Journal ArticleJournal of Eating Disorders · December 1, 2025
Background: Designing interventions to change addictive eating behaviours is a complex process and understanding the treatment effect on co-occurring disordered eating behaviours is of importance. This study aimed to explore treatment effects of the TRACE ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Research in Personality · June 1, 2025
People who recognize that their viewpoints might be wrong – that is, people higher in intellectual humility (IH) – should fare better in conflicts with relationship partners than people lower in IH. Both members of 74 heterosexual couples (Mage ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleDevelopmental psychology · October 2024
The expression of intellectual humility-publicly admitting confusion, ignorance, and mistakes-can benefit individuals, but can it also benefit others? Five studies tested the hypothesis that teachers' expressions of intellectual humility would boost U.S. s ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSocial and Personality Psychology Compass · July 1, 2024
This 4-year prospective study investigated the dynamic relationship between stress, self-compassion, and resilience among university students, a population with increasing rates of mental health challenges. Drawing on stress theories, the research explored ...
Full textOpen AccessCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality and social psychology · February 2024
Disagreements can polarize attitudes when they evoke defensiveness from the conversation partners. When a speaker talks, listeners often think about ways to counterargue. This process often fails to depolarize attitudes and might even backfire (i.e., the B ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJ Eat Disord · July 15, 2022
BACKGROUND: People unknowingly mimic the behaviors of others, a process that results in feelings of affiliation. However, some individuals with eating disorders describe feeling "triggered" when mimicked. This study explores the effects of implicit non-ver ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticlePerspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · March 2022
The COVID-19 pandemic has extensively changed the state of psychological science from what research questions psychologists can ask to which methodologies psychologists can use to investigate them. In this article, we offer a perspective on how to optimize ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleEducational psychology review · January 2022
The need to belong in human motivation is relevant for all academic disciplines that study human behavior, with immense importance to educational psychology. The presence of belonging, specifically school belonging, has powerful long- and short-term implic ...
Full textCite
Chapter · January 1, 2022
A great deal of human behavior is motivated by the desire for acceptance and belonging, and a high proportion of people's emotional reactions stems from concerns with actual or potential social rejection. The pervasive quest for acceptance can be seen in t ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleInternational Journal of Community Well Being · December 1, 2021
In this article The Student Resilience and Well-Being Project Research Group3 members are (in alphabetical order by institution and last name) Lauren A. Stutts (Department of Health and Human Values, Davidson College); Steven R. Asher, Rick H. H ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleThe Journal of social psychology · November 2021
In a 2003 study, we examined five antecedents of school shootings - a history of rejection, acute rejection experience, history of psychological problems, fascination with death or violence, and fascination with guns. In three studies, the current project ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality and Individual Differences · October 1, 2021
Three studies examined the degree to which people value doing things that push them out of their comfort zone. Study 1 showed that the boundaries of people's comfort zones are related to their motives for engaging in a behavior and how they expect to feel ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonal Relationships · September 1, 2021
Despite being an inherently interpersonal phenomenon, secrecy has rarely been studied within specific relationships. This study examines how the secret-keeper's relationship with the target relates to concealment among undergraduates (n = 292) and MTurk wo ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSelf and Identity · January 1, 2021
Looking back through the research I have conducted on the need to belong, I discovered three unpublished projects that might be of interest. At the time, each of these projects needed follow-up work to replicate findings and resolve fuzziness in their resu ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleAustralian Journal of Psychology · January 1, 2021
Looking back at more than 40 years of the author’s work on social emotions reveals that emotional reactions as diverse as hurt feelings, loneliness, social anxiety, jealousy, guilt, embarrassment, and, often, sadness are linked to people’s concerns with ac ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality & social psychology bulletin · May 2020
Two studies tested the hypothesis that humility is characterized by the belief that, no matter how extraordinary one's accomplishments or characteristics may be, one is not entitled to be treated special because of them (hypo-egoic nonentitlement). Partici ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSelf and Identity · January 2, 2020
People feel more authentic at certain times than at others, and people differ in how authentic they believe they are overall. Although self-judgments of authenticity and inauthenticity are important to people, we know little about factors that influence pe ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleTpm Testing Psychometrics Methodology in Applied Psychology · September 1, 2019
People’s identities are based primarily on characteristics that distinguish them from other people. However, some people’s identities are influenced by their beliefs about their connections with humanity and the world, connections that emphasize similarity ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Positive Psychology · July 4, 2019
A variety of philosophical, religious, spiritual, and scientific perspectives converge on the notion that everything that exists is part of some fundamental entity, substance, or process. People differ in the degree to which they believe that everything is ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleReview of General Psychology · March 1, 2019
As the term is typically used, authenticity refers to the degree to which a particular behavior is congruent with a person’s attitudes, beliefs, values, motives, and other dispositions. However, researchers disagree regarding the best way to conceptualize ...
