Journal ArticleJACC Basic Transl Sci · May 2024
The adult mammalian heart harbors minute levels of cycling cardiomyocytes (CMs). Large numbers of images are needed to accurately quantify cycling events using microscopy-based methods. CardioCount is a new deep learning-based pipeline to rigorously score ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · March 2024
Cochlear implant (CI) recipients often struggle to understand speech in reverberant environments. Speech enhancement algorithms could restore speech perception for CI listeners by removing reverberant artifacts from the CI stimulation pattern. Listening st ...
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ConferenceProceedings - 2024 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, WACV 2024 · January 3, 2024
Recently, the first foundation model developed specifically for image segmentation tasks was developed, termed the "Segment Anything Model"(SAM). SAM can segment objects in input imagery based on cheap input prompts, such as one (or more) points, a boundin ...
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ConferenceProceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2023 · June 27, 2023
We propose and show the efficacy of a new method to address generic inverse problems. Inverse modeling is the task whereby one seeks to determine the control parameters of a natural system that produce a given set of observed measurements. Recent work has ...
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ConferenceProceedings - 2023 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, WACV 2023 · January 1, 2023
There is evidence that transformers offer state-of-the-art recognition performance on tasks involving overhead imagery (e.g., satellite imagery). However, it is difficult to make unbiased empirical comparisons between competing deep learning models, making ...
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ConferenceProceedings of Meetings on Acoustics · December 5, 2022
Cochlear implant (CI) users experience considerable difficulty in understanding speech in reverberant listening environments. This issue is commonly addressed with time-frequency masking, where a time-frequency decomposed reverberant signal is multiplied b ...
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Journal ArticleCochlear implants international · November 2022
Cochlear implant recipients struggle to understand speech in reverberant environments. To restore speech perception, artifacts due to reverberant reflections can be removed from the cochlear implant stimulus by applying a matrix of gain values, a technique ...
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ConferenceConference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics · October 2022
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), such as the P300 speller, can provide a means of communication for individuals with severe neuromuscular limitations. BCIs interpret electroencephalography (EEG) signals in order to translate embedded information about a u ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing · January 1, 2022
Energy system information for electricity access planning such as the locations and connectivity of electricity transmission and distribution towers-termed the power grid-is often incomplete, outdated, or altogether unavailable. Furthermore, conventional m ...
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ConferenceAnnual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference · November 2021
Stimulus-driven brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), such as the P300 speller, rely on using sensory stimuli to elicit specific neural signal components called event-related potentials (ERPs) to control external devices. However, psychophysical factors, such ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Trans Biomed Eng · October 2021
OBJECTIVE: LVADs are surgically implanted mechanical pumps that improve survival rates of individuals with advanced heart failure. LVAD therapy is associated with high morbidity, which can be partially attributed to challenges with detecting LVAD complicat ...
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Journal ArticleJ Am Heart Assoc · March 16, 2021
Background Although technological advances to pump design have improved survival, left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients experience variable improvements in quality of life. Methods for optimizing LVAD support to improve quality of life are neede ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · January 1, 2021
Speech intelligibility in cochlear implant (CI) users degrades considerably in listening environments with reverberation and noise. Previous research in automatic speech recognition (ASR) has shown that phoneme-based speech enhancement algorithms improve A ...
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ConferenceBHI 2021 - 2021 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics, Proceedings · January 1, 2021
Warfarin, a commonly prescribed drug to prevent blood clots, has a highly variable individual response. Determining a maintenance warfarin dose that achieves a therapeutic blood clotting time, as measured by the international normalized ratio (INR), is cru ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · January 1, 2021
Thermal infrared (IR) imaging has increasingly been used for remote sensing applications, which has required the adaptation of processing techniques for “natural images” (e.g., RGB images) to this unique domain in order to accommodate such differences as t ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · September 26, 2020
Recently, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have demonstrated impressive performance on several visual recognition benchmark datasets utilizing overhead imagery. However, most of these analyses performed on benchmark datasets involve testing pre-trained ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · September 26, 2020
Access to electricity positively correlates with many beneficial socioeconomic outcomes in the developing world including improvements in education, health, and poverty. Efficient planning for electricity access requires information on the location of exis ...
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ConferenceComputing in Cardiology · September 13, 2020
The left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has emerged as a bridge or alternative to heart transplant in individuals with advanced heart failure. However, the LVAD recipient population currently faces high rehospitalization rates. Remote analysis of precord ...
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ConferenceProceedings of the ... IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. ICASSP (Conference) · May 2020
Cochlear implant (CI) users experience substantial difficulties in understanding reverberant speech. A previous study proposed a strategy that leverages automatic speech recognition (ASR) to recognize reverberant speech and speech synthesis to translate th ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2020
In this work we consider the problem of developing deep learning models - such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) - for automatic target detection (ATD) in infrared (IR) imagery. CNN-based ATD systems must be trained to recognize objects using boundin ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · September 1, 2019
In this paper, we consider the development of algorithms for the automatic detection of buried threats using ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements. GPR is one of the most studied and successful modalities for automatic buried threat detection (BTD), ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · July 1, 2019
Segmentation convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are now popular for the semantic segmentation (i.e., dense pixel-wise labeling) of remote sensing imagery, such as color or hyperspectral satellite imagery. In recent years a large number of hand-labeled da ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · July 1, 2019
Segmentation convolutional neural networks (SCNNs) are now popular for the semantic segmentation (i.e., dense pixel-wise labeling) of remote sensing imagery, such as color or hyperspectral satellite imagery. One desirable property of SCNNs when applied to ...
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ConferenceInternational IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, NER · May 16, 2019
Deep neural networks have emerged as popular machine learning tools due to their ability to automatically learn feature representations from raw input data. An auto-encoder neural network is a special network that can be trained in an unsupervised manner f ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2019
In this work we consider the problem of developing algorithms for the automatic detection of buried threats in handheld Ground Penetrating Radar (HH-GPR) data. The development of algorithms for HH-GPR is relatively nascent compared to larger downward-looki ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2019
In this work we consider the problem of developing algorithms for the automatic detection of buried threats using handheld Ground Penetrating Radar (HH-GPR) data. The development of algorithms for HH-GPR is relatively nascent compared to algorithm developm ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2019
The ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a remote sensing technology that has been successfully used for detecting buried explosive threats. A large body of published research has focused on developing algorithms that automatically detect buried threats using ...
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Conference10th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, Held at Near Surface Geoscience Conference and Exhibition 2019, NSG 2019 · January 1, 2019
In this work we consider the problem of developing algorithms for automatic buried threat detection (BTD) in ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. Many such algorithms are supervised, and perform best when they can be trained on large quantities of labeled ...
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ConferenceProceedings of the ... International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications. International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications · December 2018
Individuals with cochlear implants (CIs) experience more difficulty understanding speech in reverberant environ-ments than normal hearing listeners. As a result, recent research has targeted mitigating the effects of late reverberant signal reflections in ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · October 31, 2018
Over the recent years, there has been an increasing interest in large-scale classification of remote sensing images. In this context, the Inria Aerial Image Labeling Benchmark has been released online in December 2016. In this paper, we discuss the outcome ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · October 31, 2018
In this work, we investigate strategies for training convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to perform recognition on remote sensing imagery. In particular we consider the particular problem of semantic segmentation in which the goal is to obtain a dense pix ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · October 31, 2018
In this work we consider the application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the semantic segmentation of remote sensing imagery (e.g., aerial color or hyperspectral imagery). In segmentation the goal is to provide a dense pixel-wise labeling of th ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · October 31, 2018
Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have received substantial attention in the literature for object recognition (e.g., buildings and roads) in several remote sensing data modalities (e.g., aerial color imagery). Although CNNs have exhibited exc ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Archaeological Science · October 1, 2018
Microcrystalline igneous rocks of volcanic origin, such as basalt or rhyolite, were a common source of prehistoric stone tools. This study explores the use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as part of an effort to develop analytical tools to e ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · September 10, 2018
Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is a statistical model that is often used to discover topics or themes in a large collection of documents. In the LDA model, topics are modeled as discrete distributions over a finite vocabulary of words. The LDA is also a ...
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Conference25th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces, VR 2018 - Proceedings · August 24, 2018
Immersive virtual reality (VR) systems offer flexible control of an interactive environment, along with precise position and orientation tracking of realistic movements. Immersive VR can also be used in conjunction with neurophysiological monitoring techni ...
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ConferenceProceedings of meetings on acoustics. Acoustical Society of America · May 2018
In listening environments with room reverberation and background noise, cochlear implant (CI) users experience substantial difficulties in understanding speech. Because everyday environments have different combinations of reverberation and noise, there is ...
