Mark R. Leary | Scholars@Duke

Mark R. Leary
Garonzik Family Professor

Mark Leary is Garonzik Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University. He earned his bachelor’s degree in Psychology from West Virginia Wesleyan College and his Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the University of Florida. He taught previously at Denison University, the University of Texas at Austin, and Wake Forest University.

Leary has published 14 books and more than 250 scholarly articles and chapters on topics dealing with social motivation, emotion, and self-relevant thought, including The Curse of the Self: Self-awareness, Egotism, and the Quality of Human Life. He has also recorded two courses for the Teaching Company's Great Courses series: Understanding the Mysteries of Human Behavior and Why You Are Who You Are: Investigations to Human Personality.

Leary is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the Society for Personality and Social Psychology. He received the Lifetime Career Award from the International Society for Self and Identity and was co-recipient of the Scientific Impact Award from the Society for Experimental Social Psychology. He was founding editor of Self and Identity, editor of Personality and Social Psychology Review, and served as President of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Garonzik Family Professor, Psychology and Neuroscience, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2009 - 2019
Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychology and Neuroscience, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2006

Contact Information

306 Soc/Psych, Durham, NC 27708
Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708-0085
leary@duke.edu (919) 660-5750
http://www.duke.edu/~leary

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Florida 1980
- M.A., University of Florida 1978
- B.A., West Virginia Wesleyan College 1976
Duke Appointment History
- Director of the Interdisciplinary Behavioral Research Center, Social Science Research Institute, University Institutes and Centers 2009 - 2017
- Director of Graduate Studies in Psychololgy and Neuroscience, Psychology and Neuroscience, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2016
- Associate Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychology and Neuroscience, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2015
Recognition
In the News
- JUN 28, 2016 Aeon
  
  Mark Leary: Treating yourself compassionately helps ameliorate distress
- JUN 24, 2016 Aeon
  
  Don't Beat Yourself Up
- JAN 14, 2016
  
  Mark Leary: The Surprising Perks of Being Easily Embarrassed
- JAN 8, 2016 BBC News
  
  Mark Leary: The surprising perks of being easily embarrassed
- NOV 2, 2015 WRAL
  
  You're online. You're angry. Do this before hitting send
- AUG 30, 2015 Duke Magazine
  