Full textCite
Book · January 1, 2019
This text provides an integrative survey of the burgeoning social-psychological literature on the self. By way of an introduction, the authors establish the intellectual climate that gave rise to contemporary perspectives on the self and integrate early an ...
Full textCite
Book · January 1, 2019
This book is about the ways which human behavior is affected concerns with people may be doing, their public impressions they typically prefer that No matter what else other people perceive them in certain desired ways and not perceive them in other, undes ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleReview of General Psychology · December 1, 2018
Research on the structure of personality has identified a sixth major trait that emerges in addition to the Big Five. This factor has been characterized in a number of ways-as integrity, morality, trustworthiness, honesty, values, and, most commonly, hones ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleGroup Processes and Intergroup Relations · December 1, 2018
Although many studies have examined the short-term effects of rejection in laboratory settings, few have investigated the impact of rejection over time or in real-world contexts. The university sorority recruitment process offers a unique opportunity to ad ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSelf and Identity · November 2, 2018
Self-compassion is consistently associated with psychological well-being, but most research has examined their relationship at only a single point in time. This study employed a longitudinal design to investigate the relationship between baseline self-comp ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSelf and Identity · November 2, 2018
Self-compassion has been shown to have significant relationships with psychological health and well-being. Despite the increasing growth of research on the topic, no studies to date have investigated how self-compassion relates to neural responses to threa ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality & social psychology bulletin · June 2017
Four studies examined intellectual humility-the degree to which people recognize that their beliefs might be wrong. Using a new Intellectual Humility (IH) Scale, Study 1 showed that intellectual humility was associated with variables related to openness, c ...
Full textOpen AccessCite
Chapter · January 1, 2017
When people interact, their behaviors are greatly influenced by the impressions they have of one another’s personalities, abilities, attitudes, intentions, identities, roles, and other characteristics. In fact, many important outcomes in life - outcomes as ...
Full textCite
Chapter · January 1, 2017
A hypothesized need to form and maintain strong, stable interpersonal relationships is evaluated in light of the empirical literature. The need is for frequent, nonaversive interactions within an ongoing relational bond. Consistent with the helongingness h ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSelf and Identity · September 2, 2016
Although self-compassion is associated with positive emotions, resilience, and well-being, some people resist recommendations to treat themselves with kindness and compassion. This study investigated how people’s personal values and evaluations of self-com ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Social and Clinical Psychology · September 1, 2016
People regularly monitor and control the impressions others form of them but differ in the degree to which they both convey impressions that are consistent with their private self-views (self-presentational congruence) and present different images of thems ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality and Individual Differences · July 1, 2016
This study examined the relationship between recognition memory and intellectual humility, the degree to which people recognize that their personal beliefs are fallible. Participants completed the General Intellectual Humility Scale, an incidental old/new ...
Full textOpen AccessCite
Journal ArticlePersonality and Individual Differences · July 1, 2016
Although significant progress has been made in the conceptualization and measurement of intellectual humility, little is known about intellectual humility with respect to specific opinions, beliefs, and positions. We offer a conceptualization of specific i ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSelf and Identity · May 3, 2016
Abstract: Two studies tested whether people are biased to infer that their positive actions are more authentic than their negative actions. In Study 1, participants identified a positive or negative personal characteristic and assessed the authenticity of ...
Full textCite
Book · 2016
You can also purchase a loose-leaf print reference to complement Revel Introduction to Behavioral Research Methods . This is optional. ...
Cite
Journal ArticleDialogues in clinical neuroscience · December 2015
A great deal of human emotion arises in response to real, anticipated, remembered, or imagined rejection by other people. Because acceptance by other people improved evolutionary fitness, human beings developed biopsychological mechanisms to apprise them o ...