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Journal ArticleClin EEG Neurosci · March 2018
The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of 3 brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigms in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) population (n = 11). Using a repeated-measures design, participants completed 3 BCI conditions: row/colum ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · January 1, 2018
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most popular and successful sensing modalities that have been investigated for landmine and subsurface threat detection. Many of the detection algorithms applied to this task are supervised and therefore require ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · January 1, 2018
Forward-looking ground-penetrating radar (FLGPR) has recently been investigated as a remote-sensing modality for buried target detection (e.g., landmines). In this context, raw FLGPR data are beamformed into images, and then, computerized algorithms are ap ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2018
This work focuses on the development of automatic buried threat detection (BTD) algorithms using ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. Buried threats tend to exhibit unique characteristics in GPR imagery, such as high energy hyperbolic shapes, which can be ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2018
A great deal of research has been focused on the development of computer algorithms for buried threat detection (BTD) in ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. Most recently proposed BTD algorithms are supervised, and therefore they employ machine learning m ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2018
A large number of algorithms have been proposed for automatic buried threat detection (BTD) in ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently achieved groundbreaking results on many recognition tasks. This success i ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2018
In this work, we consider the development of algorithms for automated buried threat detection (BTD) using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data. When viewed in GPR imagery, buried threats often exhibit hyperbolic shapes, and this characteristic shape can be ...
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ConferenceAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems · January 1, 2018
Stimulus-driven brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), such as the P300 speller, rely on using a sequence of sensory stimuli to elicit specific neural responses as control signals, while a user attends to relevant target stimuli that occur within the sequence. ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2018
Stimulus-driven brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), such as the P300 speller, rely on eliciting and detecting event-related potentials (ERPs) that are embedded in noisy electroencephalography data. However, these BCIs are currently limited by their relativel ...
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Conference2017 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA 2017 · December 12, 2017
Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) systems estimate the amount of energy each appliance consumes using as input the aggregate building energy consumption. Typically, NILM results are presented for a single sampling rate. To evaluate tradeoffs between end ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · December 1, 2017
The automatic detection of buried threats in ground penetrating radar (GPR) data is an active area of research due to GPR's ability to detect both metal and nonmetal subsurface objects. Recent work on algorithms designed to distinguish between threats and ...
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Journal ArticleGeostandards and Geoanalytical Research · December 1, 2017
A broad suite of geological materials was studied a using a handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument. Because LIBS is simultaneously sensitive to all elements, the full broadband emission spectrum recorded from a single laser shot pr ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · December 1, 2017
In this work, the problem of developing algorithms that automatically infer information about small-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays in high resolution aerial imagery is considered. Such algorithms potentially offer a faster and cheaper solution to col ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · December 1, 2017
In this work, we consider the problem of detecting target objects in remote sensing imagery; such as detecting rooftops, trees, or cars in color/hyperspectral imagery. Many detection algorithms for this problem work by assigning a decision statistic (or 'c ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · December 1, 2017
In this work we consider the problem of developing algorithms that automatically identify small-scale solar photovoltaic arrays in high resolution aerial imagery. Such algorithms potentially offer a faster and cheaper solution to collecting small-scale pho ...
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Conference2017 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2017 · November 27, 2017
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can provide an alternative means of communication for individuals with severe neuromuscular limitations. The P300-based BCI speller relies on eliciting and detecting transient event-related potentials (ERPs) in electroencep ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of neural engineering · October 2017
ObjectiveVarious augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices have been developed in order to aid communication for individuals with communication disorders. Recently, there has been interest in combining EEG data and eye-gaze data wit ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of neural engineering · August 2017
ObjectiveThe role of a brain-computer interface (BCI) is to discern a user's intended message or action by extracting and decoding relevant information from brain signals. Stimulus-driven BCIs, such as the P300 speller, rely on detecting event-rel ...
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Conference2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2017 - Proceedings · July 28, 2017
Forward-looking ground-penetrating radar (FLGPR) has been investigated as a remote sensing modality for buried threat detection (e.g., landmines). Generally in this context, raw FLGPR data is beamformed into two-dimensional images and then automated algori ...
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Conference2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2017 - Proceedings · July 28, 2017
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a remote sensing modality that has been researched extensively for buried threat detection. For this purpose, algorithms can be developed to automatically determine the presence of such threats. To train such algorithms, s ...
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Conference2017 9th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar, IWAGPR 2017 - Proceedings · July 28, 2017
A large body of recent research has focused on the development of supervised buried threat detection algorithms for ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. Such algorithms learn to automatically identify landmines in GPR data based on threat data and non-thre ...
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ConferenceProceedings - Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop · July 2, 2017
We consider the problem of detecting objects (such as trees, rooftops, roads, or cars) in remote sensing data including, for example, color or hyperspectral imagery. Many detection algorithms applied to this problem operate by assigning a decision statisti ...
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ConferenceProceedings - Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop · July 2, 2017
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently achieved unprecedented performance for the automatic recognition of objects (e.g., buildings, roads, or vehicles) in color aerial imagery. Although these results are promising, questions remain about their ...
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ConferenceProceedings - Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop · July 2, 2017
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently achieved unprecedented performance for the automatic recognition of objects (e.g., buildings, roads, or vehicles) in color aerial imagery. Although these results are promising, questions remain about their ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · June 16, 2017
The P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) speller relies on eliciting and detecting specific brain responses to target stimulus events, termed event-related potentials (ERPs). In a visual speller, ERPs are elicited when the user's desired character, i. ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2017
Forward-looking ground penetrating radar (FLGPR) is a remote sensing modality that has been investigated for buried threat detection. The FLGPR considered in this work consists of a sensor array mounted on the front of a vehicle, which inspects an area in ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2017
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems have emerged as a state-of-the-art remote sensing platform for the automatic detection of buried explosive threats. The GPR system that was used to collect the data considered in this work consists of an array of rada ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2017
The ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a popular remote sensing modality for buried threat detection. In this work we focus on the development of supervised machine learning algorithms that automatically identify buried threats in GPR data. An important ste ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2017
In recent years, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has successfully been applied to the problem of buried threat detection (BTD). A large body of research has focused on using computerized algorithms to automatically discriminate between buried threats an ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2017
The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a remote sensing modality that has been used to collect data for the task of buried threat detection. The returns of the GPR can be organized as images in which the characteristic visual patterns of threats can be leve ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2017
Data from multiple sensors has been collected using a handheld system, and includes precise location information. These sensors include ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors. The performance of these sensors on differen ...
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Journal ArticleApplied Energy · December 1, 2016
The quantity of small scale solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays in the United States has grown rapidly in recent years. As a result, there is substantial interest in high quality information about the quantity, power capacity, and energy generated by such array ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of neural engineering · December 2016
ObjectiveThe P300 speller is a popular brain-computer interface (BCI) system that has been investigated as a potential communication alternative for individuals with severe neuromuscular limitations. To achieve acceptable accuracy levels for commu ...
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Journal ArticleJ Neural Eng · December 2016
OBJECTIVE: Dry electrodes have an advantage over gel-based 'wet' electrodes by providing quicker set-up time for electroencephalography recording; however, the potentially poorer contact can result in noisier recordings. We examine the impact that this may ...
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Journal ArticleScientific data · December 2016
Earth-observing remote sensing data, including aerial photography and satellite imagery, offer a snapshot of the world from which we can learn about the state of natural resources and the built environment. The components of energy systems that are visible ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · September 1, 2016
The ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a popular and successful remote sensing modality that has been investigated for landmine detection. GPR offers excellent detection performance, but it is limited by a low rate of advance (ROA) due to its short sensing ...
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ConferenceProceedings - International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP · August 3, 2016
Most state-of-the-art dictionary learning algorithms (DLAs) are iterative, and must begin with an initial estimate of the dictionary, referred to as the seed. A seed can be generated randomly, but it has been shown that choosing a more intelligent seed oft ...
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Conference2015 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications, SmartGridComm 2015 · March 17, 2016
Energy disaggregation algorithms decompose building-level energy data into device-level information. We conduct a head-To-head comparison of energy disaggregation techniques across multiple metrics and data sets. Our framework for analyzing the performance ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2016
The forward-looking ground penetrating radar (FLGPR) is a remote sensing modality that has recently been investigated for buried threat detection. The FLGPR considered in this work uses stepped frequency sensing followed by filtered backprojection to creat ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2016
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology is an effective method of detecting buried explosive threats. The system uses a binary classifier to distinguish "targets", or buried threats, from "nontargets" arising from system prescreener false alarms; this cl ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2016
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a popular remote sensing modality for buried threat detection. Many algorithms have been developed to detect buried threats using GPR data. One on-going challenge with GPR is the detection of very deeply buried targets. In ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2016
Many remote sensing modalities have been developed for buried target detection (BTD), each one offering relative advantages over the others. There has been interest in combining several modalities into a single BTD system that benefits from the advantages ...
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ConferenceProgress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2016
Genomic subtype has been shown to be an important predictor of therapy response for patients with glioblastomas. Unfortunately, obtaining the genomic subtype is an expensive process that is not typically included in the standard of care. It is therefore of ...
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ConferenceProgress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE · January 1, 2016
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor characterized by very poor survival. However, while some patients survive only a few months, some might live for multiple years. Accurate prognosis of survival and stratification of patients allows ...
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Conference2016 IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA 2016 · January 1, 2016
Power generation from distributed solar photovoltaic PV arrays has grown rapidly in recent years. As a result, there is interest in collecting information about the quantity, power capacity, and energy generated by such arrays; and to do so over small geo- ...
