Mark R. Leary
Garonzik Family Distinguished Professor Emeritus
Mark Leary is Garonzik Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University. He earned his bachelor’s degree in Psychology from West Virginia Wesleyan College and his Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the University of Florida. He taught previously at Denison University, the University of Texas at Austin, and Wake Forest University.
Leary has published 14 books and more than 250 scholarly articles and chapters on topics dealing with social motivation, emotion, and self-relevant thought, including The Curse of the Self: Self-awareness, Egotism, and the Quality of Human Life. He has also recorded two courses for the Teaching Company's Great Courses series: Understanding the Mysteries of Human Behavior and Why You Are Who You Are: Investigations to Human Personality.
Leary is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the Society for Personality and Social Psychology. He received the Lifetime Career Award from the International Society for Self and Identity and was co-recipient of the Scientific Impact Award from the Society for Experimental Social Psychology. He was founding editor of Self and Identity, editor of Personality and Social Psychology Review, and served as President of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology.
Current Appointments & Affiliations
- Garonzik Family Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Psychology & Neuroscience, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2019
- Professor Emeritus of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychology & Neuroscience, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2019
Contact Information
- 306 Soc/Psych, Durham, NC 27708
- Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708-0085
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leary@duke.edu
(919) 660-5750
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Mark Leary's Web Site
- Background
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Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Florida 1980
- M.A., University of Florida 1978
- B.A., West Virginia Wesleyan College 1976
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Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychology & Neuroscience, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2006 - 2019
- Garonzik Family Distinguished Professor, Psychology & Neuroscience, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2009 - 2019
- Director of the Interdisciplinary Behavioral Research Center, Social Science Research Institute, University Institutes and Centers 2009 - 2017
- Director of Graduate Studies in Psychololgy and Neuroscience, Psychology & Neuroscience, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2016
- Associate Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychology & Neuroscience, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2015
- Recognition
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In the News
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JUN 28, 2016 Aeon -
JUN 28, 2016 Aeon -
JUN 24, 2016 Aeon -
JUN 24, 2016 Aeon -
JAN 14, 2016 -
JAN 8, 2016 BBC News -
NOV 2, 2015 WRAL -
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AUG 30, 2015 Duke Magazine -
JUL 30, 2015 The Huffington Post -
JUL 30, 2015 The Huffington Post -
FEB 11, 2015 U.S. News Health -
FEB 11, 2015 U.S. News Health -
AUG 1, 2014 Duke Magazine -
DEC 17, 2013 Politico -
DEC 17, 2013 Politico
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Awards & Honors
- Publications & Artistic Works
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Selected Publications
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Books
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Hoyle, R. H., Kernis, M. H., Leary, M. R., & Baldwin, M. W. (2019). Selfhood: Identity, esteem, regulation (pp. 1–193). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429305818Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2019). Self-presentation: Impression management and interpersonal behavior (pp. 1–246). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429497384Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Hypo-Egoic Phenomena. Oxford University Press.
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Leary, M. R. (2016). Introduction to Behavioral Research Methods. Pearson.
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Leary, M. R., & Hoyle, R. H. (2013). Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Behavior. Guilford Publications.
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Leary, M. R., & Miller, R. S. (2012). Social Psychology and Dysfunctional Behavior Origins, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Springer Science & Business Media.
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Leary, M. R. (2012). Interpersonal Rejection (pp. 1–346). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195130157.001.0001Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Tangney, J. P. (2011). Handbook of Self and Identity, Second Edition. Guilford Press.
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Leary, M. R. (2007). The Curse of the Self: Self-Awareness, Egotism, and the Quality of Human Life (pp. 1–237). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172423.001.0001Full Text
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Kowalski, R. M., & Leary, M. R. (Eds.). (2003). Key readings in social-clinical psychology. New York: Psychology Press.
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Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1997). Social Anxiety. Guilford Press.
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Leary, M. R. (1983). Understanding social anxiety social, personality and clinical perspectives. Sage Publications, Inc.
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Academic Articles
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Leary, M. R. (2022). Intellectual Humility as a Route to More Accurate Knowledge, Better Decisions, and Less Conflict. American Journal of Health Promotion : Ajhp, 36(8), 1401–1404. https://doi.org/10.1177/08901171221125326bFull Text
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Erwin, S. R., Liu, P. J., Datta, N., Nicholas, J., Rivera-Cancel, A., Leary, M., … Zucker, N. L. (2022). Experiences of mimicry in eating disorders. J Eat Disord, 10(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-022-00607-9Full Text Link to Item
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Rosenfeld, D. L., Balcetis, E., Bastian, B., Berkman, E. T., Bosson, J. K., Brannon, T. N., … Tomiyama, A. J. (2022). Psychological Science in the Wake of COVID-19: Social, Methodological, and Metascientific Considerations. Perspectives on Psychological Science : A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 17(2), 311–333. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691621999374Full Text
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Allen, K.-A., Gray, D. L., Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2022). The Need to Belong: a Deep Dive into the Origins, Implications, and Future of a Foundational Construct. Educational Psychology Review, 34(2), 1133–1156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09633-6Full Text
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Kowalski, R. M., Leary, M., Hendley, T., Rubley, K., Chapman, C., Chitty, H., … Longacre, M. (2021). K-12, college/university, and mass shootings: similarities and differences. The Journal of Social Psychology, 161(6), 753–778. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2021.1900047Full Text
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Kiknadze, N. C., & Leary, M. R. (2021). Comfort zone orientation: Individual differences in the motivation to move beyond one's comfort zone. Personality and Individual Differences, 181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111024Full Text
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Bedrov, A., & Leary, M. R. (2021). What you don't know might hurt me: Keeping secrets in interpersonal relationships. Personal Relationships, 28(3), 495–520. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12373Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2021). The need to belong, the sociometer, and the pursuit of relational value: Unfinished business. Self and Identity, 20(1), 126–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2020.1779120Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2021). Emotional reactions to threats to acceptance and belonging: a retrospective look at the big picture. Australian Journal of Psychology, 73(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1883410Full Text