  Two Views of Brain Power
- JUL 30, 2015 The Huffington Post
  
  Mark Leary on social butterflies: Born or bred?
- FEB 11, 2015 U.S. News Health
  
  Mark Leary: The anatomy of a broken heart
- AUG 1, 2014 Duke Magazine
  
  The Science Of Homesickness
- DEC 17, 2013 Politico
  
  Mark Leary, co-author: Superiority complex
- DEC 17, 2013 Politico
  
  Superiority Complex
Awards & Honors
- Fellow. Association for Psychological Science. 2013
- Lifetime Career Award. International Society for Self and Identity. January 2011
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Books
  - Leary, MR. (2016, October 7). The Oxford Handbook of Hypo-Egoic Phenomena. Oxford University Press.
  - Leary, MR. (2016). Introduction to Behavioral Research Methods. Pearson.
  - Leary, MR, & Miller, RS. (2012, December 6). Social Psychology and Dysfunctional Behavior Origins, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Springer Science & Business Media.
  - Leary, MR. (2012). Interpersonal Rejection. . Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2007, September 1). The Curse of the Self: Self-Awareness, Egotism, and the Quality of Human Life. . Full Text
  - (1999). Selfhood Identity, Esteem, Regulation. .
  - Leary, MR, & Kowalski, RM. (1997, July 4). Social Anxiety. Guilford Press.
  - Leary, MR. (1983). Understanding social anxiety social, personality and clinical perspectives. Sage Publications, Inc.
  - Self-Presentation: Impression Management and Interpersonal Behavior. .
- Academic Articles
  - Diebels, KJ, Leary, MR, & Chon, D. (2018, December 1). Individual differences in selfishness as a major dimension of personality: A reinterpretation of the sixth personality factor. Review of General Psychology , 22 (4), 367-376. Full Text
  - Martin, JL, Smart Richman, L, & Leary, MR. (2018, December 1). A lasting sting: Examining the short-term and long-term effects of real-life group rejection. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , 21 (8), 1109-1124. Full Text
  - Parrish, MH, Inagaki, TK, Muscatell, KA, Haltom, KEB, Leary, MR, & Eisenberger, NI. (2018, November 2). Self-compassion and responses to negative social feedback: The role of fronto-amygdala circuit connectivity. Self and Identity , 17 (6), 723-738. Full Text
  - Stutts, LA, Leary, MR, Zeveney, AS, & Hufnagle, AS. (2018, November 2). A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between self-compassion and the psychological effects of perceived stress. Self and Identity , 17 (6), 609-626. Full Text
  - Jongman-Sereno, KP, & Leary, MR. (2018, January 1). The Enigma of Being Yourself: A Critical Examination of the Concept of Authenticity(Accepted). Review of General Psychology ,. Full Text
  - Jongman-Sereno, KP, & Leary, MR. (2018, January 1). Self-judgments of authenticity(Accepted). Self and Identity ,. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Diebels, KJ, Davisson, EK, Jongman-Sereno, KP, Isherwood, JC, Raimi, KT, Deffler, SA, & Hoyle, RH. (2017, June). Cognitive and Interpersonal Features of Intellectual Humility. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin , 43 (6), 793-813. Full Text
  - Robinson, KJ, Mayer, S, Allen, AB, Terry, M, Chilton, A, & Leary, MR. (2016, September 2). Resisting self-compassion: Why are some people opposed to being kind to themselves?. Self and Identity , 15 (5), 505-524. Full Text
  - Gohar, D, Leary, MR, & Costanzo, PR. (2016, September). Self-Presentational Congruence and Psychosocial Adjustment: A Test of Three Models. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 35 (7), 589-608. Full Text
  - Deffler, SA, Leary, MR, & Hoyle, RH. (2016, July 1). Knowing what you know: Intellectual humility and judgments of recognition memory. Personality and Individual Differences , 96 , 255-259. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Hoyle, RH, Davisson, EK, Diebels, KJ, & Leary, MR. (2016, July 1). Holding specific views with humility: Conceptualization and measurement of specific intellectual humility. Personality and Individual Differences , 97 , 165-172. Full Text
  - Jongman-Sereno, KP, & Leary, MR. (2016, May 3). Self-perceived Authenticity is Contaminated by the Valence of One’s Behavior. Self and Identity , 15 (3), 283-301. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2015, December). Emotional responses to interpersonal rejection. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience , 17 (4), 435-441. (Review)
  - Leary, MR, Diebels, KJ, Jongman-Sereno, KP, & Fernandez, XD. (2015, November). Why Seemingly Trivial Events Sometimes Evoke Strong Emotional Reactions: The Role of Social Exchange Rule Violations. The Journal of Social Psychology , 155 (6), 559-575. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Raimi, KT, Jongman-Sereno, KP, & Diebels, KJ. (2015, July). Distinguishing Intrapsychic From Interpersonal Motives in Psychological Theory and Research. Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science , 10 (4), 497-517. (Review) Full Text
  - Crosskey, LB, Curry, JF, & Leary, MR. (2015, April 16). Role Transgressions, Shame, and Guilt Among Clergy. Pastoral Psychology , 64 (6), 783-801. Full Text
  - Allen, AB, & Leary, MR. (2014, April). Self-compassionate responses to aging. The Gerontologist , 54 (2), 190-200. Full Text
  - Brion, JM, Leary, MR, & Drabkin, AS. (2014, February). Self-compassion and reactions to serious illness: the case of HIV. Journal of Health Psychology , 19 (2), 218-229. Full Text
  - Leary, M. (2014, January 1). The Interpersonal Basis of Self-Esteem: Death, Devaluation, or Deference?. 9781315800516 , 143-159. (Chapter) Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Jongman-Sereno, KP. (2014, January 1). When Rejection Kills: The Central Role of Low Relational Value in School Violence. International Journal of Developmental Sciences , 8 (1-2), 25-27. Full Text
  - Raimi, KT, & Leary, MR. (2014, January 1). Belief superiority in the environmental domain: Attitude extremity and reactions to fracking. Journal of Environmental Psychology , 40 , 76-85. Full Text
  - Toner, K, Gan, M, & Leary, MR. (2014, January 1). The Impact of Individual and Group Feedback on Environmental Intentions and Self-Beliefs. Environment and Behavior , 46 (1), 24-45. Full Text
  - Vanhalst, J, & Leary, MR. (2014, January 1). Sociotropic differentiation: Differential anticipatory reactions to rejection by close versus distal others predict well-being. Personality and Individual Differences , 68 , 176-182. Full Text
