarms for performance improvements in target identification using the niitek ground-penetrating radar system.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5415:984–95, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.540926.
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  - Yu, Y., P. Torrione, and L. M. Collins. “Landmine discrimination via Bayesian adaptive multi-modal processing: Results for handheld and vehicular sensors.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5415:791–98, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.542276.
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  - Huettel, L., A. Brown, M. Gustafson, H. Massoud, G. Ybarra, and L. Collins. “Work in progress: Theme-based redesign of an electrical and computer engineering curriculum.” In Proceedings Frontiers in Education Conference, Fie, Vol. 3, 2004.
  - Torrione, P., and L. Collins. “Application of texture feature classification methods to landmine / clutter discrimination in off-lane GPR data.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 3:1621–24, 2004.
  - Remus, Jeremiah, and Leslie M. Collins. “Predicting vowel and consonant confusions using signal processing techniques.” In International Congress Series, 1273:15–18. Elsevier BV, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2004.08.044.
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  - Xu, Y., and L. M. Collins. “Dynamic range and intensity discrimination with high-rate pulse-train carriers: Predictions from a stochastic model and comparison with performance for noise-modulated pulse-train stimuli.” In International Congress Series, 1273:27–31, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2004.08.082.
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  - Remus, J. J., and L. M. Collins. “Vowel and consonant confusion in noise by cochlear implant subjects: Predicting performance using signal processing techniques.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, Vol. 4, 2004.
  - Xu, Y., and L. M. Collins. “Theoretical prediction of dynamic range and intensity discrimination for electrical noise-modulated pulse-train stimuli.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, Vol. 4, 2004.
  - Remus, J. J., and L. M. Collins. “Vowel and consonant confusion in noise by cochlear implant subjects: Predicting performance using signal processing techniques.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, Vol. 4, 2004.
  - Xu, Y., and L. M. Collins. “Theoretical prediction of dynamic range and intensity discrimination for electrical noise-modulated pulse-train stimuli.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, Vol. 4, 2004.
  - Huettel, L. G., L. S. Riggs, and L. M. Collins. “Region processing of EMI data for landmine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5089:680–88, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487308.
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  - Liao, Y., L. W. Nolte, and L. Collins. “Optimal Multisensor Decision Fusion of Mine Detection Algorithms.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5089:1252–60, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.486834.
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  - Nelson, B., D. Schofield, and L. Collins. “A comparison of neural networks and sub-space detectors for the discrimination of low-metal content landmines.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5089:1046–53, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487220.
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  - Schofield, D., W. Hu, and L. Collins. “Separation of overlapping signatures in EMI data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5089:904–15, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487232.
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  - Tantum, S. L., L. M. Collins, N. Khadr, and B. J. Barrow. “Correcting GPS Measurement Errors Induced by System Motion over Uneven Terrain.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5089:1105–15, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487244.
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  - Torrione, P., L. Collins, F. Clodfelter, S. Frasier, and I. Starnes. “Application of the LMS Algorithm to Anomaly Detection Using the Wichmann/Niitek Ground Penetrating Radar.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5089:1127–36, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487241.
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  - Yu, Y., and L. M. Collins. “Adaptive Multi-Modality Processing for the Discrimination of Landmines.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5089:1316–23, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487216.
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  - Zhang, Y., L. Collins, and L. Carin. “Physics model based unexploded ordnance discrimination using wideband EMI data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5089:1023–34, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487200.
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  - Zhang, Y., L. M. Collins, and L. Carin. “Model-Based Statistical Signal Processing for UXO Discrimination: Performance Results from the JPG-V Demonstration.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5089:1116–26, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.487181.
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  - Xu, Y., and L. Collins. “Stochastic resonance in the electrically stimulated auditory nerve: Predictions using a stochastic model of neural responsiveness.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 5110:77–91, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.497265.
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  - Huettel, L. G., and L. M. Collins. “A theoretical analysis of the effects of auditory impairment on intensity discrimination.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, Vol. 2, 2002.
  - Xu, Y., and L. M. Collins. “Threshold prediction for noise-modulated electrical stimuli using a stochastic auditory nerve model: Implications for cochlear implants.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, Vol. 2, 2002.
  - Collins, L. M., L. G. Huettel, W. A. Simpson, and S. L. Tantum. “Sensor fusion of EMI and GPR data for improved landmine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 4742:872–79, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.479159.
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  - Collins, L. M., P. Torrione, V. Munshi, C. S. Throckmorton, Q. Zhu, F. Clodfelter, and S. Frasier. “Algorithms for landmine detection using the NIITEK ground penetrating radar.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 4742:709–18, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.479144.