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Banker, C. C., & Leary, M. R. (2020). Hypo-Egoic Nonentitlement as a Feature of Humility. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 46(5), 738–753. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167219875144Full Text
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Jongman-Sereno, K. P., & Leary, M. R. (2020). Self-judgments of authenticity. Self and Identity, 19(1), 32–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2018.1526109Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2019). Hypo-egoic identity, prejudice, and intergroup relations. Tpm Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 26(3), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.4473/TPM26.3.1Full Text
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Diebels, K. J., & Leary, M. R. (2019). The psychological implications of believing that everything is one. Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(4), 463–473. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1484939Full Text
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Jongman-Sereno, K. P., & Leary, M. R. (2019). The Enigma of Being Yourself: A Critical Examination of the Concept of Authenticity. Review of General Psychology, 23(1), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000157Full Text
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Martin, J. L., Smart Richman, L., & Leary, M. R. (2018). A lasting sting: Examining the short-term and long-term effects of real-life group rejection. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 21(8), 1109–1124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430217695443Full Text
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Diebels, K. J., Leary, M. R., & Chon, D. (2018). Individual differences in selfishness as a major dimension of personality: A reinterpretation of the sixth personality factor. Review of General Psychology, 22(4), 367–376. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000155Full Text
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Parrish, M. H., Inagaki, T. K., Muscatell, K. A., Haltom, K. E. B., Leary, M. R., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2018). Self-compassion and responses to negative social feedback: The role of fronto-amygdala circuit connectivity. Self and Identity, 17(6), 723–738. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2018.1490344Full Text
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Stutts, L. A., Leary, M. R., Zeveney, A. S., & Hufnagle, A. S. (2018). A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between self-compassion and the psychological effects of perceived stress. Self and Identity, 17(6), 609–626. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2017.1422537Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Diebels, K. J., Davisson, E. K., Jongman-Sereno, K. P., Isherwood, J. C., Raimi, K. T., … Hoyle, R. H. (2017). Cognitive and Interpersonal Features of Intellectual Humility. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(6), 793–813. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217697695Full Text Open Access Copy
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Robinson, K. J., Mayer, S., Allen, A. B., Terry, M., Chilton, A., & Leary, M. R. (2016). Resisting self-compassion: Why are some people opposed to being kind to themselves? Self and Identity, 15(5), 505–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2016.1160952Full Text
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Gohar, D., Leary, M. R., & Costanzo, P. R. (2016). Self-presentational congruence and psychosocial adjustment: A test of three models. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 35(7), 589–608. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2016.35.7.589Full Text
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Deffler, S. A., Leary, M. R., & Hoyle, R. H. (2016). Knowing what you know: Intellectual humility and judgments of recognition memory. Personality and Individual Differences, 96, 255–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.016Full Text Open Access Copy
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Hoyle, R. H., Davisson, E. K., Diebels, K. J., & Leary, M. R. (2016). Holding specific views with humility: Conceptualization and measurement of specific intellectual humility. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 165–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.043Full Text
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Jongman-Sereno, K. P., & Leary, M. R. (2016). Self-perceived Authenticity is Contaminated by the Valence of One’s Behavior. Self and Identity, 15(3), 283–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1128964Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2015). Emotional responses to interpersonal rejection. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(4), 435–441.
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Leary, M. R., Diebels, K. J., Jongman-Sereno, K. P., & Fernandez, X. D. (2015). Why Seemingly Trivial Events Sometimes Evoke Strong Emotional Reactions: The Role of Social Exchange Rule Violations. The Journal of Social Psychology, 155(6), 559–575. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1084985Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Raimi, K. T., Jongman-Sereno, K. P., & Diebels, K. J. (2015). Distinguishing Intrapsychic From Interpersonal Motives in Psychological Theory and Research. Perspectives on Psychological Science : A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 10(4), 497–517. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615583132Full Text
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Crosskey, L. B., Curry, J. F., & Leary, M. R. (2015). Role Transgressions, Shame, and Guilt Among Clergy. Pastoral Psychology, 64(6), 783–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-015-0644-6Full Text
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Allen, A. B., & Leary, M. R. (2014). Self-compassionate responses to aging. The Gerontologist, 54(2), 190–200. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns204Full Text
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Brion, J. M., Leary, M. R., & Drabkin, A. S. (2014). Self-compassion and reactions to serious illness: the case of HIV. Journal of Health Psychology, 19(2), 218–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105312467391Full Text
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Leary, M. (2014). The Interpersonal Basis of Self-Esteem: Death, Devaluation, or Deference?, 9781315800516, 143–159. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315800516Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Jongman-Sereno, K. P. (2014). When Rejection Kills: The Central Role of Low Relational Value in School Violence. International Journal of Developmental Sciences, 8(1–2), 25–27. https://doi.org/10.3233/DEV-1400133Full Text
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Raimi, K. T., & Leary, M. R. (2014). Belief superiority in the environmental domain: Attitude extremity and reactions to fracking. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.05.005Full Text
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Vanhalst, J., & Leary, M. R. (2014). Sociotropic differentiation: Differential anticipatory reactions to rejection by close versus distal others predict well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 176–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.004Full Text
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Keng, S.-L., Robins, C. J., Smoski, M. J., Dagenbach, J., & Leary, M. R. (2013). Reappraisal and mindfulness: a comparison of subjective effects and cognitive costs. Behav Res Ther, 51(12), 899–904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.10.006Full Text Link to Item
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Toner, K., Leary, M. R., Asher, M. W., & Jongman-Sereno, K. P. (2013). Feeling superior is a bipartisan issue: extremity (not direction) of political views predicts perceived belief superiority. Psychological Science, 24(12), 2454–2462. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613494848Full Text Open Access Copy
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Terry, M. L., Leary, M. R., Mehta, S., & Henderson, K. (2013). Self-compassionate reactions to health threats. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(7), 911–926. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213488213Full Text
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Terry, M. L., Leary, M. R., & Mehta, S. (2013). Self-compassion as a Buffer against Homesickness, Depression, and Dissatisfaction in the Transition to College. Self and Identity, 12(3), 278–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2012.667913Full Text