  - Keng, S-L, Robins, CJ, Smoski, MJ, Dagenbach, J, & Leary, MR. (2013, December). Reappraisal and mindfulness: a comparison of subjective effects and cognitive costs. Behaviour Research and Therapy , 51 (12), 899-904. Full Text
  - Toner, K, Leary, MR, Asher, MW, & Jongman-Sereno, KP. (2013, December). Feeling superior is a bipartisan issue: extremity (not direction) of political views predicts perceived belief superiority. Psychological Science , 24 (12), 2454-2462. Full Text
  - Terry, ML, Leary, MR, Mehta, S, & Henderson, K. (2013, July). Self-compassionate reactions to health threats. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin , 39 (7), 911-926. Full Text
  - Terry, ML, Leary, MR, & Mehta, S. (2013, May 1). Self-compassion as a Buffer against Homesickness, Depression, and Dissatisfaction in the Transition to College. Self and Identity , 12 (3), 278-290. Full Text
  - Herbst, KC, Leary, MR, & McColskey-Leary, CP. (2013, January 1). Social-evaluative influences moderate the relationship between price and perceived quality. Social Influence , 8 (1), 54-69. Full Text
  - Kemppainen, JK, Brion, JM, Leary, M, Wantland, D, Sullivan, K, Nokes, K, Bain, CA, Chaiphibalsarisdi, P, Chen, W-T, Holzemer, WL, Eller, LS, Iipinge, S, Johnson, MO, Portillo, C, Voss, J, Tyer-Viola, L, Corless, IB, Nicholas, PK, Rose, CD, Phillips, JC, Sefcik, E, Mendez, MR, & Kirksey, KM. (2013, January). Use of a brief version of the self-compassion inventory with an international sample of people with HIV/AIDS. Aids Care , 25 (12), 1513-1519. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Kelly, KM, Cottrell, CA, & Schreindorfer, LS. (2013). Construct validity of the need to belong scale: Mapping the nomological network. Journal of Personality Assessment , 95 (6), 610-624. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Kelly, KM, Cottrell, CA, & Schreindorfer, LS. (2013, January). Construct validity of the need to belong scale: mapping the nomological network. Journal of Personality Assessment , 95 (6), 610-624. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2013). To what extent is self-esteem influenced by interpersonal as compared with intra personal processes? What are these processes?. Self Esteem Issues and Answers: a Sourcebook of Current Perspectives ,, 195-200. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2013). What are the most pressing issues facing researchers?. Self Esteem Issues and Answers: a Sourcebook of Current Perspectives ,, 421-429. Full Text
  - Gebauer, JE, Leary, MR, & Neberich, W. (2012, December). Big two personality and big three mate preferences: similarity attracts, but country-level mate preferences crucially matter. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin , 38 (12), 1579-1593. Full Text
  - Allen, AB, Goldwasser, ER, & Leary, MR. (2012, October). Self-Compassion and Well-being among Older Adults. Self and Identity : the Journal of the International Society for Self and Identity , 11 (4), 428-453. Full Text
  - Gebauer, JE, Leary, MR, & Neberich, W. (2012, August 1). Unfortunate First Names: Effects of Name-Based Relational Devaluation and Interpersonal Neglect. Social Psychological and Personality Science , 3 (5), 590-596. Full Text
  - Toner, KM, Gan, M, & Leary, MR. (2012, August). The impact of individual and group feedback on environmental intentions and self-beliefs. Environment and Behavior ,. (Academic Article)
  - Wren, AA, Somers, TJ, Wright, MA, Goetz, MC, Leary, MR, Fras, AM, Huh, BK, Rogers, LL, & Keefe, FJ. (2012, April). Self-compassion in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: relationship of self-compassion to adjustment to persistent pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management , 43 (4), 759-770. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2012, March 22). Toward a Conceptualization of Interpersonal Rejection. . (Chapter) Full Text
  - Rubin, DC, Hoyle, RH, & Leary, MR. (2012, January). Differential predictability of four dimensions of affect intensity. Cognition & Emotion , 26 (1), 25-41. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Leary, MR, & Allen, AB. (2011, December). Personality and persona: personality processes in self-presentation. Journal of Personality , 79 (6), 1191-1218. Full Text
  - Eisenberger, NI, Inagaki, TK, Muscatell, KA, Byrne Haltom, KE, & Leary, MR. (2011, November). The neural sociometer: brain mechanisms underlying state self-esteem. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 23 (11), 3448-3455. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Allen, AB. (2011, November). Self-presentational persona: simultaneous management of multiple impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 101 (5), 1033-1049. Full Text
  - Leary, M. (2011, September). Why are (some) scientists so opposed to parapsychology?. Explore (New York, N.Y.) , 7 (5), 275-277. Full Text
  - Terry, ML, & Leary, MR. (2011, July 1). Self-compassion, self-regulation, and health. Self and Identity , 10 (3), 352-362. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Allen, AB, & Terry, ML. (2011, June 1). Managing social images in naturalistic versus laboratory settings: Implications for understanding and studying self-presentation. European Journal of Social Psychology , 41 (4), 411-421. Full Text
  - Wren, AA, Somers, TJ, Wright, MA, Goetz, MC, Leary, MR, Fras, AM, Huh, BK, Rogers, LL, & Keefe, FJ. (2011, April 1). SELF-COMPASSION IN PATIENTS WHO ARE OBESE AND HAVE PERSISTENT MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN: RELATIONSHIP OF SELF-COMPASSION TO PAIN- AND WEIGHT-RELATED FACTORS. Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 41 , S217-S217. Link to Item
  - Leary, MR, Toner, K, & Gan, M. (2011, March). Self, Identity, and Reactions to Distal Threats: The Case of Environmental Behavior. Psychological Studies , 56 (1), 159-166. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Allen, AB. (2011). Personality and persona: personality processes in self-presentation. Journal of Personality , 79 (6), 1191-1218. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Allen, AB. (2011, January 1). Personality and persona: Personality processes in self-presentation. Journal of Personality , 79 (6), 889-916. Full Text