Cite
Journal ArticleThe Journal of social psychology · November 2015
People sometimes display strong emotional reactions to events that appear disproportionate to the tangible magnitude of the event. Although previous work has addressed the role that perceived disrespect and unfairness have on such reactions, this study exa ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePerspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · July 2015
Many psychological phenomena have been explained primarily in terms of intrapsychic motives to maintain particular cognitive or affective states--such as motives for consistency, self-esteem, and authenticity--whereas other phenomena have been explained in ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePastoral Psychology · April 16, 2015
After committing an error or transgression, people may experience shame (they feel badly about themselves) or guilt (they feel badly about their action or inaction). This study investigated the possibility that people experience more shame in domains that ...
Full textCite
Chapter · January 1, 2015
People differ in the degree to which they are attuned to other people's evaluations of them, are motivated to make desired impressions on others, experience distress when their public images are damaged or others' evaluations of them are unfavorable, and u ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleThe Gerontologist · April 2014
PurposeEvidence suggests that self-compassion may be beneficial to older adults who are struggling to cope with the aging process. The purpose of this study was to assess the thoughts of self-compassionate older adults and to determine whether sel ...
Full textCite
Chapter · April 1, 2014
This chapter focuses on the ways in which people seek status in their interpersonal interactions and relationships. Our analysis conceptualizes status as the degree to which other people perceive that an individual possesses resources or personal character ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of health psychology · February 2014
To test the hypothesis that self-compassion buffers people against the emotional impact of illness and is associated with medical adherence, 187 HIV-infected individuals completed a measure of self-compassion and answered questions about their emotional an ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality and Individual Differences · January 1, 2014
This study introduces the construct of sociotropic differentiation - the figurative array of people whose acceptance and rejection matter to a person - and examines whether differences in sociotropic differentiation predict social and emotional well-being ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Environmental Psychology · January 1, 2014
This study examined belief superiority-the belief that one's own beliefs are more correct than other viewpoints-in the domain of environmental and energy issues. Replicating research in other domains, attitude extremity on seven energy issues was associate ...
Full textCite
Chapter · January 1, 2014
This chapter describes a refinement and extension of the self-presentational theory of social anxiety, which explains social anxiety in terms of people’s concerns with the impressions that other people are forming of them. Theoretical developments involvin ...
Full textCite
Book · December 17, 2013
This handbook provides a comprehensive, authoritative examination of the full range of personality variables associated with interpersonal judgment, behavior, and emotion. ...
Cite
Journal ArticleBehav Res Ther · December 2013
The present study investigated the relative effects of mindfulness and reappraisal in reducing sad mood and whether trait mindfulness and habitual reappraisal moderated the effects. The study also compared the extent to which implementation of these strate ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal ArticlePsychological science · December 2013
Accusations of entrenched political partisanship have been launched against both conservatives and liberals. But is feeling superior about one's beliefs a partisan issue? Two competing hypotheses exist: the rigidity-of-the-right hypothesis (i.e., conservat ...
Full textOpen AccessCite
Journal ArticlePersonality & social psychology bulletin · July 2013
Four studies investigated the relationship between self-compassion, health behaviors, and reactions to illness. Participants completed measures of self-compassion, health-related thoughts and feelings, reactions to actual and hypothetical illnesses, and se ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSelf and Identity · May 1, 2013
Life transitions that include moving to a new location are stressful, particularly if difficulties arise in the new environment. This study focused on the role of self-compassion in moderating students' reactions to social and academic difficulties in the ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSocial Influence · January 1, 2013
People often perceive products that cost more as having higher quality. Two experiments tested the hypothesis that the effect of price on perceived quality is attenuated when people believe that their judgments of product quality will be shared with other ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleAIDS care · January 2013
The objective of this study was to extend the psychometric evaluation of a brief version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). A secondary analysis of data from an international sample of 1967 English-speaking persons living with HIV disease was used to exam ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality assessment · January 2013
Nine studies examined the construct validity of the Need to Belong Scale. The desire for acceptance and belonging correlated with, but was distinct from, variables that involve a desire for social contact, such as extraversion and affiliation motivation. F ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality & social psychology bulletin · December 2012
People differ regarding their "Big Three" mate preferences of attractiveness, status, and interpersonal warmth. We explain these differences by linking them to the "Big Two" personality dimensions of agency/competence and communion/warmth. The similarity-a ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSelf and identity : the journal of the International Society for Self and Identity · October 2012
Two studies assessed the role of self-compassion as a moderator of the relationship between physical health and subjective well-being in the elderly. In Study 1, 132 participants, ranging in age from 67-90 years, completed a questionnaire that assessed the ...