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Herbst, K. C., Leary, M. R., & McColskey-Leary, C. P. (2013). Social-evaluative influences moderate the relationship between price and perceived quality. Social Influence, 8(1), 54–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2012.702665Full Text
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Kemppainen, J. K., Brion, J. M., Leary, M., Wantland, D., Sullivan, K., Nokes, K., … Kirksey, K. M. (2013). Use of a brief version of the self-compassion inventory with an international sample of people with HIV/AIDS. Aids Care, 25(12), 1513–1519. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.780119Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2013). What are the most pressing issues facing researchers? Self Esteem Issues and Answers: A Sourcebook of Current Perspectives, 421–429. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203759745Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Kelly, K. M., Cottrell, C. A., & Schreindorfer, L. S. (2013). Construct validity of the need to belong scale: mapping the nomological network. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(6), 610–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.819511Full Text
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Gebauer, J. E., Leary, M. R., & Neberich, W. (2012). Big two personality and big three mate preferences: similarity attracts, but country-level mate preferences crucially matter. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(12), 1579–1593. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212456300Full Text
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Allen, A. B., Goldwasser, E. R., & Leary, M. R. (2012). Self-Compassion and Well-being among Older Adults. Self and Identity : The Journal of the International Society for Self and Identity, 11(4), 428–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.595082Full Text
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Gebauer, J. E., Leary, M. R., & Neberich, W. (2012). Unfortunate First Names: Effects of Name-Based Relational Devaluation and Interpersonal Neglect. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(5), 590–596. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611431644Full Text
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Toner, K. M., Gan, M., & Leary, M. R. (2012). The impact of individual and group feedback on environmental intentions and self-beliefs. Environment and Behavior.
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Wren, A. A., Somers, T. J., Wright, M. A., Goetz, M. C., Leary, M. R., Fras, A. M., … Keefe, F. J. (2012). Self-compassion in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: relationship of self-compassion to adjustment to persistent pain. J Pain Symptom Manage, 43(4), 759–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.04.014Full Text Link to Item
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Leary, M. R. (2012). Toward a Conceptualization of Interpersonal Rejection. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195130157.003.0001Full Text
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Rubin, D. C., Hoyle, R. H., & Leary, M. R. (2012). Differential predictability of four dimensions of affect intensity. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.561564Full Text Open Access Copy
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Toner, ., Gan, ., & Leary, . (2012). The impact of individual and group feedback on environmental attitudes and intentions. Environment & Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512451902Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Allen, A. B. (2011). Personality and persona: personality processes in self-presentation. Journal of Personality, 79(6), 1191–1218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00704.xFull Text
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Eisenberger, N. I., Inagaki, T. K., Muscatell, K. A., Byrne Haltom, K. E., & Leary, M. R. (2011). The neural sociometer: brain mechanisms underlying state self-esteem. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(11), 3448–3455. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00027Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Allen, A. B. (2011). Self-presentational persona: simultaneous management of multiple impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(5), 1033–1049. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023884Full Text
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Leary, M. (2011). Why are (some) scientists so opposed to parapsychology? Explore (New York, N.Y.), 7(5), 275–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2011.06.006Full Text
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Terry, M. L., & Leary, M. R. (2011). Self-compassion, self-regulation, and health. Self and Identity, 10(3), 352–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.558404Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Allen, A. B., & Terry, M. L. (2011). Managing social images in naturalistic versus laboratory settings: Implications for understanding and studying self-presentation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41(4), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.813Full Text
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Wren, A. A., Somers, T. J., Wright, M. A., Goetz, M. C., Leary, M. R., Fras, A. M., … Keefe, F. J. (2011). SELF-COMPASSION IN PATIENTS WHO ARE OBESE AND HAVE PERSISTENT MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN: RELATIONSHIP OF SELF-COMPASSION TO PAIN- AND WEIGHT-RELATED FACTORS. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 41, S217–S217.Link to Item
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Leary, M. R., Toner, K., & Gan, M. (2011). Self, identity, and reactions to distal threats: The case of environmental behavior. Psychological Studies, 56, 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-011-0060-7Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2010). Social Anxiety as an Early Warning System: A Refinement and Extension of the Self-Presentation Theory of Social Anxiety, 471–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375096-9.00018-3Full Text
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Allen, A. B., & Leary, M. R. (2010). Reactions to others' selfish actions in the absence of tangible consequences. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 32(1), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973530903539861Full Text
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Allen, A. B., & Leary, M. R. (2010). Self-Compassion, Stress, and Coping. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(2), 107–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00246.xFull Text
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Leary, M. R., Adams, C. E., & Tate, E. B. (2010). Hypo-egoic Self-Regulation, 474–497. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444318111.ch21Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Estrada, M. J., & Allen, A. B. (2009). The analogue-I and the analogue-Me: The avatars of the self. Self and Identity, 8(2–3), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860802501532Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Terry, M. L., Batts Allen, A., & Tate, E. B. (2009). The concept of ego threat in social and personality psychology: is ego threat a viable scientific construct? Personality and Social Psychology Review : An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc, 13(3), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309342595Full Text
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Smart Richman, L., & Leary, M. R. (2009). Reactions to discrimination, stigmatization, ostracism, and other forms of interpersonal rejection: a multimotive model. Psychological Review, 116(2), 365–383. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015250Full Text Open Access Copy
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Leary, M. R. (2009). Losing perspective: Emotion, ego, and overreactions to undesired events. Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law.
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Adams, C. E., & Leary, M. R. (2007). Promoting self-compassionate attitudes toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(10), 1120–1144. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2007.26.10.1120Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5), 887–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.887Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2007). Motivational and emotional aspects of the self. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 317–344. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085658Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2007). Sociometer theory and the pursuit of relational value: Getting to the root of self-esteem. European Review of Social Psychology, 16, 75–111.