  - Allen, AB, & Leary, MR. (2010, March 1). Reactions to others' selfish actions in the absence of tangible consequences. Basic and Applied Social Psychology , 32 (1), 26-34. Full Text
  - Allen, AB, & Leary, MR. (2010, February). Self-Compassion, Stress, and Coping. Social and Personality Psychology Compass , 4 (2), 107-118. Full Text
  - (2010, January 15). Hypo-egoic Self-Regulation. , 474-497. (Chapter) Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2010). Social Anxiety as an Early Warning System. , 471-486. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Estrada, MJ, & Allen, AB. (2009, August 12). The analogue-I and the analogue-Me: The avatars of the self. Self and Identity , 8 (2-3), 147-161. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Terry, ML, Batts Allen, A, & Tate, EB. (2009, August). The concept of ego threat in social and personality psychology: is ego threat a viable scientific construct?. Personality and Social Psychology Review : an Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc , 13 (3), 151-164. Full Text
  - Smart Richman, L, & Leary, MR. (2009, April). Reactions to discrimination, stigmatization, ostracism, and other forms of interpersonal rejection: a multimotive model. Psychological Review , 116 (2), 365-383. (Review) Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Leary, MR. (2009). Losing perspective: Emotion, ego, and overreactions to undesired events. Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law ,. (Academic Article)
  - Adams, CE, & Leary, MR. (2007, December 1). Promoting self-compassionate attitudes toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 26 (10), 1120-1144. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Tate, EB, Adams, CE, Allen, AB, & Hancock, J. (2007, May). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 92 (5), 887-904. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Tate, EB. (2007, January 1). The multi-faceted nature of mindfulness. Psychological Inquiry , 18 (4), 251-255. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2007, January). Motivational and emotional aspects of the self. Annual Review of Psychology , 58 , 317-344. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Adams, CE, & Tate, EB. (2006, December). Hypo-egoic self-regulation: exercising self-control by diminishing the influence of the self. Journal of Personality , 74 (6), 1803-1831. (Review) Full Text
  - Ginis, KAM, & Leary, MR. (2006, October 9). Single, physically active, female: The effects of information about exercise participation and body weight on perceptions of young women. Social Behavior and Personality , 34 (8), 979-990. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2006, January 19). The bridge between social and clinical psychology: Wide but sparsely traveled. , 307-311. (Chapter) Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Twenge, JM, & Quinlivan, E. (2006, January). Interpersonal rejection as a determinant of anger and aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Review : an Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc , 10 (2), 111-132. (Review) Full Text
  - Quinlivan, E, & Leary, MR. (2005, December 1). Women's perceptions of their bodies: Discrepancies between self-appraisals and reflected appraisals. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 24 (8), 1139-1163. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2005, October). TARGET ARTICLE: Nuggets of Social Psychological Wisdom. Psychological Inquiry , 16 (4), 176-179. Full Text
  - MacDonald, G, & Leary, MR. (2005, March 1). Roles of social pain and defense mechanisms in response to social exclusion: Reply to Panksepp (2005) and Corr (2005). Psychological Bulletin , 131 (2), 237-240. (Review) Full Text
  - Macdonald, G, & Leary, MR. (2005, March). Why does social exclusion hurt? The relationship between social and physical pain. Psychological Bulletin , 131 (2), 202-223. (Review) Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2005, January 1). Sociometer theory and the pursuit of relational value: Getting to the root of self-esteem. European Review of Social Psychology , 16 (1), 75-111. Full Text
  - Carpenter, S, Rowatt, T, Brooks, L, Magid, V, Stage, R, Wydro, P, Cramer, S, Walker, M, Wolfe, C, Singleton, R, Sigall, H, Eichelberger, A, Jordan, J, Leaf, S, Grahe, J, Brown, RP, Swim, J, Pearson, NB, Wetzel, C, Pezzo, M, Gosling, S, MacLin, K, Reifman, A, Awbrey, B, Wright, C, Jerzak, P, Samuels, SM, Lemmond, G, Leary, M, & Seta, C. (2004, December 1). Measuring School Spirit: A National Teaching Exercise. Teaching of Psychology , 31 (1), 18-21.
  - Leary, MR. (2004, September 6). Digging deeper: The fundamental nature of "self-conscious" emotions. Psychological Inquiry , 15 (2), 129-131. (Review)
  - Leary, MR. (2004, May). The function of self-esteem in terror management theory and sociometer theory: comment on Pyszczynski et al. (2004). Psychological Bulletin , 130 (3), 478-482. (Review) Full Text
  - Martin Ginis, KA, & Leary, MR. (2004, March 1). Self-Presentational Processes in Health-Damaging Behavior. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology , 16 (1), 59-74. (Review) Full Text
  - Buckley, KE, Winkel, RE, & Leary, MR. (2004, January). Reactions to acceptance and rejection: Effects of level and sequence of relational evaluation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 40 (1), 14-28. Full Text
  - Sandra, AH, Rowatt, T, Brooks, L, Magid, V, Stage, R, Wydro, P, Cramer, S, Walker, M, Wolfe, C, Singleton, R, Sigall, H, Eichelberger, A, Jordan, J, Leaf, S, Grahe, J, Brown, RP, Swim, J, Pearson, NB, Wetzel, C, Pezzo, M, Gosling, S, Maclin, K, Reifman, A, Awbrey, B, Wright, C, Jerzak, P, Samuels, SM, Lemmond, G, Leary, M, & Setay, C. (2004, January 1). Measuring School Spirit: A National Teaching Exercise:The School Spirit Study Group. Teaching of Psychology , 31 (1), 18-21. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Buttermore, NR. (2003, December 1). The Evolution of the Human Self: Tracing the Natural History of Self-Awareness. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour , 33 (4), 365-404+447. (Review) Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2003, December 1). Commentary on Self-Esteem as an Interpersonal Monitor: The Sociometer Hypothesis (1995). Psychological Inquiry , 14 (3-4), 270-274. (Review)