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Conference2016 IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA 2016 · January 1, 2016
Power generation from distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays has grown rapidly in recent years. As a result, there is interest in collecting information about the quantity, power capacity, and energy generated by such arrays; and to do so over small ge ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · September 2015
P300 spellers can provide a means of communication for individuals with severe neuromuscular limitations. However, its use as an effective communication tool is reliant on high P300 classification accuracies ( > 70%) to account for error revisions. Error-r ...
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Journal ArticleEpilepsy & behavior : E&B · July 2015
We demonstrate evidence that high discriminability between preictal and interictal intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) recordings [1,2] of the Freiburg database (FSPEEG) may be due to the amount of time that occurred between recordings, as opposed to ...
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Journal ArticleDecision Support Systems · June 1, 2015
Corporate financial fraud has a severe negative impact on investors and the capital market in general. The current resources committed to financial fraud detection (FFD), however, are insufficient to identify all occurrences in a timely fashion. Methods fo ...
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Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence · May 28, 2015
Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a type of supervised learning in which labels are available for sets of observations (bags), but not for individual observations (instances). MIL has been applied in different areas, which has led to a large number of al ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · April 1, 2015
Hidden Markov models (HMMs) have previously been successfully applied to subsurface threat detection using ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. However, parameter estimation in most HMM-based landmine detection approaches is difficult since object location ...
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Journal ArticleJ Neural Eng · February 2015
OBJECTIVE: The P300 speller is a brain-computer interface (BCI) that can possibly restore communication abilities to individuals with severe neuromuscular disabilities, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), by exploiting elicited brain signals in el ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2015
Forward-looking ground penetrating radar (FLGPR) is a remote sensing modality that has recently been investigated for buried threat detection. FLGPR offers greater standoff than other downward-looking modalities such as electromagnetic induction and downwa ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2015
Buried threat detection algorithms in Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements often utilize a statistical classifier to model target responses. There are many different target types with distinct responses and all are buried in a wide range of conditio ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2015
A goal of ground penetrating radar (GPR) preprocessing is to distinguish background from data containing explosive threats. This is commonly achieved by performing depth-dependent mean and standard deviation normalization, where the mean and standard devia ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2015
Many remote sensing modalities have been developed for buried target detection, each one offering its own relative advantages over the others. As a result there has been interest in combining several modalities into a single detection platform that benefit ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2015
Improved performance in the discrimination of buried threats using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data has recently been achieved using features developed for applications in computer vision. These features, designed to characterize local shape information ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2015
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology has proven capable of detecting buried threats. The system relies on a binary classifier that is trained to distinguish between two classes: a target class, encompassing many types of buried threats and their compo ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2015
In this work, we explore the efficacy of two buried threat detectors on handheld data. The first algorithm is an energy-based algorithm, which computes how anomalous a given A-scan measurement after it is normalized according to its local statistics. It is ...
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Conference2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA 2015 · January 1, 2015
The quantity of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) installations has grown rapidly in the US in recent years. There is a strong interest among decision makers in obtaining high quality information about rooftop PV, such as the locations, power capacity, and e ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · September 2014
The P300 Speller brain-computer interface (BCI) is a virtual keyboard that allows users to type without requiring neuromuscular control. P300 Speller research commonly aims to improve the system accuracy, which is typically estimated by spelling a small nu ...
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Journal ArticleJ Neurosci Methods · July 30, 2014
The P300 Speller brain-computer interface (BCI) allows a user to communicate without muscle activity by reading electrical signals on the scalp via electroencephalogram. Modern BCI systems use multiple electrodes ("channels") to collect data, which has bee ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · July 2014
P300 spellers provide a means of communication for individuals with severe physical limitations, especially those with locked-in syndrome, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, P300 speller use is still limited by relatively low communication rat ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · June 2014
Many cochlear implant (CI) listeners experience decreased speech recognition in reverberant environments [Kokkinakis et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129(5), 3221-3232 (2011)], which may be caused by a combination of self- and overlap-masking [Bolt and MacDonal ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · January 1, 2014
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a powerful and rapidly maturing technology for subsurface threat identification. However, sophisticated processing of GPR data is necessary to reduce false alarms due to naturally occurring subsurface clutter and soil dist ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · January 1, 2014
Many remote sensing applications involve the classification of anomalous responses as either objects of interest or clutter. This paper addresses the problem of anomaly classification in hyperspectral imagery (HSI) and focuses on robustly detecting disturb ...
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Journal ArticleSensing and Imaging · January 1, 2014
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a versatile technology for subsurface sensing, and has shown promise in countermine applications when a target detection algorithm is employed. Because the soil environment is naturally heterogeneous and nonstationary,many ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2014
Spectroscopic techniques are only as powerful as the information that can be extracted from the resulting spectral data. Machine learning is the study of techniques for the automated extraction of information from raw data. Proper application of machine le ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2014
A number of recent algorithms have shown improved performance in detecting buried explosive threats by statistically modeling target responses observed in ground penetrating radar (GPR) signals. These methods extract features from known examples of target ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2014
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a very promising technology for subsurface threat detection. A successful algorithm employing GPR should achieve high detection rates at a low false-alarm rate and do so at operationally relevant speeds. GPRs measure refle ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2014
A recently validated technique for buried target detection relies on applying an acoustic stimulus signal to a patch of earth and then measuring its seismic (vibrational) response using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). Target detection in this modality of ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2014
Ground Penetrating radar (GPR) is a commonly used modality for the detection of buried threats. This work explores two approaches for buried threat detection in GPR data that we refer to as the hyperbolic filter and PLSDA filter algorithms. The hyperbolic ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2014
Target detection algorithms for ground penetrating radar (GPR) data typically calculate local statistics for the background data surrounding a test sample as a means to assess changes in the data from background. To ensure that the local statistics are ind ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2014
Buried threat detection system (e.g., GPR, FLIR, EMI) performance can be summarized through two related statistics: the probability of detection (PD), and the false alarm rate (FAR). These statistics impact system rate of forward advance, clearance probabi ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2014
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a popular sensing modality for buried threat detection that offers low false alarm rates (FARs), but suffers from a short detection stopping or standoff distance. This short stopping distance leaves little time for the sys ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2014
Recent research has shown that synthetic aperture acoustic (SAA) imaging may be useful for object identification. The goal of this work is to use SAA information to detect and identify four types of objects: jagged rocks, river rocks, small concave capped ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · August 2013
Reverberation is especially detrimental for cochlear implant listeners; thus, mitigating its effects has the potential to provide significant improvements to cochlear implant communication. Efforts to model and correct for reverberation in acoustic listeni ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng · May 2013
P300 spellers provide a noninvasive method of communication for people who may not be able to use other communication aids due to severe neuromuscular disabilities. However, P300 spellers rely on event-related potentials (ERPs) which often have low signal- ...
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Conference2013 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo, ICCVE 2013 - Proceedings · January 1, 2013
We present a novel tracking algorithm for an autonomous vehicle equipped with a single camera. Given only monocular visual data, our algorithm utilizes projective geometry to compute concise features of the environment. Using these features, road markings ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · January 1, 2013
Frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors can measure object-specific signatures that can be used to discriminate landmines from harmless clutter. In a model-based signal processing paradigm, the object signatures can often be decomposed int ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2013
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a widely used technology for the detection of subsurface buried threats. Although GPR data contains a representation of 3D space, during training, target and false alarm locations are usually only provided in 2D space alon ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2013
Utilizing methods from the image processing and computer vision fields has led to advances in high resolution Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) based threat detection. By analyzing 2-D slices of GPR data and applying various image processing algorithms, it is ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2013
Frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors have been shown to provide target signatures which enable discrimination of landmines from harmless clutter. In particular, frequency-domain EMI sensors are well-suited for target characterization by ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2013
Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) cameras have recently been studied as a sensing modality for use in buried threat detection systems. FLIR-based detection systems benefit from larger standoff distances and faster rates of advance than other sensing modaliti ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · December 2012
While cochlear implants (CIs) usually provide high levels of speech recognition in quiet, speech recognition in noise remains challenging. To overcome these difficulties, it is important to understand how implanted listeners separate a target signal from i ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · December 1, 2012
Detection of buried explosive threats is a challenging problem. GPR has recently become a powerful tool for achieving robust subsurface target detection, but novel target types, and large numbers of subsurface objects in rural environments significantly co ...