Full textCite
Chapter · September 18, 2012
In this chapter, we first consider the historical and conceptual roots of the tripartite, but at times rocky, marriage of the fields of personality, social, and abnormal psychology. After briefly describing the hopes of early 20th-century scholars to array ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSocial Psychological and Personality Science · August 1, 2012
Can negative first names cause interpersonal neglect? Study 1 (N = 968) compared extremely negatively named online-daters with extremely positively named online-daters. Study 2 (N = 4,070) compared less extreme groups-namely, online-daters with somewhat un ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJ Pain Symptom Manage · April 2012
CONTEXT: Self-compassion entails qualities such as kindness and understanding toward oneself in difficult circumstances and may influence adjustment to persistent pain. Self-compassion may be a particularly influential factor in pain adjustment for obese i ...
Full textLink to itemCite
Journal Article · March 22, 2012
Non-acceptance can be perceived as inadequate relationship value towards an individual. By nature, human beings try to find a sense of belongingness and fear any form of denunciation. This chapter recognizes the fact that not everyone is expected to like a ...
Full textCite
Book · 2012
Interpersonal rejection ranks among the most potent and distressing events that people experience. Romantic refusal, ostracism, betrayal, stigmatization, job termination, and other kinds of denial have the power to compromise the quality of people's lives. ...
Full textCite
Journal Article · 2012
Individual differences in affect intensity are typically assessed with the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM). Previous factor analyses suggest that the AIM is comprised of four weakly correlated factors: Positive Affectivity, Negative Reactivity, Negative Int ...
Full textOpen AccessCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality · December 2011
This article examines the role that personality variables and processes play in people's efforts to manage their public images. Although most research on self-presentation has focused on situational influences, people differ greatly in the degree to which ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of cognitive neuroscience · November 2011
On the basis of the importance of social connection for survival, humans may have evolved a "sociometer"-a mechanism that translates perceptions of rejection or acceptance into state self-esteem. Here, we explored the neural underpinnings of the sociometer ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality and social psychology · November 2011
Most research on self-presentation has examined how people convey images of themselves on only 1 or 2 dimensions at a time. In everyday interactions, however, people often manage their impressions on several image-relevant dimensions simultaneously. By exa ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSelf and Identity · July 1, 2011
Self-compassion-treating oneself with kindness, care, and concern in the face of negative life events-may promote the successful self-regulation of health-related behaviors. Self-compassion can promote self-regulation by lowering defensiveness, reducing th ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleEuropean Journal of Social Psychology · June 1, 2011
Over the past 50years, research on self-presentation has revealed a great deal about how people construct social images by managing the impressions that others form of them. However, inspection of the dominant research paradigms reveals that most researche ...
Full textCite
Chapter · May 1, 2011
Many phenomena of interest to positive psychology share a common feature that involves a particular pattern of self-relevant cognitive activity. This hypo-egoic state is responsible both for the sense of well-being that tends to accompany many positive psy ...
Full textCite
Journal Article · December 1, 2010
Although several explanations of social anxiety exist, most of them emphasize one of three sets of antecedents: biological mechanisms involving temperamental, genetic, psychophysiological, and evolutionary factors; cognitive patterns in how people think ab ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleBasic and Applied Social Psychology · March 1, 2010
This research assessed the role of perceived selfishness in people's reactions to events without tangible consequences. In Experiment 1, participants were assigned to complete a boring task by another person who gave a selfish, legitimizing, or exculpatory ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSocial and personality psychology compass · February 2010
People who are high in self-compassion treat themselves with kindness and concern when they experience negative events. The present article examines the construct of self-compassion from the standpoint of research on coping in an effort to understand the w ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSelf and Identity · August 12, 2009
The analogue-I and analogue-me refer to mental self-relevant images that take a first-person vs. third-person perspective, respectively. Mental self-analogues are essential for goal setting, planning, and rehearsal of behavioral strategies, but they often ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc · August 2009
Although widely invoked as an explanation for psychological phenomena, ego threat has been conceptualized and induced in a variety of ways. Most contemporary research conceptualizes ego threat as a threat to a person's self-image or self-esteem, but experi ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePsychol Rev · April 2009
This article describes a new model that provides a framework for understanding people's reactions to threats to social acceptance and belonging as they occur in the context of diverse phenomena such as rejection, discrimination, ostracism, betrayal, and st ...