  - Leary, MR, Herbst, KC, & McCrary, F. (2003, July 1). Finding pleasure in solitary activities: Desire for aloneness or disinterest in social contact?. Personality and Individual Differences , 35 (1), 59-68. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Gallagher, B, Fors, E, Buttermore, N, Baldwin, E, Kennedy, K, & Mills, A. (2003, May). The invalidity of disclaimers about the effects of social feedback on self-esteem. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin , 29 (5), 623-636. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Kowalski, RM, Smith, L, & Phillips, S. (2003, May 1). Teasing, Rejection, and Violence: Case Studies of the School Shootings. Aggressive Behavior , 29 (3), 202-214. Full Text
  - Brown, JL, Sheffield, D, Leary, MR, & Robinson, ME. (2003, March). Social support and experimental pain. Psychosomatic Medicine , 65 (2), 276-283. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2003, January 1). Interpersonal aspects of optimal self-esteem and the authentic self. Psychological Inquiry , 14 (1), 52-54.
  - MacDonald, G, Saltzman, JL, & Leary, MR. (2003, January 1). Social approval and trait self-esteem. Journal of Research in Personality , 37 (2), 23-40. Full Text
  - Culos-Reed, SN, Brawley, LR, Martin, KA, & Leary, MR. (2002, January 1). Self-presentation concerns and health behaviors among cosmetic surgery patients. Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 32 (3), 560-569. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2002). The self as a source of relational difficulties. Self and Identity , 1 , 137-142. (Academic Article)
  - Nezlek, JB, & Leary, MR. (2002, January 1). Individual differences in self-presentational motives in daily social interaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 28 (2), 211-223. (Review) Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Cottrell, CA, & Phillips, M. (2001, November). Deconfounding the effects of dominance and social acceptance on self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 (5), 898-909. Full Text
  - Rapp, SR, Cottrell, CA, & Leary, MR. (2001, October). Social coping strategies associated with quality of life decrements among psoriasis patients. The British Journal of Dermatology , 145 (4), 610-616. Full Text
  - Bourgeois, KS, & Leary, MR. (2001, June 1). Coping with rejection: Derogating those who choose us last. Motivation and Emotion , 25 (2), 101-111. Full Text
  - Martin, KA, Leary, MR, & O'Brien, J. (2001, April). Role of self-presentation in the health practices of a sample of Irish adolescents. The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine , 28 (4), 259-262. Full Text
  - Kurzban, R, & Leary, MR. (2001, March). Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: the functions of social exclusion. Psychological Bulletin , 127 (2), 187-208. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2001). Living in the minds of others without knowing it. Psychological Inquiry , 12 , 2830-null. (Academic Article)
  - Martin, KA, & Leary, MR. (2001). Self-presentational determinants of health risk behavior among college freshmen. Psychology and Health , 15 , 1-11. (Academic Article)
  - Snapp, CM, & Leary, MR. (2001, January 1). Hurt feelings among new acquaintances: Moderating effects of interpersonal familiarity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 18 (3), 315-326. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Baumeister, RF. (2000, December 1). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , 32 , 1-62.
  - Leary, MR, Patton, KM, Orlando, AE, & Funk, WW. (2000, August). The impostor phenomenon: self-perceptions, reflected appraisals, and interpersonal strategies. Journal of Personality , 68 (4), 725-756. Full Text
  - Martin, KA, Leary, MR, & Rejeski, WJ. (2000, January 1). Self-presentational concerns in older adults: Implications for health and well-being. Basic and Applied Social Psychology , 22 (3), 169-179. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Cottrell, CA. (1999). Evolution of the self, the need to belong, and life in a delayed-return environment. Psychological Inquiry , 10 , 229-232. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR. (1999, January 1). Making sense of self-esteem. Current Directions in Psychological Science , 8 (1), 32-35. Full Text
  - Martin, KA, & Leary, MR. (1999, January 1). Would you drink after a stranger? The influence of self-presentational motives on willingness to take a health risk. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 25 (9), 1092-1100. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Rapp, SR, Herbst, KC, Exum, ML, & Feldman, SR. (1998, November). Interpersonal concerns and psychological difficulties of psoriasis patients: effects of disease severity and fear of negative evaluation. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association , 17 (6), 530-536. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Haupt, AL, Strausser, KS, & Chokel, JT. (1998, May). Calibrating the sociometer: the relationship between interpersonal appraisals and state self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 (5), 1290-1299. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Springer, C, Negel, L, Ansell, E, & Evans, K. (1998, January 1). The causes, phenomenology, and consequences of hurt feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 (5), 1225-1237. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Saltzman, JL, & Georgeson, JC. (1997, November 17). Appearance motivation, obsessive-compulsive tendencies and excessive suntanning in a community sample. Journal of Health Psychology , 2 (4), 493-499. Full Text
  - Moore, MA, Britt, TW, & Leary, MR. (1997, April). Integrating Social and Counseling Psychological Perspectives on the Self. The Counseling Psychologist , 25 (2), 220-239. Full Text
  - Baumeister, RF, & Leary, MR. (1997, January 1). Writing narrative literature reviews. Review of General Psychology , 1 (3), 311-320. Full Text
  - Forsyth, DR, & Leary, MR. (1997, January 1). Achieving the Goals of the Scientist-Practitioner Model: The Seven Interfaces of Social and Counseling Psychology. The Counseling Psychologist , 25 (2), 180-200. Full Text
  - Haupt, AL, & Leary, MR. (1997, January 1). The appeal of worthless groups: Moderating effects of trait self-esteem. Group Dynamics , 1 (2), 124-132. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Schreindorfer, LS. (1997). Unresolved issues with terror management theory. Psychological Inquiry , 8 , 26-29. (Academic Article)