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Leary, M. R., & Tate, E. B. (2007). The multi-faceted nature of mindfulness. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 251–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400701598355Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Adams, C. E., & Tate, E. B. (2006). Hypo-egoic self-regulation: exercising self-control by diminishing the influence of the self. Journal of Personality, 74(6), 1803–1831. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00429.xFull Text
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Ginis, K. A. M., & Leary, M. R. (2006). Single, physically active, female: The effects of information about exercise participation and body weight on perceptions of young women. Social Behavior and Personality, 34(8), 979–990. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.8.979Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2006). The bridge between social and clinical psychology: Wide but sparsely traveled, 307–311. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410616982Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Twenge, J. M., & Quinlivan, E. (2006). Interpersonal rejection as a determinant of anger and aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Review : An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc, 10(2), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_2Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2005). Nuggets of social psychological wisdom. Psychological Inquiry, 16(4), 176–179. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1604_07Full Text
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Quinlivan, E., & Leary, M. R. (2005). Women's perceptions of their bodies: Discrepancies between self-appraisals and reflected appraisals. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(8), 1139–1163. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2005.24.8.1139Full Text
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MacDonald, G., & Leary, M. R. (2005). Roles of social pain and defense mechanisms in response to social exclusion: Reply to Panksepp (2005) and Corr (2005). Psychological Bulletin, 131(2), 237–240. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.237Full Text
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Macdonald, G., & Leary, M. R. (2005). Why does social exclusion hurt? The relationship between social and physical pain. Psychological Bulletin, 131(2), 202–223. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.202Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2004). Digging deeper: The fundamental nature of "self-conscious" emotions. Psychological Inquiry, 15(2), 129–131.
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Leary, M. R. (2004). The function of self-esteem in terror management theory and sociometer theory: comment on Pyszczynski et al. (2004). Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 478–482. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.478Full Text
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Martin Ginis, K. A., & Leary, M. R. (2004). Self-Presentational Processes in Health-Damaging Behavior. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200490260053Full Text
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Buckley, K. E., Winkel, R. E., & Leary, M. R. (2004). Reactions to acceptance and rejection: Effects of level and sequence of relational evaluation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00064-7Full Text
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Sandra, A. H., Rowatt, T., Brooks, L., Magid, V., Stage, R., Wydro, P., … Setay, C. (2004). Measuring School Spirit: A National Teaching Exercise:The School Spirit Study Group. Teaching of Psychology, 31(1), 18–21. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top3101_5Full Text
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Carpenter, S., Rowatt, T., Brooks, L., Magid, V., Stage, R., Wydro, P., … Seta, C. (2004). Measuring School Spirit: A National Teaching Exercise. Teaching of Psychology, 31(1), 18–21.
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Leary, M. R., Herbst, K. C., & McCrary, F. (2003). Finding pleasure in solitary activities: Desire for aloneness or disinterest in social contact? Personality and Individual Differences, 35(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00141-1Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Gallagher, B., Fors, E., Buttermore, N., Baldwin, E., Kennedy, K., & Mills, A. (2003). The invalidity of disclaimers about the effects of social feedback on self-esteem. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(5), 623–636. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167203029005007Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Kowalski, R. M., Smith, L., & Phillips, S. (2003). Teasing, Rejection, and Violence: Case Studies of the School Shootings. Aggressive Behavior, 29(3), 202–214. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.10061Full Text
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Brown, J. L., Sheffield, D., Leary, M. R., & Robinson, M. E. (2003). Social support and experimental pain. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(2), 276–283. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000030388.62434.46Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2003). Interpersonal aspects of optimal self-esteem and the authentic self. Psychological Inquiry, 14(1), 52–54.
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Leary, M. R. (2003). Commentary on Self-Esteem as an Interpersonal Monitor: The Sociometer Hypothesis (1995). Psychological Inquiry, 14(3–4), 270–274. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1403&4_15Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Buttermore, N. R. (2003). The Evolution of the Human Self: Tracing the Natural History of Self-Awareness. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 33(4), 365–404. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-5914.2003.00223.xFull Text
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MacDonald, G., Saltzman, J. L., & Leary, M. R. (2003). Social approval and trait self-esteem. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(2), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00531-7Full Text
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Culos-Reed, S. N., Brawley, L. R., Martin, K. A., & Leary, M. R. (2002). Self-presentation concerns and health behaviors among cosmetic surgery patients. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(3), 560–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00230.xFull Text
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Leary, M. R. (2002). The self as a source of relational difficulties. Self and Identity, 1, 137–142.
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Nezlek, J. B., & Leary, M. R. (2002). Individual differences in self-presentational motives in daily social interaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(2), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202282007Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Cottrell, C. A., & Phillips, M. (2001). Deconfounding the effects of dominance and social acceptance on self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5), 898–909. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.81.5.898Full Text
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Rapp, S. R., Cottrell, C. A., & Leary, M. R. (2001). Social coping strategies associated with quality of life decrements among psoriasis patients. The British Journal of Dermatology, 145(4), 610–616. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04444.xFull Text
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Bourgeois, K. S., & Leary, M. R. (2001). Coping with rejection: Derogating those who choose us last. Motivation and Emotion, 25(2), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010661825137Full Text
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Martin, K. A., Leary, M. R., & O’Brien, J. (2001). Role of self-presentation in the health practices of a sample of Irish adolescents. The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 28(4), 259–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00209-3Full Text
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Kurzban, R., & Leary, M. R. (2001). Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: the functions of social exclusion. Psychological Bulletin, 127(2), 187–208. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.187Full Text
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Snapp, C. M., & Leary, M. R. (2001). Hurt feelings among new acquaintances: Moderating effects of interpersonal familiarity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18(3), 315–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407501183001Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2001). Living in the minds of others without knowing it. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 2830.
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Martin, K. A., & Leary, M. R. (2001). Self-presentational determinants of health risk behavior among college freshmen. Psychology and Health, 15, 1–11.