Full textOpen AccessLink to itemCite
Chapter · January 1, 2009
A prevailing question in the study of emotion has involved the number and identity of human emotions. Theorists have sliced the emotional pie in a variety of ways, but most fall into one of two camps. Advocates of categorical approaches have identified a r ...
Full textCite
Chapter · January 1, 2009
Blushing is the uncontrollable experience of warmth, usually accompanied by reddening of the skin, on the face, neck, ears and upper chest that people sometimes experience in reaction to real or perceived evaluation or social attention. Physiologically, bl ...
Full textCite
Chapter · December 13, 2007
As the capacity for self-reflection evolved among the prehistoric people from whom modern human beings descended, they presumably became aware that other individuals did not always see them the way that they saw themselves. This realization was a benchmark ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Social and Clinical Psychology · December 1, 2007
This study investigated the possibility that inducing a state of self-compassion would attenuate the tendency for restrained eaters to overeat after eating an unhealthy food preload (the disinhibition effect). College women completed measures of two compon ...
Full textCite
Book · September 1, 2007
Human beings are unique in their ability to think consciously about themselves. Because they have a capacity for self-awareness not shared by other animals, people can imagine themselves in the future, anticipate consequences, plan ahead, improve themselve ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality and social psychology · May 2007
Five studies investigated the cognitive and emotional processes by which self-compassionate people deal with unpleasant life events. In the various studies, participants reported on negative events in their daily lives, responded to hypothetical scenarios, ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleAnnual review of psychology · January 2007
Recent theory and research are reviewed regarding self-related motives (self-enhancement, self-verification, and self-expansion) and self-conscious emotions (guilt, shame, pride, social anxiety, and embarrassment), with an emphasis on how these motivationa ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality · December 2006
Theory and research dealing with self-regulation have focused primarily on instances of self-regulation that involve high levels of self-reflection and effortful self-control. However, intentionally trying to control one's behavior sometimes reduces the li ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSocial Behavior and Personality · October 9, 2006
This experiment examined whether information about a woman's body weight moderates the effects of information about her exercise habits on ratings of her personality and physical appearance. In a 3 (target's exercise status) × 3 (target's body weight) fact ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc · January 2006
This article reviews the literature on the relationship between interpersonal rejection and aggression. Four bodies of research are summarized: laboratory experiments that manipulate rejection, rejection among adults in everyday life, rejection in childhoo ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Social and Clinical Psychology · December 1, 2005
Previous research has revealed that some women rate their physique differently from how they believe others perceive them. This study examined the nature of this discrepancy, relying on research on self-verification and self-enhancement regarding how peopl ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePsychological bulletin · March 2005
The authors forward the hypothesis that social exclusion is experienced as painful because reactions to rejection are mediated by aspects of the physical pain system. The authors begin by presenting the theory that overlap between social and physical pain ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePsychological Bulletin · March 1, 2005
In comments on G. MacDonald and M. R. Leary (2005), J. Panksepp (2005) argued for more emphasis on social pain mechanisms, whereas P. J. Corr (2005) argued for more emphasis on physical defense mechanisms. In response to the former, the authors clarify the ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePsychological bulletin · May 2004
By applying different standards of evidence to sociometer theory than to terror management theory (TMT), T. Pyszczynski, J. Greenberg, S. Solomon, J. Arndt, and J. Schimel's (2004) review offers an imbalanced appraisal of the theories' merits. Many of Pysz ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Applied Sport Psychology · March 1, 2004
Self-presentation has been shown to play a role in the performance of a variety of potentially health-damaging behaviors such as substance abuse, exercise avoidance, failing to wear protective sports equipment, and failing to seek medical treatment (Leary, ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleTeaching of Psychology · January 1, 2004
We developed a novel variation on classroom data collection by having students conduct a national research project. Students at 20 different colleges and universities measured "school spirit" at their institutions according to several operational criteria ...