  - Martin, KA, Rejeski, WJ, Leary, MR, McAuley, E, & Bane, S. (1997, January 1). Is the social physique anxiety scale really multidimensional? Conceptual and statistical arguments for a unidimensional model. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 19 (4), 359-367. Full Text
  - Nezlek, JB, Kowalski, RM, Leary, MR, Blevins, T, & Holgate, S. (1997, January 1). Personality moderators of reactions to interpersonal rejection: Depression and trait self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 23 (12), 1235-1244. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Landel, JL, & Patton, KM. (1996, January 1). The Motivated Expression of Embarrassment Following a Self-Presentational Predicament. Journal of Personality , 64 (3), 619-636. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (1996). Social anxiety and couples: Self-presentational concerns in close relationships. The Family Digest: Bulletin of the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors , 9 , 1-4. (Academic Article)
  - Baumeister, RF, & Leary, MR. (1995, May). The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin , 117 (3), 497-529. (Review) Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Schreindorfer, LS, & Haupt, AL. (1995). The role of self-esteem in emotional and behavioral problems: Why is low self-esteem dysfunctional?. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 14 , 297-314. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, Tambor, ES, Terdal, SK, & Downs, DL. (1995, January 1). Self-Esteem as an Interpersonal Monitor: The Sociometer Hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 68 (3), 518-530. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Tchividjian, LR, & Kraxberger, BE. (1994, November). Self-presentation can be hazardous to your health: impression management and health risk. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association , 13 (6), 461-470. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Nezlek, JB, Downs, D, Radford-Davenport, J, Martin, J, & McMullen, A. (1994, October). Self-presentation in everyday interactions: effects of target familiarity and gender composition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 67 (4), 664-673. Full Text
  - Jones, JL, & Leary, MR. (1994, January). Effects of appearance-based admonitions against sun exposure on tanning intentions in young adults. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association , 13 (1), 86-90. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (1994). How should we teach undergraduates about personality?. Dialogue (Bulletin of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology) ,. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, & Kowalski, RM. (1993, August). The Interaction Anxiousness Scale: construct and criterion-related validity. Journal of Personality Assessment , 61 (1), 136-146. Full Text
  - Cutlip, WD, & Leary, MR. (1993, January 1). Anatomic and physiological bases of social blushing: Speculations from neurology and psychology. Behavioural Neurology , 6 (4), 181-185. (Review) Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Jones, JL. (1993, January 1). The Social Psychology of Tanning and Sunscreen Use: Self‐Presentational Motives as a Predictor of Health Risk. Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 23 (17), 1390-1406. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Britt, TW, Cutlip, WD, & Templeton, JL. (1992, November). Social blushing. Psychological Bulletin , 112 (3), 446-460. (Review) Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (1992). Self-presentational processes in exercise and sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 14 , 339-351. (Academic Article)
  - Rezek, PJ, & Leary, MR. (1991, March). Perceived control, drive for thinness, and food consumption: anorexic tendencies as displaced reactance. Journal of Personality , 59 (1), 129-142. Full Text
  - Franke, R, & Leary, MR. (1991). Disclosure of sexual orientation by lesbians and gay men: A comparison on private and public processes. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 10 , 262-269. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, & Meadows, S. (1991, January 1). Predictors, Elicitors, and Concomitants of Social Blushing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 60 (2), 254-262. Full Text
  - Tardy, CH, Allen, MT, Thompson, WR, & Leary, MR. (1991, January 1). Social anxiety and cardiovascular responses to interpersonal communication. Southern Communication Journal , 57 (1), 25-34. Full Text
  - Rezek, PJ, & Leary, MR. (1990, September). Evaluation Apprehension, Hypochondriasis, and the Strategic Use of Symptoms. Basic and Applied Social Psychology , 11 (3), 233-242. Full Text
  - Kowalski, RM, & Leary, MR. (1990, January 1). Strategic self-presentation and the avoidance of aversive events: Antecedents and consequences of self-enhancement and self-depreciation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 26 (4), 322-336. Full Text
  - Lamphere, RA, & Leary, MR. (1990). Private and public self-processes: A return to James' constituents of the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 16 , 717-725. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, & Kowalski, RM. (1990, January 1). Impression Management: A Literature Review and Two-Component Model. Psychological Bulletin , 107 (1), 34-47. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (1990). Responses to social exclusion: Social anxiety, jealousy, loneliness, depression, and low self-esteem. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 9 , 221-229. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR. (1990). Wanted: Half-baked ideas. Contemporary Social Psychology , 14 , 48-49. (Academic Article)
  - Hart, EA, Leary, MR, & Rejeski, WJ. (1989). The measurement of social physique anxiety. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 11 , 94-104. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, & Snell, WE. (1988, May 1). The relationship of instrumentality and expressiveness to sexual behavior in males and females. Sex Roles , 18 (9-10), 509-522. Full Text