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Leary, M. R., Patton, K. M., Orlando, A. E., & Funk, W. W. (2000). The impostor phenomenon: self-perceptions, reflected appraisals, and interpersonal strategies. Journal of Personality, 68(4), 725–756. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00114Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 1–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2601(00)80003-9Full Text
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Martin, K. A., Leary, M. R., & Rejeski, W. J. (2000). Self-presentational concerns in older adults: Implications for health and well-being. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 22(3), 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324834BASP2203_5Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (1999). Making sense of self-esteem. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(1), 32–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00008Full Text
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Martin, K. A., & Leary, M. R. (1999). Would you drink after a stranger? The influence of self-presentational motives on willingness to take a health risk. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(9), 1092–1100. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672992512003Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Cottrell, C. A. (1999). Evolution of the self, the need to belong, and life in a delayed-return environment. Psychological Inquiry, 10, 229–232.
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Leary, M. R., Rapp, S. R., Herbst, K. C., Exum, M. L., & Feldman, S. R. (1998). Interpersonal concerns and psychological difficulties of psoriasis patients: effects of disease severity and fear of negative evaluation. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 17(6), 530–536. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.17.6.530Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Haupt, A. L., Strausser, K. S., & Chokel, J. T. (1998). Calibrating the sociometer: the relationship between interpersonal appraisals and state self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1290–1299. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.74.5.1290Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Springer, C., Negel, L., Ansell, E., & Evans, K. (1998). The causes, phenomenology, and consequences of hurt feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1225–1237. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1225Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Saltzman, J. L., & Georgeson, J. C. (1997). Appearance motivation, obsessive-compulsive tendencies and excessive suntanning in a community sample. Journal of Health Psychology, 2(4), 493–499. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910539700200406Full Text
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Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1997). Writing narrative literature reviews. Review of General Psychology, 1(3), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.1.3.311Full Text
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Forsyth, D. R., & Leary, M. R. (1997). Achieving the Goals of the Scientist-Practitioner Model: The Seven Interfaces of Social and Counseling Psychology. The Counseling Psychologist, 25(2), 180–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000097252002Full Text
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Haupt, A. L., & Leary, M. R. (1997). The appeal of worthless groups: Moderating effects of trait self-esteem. Group Dynamics, 1(2), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2699.1.2.124Full Text
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Martin, K. A., Rejeski, W. J., Leary, M. R., McAuley, E., & Bane, S. (1997). Is the social physique anxiety scale really multidimensional? Conceptual and statistical arguments for a unidimensional model. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19(4), 359–367. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.19.4.359Full Text
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Moore, M. A., Britt, T. W., & Leary, M. R. (1997). Integrating Social and Counseling Psychological Perspectives on the Self. The Counseling Psychologist, 25(2), 220–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000097252004Full Text
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Nezlek, J. B., Kowalski, R. M., Leary, M. R., Blevins, T., & Holgate, S. (1997). Personality moderators of reactions to interpersonal rejection: Depression and trait self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(12), 1235–1244. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672972312001Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Schreindorfer, L. S. (1997). Unresolved issues with terror management theory. Psychological Inquiry, 8, 26–29.
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Leary, M. R. (1996). Social anxiety and couples: Self-presentational concerns in close relationships. The Family Digest: Bulletin of the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors, 9, 1–4.
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Leary, M. R., Landel, J. L., & Patton, K. M. (1996). The Motivated Expression of Embarrassment Following a Self-Presentational Predicament. Journal of Personality, 64(3), 619–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00524.xFull Text
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Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Schreindorfer, L. S., & Haupt, A. L. (1995). The role of self-esteem in emotional and behavioral problems: Why is low self-esteem dysfunctional? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 14, 297–314.
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Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995). Self-Esteem as an Interpersonal Monitor: The Sociometer Hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(3), 518–530. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.3.518Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Tchividjian, L. R., & Kraxberger, B. E. (1994). Self-presentation can be hazardous to your health: impression management and health risk. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 13(6), 461–470. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.13.6.461Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Nezlek, J. B., Downs, D., Radford-Davenport, J., Martin, J., & McMullen, A. (1994). Self-presentation in everyday interactions: effects of target familiarity and gender composition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 664–673. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.67.4.664Full Text
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Jones, J. L., & Leary, M. R. (1994). Effects of appearance-based admonitions against sun exposure on tanning intentions in young adults. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 13(1), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.13.1.86Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (1994). How should we teach undergraduates about personality? Dialogue (Bulletin of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology).
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Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1993). The Interaction Anxiousness Scale: construct and criterion-related validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61(1), 136–146. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6101_10Full Text
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Cutlip, W. D., & Leary, M. R. (1993). Anatomic and physiological bases of social blushing: Speculations from neurology and psychology. Behavioural Neurology, 6(4), 181–185. https://doi.org/10.3233/BEN-1993-6402Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Jones, J. L. (1993). The social psychology of tanning and sunscreen use: Self-presentational variables as a predictor of health risk. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 1390–1406.
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Leary, M. R., Britt, T. W., Cutlip, W. D., & Templeton, J. L. (1992). Social blushing. Psychological Bulletin, 112(3), 446–460. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.3.446Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (1992). Self-presentational processes in exercise and sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14, 339–351.
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Rezek, P. J., & Leary, M. R. (1991). Perceived control, drive for thinness, and food consumption: anorexic tendencies as displaced reactance. Journal of Personality, 59(1), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1991.tb00771.xFull Text
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Franke, R., & Leary, M. R. (1991). Disclosure of sexual orientation by lesbians and gay men: A comparison on private and public processes. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 10, 262–269.