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  - Collins, L. M., Y. Zhang, and L. Carin. “Model-based statistical sensor fusion for unexploded ordnance detection.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 3:1556–59, 2002.
  - Huettel, L. G., and L. M. Collins. “Model-based predictions of intensity discrimination for normal- and impaired-hearing listeners.” In 7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Icslp 2002, 421–24, 2002.
  - Tan, Y., S. L. Tantum, and L. M. Collins. “Landmine detection with nuclear quadrupole resonance.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 3:1575–78, 2002.
  - Tantum, S. L., Y. Wei, V. S. Munshi, and L. M. Collins. “A comparison of algorithms for landmine detection and discrimination using ground penetrating radar.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 4742:728–35, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.479146.
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  - Tantum, S. L., and L. M. Collins. “A parameter transformation for improved decay rate estimation.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 4742:812–20, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.479154.
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  - Tantum, S. L., and L. M. Collins. “A parameter transformation and cramér-rao bounds for estimating decay rates from exponential signals.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 4:2568–71, 2002.
  - Torrione, P., and L. Collins. “The performance of matched subspace detectors and support vector machines for induction-based landmine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 4742:800–811, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.479153.
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  - Zhang, Y., C. M. Wang, and L. M. Collins. “Adaptive time delay estimation method with signal selectivity.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, 2:1477–80, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2002.5744892.
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  - Collins, L. M., and L. G. Huettel. “Single sensor processing and sensor fusion for GPR and EMI data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 4394:952–58, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.445423.
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  - Collins, L., P. Gao, and S. Tantum. “Model-based statistical signal processing using electromagnetic induction data for landmine detection and classification.” In Ieee Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing Proceedings, 162–65, 2001.
  - Tan, Y., S. Tantum, and L. Collins. “Enhanced signal and auditory processing for landmine detection using EMI sensors.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 4394:852–58, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.445413.
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  - Huettel, L. G., and L. M. Collins. “A theoretical study of information transmission in the auditory system using signal detection theory: Frequency discrimination by normal and impaired systems.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, 5:3305–8, 2001.
  - Chiang, P. J., S. L. Tantum, and L. M. Collins. “Signal processing of ground penetrating radar data for subsurface object detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 4394:470–75, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.445499.
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  - Collins, L., P. Gao, L. Makowsky, J. Moulton, D. Reidy, and D. Weaver. “Improving detection of low-metallic content landmines using EMI data.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 4:1631–33, 2000.
  - Tantum, S. L., and L. M. Collins. “Performance bounds for target identification using decay rates estimates from EMI measurements.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 5:2278–80, 2000.
  - Collins, Leslie M., Stacy L. Tantum, Ping Gao, John D. Moulton, Larry Makowsky, Denis Reidy, and Richard C. Weaver. “Improving detection of low-metallic-content land mines using EMI data.” In Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V. SPIE, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.396241.
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  - Gao, Ping, Leslie M. Collins, and Lawrence Carin. “Bayesian optimal classification of metallic objects: a comparison of time-domain and frequency-domain EMI performance.” In Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V. SPIE, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.396251.
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  - Liu, Feng, Stacy L. Tantum, Leslie M. Collins, and Lawrence Carin. “Statistical signal processing for detection of buried land mines using quadrupole resonance.” In Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V. SPIE, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.396285.
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  - Tantum, Stacy L., and Leslie M. Collins. “Detection and classification of land-mine-like targets in a non-Gaussian noise environment.” In Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V. SPIE, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.396317.
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  - Tantum, Stacy L., and Leslie M. Collins. “Physics-based statistical signal processing for improved land mine detection and classification via decay rate estimation.” In Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V. SPIE, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.396260.
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  - Zhang, Yan, Jing Li, Lawrence Carin, and Leslie M. Collins. “Improved UXO detection via sensor fusion.” In Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V. SPIE, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.396309.
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  - Collins, L., S. Tantum, P. Gao, J. Moulton, L. Makowsky, D. Reidy, and D. Weaver. “Improved detection of low-metallic content landmines using EMI data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 4038, 2000.
  - Gao, P., L. Collins, and L. Carin. “Bayesian optimal classification of metallic objects: a comparison of time-domain and frequency-domain EMI performance.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 4038, 2000.
  - Gao, P., and L. Collins. “Time-domain metal detector and GPR data processing and fusion for landmine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 4038, 2000.
  - Gao, P., and L. Collins. “Time-domain metal detector and GPR data processing and fusion for landmine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 4038, 2000.
  - Liu, F., S. Tantum, L. Collins, and L. Carin. “Statistical signal processing for detection of buried landmines using quadrupole resonance.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 4038, 2000.