  - Barnes, BD, Mason, E, Leary, MR, Laurent, J, Griebel, C, & Bergman, A. (1988, January 1). Reactions to social vs self-evaluation: Moderating effects of personal and social identity orientations. Journal of Research in Personality , 22 (4), 513-524. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Kowalski, RM, & Bergen, DJ. (1988). Interpersonal information acquisition and confidence in first encounters. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 14 , 68-77. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, Kowalski, RM, & Campbell, CD. (1988, January 1). Self-presentational concerns and social anxiety: The role of generalized impression expectancies. Journal of Research in Personality , 22 (3), 308-321. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (1988). A comprehensive approach to the treatment of social anxieties: The self-presentation model. Phobia Practice Research Journal , 1 , 48-57. (Academic Article)
  - Maddux, JE, Norton, LW, & Leary, MR. (1988). Cognitive components of social anxiety: An investigation of the integration of self-presentation theory and self-efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 6 , 180-190. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, & Maddux, JE. (1987, October). Progress toward a viable interface between social and clinical-counseling psychology. The American Psychologist , 42 (10), 904-911. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Barnes, BD, Griebel, C, Mason, E, & McCormack, D. (1987). The impact of conjoint threats to social- and self-esteem on evaluation apprehension. Social Psychology Quarterly , 50 , 304-311. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, Knight, PD, & Johnson, KA. (1987). Social anxiety and dyadic conversation: A verbal response analysis. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 5 , 34-50. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, Kowalski, RM, Maddux, JE, & Stoltenberg, C. (1987). Required reading at the interface of social, clinical, and counseling psychology. Contemporary Social Psychology , 12 , 68-70. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR. (1987). The three faces of social-clinical-counseling psychology. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 5 , 168-175. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, & Shepperd, JA. (1986, December 1). Behavioral Self-Handicaps Versus Self-Reported Handicaps. A Conceptual Note. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 (6), 1265-1268. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Rogers, PA, Canfield, RW, & Coe, C. (1986, November 1). Boredom in Interpersonal Encounters. Antecedents and Social Implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 (5), 968-975. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Robertson, RB, Barnes, BD, & Miller, RS. (1986, October 1). Self-Presentations of Small Group Leaders. Effects of Role Requirements and Leadership Orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 (4), 742-748. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Atherton, S. (1986). Self-efficacy, anxiety, and inhibition in interpersonal encounters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 4 , 256-267. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, Atherton, SC, Hill, S, & Hur, C. (1986). Attributional mediators of social inhibition and avoidance. Journal of Personality , 54 , 188-200. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, Atherton, SC, Hill, S, & Hur, C. (1986, January 1). Attributional mediators of social inhibition and avoidance. Journal of Personality , 54 (4), 704-716. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Barnes, BD, & Griebel, C. (1986). Cognitive, affective, and attributional effects of potential threats to self-esteem. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 4 , 461-474. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, Knight, PD, & Barnes, BD. (1986). Ethical ideologies of the Machiavellian. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 12 , 75-80. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, Shepperd, JA, McNeil, MS, Jenkins, TB, & Barnes, BD. (1986, January 1). Objectivism in Information Utilization: Theory and Measurement. Journal of Personality Assessment , 50 (1), 32-43. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Wheeler, DS, & Jenkins, TB. (1986). Aspects of identity and behavioral preference: Studies of occupational and recreational choice. Social Psychology Quarterly , 49 , 11-18. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR. (1986, January 1). The impact of interactional impediments on social anxiety and self-presentation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 22 (2), 122-135. Full Text
  - Altmaier, EM, Leary, MR, Halpern, S, & Sellers, JE. (1985). Effects of stress inoculation and participant modeling on confidence and anxiety: Testing predictions of self-efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 3 , 500-505. (Academic Article)
  - Forsyth, DR, Schlenker, BR, McCown, NE, & Leary, MR. (1985, January 1). Self-presentational determinants of sex differences in leadership behavior. Small Group Research , 16 (2), 197-210. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (1985). Teaching a course at the interface of social and clinical-counseling psychology. Contemporary Social Psychology , 11 , 120-123. (Academic Article)
  - McColskey, W, & Leary, MR. (1985, January 1). Differential effects of norm-referenced and self-referenced feedback on performance expectancies, attributions, and motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology , 10 (3), 275-284. Full Text
  - Schlenker, BR, & Leary, MR. (1985, January 1). Social anxiety and communication about the self. Journal of Language and Social Psychology , 4 , 171-192. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Jenkins, TB, & Shepperd, JA. (1984). The growth of interest in clinically-relevant research in social psychology. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 2 , 333-338. (Academic Article)
  - Stokes, JM, & Leary, MR. (1984). Evaluations of others' decisions by intellectually gifted and average children: Effects of decision consequences and decentering prompts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 10 , 564-573. (Academic Article)
  - Leary, MR, & Dobbins, SE. (1983, December). Social anxiety, sexual behavior, and contraceptive use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 45 (6), 1347-1354. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (1983, February). Social anxiousness: the construct and its measurement. Journal of Personality Assessment , 47 (1), 66-75. Full Text