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Leary, M. R., & Meadows, S. (1991). Predictors, Elicitors, and Concomitants of Social Blushing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(2), 254–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.254Full Text
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Tardy, C. H., Allen, M. T., Thompson, W. R., & Leary, M. R. (1991). Social anxiety and cardiovascular responses to interpersonal communication. Southern Communication Journal, 57(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417949109372848Full Text
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Kowalski, R. M., & Leary, M. R. (1990). Strategic self-presentation and the avoidance of aversive events: Antecedents and consequences of self-enhancement and self-depreciation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26(4), 322–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(90)90042-KFull Text
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Lamphere, R. A., & Leary, M. R. (1990). Private and public self-processes: A return to James' constituents of the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 717–725.
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Leary, M. R. (1990). Responses to social exclusion: Social anxiety, jealousy, loneliness, depression, and low self-esteem. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9, 221–229.
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Leary, M. R. (1990). Wanted: Half-baked ideas. Contemporary Social Psychology, 14, 48–49.
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Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression Management: A Literature Review and Two-Component Model. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.1.34Full Text
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Rezek, P. J., & Leary, M. R. (1990). Evaluation apprehension, hypochondriasis, and the strategic use of symptoms. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 11, 233–242.
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Hart, E. A., Leary, M. R., & Rejeski, W. J. (1989). The measurement of social physique anxiety. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11, 94–104.
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Leary, M. R., & Snell, W. E. (1988). The relationship of instrumentality and expressiveness to sexual behavior in males and females. Sex Roles, 18(9–10), 509–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00287957Full Text
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Barnes, B. D., Mason, E., Leary, M. R., Laurent, J., Griebel, C., & Bergman, A. (1988). Reactions to social vs self-evaluation: Moderating effects of personal and social identity orientations. Journal of Research in Personality, 22(4), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(88)90007-4Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (1988). A comprehensive approach to the treatment of social anxieties: The self-presentation model. Phobia Practice Research Journal, 1, 48–57.
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Leary, M. R., Kowalski, R. M., & Bergen, D. J. (1988). Interpersonal information acquisition and confidence in first encounters. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 68–77.
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Leary, M. R., Kowalski, R. M., & Campbell, C. D. (1988). Self-presentational concerns and social anxiety: The role of generalized impression expectancies. Journal of Research in Personality, 22(3), 308–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(88)90032-3Full Text
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Maddux, J. E., Norton, L. W., & Leary, M. R. (1988). Cognitive components of social anxiety: An investigation of the integration of self-presentation theory and self-efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 180–190.
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Leary, M. R., & Maddux, J. E. (1987). Progress toward a viable interface between social and clinical-counseling psychology. The American Psychologist, 42(10), 904–911. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.42.10.904Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (1987). The three faces of social-clinical-counseling psychology. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5, 168–175.
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Leary, M. R., Barnes, B. D., Griebel, C., Mason, E., & McCormack, D. (1987). The impact of conjoint threats to social- and self-esteem on evaluation apprehension. Social Psychology Quarterly, 50, 304–311.
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Leary, M. R., Knight, P. D., & Johnson, K. A. (1987). Social anxiety and dyadic conversation: A verbal response analysis. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 5, 34–50.
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Leary, M. R., Kowalski, R. M., Maddux, J. E., & Stoltenberg, C. (1987). Required reading at the interface of social, clinical, and counseling psychology. Contemporary Social Psychology, 12, 68–70.
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Leary, M. R., & Shepperd, J. A. (1986). Behavioral Self-Handicaps Versus Self-Reported Handicaps. A Conceptual Note. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1265–1268. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1265Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Rogers, P. A., Canfield, R. W., & Coe, C. (1986). Boredom in Interpersonal Encounters. Antecedents and Social Implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(5), 968–975. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.5.968Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Robertson, R. B., Barnes, B. D., & Miller, R. S. (1986). Self-Presentations of Small Group Leaders. Effects of Role Requirements and Leadership Orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(4), 742–748. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.4.742Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (1986). The impact of interactional impediments on social anxiety and self-presentation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22(2), 122–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(86)90032-6Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Atherton, S. (1986). Self-efficacy, anxiety, and inhibition in interpersonal encounters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 256–267.
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Leary, M. R., Atherton, S. C., Hill, S., & Hur, C. (1986). Attributional mediators of social inhibition and avoidance. Journal of Personality, 54(4), 704–716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00421.xFull Text
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Leary, M. R., Atherton, S. C., Hill, S., & Hur, C. (1986). Attributional mediators of social inhibition and avoidance. Journal of Personality, 54, 188–200.
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Leary, M. R., Barnes, B. D., & Griebel, C. (1986). Cognitive, affective, and attributional effects of potential threats to self-esteem. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 461–474.
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Leary, M. R., Knight, P. D., & Barnes, B. D. (1986). Ethical ideologies of the Machiavellian. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 75–80.
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Leary, M. R., Wheeler, D. S., & Jenkins, T. B. (1986). Aspects of identity and behavioral preference: Studies of occupational and recreational choice. Social Psychology Quarterly, 49, 11–18.
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Leary, M. R., Shepperd, J. A., McNeil, M., Jenkins, T. B., & Barnes, B. D. (1986). Objectivism in information utilization: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality Assessment, 50, 32–43.
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Altmaier, E. M., Leary, M. R., Halpern, S., & Sellers, J. E. (1985). Effects of stress inoculation and participant modeling on confidence and anxiety: Testing predictions of self-efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 3, 500–505.
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Forsyth, D. R., Schlenker, B. R., McCown, N. E., & Leary, M. R. (1985). Self-presentational determinants of sex differences in leadership behavior. Small Group Research, 16(2), 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/104649648501600205Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (1985). Teaching a course at the interface of social and clinical-counseling psychology. Contemporary Social Psychology, 11, 120–123.
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McColskey, W., & Leary, M. R. (1985). Differential effects of norm-referenced and self-referenced feedback on performance expectancies, attributions, and motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 10(3), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-476X(85)90024-4Full Text
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Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1985). Social anxiety and communication about the self. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 4, 171–192.
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Leary, M. R., Jenkins, T. B., & Shepperd, J. A. (1984). The growth of interest in clinically-relevant research in social psychology. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2, 333–338.