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ConferenceProceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Signal and Image Processing, SIP 2012 · December 1, 2012
Advances in ground penetrating radar (GPR) design, fabrication, and related signal processing have led to GPR becoming a powerful technology for the detection and identification of subsurface explosive threats. GPR's sensitivity to non-metallic disturbance ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Physical Chemistry C · January 12, 2012
We investigate the chemistry and kinetics of the surface functionalization of InAs with hemin aimed at demonstrating novel hemin-functionalized InAs planar resistors or molecularly controlled resistors (MOCSERs) with subparts per billion sensitivity to NO ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2012
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a commonly employed sensing modality for landmine detection. It has been successfully deployed in vehicular systems, and is also being integrated into handheld systems. Handheld mine detection systems are typically deploye ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2012
Vehicle-mounted ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has proved to be a valuable technology for buried threat detection, especially in the area of military route clearance. However, detection performance may be degraded in very rough terrain or o-road conditions ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2012
Image keypoints are widely used in computer vision for object matching and recognition, where they provide the best solution for matching and instance recognition of complex objects within cluttered images. Most matching algorithms operate by rst nding int ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2012
Many effective buried threat detection systems rely on close proximity and near vertical deployment over subsurface objects before reasonable performance can be obtained. A forward-looking sensor configuration, where an object can be detected from much gre ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2012
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a very useful technology for buried threat detection applications which is capable of identifying both metallic and non-metallic objects with moderate false alarm rates. Several pattern classication algorithms have been pr ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2012
A method is presented for determining the position and orientation of a vehicle from a single, color video taken from the hood of the vehicle, for the purpose of assisting its autonomous operation at very high speeds on rural roads. An implicit perspective ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2012
Frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors have been shown to provide target signatures which enable discrimination of landmines from harmless clutter. In particular, frequency-domain EMI sensors are well-suited for target characterization by ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2012
Roadside explosive threats continue to pose a significant risk to soldiers and civilians in conflict areas around the world. These objects are easy to manufacture and procure, but due to their ad hoc nature, they are difficult to reliably detect using stan ...
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ConferenceWorkshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing, Evolution in Remote Sensing · December 28, 2011
Context-dependent learning algorithms have shown improved performance for anomaly classification in hyperspectral imagery (HSI) collected over varying environmental conditions. Past techniques have relied on statistically-motivated decomposition, such as p ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · November 16, 2011
In recent years, context-dependent algorithm fusion has been proposed for improving landmine detection with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) across changing environmental and operating conditions. While context-dependent fusion techniques generally assume in ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · July 21, 2011
Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can provide rapid, minimally destructive, chemical analysis of substances with the benefit of little to no sample preparation. Therefore, LIBS is a viable technology for the detection of substances of interest in ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · July 13, 2011
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data provides a powerful technique to identify subsurface buried threats. Although GPR data contains a three-dimensional representation of the subsurface, object truth (i.e. labels and positions of true threat objects in trai ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · July 13, 2011
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) sensors provide an effective means for detecting changes in the sub-surface electrical properties of soils, such as changes indicative of landmines or other buried threats. However, most GPR-based pre-screening algorithms onl ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · July 13, 2011
It has been established throughout the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) literature that environmental factors can severely impact the performance of GPR sensors in landmine detection applications. Over the years, electromagnetic inversion techniques have bee ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · July 13, 2011
Frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors have the ability to provide target signatures which enable discrimination of landmines from harmless clutter. In particular, frequency-domain EMI sensors are well-suited for target characterization b ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · July 13, 2011
The classification of firearms from their acoustic signatures has many potential benefits for a variety of military and security operations. Most approaches to acoustic gunshot classification can be characterized as frame based feature classification appro ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · July 13, 2011
In landmine detection applications, fluctuation of environmental and operating conditions can limit the performance of sensors based on ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology. As these conditions vary, the classification and fusion rules necessary for a ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · July 13, 2011
Forward looking video can provide a large amount of tactically-relevant information to vehicle operators regarding roadside explosive threats. However it is difficult for vehicle operators to keep track of what roadside objects have changed since their las ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · July 13, 2011
Rough surfaces present an impediment to the detection of buried threats with ground penetrating radar (GPR). Besides introducing artifacts in the sub-surface due to rough scattering, very rough or uneven surfaces can make inference of the location of the g ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · June 1, 2011
Autoregressive (AR) models are fundamental tools for modeling a variety of signals in many fields of study. Selecting the appropriate order for AR models is typically accomplished using an information criterion to compare the models learned for all orders ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · January 1, 2011
A technique for making landmine detection with a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) sensor more robust to fluctuations in environmental conditions is presented. Context-dependent feature selection (CDFS) counteracts environmental uncertainties that degrade det ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A:Systems and Humans · January 1, 2011
A framework is presented for information-theoretic sensor management for the detection of static targets. The sensor manager searches for N targets within a cell grid using a suite of M sensor platforms. Each sensor platform may contain one or more sensing ...
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Conference2010 IEEE International Conference on Wireless Information Technology and Systems, ICWITS 2010 · December 7, 2010
Recent advances in context-dependent processing for vehicle-based route clearance suggest that information regarding the environmental context associated with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data can potentially be exploited to improve target detection perf ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 1, 2010
Frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors have the ability to measure target signatures which enable discrimination of landmines from harmless clutter. In a model-based signal processing paradigm, the target signatures can be decomposed into ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 1, 2010
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors provide complementary capabilities in detecting buried targets such as landmines, suggesting that the fusion of GPR and EMI modalities may provide improved detection performance ove ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 1, 2010
Previous work has introduced a framework for information-based sensor management that is capable of tasking multiple sensors searching for targets among a set of discrete objects or in a cell grid. However, in many real-world scenarios - such as detecting ...
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Journal ArticleProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 1, 2010
Context-dependent classification techniques applied to landmine detection with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) have demonstrated substantial performance improvements over conventional classification algorithms. Context-dependent algorithms compute a decisio ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 1, 2010
Time domain ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been shown to be a powerful sensing phenomenology for detecting buried objects such as landmines. Landmine detection with GPR data typically utilizes a feature-based pattern classification algorithm to discrim ...
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Conference2nd Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing, WHISPERS 2010 - Workshop Program · November 29, 2010
Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) has been shown to be a powerful remote sensing phenomenology that is appropriate for a variety of classification and detection tasks. Standard detection and classification algorithms applied to hyperspectral data are hindered by ...
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Journal ArticleApplied Optics · May 1, 2010
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique real-time geochemical analysis that is being developed for portable use outside of the laboratory. In this study, statistical signal processing and classification techniques were applie ...
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Journal ArticleAdvances in Engineering Education · 2010
The field of electrical and computer engineering has evolved significantly in the past two decades. This evolution has broadened the field of ECE, and subfields have seen deep penetration into very specialized areas. Remarkable devices and systems arising ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · January 1, 2010
Many of the ongoing efforts to develop strategies for detecting and locating subsurface unexploded ordnance (UXO) use features based on phenomenological models to discriminate between UXO and harmless clutter. The process of generating features requires mo ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · January 1, 2010
Context-dependent approaches to landmine detection have been developed in recent years to exploit the sensitivity of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to changes in environmental conditions. Previous approaches to context-dependent fusion have only considered ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · January 1, 2010
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a promising technique for buried threat detection which provides a complimentary phenomenology to electro-magnetic induction (EMI) based sensing. However, many successful GPR-based buried threat detection algorithms requir ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · January 1, 2010
It is not uncommon for cochlear implant patients to have individual electrodes that produce anomalous percepts that impair or prevent the effective transmission of auditory information. Exhaustive psychophysical testing to detect all such information chann ...
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ConferenceWHISPERS '09 - 1st Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing · December 21, 2009
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a powerful tool for various remote sensing tasks including agricultural modeling and land-mine/unexploded ordnance clearance. Although the application of standard supervised learning techniques to HSI data has previously been ...
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ConferenceProceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE · December 1, 2009
The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University has completed a full-scale redesign of its undergraduate program based on the theme of Integrated Sensing and Information Processing. This theme provides a coherent, overarching framewor ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · September 8, 2009
Recent advances in Laser-Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Raman spectroscopy, and other spectroscopic approaches have increased interest in the application of spectroscopy to detection of explosives along with other chemical-signature identification ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · September 8, 2009
In previous work, a sensor management framework has been developed that manages a suite of sensors in a search for static targets within a grid of cells. This framework has been studied for binary, non-binary, and correlated sensor observations, and the se ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · September 8, 2009
Acoustic detection of gunshots has many security and military applications. Most gunfire produces both an acoustic muzzle-blast signal as well as a high-frequency shockwave. However some guns do not propel bullets with the speed required to cause shockwave ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · September 8, 2009
Current ground penetrating radar algorithms for landmine detection require accurate estimates of the location of the air/ground interface to maintain high levels of performance. However, the presence of surface clutter, natural soil roughness, and antenna ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · September 8, 2009
We present a novel method for improving landmine detection with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) by utilizing a priori knowledge of environmental conditions to facilitate algorithm training. The goal of Context-Dependent Feature Selection (CDFS) is to mitiga ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · July 2009
Cochlear implant sound processing strategies that use time-varying pulse rates to transmit fine structure information are one proposed method for improving the spectral representation of a sound with the eventual goal of improving speech recognition in noi ...
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Journal ArticleApplied Geochemistry · June 1, 2009
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a simple atomic emission spectroscopy technique capable of real-time, essentially non-destructive determination of the elemental composition of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas). LIBS, which is presently u ...