  - LEARY, MR. (1983, January 1). THE CONCEPTUAL DISTINCTIONS ARE IMPORTANT: Another Look at Communication Apprehension and Related Constructs. Human Communication Research , 10 (2), 305-312. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 9 , 371-376. (Academic Article)
  - Schlenker, BR, & Leary, MR. (1982, November). Social anxiety and self-presentation: a conceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin , 92 (3), 641-669. Full Text
  - Altmaier, EM, Ross, SL, Leary, MR, & Thornbrough, M. (1982, January 1). Matching stress inoculation's treatment components to client's anxiety mode. Journal of Counseling Psychology , 29 (3), 331-334. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (1982). Distorted hindsight and the 1980 Presidential election. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 8 , 257-263. (Academic Article)
  - Schlenker, BR, & Leary, MR. (1982, January 1). Audiences' reactions to self-enhancing, self-denigrating, and accurate self-presentations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 18 (1), 89-104. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (1981, October). The Distorted Nature of Hindsight. The Journal of Social Psychology , 115 (1), 25-29. Full Text
  - Schlenker, BR, Forsyth, DR, Leary, MR, & Miller, RS. (1980, October 1). Self-presentational analysis of the effects of incentives on attitude change following counterattitudinal behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 39 (4), 553-577. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Altmaier, EM. (1980, January 1). Type I error in counseling research: A plea for multivariate analyses. Journal of Counseling Psychology , 27 (6), 611-615. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Schlenker, BR. (1980). Self-presentation in a task-oriented leadership situation. Representative Research in Social Psychology , 11 , 152-159. (Academic Article)
  - Altmaier, EM, Leary, MR, Forsyth, DR, & Ansel, JC. (1979, January 1). Attribution therapy: Effects of locus of control and timing of treatment. Journal of Counseling Psychology , 26 (6), 481-486. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (1979). Levels of discomfirmability and social psychological theory: A response to Greenwald. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 5 , 149-153. (Academic Article)
  - Schlenker, BR, Miller, RS, Leary, MR, & McCown, NE. (1979, January 1). Group performance and interpersonal evaluations as determinants of egotistical attributions in groups. Journal of Personality , 47 (4), 575-594. Full Text
- Book Sections
  - Leary, MR. (2017, December 15). Self-awareness, hypo-egoicism, and psychological well-being. In Subjective Well-Being and Life Satisfaction (pp. 392-408). Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Bolino, MC. (2017, December 14). An actor-perceiver model of impression management in organizations. In The Self at Work: Fundamental Theory and Research (pp. 253-272). Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Jongman-Sereno, KP. (2017, January 1). Self-presentation: Signaling personal and social characteristics. In Social Signal Processing (pp. 69-77). Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2016, January 1). Motivational and emotional aspects of interpersonal rejection: Twenty-five years of theory and research. In Ostracism, Exclusion, and Rejection (pp. 46-60). Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Jongman-Sereno, KP, & Diebels, KJ. (2015, January 1). Measures of Concerns with Public Image and Social Evaluation. In Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs (pp. 448-473). Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Jongman-Sereno, KP. (2014, July 11). Social Anxiety as an Early Warning System: A Refinement and Extension of the Self-Presentation Theory of Social Anxiety. In Social Anxiety: Clinical, Developmental, and Social Perspectives: Third Edition (pp. 579-597). Full Text
  - Leary, MR, Jongman-Sereno, KP, & Diebels, KJ. (2014, April 1). The pursuit of status: A self-presentational perspective on the quest for social value. In The Psychology of Social Status (pp. 159-178). Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2013, January 1). Functions of the self in interpersonal relationships: What does the self actually do?. In The Self and Social Relationships (pp. 95-115). Full Text
  - Costanzo, PR, Hoyle, RH, & Leary, MR. (2012, September 18). Personality, Social Psychology, and Psychopathology: Reflections on a Lewinian Vision. In The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology. Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2012, January 1). Sociometer theory. In Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology (pp. 141-159). Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Guadagno, J. (2011, May 1). The Role of Hypo-egoic Self-Processes in Optimal Functioning and Subjective Well-Being. In Designing Positive Psychology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward. Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Allen, AB. (2011, January 1). Belonging motivation establishing, maintaining, and repairing relational value. In Social Motivation (pp. 37-55). Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Leder, S. (2009, January 1). The nature of hurt feelings: Emotional experience and cognitive appraisals. In Feeling Hurt in Close Relationships (pp. 15-33). Full Text
  - Leary, MR, & Toner, K. (2009, January 1). Psychological theories of blushing. In The Psychological Significance of the Blush (pp. 63-76). Full Text
  - Leary, MR. (2007, December 13). The Self We Know and the Self We Show: Self-esteem, Self-presentation, and the Maintenance of Interpersonal Relationships. In Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Interpersonal Processes (pp. 457-477). Full Text
- Reports
  - Leary, MR, & Kowalski, RM. (1987). Manual for the Interaction Anxiousness Scale. .
Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
- PSY 203: Practicum 2019
- PSY 390S: Special Topics in Psychology 2019
- PSY 394: Research Independent Study 2019
- PSY 494: Research Independent Study 2019
- PSY 221: Personality 2018
- PSY 393: Research Independent Study 2018
- PSY 493: Research Independent Study 2018
- PSY 720: Applied Multivariate Statistics 2018
- PSY 746S: Teaching Practicum 2018
- PSY 745S: Teaching Practicum 2017
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