Cite
Journal ArticleTeaching of Psychology · January 1, 2004
We developed a novel variation on classroom data collection by having students conduct a national research project. Students at 20 different colleges and universities measured “school spirit†at their institutions according to several operational ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Experimental Social Psychology · January 1, 2004
Two experiments examined the effects of various levels and sequences of acceptance and rejection on emotion, ratings of self and others, and behavior. In Experiment 1, participants who differed in agreeableness received one of five levels of acceptance or ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality and Individual Differences · July 1, 2003
People balance their interpersonal engagements with time spent alone but differ widely in the degree to which they engage in and enjoy solitary activities. This study examined the question of whether these differences are primarily a function of a strong d ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleAggressive Behavior · May 1, 2003
Media commentators have suggested that recent school shootings were precipitated by social rejection, but no empirical research has examined this claim. Case studies were conducted of 15 school shootings between 1995 and 2001 to examine the possible role o ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality & social psychology bulletin · May 2003
Despite the fact that several theories suggest that people's self-esteem is affected by social approval and disapproval, many individuals steadfastly maintain that how other people regard them has no effect on how they feel about themselves. To examine the ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePsychosomatic medicine · March 2003
ObjectiveThe purpose of this experimental study was to supplement and expand on clinical research demonstrating that the provision of social support is associated with lower levels of acute pain.MethodsUndergraduates (52 men and 49 women) ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Research in Personality · January 1, 2003
Interpersonal theories of self-esteem that tie self-esteem to perceptions of one's acceptability to other people suggest that self-evaluations should predict global self-esteem to the degree to which an individual believes that a particular attribute is im ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · January 1, 2003
Previous discussions of the evolution of the self have diverged greatly in their estimates of the date at which the capacity for self-thought emerged, the factors that led self-reflection to evolve, and the nature of the evidence offered to support these d ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin · January 1, 2002
In a study of self-presentational motives in everyday social encounters, 164 first-year and upper-class undergraduate students described their social interactions for 1 week using a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record. These descriptions focused on ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Applied Social Psychology · January 1, 2002
The present investigation examined the relationship between self-presentational motives and physical activity in a population of cosmetic surgery participants. Participants were 50 female and 5 male cosmetic surgery patients (CSPs; Mage = 38.5 years) who c ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality and social psychology · November 2001
Three studies examined the independent effects of social acceptance and dominance on self-esteem. In Studies 1 and 2, participants received false feedback regarding their relative acceptance and dominance in a laboratory group, and state self-esteem was as ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleThe British journal of dermatology · October 2001
BackgroundIndividuals with psoriasis often report significant psychological distress, physical disability, social strain and reduced quality of life. Little is known about how they cope with the illness.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this st ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleMotivation and Emotion · June 1, 2001
Interpersonal rejection poses a threat to people's identities as competent, desirable individuals. This study examined the possibility that people buffer themselves against the implications of rejection by derogating those who reject them and by concluding ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · April 2001
The association between self-presentational motives and health behaviors were studied in a sample of 183 Irish adolescents. Among girls, dieters and nonexercisers scored higher on measures of trait self-presentational concern than nondieters and exercisers ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePsychological bulletin · March 2001
A reconceptualization of stigma is presented that changes the emphasis from the devaluation of an individual's identity to the process by which individuals who satisfy certain criteria come to be excluded from various kinds of social interactions. The auth ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Social and Personal Relationships · January 1, 2001
Previous research suggests that people's feelings are hurt more frequently by those whom they know well than by strangers and acquaintances, but these findings are based on retrospective accounts of hurtful events. This study examined the moderating effect ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality · August 2000
Three studies tested theoretical assumptions regarding the impostor phenomenon. In Study 1, participants completed measures of impostorism, rated themselves, and indicated how they thought other people regarded them. Contrary to standard conceptualizations ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleBasic and Applied Social Psychology · January 1, 2000
Self-presentational concerns and their sequelae are not unique to the young. Considerable research suggests that older adults are also motivated to engage in strategic self-presentation. This article reviews evidence that numerous self-presentational conce ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleCurrent Directions in Psychological Science · January 1, 1999
Sociometer theory proposes that the self-esteem system evolved as a monitor of social acceptance, and that the so-called self-esteem motive functions not to maintain self-esteem per se but rather to avoid social devaluation and rejection. Cues indicating t ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin · January 1, 1999
This experiment examined the influence of self-presentational motives on a potentially unhealthy behavior - drinking from a stranger's water bottle. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, participants' (N = 48) social image-concern (low/high) was manipulated, and ha ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · November 1998
Psoriasis creates interpersonal difficulties for many sufferers, but little research has examined factors that contribute to the degree of social and psychological disability that a particular person experiences. In all, 318 psoriasis patients completed me ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality and social psychology · May 1998
Four experiments examined the functional relationship between interpersonal appraisal and subjective feelings about oneself. Participants imagined receiving one of several positive or negative reactions from another person (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) or actu ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Personality and Social Psychology · January 1, 1998
One hundred sixty-four participants recounted situations in which their feelings had been hurt (victim accounts) or in which they had hurt another person's feelings (perpetrator accounts) and then completed a questionnaire. Hurt feelings were precipitated ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Health Psychology · November 17, 1997
Measures of appearance motivation, obsessive-compulsive tendencies and tanning attitudes and behavior were completed by 175 adults, ages 16-65, who were approached while suntanning. Participants who scored high in both appearance motivation and obsessive-c ...