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Stokes, J. M., & Leary, M. R. (1984). Evaluations of others' decisions by intellectually gifted and average children: Effects of decision consequences and decentering prompts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10, 564–573.
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Leary, M. R., & Dobbins, S. E. (1983). Social anxiety, sexual behavior, and contraceptive use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(6), 1347–1354. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.45.6.1347Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (1983). Social anxiousness: the construct and its measurement. Journal of Personality Assessment, 47(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4701_8Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371–376.
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Leary, M. R. (1983). The conceptual distinctions are important: Another look at communication apprehension and related constructs. Human Communication Research, 10, 305–312.
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Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: a conceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin, 92(3), 641–669. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.641Full Text
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Altmaier, E. M., Ross, S. L., Leary, M. R., & Thornbrough, M. (1982). Matching stress inoculation's treatment components to client's anxiety mode. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29(3), 331–334. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.29.3.331Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (1982). Distorted hindsight and the 1980 Presidential election. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 257–263.
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Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Audiences' reactions to self-enhancing, self-denigrating, and accurate self-presentations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(82)90083-XFull Text
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Leary, M. R. (1981). The distorted nature of hindsight. Journal of Social Psychology, 115, 25–29.
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Schlenker, B. R., Forsyth, D. R., Leary, M. R., & Miller, R. S. (1980). Self-presentational analysis of the effects of incentives on attitude change following counterattitudinal behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(4), 553–577. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.39.4.553Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Self-presentation in a task-oriented leadership situation. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 11, 152–159.
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Leary, M. R., & Altmaier, E. M. (1980). Type I error in counseling research: A plea for multivariate analyses. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27(6), 611–615. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.27.6.611Full Text
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Altmaier, E. M., Leary, M. R., Forsyth, D. R., & Ansel, J. C. (1979). Attribution therapy: Effects of locus of control and timing of treatment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 26(6), 481–486. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.26.6.481Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (1979). Levels of discomfirmability and social psychological theory: A response to Greenwald. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5, 149–153.
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Schlenker, B. R., Miller, R. S., Leary, M. R., & McCown, N. E. (1979). Group performance and interpersonal evaluation as determinants of egotistical attributions in groups. Journal of Personality, 47, 575–594.
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Book Sections
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Leary, M. R., & Gabriel, S. (2022). The relentless pursuit of acceptance and belonging. In Advances in Motivation Science (Vol. 9, pp. 135–178). https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adms.2021.12.001Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Acosta, J. (2018). Acceptance, Rejection, and the Quest for Relational Value. In The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships, Second Edition (pp. 378–390). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316417867.030Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2017). Self-awareness, hypo-egoicism, and psychological well-being. In Subjective Well-Being and Life Satisfaction (pp. 392–408). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351231879Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Bolino, M. C. (2017). An actor-perceiver model of impression management in organizations. In The Self at Work: Fundamental Theory and Research (pp. 253–272). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315626543Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Jongman-Sereno, K. P. (2017). Self-presentation: Signaling personal and social characteristics. In Social Signal Processing (pp. 69–77). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316676202.007Full Text
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Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2017). The Need to Belong: Desire for Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation. In Interpersonal Development (pp. 57–89). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351153683-3Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2016). Motivational and emotional aspects of interpersonal rejection: Twenty-five years of theory and research. In Ostracism, Exclusion, and Rejection (pp. 46–60). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315308470Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Jongman-Sereno, K. P., & Diebels, K. J. (2015). Measures of Concerns with Public Image and Social Evaluation. In Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs (pp. 448–473). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386915-9.00016-4Full Text
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Leary, M. R., Jongman-Sereno, K. P., & Diebels, K. J. (2014). The pursuit of status: A self-presentational perspective on the quest for social value. In The Psychology of Social Status (pp. 159–178). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0867-7_8Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Jongman-Sereno, K. P. (2014). Social Anxiety as an Early Warning System: A Refinement and Extension of the Self-Presentation Theory of Social Anxiety. In Social Anxiety: Clinical, Developmental, and Social Perspectives (pp. 579–597). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394427-6.00020-0Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2013). Functions of the self in interpersonal relationships: What does the self actually do? In The Self and Social Relationships (pp. 95–115). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203783061Full Text
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Costanzo, P. R., Hoyle, R. H., & Leary, M. R. (2012). Personality, Social Psychology, and Psychopathology: Reflections on a Lewinian Vision. In The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398991.013.0023Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2012). Sociometer theory. In Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology (pp. 141–159). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249222.n33Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Guadagno, J. (2011). The Role of Hypo-egoic Self-Processes in Optimal Functioning and Subjective Well-Being. In Designing Positive Psychology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373585.003.0009Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Allen, A. B. (2011). Belonging motivation: Establishing, maintaining, and repairing relational value. In Social Motivation (pp. 37–55).
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Leary, M. R., & Leder, S. (2009). The nature of hurt feelings: Emotional experience and cognitive appraisals. In Feeling Hurt in Close Relationships (pp. 15–33). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511770548.003Full Text
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Leary, M. R., & Toner, K. (2009). Psychological theories of blushing. In The Psychological Significance of the Blush (pp. 63–76). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139012850.007Full Text
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Leary, M. R. (2007). The Self We Know and the Self We Show: Self-esteem, Self-presentation, and the Maintenance of Interpersonal Relationships. In Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Interpersonal Processes (pp. 457–477). https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470998557.ch18Full Text
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Reports
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Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1987). Manual for the Interaction Anxiousness Scale.