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Journal ArticleStochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment · January 1, 2009
Buried unexploded ordnance (UXO) continues to be a difficult remediation problem from both a sensing and a discrimination point of view. Modern approaches to both the sensing and discrimination problems utilize high bandwidth electromagnetic induction (EMI ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · December 1, 2008
Previously, a framework for sensor management has been developed for the detection of static targets such as landmines. The sensor manager functions by tasking the available sensors to greedily maximize the expected information gain obtained with each new ...
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ConferenceProceedings of the 2008 IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing, MLSP 2008 · December 1, 2008
Several studies of the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier have proposed the use of non-uniform weighting on the k neighbors. It has been suggested that the distance to each neighbor can be used to calculate the individual weights in a weighted KNN approac ...
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ConferenceProceedings - European Conference on Noise Control · December 1, 2008
Multi-rate sound processing strategies may potentially provide improved speech recognition and music perception in cochlear implants, although it may be necessary to tune these strategies using psychophysical data to provide maximum benefit to the user. To ...
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ConferenceProceedings - European Conference on Noise Control · December 1, 2008
An information-based sensor management framework is discussed that enables the automated tasking of a suite of sensors when detecting static targets. The sensor manager chooses the sensors to use and the grid-based locations to observe in order to maximize ...
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Journal ArticleHearing research · October 2008
It has been established that current cochlear implants do not supply adequate spectral information for perception of tonal languages. Comprehension of a tonal language, such as Mandarin Chinese, requires recognition of lexical tones. New strategies of coch ...
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ConferencePRIME - 2008 PhD Research in Microelectronics and Electronics, Proceedings · September 22, 2008
Power consumption is a critical factor that determines the lifetime of a wireless network node. Substantial portion of the power is consumed by the transceiver in the transmit phase. This paper presents a new SNR detection technique for dynamic power manag ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · June 2, 2008
This work provides a performance comparison between two frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors - one quadrupole and one dipole sensor for the detection of subsurface anti-personnel and anti-tank landmines. A summary of the physical differ ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · June 2, 2008
Recent advances in ground penetrating radar (GPR) design and fabrication have resulted in improved fidelity responses from relatively small, shallow-buried objects like landmines and improvised explosive devices. As the responses measured with GPR improve, ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · June 2, 2008
Previous research has developed an information-theoretic sensor management framework for improving static target detection performance. This framework has been successfully applied to a large dataset of real landmine data; performance using the sensor mana ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · February 2008
Cochlear implant subjects continue to experience difficulty understanding speech in noise and performing pitch-based musical tasks. Acoustic model studies have suggested that transmitting additional fine structure via multiple stimulation rates is a potent ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · January 2008
The wide use of psychometric assessments and the time necessary to conduct comprehensive psychometric tests has motivated significant research into the development of psychometric testing procedures that will provide accurate and efficient estimates of the ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters · January 1, 2008
Phenomenological modeling coupled with statistical signal processing has been shown to significantly improve capabilities for discriminating unexploded ordnance (UXO) from benign clutter using electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor data. The general premis ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · January 1, 2008
As ground penetrating radar phenomenology continues to improve, more advanced statistical signal processing approaches become applicable to subsurface inference in GPR data. Despite the wide body of literature exploring the applications of various approach ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · January 1, 2008
A method of generating features for classification of unexploded ordnance using matching pursuits decomposition is proposed as a possible alternative, or complement, to the use of a standard dipole model. The proposed matching pursuit decomposition with an ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · December 2007
There is significant variability in the benefit provided by cochlear implants to severely deafened individuals. The reasons why some subjects exhibit low speech recognition scores are unknown; however, underlying physiological or psychophysical factors may ...
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ConferenceIEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing Proceedings · December 1, 2007
Previously, a grid-based sensor management framework has been developed that is useful for directing the operation of a suite of sensors seeking to detect static targets. Earlier versions of the framework only allow the sensors to make binary observations ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 15, 2007
Previous work by the authors using information-based sensor management for static target detection has utilized a probability of error performance metric that assumes knowledge of the number of targets present in a grid of cells. Using this probability of ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 15, 2007
This work explores possible performance enhancements for landmine detection algorithms using frequency domain wideband electromagnetic induction sensors. A pre-existing four parameter model for conducting objects based on empirically collected data for UXO ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 15, 2007
As ground penetrating radar sensor phenomenology improves, more advanced statistical processing approaches become applicable to the problem of landmine detection in GPR data. Most previous studies on landmine detection in GPR data have focused on the appli ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 15, 2007
A Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method is proposed to locate the ground bounce (GB) positions in 3D data collected by ground penetrating radar (GPR) system. The algorithm is verified utilizing real data and improved landmine detection performance is achieve ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · August 2007
Two approaches have been proposed to reduce the synchrony of the neural response to electrical stimuli in cochlear implants. One approach involves adding noise to the pulse-train stimulus, and the other is based on using a high-rate pulse-train carrier. Hy ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · July 1, 2007
In this paper, we consider the application of texture features for antitank landmine detection in ground-penetrating-radar data in the difficult scenario of very high clutter environments. In particular, we develop a technique for 3-D texture feature extra ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · June 1, 2007
Recognizing the uncertainty present in all real-world problems, this correspondence extends the mathematical framework of a previously presented information-based sensor manager to permit operation with uncertain sensor probabilities of detection and false ...
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Journal ArticlePerception & psychophysics · April 2007
Numerous previous studies have focused on the development of quick and efficient adaptive psychometric procedures. In psychophysics, there is often a model of the psychometric function supported by previous studies for the task of interest. The theory of o ...
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Journal ArticleJournal of Applied Geophysics · March 19, 2007
Statistical signal processing techniques have shown progress in discriminating UXO from clutter when the objects occur in isolation. Under this condition, only a single object contributes to the measured sensor data. For multiple closely spaced subsurface ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · February 1, 2007
Numerous detection algorithms, using various sensor modalities, have been developed for the detection of mines in cluttered and noisy backgrounds. The performance for each detection algorithm is typically reported in terms of the receiver operating charact ...
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ConferenceASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings · January 1, 2007
A new introductory course, Fundamentals of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), has been designed to provide a rigorous, integrated introduction to the ECE field. The course laboratory, described in this paper, both promotes concept integration and p ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2007
Magnetic signal, and then analyzing the returned signal to infer characteristics of the investigated region. It is not uncommon for the measured signal to be relatively weak or for ambient noise to interfere with the sensor’s ability to isolate and measure ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Education · 2007
The Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Department at Duke University, Durham, NC, is undergoing extensive curriculum revisions that incorporate novel content, organization, and teaching methods. The cornerstone of the new curriculum is a theme-based ...
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ConferenceASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings · 2007
A new introductory course, Fundamentals of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), has been designed to provide a rigorous, integrated introduction to the ECE field. The course laboratory, described in this paper, both promotes concept integration and p ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · January 1, 2007
Cochlear implant patients exhibit a wide range of performance on speech recognition tasks. One potential explanation for such variability is the existence of psychophysically observed phenomena that might indicate the presence of anomalous percepts associa ...
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ConferenceASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings · December 1, 2006
The Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) department at Duke University is undergoing extensive curriculum revisions incorporating both new content and organization and innovative teaching methods. The cornerstone of the new curriculum is a theme-based ...
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Conference2006 IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop Proceedings, SAM 2006 · December 1, 2006
Previous work has presented an information-theoretic sensor management framework for the detection of static targets. This framework is based on the expected discrimination gain maximization technique of Kastella. The sensor manager searches for N targets ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · December 1, 2006
Recent advances in ground penetrating radar (GPR) fabrication and signal processing have made high fidelity detection of buried anti-tank landmines a practical possibility under field scenarios. However, detection of subsurface landmines at a low false ala ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · August 23, 2006
Previous large-scale blind tests of anti-tank landmine detection utilizing the NIITEK ground penetrating radar indicated the potential for very high anti-tank landmine detection probabilities at very low false alarm rates for algorithms based on adaptive b ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · August 23, 2006
In this work we explore and compare several statistical pattern recognition techniques for classification and identification of buried landmines using both electromagnetic induction and ground penetrating radar data. In particular we explore application of ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · August 23, 2006
A proliferation of the number and variety of sensors for the landmine detection problem has created the need for a sensor manager that is able to intelligently task and coordinate the operation of a suite of landmine sensors. Previous work has developed a ...
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Journal ArticleHearing research · August 2006
Current cochlear implants provide frequency resolution through the number of channels. Improving resolution by increasing channels is limited by factors such as the physiological feasibility of increasing the number of electrodes, the inability to increase ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems · April 1, 2006
A two-stage algorithm for landmine detection with a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system is described. First, 3-D data sets are processed using a computationally inexpensive pre-screening algorithm which flags potential locations of interest. These flagge ...
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ConferenceASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings · January 1, 2006
The Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) department at Duke University is undergoing extensive curriculum revisions incorporating both new content and organization and innovative teaching methods. The cornerstone of the new curriculum is a theme-based ...
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Chapter · January 1, 2006
Remote sensing often involves probing a region of interest with a transmitted electromagnetic signal, and then analyzing the returned signal to infer characteristics of the investigated region. It is not uncommon for the measured signal to be relatively we ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · 2006
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely used for landmine detection due to its high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and superior ability to image nonmetallic landmines. Processing GPR data to obtain better target images and to assist further object dete ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · January 1, 2006
In recent years, sensor management algorithms have been studied for the purpose of providing intelligent, automated control of complex fielded sensor suites in remote sensing applications. In this paper, a framework for sensor management is presented that ...