Full textCite
Book · July 4, 1997
The book includes scales for measuring different manifestations of anxiety, as well as boxed material providing coverage of topics ranging from social anxiety among famous personalities to the implications of social anxiety for student ... ...
Cite
Journal ArticleGroup Dynamics · January 1, 1997
The authors tested the hypothesis that people with low trait self-esteem prefer to join seemingly worthless groups because one's membership is less tenuous in worthless than in worthwhile groups. One hundred fourteen undergraduate students who completed a ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin · January 1, 1997
Two experiments were conducted to examine the moderating effects of depression and trait self-esteem on reactions to social exclusion. Participants received information indicating that they had been included in or excluded from a laboratory group and that ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · January 1, 1997
Recent research has suggested that the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) is a multidimensional rather than a unidimensional measure. The present study challenged this position on both conceptual and empirical grounds. After deleting three questionable i ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleReview of General Psychology · January 1, 1997
Narrative literature reviews serve a vital scientific function, but few resources help people learn to write them. As compared with empirical reports, literature reviews can tackle broader and more abstract questions, can engage in more post hoc theorizing ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleCounseling Psychologist · January 1, 1997
Counseling psychology and social psychology have commingled theoretically and empirically for many years, but both fields have much to gain from a more complete integration across seven domains: educational (learning, teaching, and training), professional ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleCounseling Psychologist · January 1, 1997
Few areas present a more ideal opportunity for dialogue between counseling and social psychologists than the self Both disciplines have contributed significantly to the development of self theories and the design of methodologies suitable for understanding ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Personality · January 1, 1996
Two experiments tested hypotheses derived from an interpersonal model of embarrassment. According to this model, people who have suffered a self-presentational predicament are motivated to convey to others that they feel embarrassed as a way of repairing t ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePsychological bulletin · May 1995
A hypothesized need to form and maintain strong, stable interpersonal relationships is evaluated in light of the empirical literature. The need is for frequent, nonaversive interactions within an ongoing relational bond. Consistent with the belongingness h ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Personality and Social Psychology · January 1, 1995
Five studies tested hypotheses derived from the sociometer model of self-esteem according to which the self-esteem system monitors others' reactions and alerts the individual to the possibility of social exclusion. Study 1 showed that the effects of events ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · November 1994
People's concerns with how others perceive and evaluate them can lead to behaviors that increase the risk of illness and injury. This article reviews evidence that self-presentation motives play a role in several health problems, including HIV infection; s ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality and social psychology · October 1994
This study examined people's self-presentation motives in unstructured, everyday social interaction as a function of participants' gender similarity to, and general familiarity with, the targets of their self-presentations. Participants maintained a varian ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · January 1994
This experiment compared the effectiveness of health-based versus appearance-based messages on university students' intentions to protect their skin against the sun's damaging rays. One hundred thirty-four Ss completed a measure of appearance motivation, t ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality assessment · August 1993
This article presents data regarding the validity and reliability of the Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS; Leary 1983c), a self-report measure of dispositional social anxiety. The IAS demonstrates high test-retest and internal reliability. Correlations w ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleBehavioural Neurology · January 1, 1993
Although a common and occasionally troubling reaction, social blushing has received little systematic attention from either medical or behavioral researchers. This article reviews what is known of the physiological and psychological processes that mediate ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePsychological bulletin · November 1992
This article reviews theory and research regarding the physiology, situational and dispositional antecedents, behavioral concomitants, and interpersonal consequences of social blushing and offers a new theoretical account of blushing. This model posits tha ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality · March 1991