  - Tan, Y., L. Huettel, and L. Collins. “Predicting improved human auditory discrimination for landmine detection using EMI sensors.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 4038, 2000.
  - Tan, Y., L. Huettel, and L. Collins. “Predicting improved human auditory discrimination for landmine detection using EMI sensors.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 4038, 2000.
  - Tantum, S., and L. Collins. “Physics-based statistical signal processing for improved landmine detection and classification via decay rate estimation.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 4038, 2000.
  - Tantum, S., and L. Collins. “Detection and classification of landmine-like targets in a non-Gaussian noise environment.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 4038, 2000.
  - Zhang, Y., J. Li, L. Carin, and L. Collins. “Improved UXO detection via sensor fusion.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 4038, 2000.
  - Gao, P., L. Collins, N. Geng, and L. Carin. “Classification of buried metal objects using wideband frequency-domain electromagnetic induction responses: a comparison of optimal and sub-optimal processors.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 3:1819–22, 1999.
  - Gao, P., S. Tantum, L. Collins, D. Weaver, J. Moulton, L. Makowsky, and D. Reidy. “Statistical signal processing techniques for the detection of low-metal landmines using EMI and GPR sensors (topic area: E.1).” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 5:2465–67, 1999.
  - Gresham, L. C., and L. M. Collins. “Effect of a Poisson 'internal noise' process on theoretical acoustic signal detectability.” In Ieee Assp Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, 219–22, 1999.
  - Gao, P., L. Collins, J. Moulton, L. Makowsky, R. Weaver, D. Keiswetter, and I. J. Won. “Enhanced detection of landmines using broadband EMI data.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3710:2–13, 1999.
  - Gao, P., S. Tantum, and L. Collins. “Single sensor processing and sensor fusion of GPR and EMI data for landmine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3710:1139–48, 1999.
  - Gresham, L. C., and L. M. Collins. “Comparison using signal detection theory of the ability of two computational auditory models to predict experimental data.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, 2:933–36, 1999.
  - Tantum, S., L. Collins, L. Carin, I. Gorodnitsky, A. Hibbs, D. Walsh, G. Barrell, D. Gregory, R. Matthews, and S. Vierkotter. “Signal processing for NQR discrimination of buried landmines.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3710:474–82, 1999.
  - Throckmorton, S., Y. Tan, P. Gao, L. Gresham, and L. Collins. “Enhanced auditory processing for landmine detection using EMI sensors.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3710:787–96, 1999.
  - Dogaru, T., L. M. Collins, and L. Carin. “Time-domain sensing of targets buried under a rough air-ground interface.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3392:976–86, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.324145.
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  - Gao, P., and L. M. Collins. “Improved signal processing approaches for land mine detection.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3392:1034–43, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.324150.
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  - Geng, N., P. Garber, L. M. Collins, L. Carin, D. Hansen, D. A. Keiswetter, and I. J. Won. “Wideband electromagnetic induction for metal-target identification: Theory, measurement, and signal processing.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3392:42–51, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.324223.
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  - Collins, L., and P. Gao. “Hypothesis testing for landmine detection with EMI images.” In 1998 Ieee International Conference on Fuzzy Systems Proceedings Ieee World Congress on Computational Intelligence, 1:237–40, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1109/FUZZY.1998.687490.
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  - Collins, L. M., V. George, T. W. Altshuler, L. W. Nolte, and L. Carlin. “Improved decision-theoretic approach to the optimum detection of mines.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3079:716–23, 1997.
  - Gelenbe, E., T. Koęak, and L. Collins. “Sensor fusion for mine detection with the RNN.” In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 1327:938–42, 1997.
  - Subotic, N. S., L. M. Collins, J. D. Gorman, and B. J. Thelen. “Multiresolution target detection in SAR imagery.” In Icassp, Ieee International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, 4:2157–60, 1995.
  - Subotic, N. S., L. M. Collins, M. F. Reiley, and J. D. Gorman. “A multiresolution generalized likelihood ratio detection approach to target screening in synthetic aperture radar data.” In Proc. Spie Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (Usa), 2487:226–34, 1995.
  - Gorman, J. D., N. S. Subotic, B. J. Thelen, and L. Collins. “Multiresolution detection of coherent radar targets.” In Proceedings International Conference on Image Processing, Icip, 1:446–50, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.1994.413353.
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  - Subotic, N. S., L. M. Collins, J. D. Gorman, and B. J. Thelen. “A multiresolution approach to target detection in synthetic aperture radar data.” In Conference Record Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 1:122–26, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSSC.1994.471429.
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