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ConferencePIERS 2006 Cambridge - Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Proceedings · January 1, 2006
Until recently, detection algorithms could not reliably distinguish between buried UXO and clutter, leading to many false alarms. Over the last several years modern geophysical techniques have been developed that merge more sophisticated sensors, underlyin ...
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Journal ArticleEurasip Journal on Applied Signal Processing · December 1, 2005
Cochlear implants can provide partial restoration of hearing, even with limited spectral resolution and loss of fine temporal structure, to severely deafened individuals. Studies have indicated that background noise has significant deleterious effects on t ...
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Conference2nd International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering · December 1, 2005
Psychophysical studies with cochlear implant patients have demonstrated performance variability across the electrode array, in some cases with electrodes displaying quite anomalous behavior. Aberrant cochlear implant channels have been linked to reduced sp ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · October 24, 2005
In this work we present an application of matched subspace detectors to the problem of target detection and identification using ground penetrating radar data. In particular we apply sets of matched subspace detector filter banks to data containing both an ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · October 24, 2005
We consider an information-theoretic approach for sensor management that chooses sensors and sensor parameters in order to maximize the expected discrimination gain associated with each new sensor measurement. We analyze the problem of searching for N targ ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · October 24, 2005
Due to the nature of landmine detection, a high detection probability (P d) is required to avoid casualties and injuries. However, high P d is often obtained at the price of extremely high false alarm rates. It is widely accepted that no single sensor tech ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · October 24, 2005
This study describes the U.S. Army Force Protection Demining System (FPDS); a remotely-operated, multisensor platform developed for reliable detection and neutralization of both anti-tank and anti-personnel landmines. The ongoing development of the prototy ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · October 24, 2005
Last year, we reported on a preliminary evaluation of GE's frequency-domain EMI prototype sensor capable of measuring the wideband response of simulant and inert low metal mines at shallow depths over a frequency range from 100 Hz to 150 kHz. Since then, t ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · July 1, 2005
Quadrupole resonance (QR) is a novel technology recently applied to landmine detection. The detection process is specific to the chemistry of the explosive, and therefore is less susceptible to the types of false alarms experienced by metal detectors and g ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · June 2005
This work investigates dynamic range and intensity discrimination for electrical pulse-train stimuli that are modulated by noise using a stochastic auditory nerve model. Based on a hypothesized monotonic relationship between loudness and the number of spik ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · 2005
We investigated the application of two state-of-the-art feature selection algorithms for subsurface target discrimination. One is called joint classification and feature optimization (JCFO), which imposes a sparse prior on the features, and optimizes the c ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · January 1, 2005
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been proposed as an alternative to classical electromagnetic induction techniques for the landmine detection problem. The Wichmann/Niitek system provides a good platform for novel GPR-based antitank mine detection and cla ...
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ConferenceASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings · 2005
Undergraduates in Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) at Duke University have benefited from the combination of curricular flexibility and rigorous coursework. The current curriculum is further limited in that the core courses do not offer a vertical ...
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ConferenceProceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophyics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, SAGEEP · January 1, 2005
Recent advances in ground penetrating radar (GPR) fabrication and related signal processing have yielded robust performance on government sponsored blind tests of anti-tank landmine detection capabilities on test lanes. Recent data collections with the NII ...
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ConferenceProceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophyics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, SAGEEP · January 1, 2005
Despite improvements in both military and civilian mine detection equipment, humanitarian demining remains a slow, hazardous, and labor-intensive task. The Force Protection Demining System (FPDS) seeks to provide an efficient and reliable, teleoperated, mi ...
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ConferenceProceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophyics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, SAGEEP · January 1, 2005
Statistical signal processing techniques have shown progress in discriminating UXO from clutter when the objects occur in isolation. Under this condition, only a single object contributes to the sensor measurement. For multiple closely-spaced subsurface ob ...
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ConferenceASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings · January 1, 2005
Hardware-based laboratories have been successfully integrated into individual Digital Signal Processing (DSP) courses at many universities. Typically, most hardware-based DSP laboratory experiences are offered to upper-level students and focus on programmi ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 20, 2004
Recently, blind tests of several automated detection algorithms operating on the NIITEK ground penetrating radar data (GPR) have resulted in quite promising performance results. Anecdotally, human observers have also shown notable skill in detecting landmi ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 20, 2004
In this paper we present a multi-stage algorithm for target/clutter discrimination and target identification using the Niitek/Wichmann ground penetrating radar (GPR). To identify small subsets of GPR data for feature-processing, a pre-screening algorithm b ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 20, 2004
The recent development of high quality sensors paired with development of advanced statistical signal processing algorithms has shown that there are sensors that can not only discriminate targets from clutter, but can also identify subsurface or obscured t ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 20, 2004
Two new features are presented to improve the detection of Anti-Tank (AT) landmines using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). A simplified three dimensial physics based model is used as the basis for the features. We combine these features with the results of ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 20, 2004
With current signal processing techniques, successful discrimination between UXO (Unexploded Ordnance) and clutter depends on characteristics that are consistent across all examples of an ordnance type. Real UXO, however, exhibit many differences from inst ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 20, 2004
The handheld F3 metal detector, developed by the MineLab Corporation, measures the responses of buried objects to electromagnetic pulses. These responses can be processed to determine whether a landmine is present. The simplest processor calculates the tot ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 20, 2004
Quadrupole resonance (QR) technology for explosives detection is of crucial importance in an increasing number of applications. For landmine detection, where the detection system cannot be adequately shielded, QR has proven to be highly effective if the QR ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 20, 2004
Irradiating substances with pulsed neutrons results in several types of interactions which cause the emission of gamma rays. The energy of these gamma rays is characteristic of the nuclei with which the reaction occurred, and can therefore be used as an in ...
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ConferenceProceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE · December 1, 2004
The goal of this work-in-progress is to develop an innovative ECE curriculum that focuses on ECE fundamentals within the construct of real-world integrated system design, analysis, and problem solving. The curriculum will be formulated around the theme of ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · December 1, 2004
Recent advances in ground penetrating radar (GPR) fabrication and algorithm development have yielded significant performance improvements for anti-tank landmine detection in government sponsored blind tests. However these blind tests are typically conducte ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · November 1, 2004
Previous work in subsurface object discrimination using electromagnetic induction data has shown that discrimination algorithms based on statistical signal processing techniques are effective for classifying data from objects that occur in isolation. Howev ...
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ConferenceInternational Congress Series · November 1, 2004
This work investigates the properties of the neural response to a low frequency sinusoidal signal with a high-rate pulse-train carrier using a stochastic auditory nerve model. The agreement between the theoretical predictions, model simulations, and psycho ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · September 27, 2004
Cochlear implants are able to restore some degree of hearing to deafened individuals; however implant users are particularly susceptible to background noise. The effect of noise can be assessed using vowel and consonant confusions measured in listening exp ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · September 27, 2004
This work investigates dynamic range and intensity discrimination for electrical noise-modulated pulse-train stimuli using a stochastic auditory nerve model, Based on a hypothesized monotonic relationship between loudness and the number of spikes, theoreti ...
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Journal ArticleRadio Science · July 1, 2004
Most research in the subsurface object identification area assumes that objects are well isolated from each other and thus that a single signature is measured by the sensing system. In the scenario where multiple closely spaced subsurface objects are prese ...