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- Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
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Presentations & Appearances
- Why Self-compassion is More Important than Self-esteem. December 1, 2013 2013
- Is Selfishness the Root of all Evil?. November 9, 2013 2013
- Three Things I’ve Learned about People Since Becoming a _x000B_Social Psychologist:_x000B__x000B_ Sociality, Self, and Stupidity. November 9, 2013 2013
- Disproportionate Reactions to Inconsequential Events. October 15, 2013 2013
- Disproportionate Reactions to Inconsequential Events. September 25, 2013 2013
- Distinguishing Intrapersonal _x000B_from Interpersonal Motives. June 20, 2013 2013
- Machiavellianism, Self-presentational Authenticity, and Relationship Quality. June 1, 2013 2013
- Motivational and Emotional Features of the Human Need for Acceptance and Belonging. May 25, 2013 2013
- Deconfounding _x000B_Self-motives and _x000B_Social Motives. May 24, 2013 2013
- Overreactions to Trivial Events_x000B__x000B_: Why Do People Sometimes “Lose It” Over Minor Things?. May 1, 2013 2013
- People Who Hold Extreme Attitudes Feel Superior in their Beliefs Even for Trivial Issues. May 1, 2013 2013
- Disproportionate Reactions to Trivial Events. April 5, 2013 2013
- The Psychology of Hypo-egoic States:_x000B_Reducing the Curse of the Self. March 14, 2013 2013
- A Component Analysis of _x000B_Hypo-egoic Mindsets. January 19, 2013 2013
- Individual and Social Resources for Professional (and Personal) Success. January 18, 2013 2013
- What is the Self? _x000B_. January 17, 2013 2013
- Effects of Excuses, Justifications, and Exceptions on Behavior Change_x000B__x000B_. January 1, 2013 2013
- Ego-Involved Reactions in Response to Violations of Social Exchange Rules. January 1, 2013 2013
- Implications of Self-presentational Motives for the _x000B_Quality of Relationships with Parents and Friends. January 1, 2013 2013
- Arrogance is Bipartisan:_x000B_Extremity (Not Direction) of Political Views Predicts Perceived Belief Superiority_x000B__x000B_. October 13, 2012 2012
- Emotional Reactions to Rejection: The Nature of Hurt Feelings. October 13, 2012 2012
- Personality Moderators of Honest and Duplicitous Self-Presentational Motives. October 13, 2012 2012
- Violations of Social Exchange Rules Cause Disproportionate Emotional Reactions. October 13, 2012 2012
- Why Doesn’t Everyone See the Importance and Impact of Social and Personality Psychology?. October 13, 2012 2012
- Self-compassion and Reactions to Negative Life Events. October 1, 2012 2012
- The Motivational Underpinnings of Social Psychological Phenomena: _x000B__x000B_Social Psychology’s Puzzling Obsession _x000B_with Intrapsychic Motives. March 16, 2012 2012
- Waiting for Revenge, Power, Excitement, and Admiration: The Influence of Narcissism, Gender, and Relevance on Delay Discounting. January 28, 2012 2012
- Explaining Away Environmental Transgressions: _x000B_The Effect of Excuses, Justifications, and Exceptions on Self-Ratings of Environmental Impact. January 27, 2012 2012
- Self-compassion and Well-being in the Elderly. January 27, 2012 2012
- The Social and Emotional Impact of Interpersonal Rejection: _x000B_20 Years of Research. January 26, 2012 2012
- A Model of Hypo-egoic Processes. December 7, 2011 2011
- Deception and Risk in Experimental Behavioral Research. December 7, 2011 2011
- Emotional and Motivational Features of Interpersonal Rejection. December 7, 2011 2011
- Predictors of Self-presentational Dishonesty. December 7, 2011 2011
- Self-Presentational Strategies in Close Relationships. December 7, 2011 2011
- Self-image, Self-presentation, and Social Behavior. December 7, 2011 2011
- Testing the Romantic Construal Model: The Impact of Personalization, Specialness, and Value in Evaluating Romantic Actions. Society for Personality and Social Psychology. December 7, 2011 2011
- The Role of Self-Compassion in the Self-Regulation of Health-Related Behavior. Society for Personality and Social Psychology. December 7, 2011 2011
- The Social and Emotional Impact of Interpersonal Rejection. December 7, 2011 2011
- The Social and Emotional Impact of Interpersonal Rejection: _x000B_20 Years of Research. December 7, 2011 2011
- Hypo-egoic Mindsets: Antecedents and Implications of Quieting the Self. June 21, 2011 2011
- Self-compassion reactions inventory. November 29, 2010 2010
- Social and Emotional Responses to Interpersonal Rejection. March 19, 2010 2010
- Are the Mainsprings of Social Action Intrapsychic or Interpersonal?. March 18, 2010 2010
- Do self-compassionate people age more gracefully?. January 29, 2010 2010
- Self-compassion as a buffer against homesickness, depression, and low self-esteem in the transition to college. January 29, 2010 2010
- Needs, motives, and their psychological underpinnings. January 28, 2010 2010
- Reactions to discrimination, stigmatization, ostracism, and other forms of interpersonal rejection. October 23, 2009 2009
- Motives, Emotions, and the Mainsprings of Social Action. October 21, 2009 2009
- Self-compassion and reactions to negative events. July 29, 2009 2009
- Self-compassion, emotions, and health. April 17, 2009 2009
- Social Psychology's Search for the Mainsprings of Social Action. April 17, 2009 2009
- Agreeableness and self-presentational variability. February 1, 2009 2009
- Motivations underlying the choice of Valentine's Day cards: The moderating role of narcissism. Society for Personality and Social Psycholoogy. January 11, 2009 2009
- Normative and distinctive features of self-presentational persona. Society for Personality and Social Psycholoogy. January 11, 2009 2009
- Deception in experimental behavioral research. November 19, 2008 2008
- Self-compassion and reactions to negative life events. November 14, 2008 2008
- Self-compassion, emotions, and reactions to negative events. October 25, 2008 2008
- Losing perspective: Emotion, ego, and overreactions to desired events. September 18, 2008 2008
- A model of overreactions to trivial events. July 19, 2008 2008
- Social-personality perspectives on the self. July 1, 2008 2008
- Self-compassion. March 31, 2008 2008
- Making mountains out of molehills. February 7, 2008 2008
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Service to the Profession
Some information on this profile has been compiled automatically from Duke databases and external sources. (Our About page explains how this works.) If you see a problem with the information, please write to Scholars@Duke and let us know. We will reply promptly.