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Journal ArticleRadio Science · July 1, 2004
Discrimination experiments with the U.S. Army's standard hand-held metal detector (AN/PSS-12) are described. An appendix describes the functioning of the device as a metal detector, and the body of the paper discusses modifications to the device necessary ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing · May 1, 2004
Interpretation of psychophysical data from impaired-hearing individuals on intensity discrimination tasks has been confounded by the fact that some impaired individuals' performance is near-normal in quiet, whereas for others, the difference limen is eleva ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Signal Processing Letters · May 1, 2004
Quadrupole resonance (QR) technology for the detection of explosives is of crucial importance in an increasing number of applications. For landmine detection, where the detection system cannot be shielded, QR has proven to be highly effective if the QR sen ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · April 2004
The incorporation of low levels of noise into an electrical stimulus has been shown to improve auditory thresholds in some human subjects (Zeng et al., 2000). In this paper, thresholds for noise-modulated pulse-train stimuli are predicted utilizing a stoch ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · February 2004
Collecting and analyzing psychophysical data is a fundamental mechanism for the study of auditory processing. However, because this approach relies on human listening experiments, it can be costly in terms of time and money spent gathering the data. The de ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · January 1, 2004
Signal processing algorithms for hand-held mine detection sensors are described. The goals of the algorithms are to provide alarms to a human operator indicating the likelihood of the presence of a buried mine. Two modes of operations are considered: searc ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · 2004
Cochlear implants are able to restore some degree of hearing to deafened individuals; however implant users are particularly susceptible to background noise. The effect of noise can be assessed using vowel and consonant confusions measured in listening exp ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · 2004
This work investigates dynamic range and intensity discrimination for electrical noise-modulated pulse-train stimuli using a stochastic auditory nerve model, Based on a hypothesized monotonic relationship between loudness and the number of spikes, theoreti ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 26, 2003
This paper describes the application of a 2-dimensional (2-D) lattice LMS algorithm for anomaly detection using the Wichmann/Niitek ground penetrating radar (GPR) system. Sets of 3-dimensional (3-D) data are collected from the GPR system and these are proc ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 26, 2003
Low-metal content landmines can be particularly difficult to detect and classify with electromagnetic induction (EMI) systems. Their responses are often less than that of indigenous clutter and the small amounts of asymmetrically distributed metal results ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 26, 2003
Due to an object's unique combination of several physical characteristics, including conductivity and permeability, detection systems using the principles of electromagnetic induction (EMI) can be used to detect and classify a characteristic shape or signa ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 26, 2003
As in many application areas, performance of landmine detection algorithms is judged in terms of detection and false alarm rates. It is widely accepted that single sensors cannot simultaneously achieve both high detection rates and low false alarm rates, s ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 26, 2003
Unexploded ordnance (UXO) discrimination is investigated using the wide band electromagnetic induction (EMI) data. The main focus of this paper is on the practical phenomenological modeling for the induced wideband EMI sensor response from different target ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 26, 2003
Detection and remediation of unexploded ordnance (UXO) represents a major challenge. The detection problem is exacerbated by the fact that on sites contaminated with UXO, extensive surface and sub-surface clutter and shrapnel is also present. Traditional m ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 26, 2003
Numerous detection algorithms, using various sensor modalities, have been developed for the detection of mines in cluttered and noisy backgrounds. The performance for each detection algorithm is typically reported in terms of the Receiver Operating Charact ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 26, 2003
A hand-held mine detector has two modes of operation: search and localization. In search mode, the goal is to identify areas where a buried mine might be located. Since minimizing the number of misses is a top priority, many regions identified in this mode ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · November 26, 2003
Many cart- and vehicular-based UXO detection systems employ GPS receivers to accurately determine the system's position. However, the unevenness of the terrain often causes the system to tilt during the data collection, introducing errors in the GPS measur ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · October 1, 2003
Decay rate estimation has been proposed as an effective method for signal characterization in many application areas, including subsurface sensing using time-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors. The physical basis for this strategy is that every ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · July 2003
An important factor that may play a role in speech recognition by individuals with cochlear implants is that electrically stimulated nerves respond with a much higher level of synchrony than is normally observed in acoustically stimulated nerves. Recent wo ...
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Journal ArticleHearing research · June 2003
The dramatic differences observed when comparing auditory neural responses to electrical and acoustic stimulation may illustrate one of the important mechanisms underlying the sometimes poor speech recognition abilities of individuals with cochlear implant ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · May 1, 2003
We consider the detection of subsurface unexploded ordnance via magnetometer and electromagnetic-induction (EMI) sensors. Detection performance is presented, using model-based signal processing algorithms. We first develop and validate the parametric model ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · 2003
The incorporation of low levels of noise into an electrical stimulus has been shown to improve auditory thresholds in human subjects. In this paper, thresholds for noise-modulated pulse-train stimuli are predicted by utilizing a stochastic neural-behaviora ...
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Journal ArticleIntegrated Computer-Aided Engineering · January 1, 2003
Detection of unexploded ordnance (UXO) represents a major challenge on closed, closing, and transferred military ranges as well as on active installations. On sites contaminated with UXO, extensive surface and sub-surface clutter is also present. Tradition ...
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Journal ArticleSpeech Communication · January 1, 2003
A theoretical analysis of auditory signal processing and the distortions introduced by various types of hearing impairments can aid in the design and development of digital hearing aids. In this paper, we investigate the differences between normal and impa ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · July 2002
Acoustic models that produce speech signals with information content similar to that provided to cochlear implant users provide a mechanism by which to investigate the effect of various implant-specific processing or hardware parameters independent of othe ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · April 1, 2002
The response of time-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors, which have been used almost exclusively for landmine detection, is related to the amount of metal present in the object and its distance from the sensor. Unluckily, there is often a signi ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2002
Ground penetrating radar has been proposed as an alternative sensor to classical electromagnetic induction techniques for the landmine detection problem. The NIITEK-Wichmann antenna provides a high frequency radar signal with very low noise levels followin ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2002
Wideband electromagnetic induction (EMI) data provides an opportunity to apply statistical signal processing techniques to potentially mitigate false alarm rates in landmine detection. This paper explores the applications of matched subspace detectors and ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · 2002
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been proposed as an effective sensing modality for reducing the excessively high false alarm rates often encountered in landmine detection applications. Ground penetrating radar is sensitive to discontinuities in the inte ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2002
It is widely accepted that single sensors cannot simultaneously achieve both high detection rates and low false alarm rates for the landmine detection problem. Thus, in this paper we consider the fusion of two types of sensors, electromagnetic induction (E ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2002
Decay rate estimation has been proposed as an effective method for landmine and unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection and discrimination when electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors are employed. The phenomenological basis for this strategy is that every obj ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · January 1, 2002
Detection and remediation of unexploded ordnance (UXO) represents a major challenge on closed, closing, and transferred military ranges as well as on active installations. The detection problem is exacerbated by the fact that on sites contaminated with UXO ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · January 1, 2002
The effect of cochlear hearing loss on intensity discrimination has been experimentally investigated and reported in the literature. It has been observed that the impairment configuration has a significant effect on a subject's discrimination abilities. In ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · January 1, 2002
Weighted sums of decaying exponentials characterize the response of many physical systems. Therefore, accurate decay rate estimation is a goal in many diverse disciplines. In this paper, a parameter transformation which improves decay rate estimation is pr ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · January 1, 2002
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) technology for the detection of explosives is of crucial importance in an increasing number of applications. For landmine detection, NQR has proven to be highly effective if the NQR sensor is not exposed to radio frequenc ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · January 1, 2002
The effect of a low level additive noise process on the input and output characteristics and threshold behavior of auditory nerves (ANs) is studied by means of a stochastic computational model. This paper derives the stochastic properties of the model inpu ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · January 1, 2002
A new adaptive time delay estimation method is proposed for highly curruptive environments based on the cyclostationary property of the source signal. The time delay operator is modeled as a finite impulse response filter. The new adaptive scheme is based ...
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Conference7th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP 2002 · January 1, 2002
Interpretation of psychophysical data from impaired-hearing individuals on intensity discrimination tasks has been confounded by the fact that some impaired individuals' performance is nearnormal in quiet, whereas for others, the difference limen is elevat ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 1, 2001
As in many areas, performance of landmine detection algorithms is judged in terms of detection and false alarm rates. For the landmine detection problem, it is often the case that detectors satisfy one requirement at the cost of poor performance with regar ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 1, 2001
Although the ability of EMI sensors to detect landmines has improved significantly, false alarm rate reduction remains a challenging problem. However, experienced operators can often discriminate mines from metallic clutter with the aid of an audio transdu ...
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ConferenceIEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing Proceedings · December 1, 2001
Traditionally, electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors are operated in the time-domain and the response strength is related to the amount of metal present in the object. These sensors have been used almost exclusively for landmine detection. Unfortunately, ...
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Journal ArticleEar and hearing · October 2001
ObjectiveIn this study, the accuracy of independent measurement of the loudness of different electrodes in a cochlear implant (the "reference" method) was compared with the accuracy of measurements that depend on the results of previous measuremen ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · June 1, 2001
In this paper, the performance of subsurface target identification algorithms using data from time-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors is investigated. The response of time-domain EMI sensors to the presence of a conducting object may be modeled ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation · March 1, 2001
We consider pulsed plane-wave scattering from targets buried under a rough air-ground interface. The properties of the interface are parametrized as a random process with known statistics, and therefore the fields scattered from a particular surface consti ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems · 2001
In most field environments, unexploded ordnance (UXO) items are found among extensive surface and subsurface clutter and shrapnel from ordnance. Traditional algorithms for UXO remediation experience severe difficulty distinguishing buried targets from anth ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2001
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) generates a cross-sectional profile of the soil by transmitting electromagnetic waves that reflect back in a manner associated with the electrical properties and geometry of the objects buried underground. The responses of th ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · January 1, 2001
In this paper, we have investigated the differences between normal and impaired auditory processing for a frequency discrimination task by analyzing the responses of a computational auditory model using signal detection theory. Two detectors, one using all ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · December 1, 2000
In this paper, the physical phenomenology of electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors is reviewed for application to land mine detection and remediation. The response from time-domain EMI sensors is modeled as an exponential damping as a function of time, c ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · December 1, 2000
Decay rate estimation has been proposed as an effective method for landmine and unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection. The physical basis for this strategy is that every object in the target library possesses a unique set of decay rates. In theory, the chara ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · December 1, 2000
EMI, or metal detector, sensors are used extensively to detect landmines. There is often a significant amount of metallic clutter present in the environment, thus EMI sensors that utilize traditional detection algorithms based solely on metal content suffe ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · November 2000
To achieve the most effective speech processing for individuals with cochlear implants, it is important to understand the perceptual features associated with the stimulation parameters. In general, when electrodes are stimulated in order from apex to base, ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · 2000
Data taken by the Coleman Research Corporation (CRC) Handheld Standoff Mine Detection System (HSTAMIDS) at Fort A. P. Hill, VA. and Yuma, AZ, it is demonstrated that statistical signal processing techniques show improved performance over the conventional d ...
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Journal ArticleSignal Processing · January 1, 2000
The fundamental goals of land-mine and small unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection are to achieve a high probability of detection (Pd) and a low probability of false alarm (Pfa). Conventional methods usually fulfill the first goal at the cost of a high Pfa. ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · 2000
In this study, an attempt is made to optimize the presentation of information to the operator and to predict improved performance prior to extensive experimental testing. It is shown that by supplying the sensor response more appropriately to the listener, ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · 2000
EMI sensors are used extensively to detect landmines, and operate by detecting the metal that is present in mines. However, mines vary in their construction from metal-cased varieties with a large mass of metal to plastic-cased varieties with minute amount ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · 2000
Many statistical signal processing approaches to target detection and classification assume the measurement is corrupted by independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) white Gaussian noise. This common assumption often results in simpler, and less comput ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · 2000
Target discrimination via decay rate (pole) estimation has been proposed as an effective method for landmine and UXO detection. The physical basis for this strategy is that every object in the target library (i.e., landmine and/or UXO target) possesses a u ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2000
EMI sensors are used extensively to detect landmines, and operate by detecting the metal that is present in mines. However, mines vary in their construction from metal-cased varieties with a large mass of metal to plastic-cased varieties with minute amount ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2000
Target discrimination via decay rate (pole) estimation has been proposed as an effective method for landmine and UXO detection. The physical basis for this strategy is that every object in the target library (i.e., landmine and/or UXO target) possesses a u ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2000
Traditional algorithms for UXO remediation experience severe difficulties distinguishing buried targets from anthropic clutter, and in most cases UXO items are found amongst extensive surface clutter and shrapnel from ordnance operations. These problems re ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2000
Traditionally, field EMI sensors are operated in the time-domain. The time-domain (TD) EMI sensor usually is a pulsed system. It contains both a transmitting coil and a receiving coil. After transmitting an excitation pulse, which generates the primary fie ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 2000
Many statistical signal processing approaches to target detection and classification assume the measurement is corrupted by independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) white Gaussian noise. This common assumption often results in simpler, and less comput ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · 2000
Data taken by the Coleman Research Corporation (CRC) Handheld Standoff Mine Detection System (HSTAMIDS) at Fort A. P. Hill, VA. and Yuma, AZ, it is demonstrated that statistical signal processing techniques show improved performance over the conventional d ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · 2000
In this study, an attempt is made to optimize the presentation of information to the operator and to predict improved performance prior to extensive experimental testing. It is shown that by supplying the sensor response more appropriately to the listener, ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · December 1, 1999
A rigorous signal detection theoretic analysis is used to improve detectability of land mines. The development is performed for sensors that integrate time-domain information to provide a single data point (standard metal detector), those that provide a sa ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · December 1999
In order to develop improved remediation techniques for hearing impairment, auditory researchers must gain a greater understanding of the relation between the psychophysics of hearing and the underlying physiology. One approach to studying the auditory sys ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · December 1, 1999
A study is carried out to investigate sub-optimal detectors that continue to incorporate the physical nature of the wideband frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) signal, but are less computationally burdensome. In addition, a comparison is made ...
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ConferenceInternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) · December 1, 1999
The Joint UXO Coordination Office (JUXOCO) at Ft. Belvoir, VA is sponsoring a series of experiments designed to establish a performance baseline for a variety of sensors. The purpose of these experiments is to determine if advanced algorithms are useful fo ...
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ConferenceIEEE ASSP Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics · December 1, 1999
Historically, theoretical predictions of human auditory perception have not agreed with experimental measurements. We have previously demonstrated that using signal detection theory to analyze the outputs of deterministic computational auditory models yiel ...
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Journal ArticleHearing research · August 1999
Effects of stimulus level on discrimination of one stimulation site from another were examined in 15 human subjects with Nucleus-22 cochlear implant systems. Bipolar stimulation was used in all cases with electrodes in the bipolar pair separated by 1.5 mm ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · February 1999
Forward masking was investigated as a measure of spectral and temporal interactions. Such interactions may adversely affect speech recognition in cochlear-implant subjects. Seven subjects, implanted with the Nucleus 22 device, performed a forward-masking t ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 1999
Although the ability of EMI sensors to detect landmines has improved significantly, false alarm rate reduction remains a challenging problem. Improvements have been achieved through development of optimal algorithms that exploit models of the underlying ph ...
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Journal ArticleIEEE Signal Processing Letters · January 1, 1999
Classification of metal objects is important for landmine and unexploded ordnance applications. Previously, we have investigated optimal classification of landmine-like metal objects using wideband frequency-domain electromagnetic induction data [1]. Here, ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 1999
Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is a technique that discriminates mines from clutter by exploiting unique properties of explosives, rather than the attributes of the mine that exist in many forms of anthropic clutter (e.g., metal content). After excitin ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 1999
In our previous work, we have shown theoretically that a model-based Bayesian approach to the detection of landmines affords significant performance gains over standard thresholding techniques. These performance gains hold for both time- and frequency-doma ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · January 1, 1999
In order to develop improved remediation techniques for hearing impairment, auditory researchers must gain a greater understanding of the relation between the psychophysics of hearing and the underlying physiology. One approach to studying the auditory sys ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · January 1, 1999
EMI sensors are used extensively to detect landmines. These sensors operate by detecting the metal that is present in mines. However, mines vary in their construction from metal-cased varieties with a large mass of metal to plastic-cased varieties with min ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 1, 1998
A principal problem with traditional, narrowband EMI sensors involves target identification. As a consequence, in minefield or unexploded ordinance (UXO) detection, for example, each piece of buried metal must be excavated, causing significant false alarms ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 1, 1998
In this paper we model time-domain plane-wave scattering from targets buried under a rough (random) air-ground interface. The properties of the interface are parametrized as a random process with known statistics. Since the fields incident upon a buried ta ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 1, 1998
In our previous work, we have shown that a model-based Bayesian approach to the detection of mines affords significant performance gains for both time-domain and frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor over standard thresholding techniques. ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · May 1998
Traditionally, psychophysical data have been predicted either by constructing models of the peripheral auditory system or by applying signal detection theory (SDT). Frequently, the theoretical detection performance predicted by SDT is greater than that obs ...
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Conference1998 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems Proceedings - IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence · January 1, 1998
The goal of any landmine detection system is to achieve a high probability of detection while at the same time maintaining low probability of false alarm. For detection of landmines with electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors, the performance tends to be ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · December 1997
This study investigated the relationship between electrode discrimination and speech recognition in 11 postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant subjects who were implanted with the Nucleus/Cochlear Corporation multichannel device. The discriminability ...
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ConferenceProceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering · December 1, 1997
The fundamental goal of mine detection is to achieve a high detection rate along with a low false alarm rate. While many mine detectors achieve the first of these goals, it is often at the cost of a prohibitively large false alarm rate. In this paper, a Ba ...
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ConferenceLecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) · January 1, 1997
In this paper we propose a neural network based approach to sensor fusion, to detect mine locations from electromagnetic induction (EMI) data. Our results use the Random Neural Network (RNN) model [2, 4, 5] which is closer to biophysical reality and mathem ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · January 1997
The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between variation in electrode site of stimulation and the perceptual dimensions along which such stimuli vary. This information may allow more effective use of electrode place when encoding speech ...
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ConferenceProc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA) · 1995
We present a detection concept for initial target screening based on features that are derived from a multiresolution decomposition of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The physical motivation of the multiresolution feature based approach is the exploit ...
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ConferenceICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings · January 1, 1995
We demonstrate the utility of a multiresolution approach for target detection in SAR imagery. Man-made objects exhibit characteristic phase and amplitude fluctuations as the image resolution is varied, while natural terrain has a random signature. We const ...
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Journal ArticleThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · November 1994
Discrimination of temporal patterns has been suggested as a relevant process in speech recognition by subjects with normal hearing [Sorkin, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87, 1695-1701 (1990)]. This paper investigates whether performance of Nucleus multichannel cochl ...
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ConferenceProceedings - International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP · January 1, 1994
Examines the problem of detecting a known target in clutter and shows that a multiresolution-based detector significantly outperforms a more conventional single-resolution detector. The authors then apply a sampling strategy that allows one to choose, for ...
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ConferenceConference Record - Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers · January 1, 1994
We demonstrate the utility of a multiresolution approach for target detection in SAR imagery. In particular, man-made objects exhibit characteristic phase and amplitude fluctuations as the image resolution is varied, while natural terrain (i.e., clutter) h ...
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