Although loss of perceived control has been implicated in the development of eating disorders, previous research has not directly tested the relationship between perceived control and food consumption. This study investigated the hypothesis that individual ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSouthern Communication Journal · January 1, 1991
This study reports data on the relationship of heart rate and blood pressure to state and trait social anxiety. Findings support the prediction that high trait anxiety subjects evidence a correlation between physiological measures and social anxiety. Measu ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Personality and Social Psychology · January 1, 1991
As blushing diffuses the likelihood of negative evaluations (and, thus, potential rejection) when an individual's status in a valued group is in jeopardy, people who are particularly concerned with others' evaluations and with their social relationships sh ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticlePsychological Bulletin · January 1, 1990
Impression management, the process by which people control the impressions others form of them, plays an important role in interpersonal behavior. This article presents a 2-component model within which the literature regarding impression management is revi ...
Cite
Journal ArticleJournal of Experimental Social Psychology · January 1, 1990
Two experiments examined the use of strategic self-presentation as a means of avoiding an aversive event, as well as the effects of such self-presentations on the presenter's subsequent self-evaluation. The studies employed a job simulation paradigm in whi ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSex Roles · May 1, 1988
In a study of the relationship between gender-relevant personality attributes and sexuality, 259 unmarried males and females completed the short form of the Bem Sex Role Inventory and a detailed survey of their sexual experiences. Multiple regression analy ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Research in Personality · January 1, 1988
People differ in the degree to which their identities are based on personal versus social identity characteristics. This experiment tested the hypothesis that people are most concerned about evaluations that are relevant to their salient identity orientati ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Research in Personality · January 1, 1988
Two experiments examined the degree to which socially anxious people's interpersonal concerns reflect doubts about their personal self-presentational efficacy versus a generalized belief that people tend to evaluate others unfavorably. In the first study, ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Personality and Social Psychology · December 1, 1986
An examination of the literature on self-handicapping reveals that the construct has been operationalized in two different ways. Some writers have regarded self-handicapping as a behavioral strategy that would be expected to make success on a task more dif ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Personality and Social Psychology · November 1, 1986
We conducted three studies to explore the antecedents and concomitants of interpersonal boredom. In Study 1, 297 subjects rated how bored they would be by an individual who performed each of 43 behaviors. A factor analysis of their ratings revealed nine be ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Personality and Social Psychology · October 1, 1986
Two experiments were conducted to examine the self-presentations of task-oriented and relationship-oriented leaders in response to situational pressures to adopt a task-oriented or interpersonal leadership style. Leaders of ad hoc groups were led to believ ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Personality · January 1, 1986
People differ in the degree to which they become inhibited and avoidant when they feel socially anxious This study explored the hypothesis that characterological attributions for one's feelings of nervousness in social settings are related to social inhibi ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Experimental Social Psychology · January 1, 1986
Pairs of subjects classified as high or low in dispositional social anxiousness interacted in the presence of noise that they believed would or would not interfere with their ability to interact and form accurate impressions of one another. As predicted by ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleSmall Group Research · January 1, 1985
Men and women placed in leadership positions communicated information about their skills and abilities to their subordinates. Although leaders’ perceptions of their abilities, group members’ knowledge of their leader's abilities, and the specific skills ne ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleContemporary Educational Psychology · January 1, 1985
When feedback is provided to students in a norm-referenced manner that compares the individual's performance to that of others, people who perform poorly tend to attribute their failures to lack of ability, expect to perform poorly in the future, and demon ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality and social psychology · December 1983
Two hundred and sixty college students completed a questionnaire that provided information regarding their sexual experience, knowledge, and attitudes; their self-evaluations on dimensions related to sexuality; and their level of heterosocial anxiety (anxi ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of personality assessment · February 1983
The self-report measures of social anxiety that are commonly used in social psychological and personality research confound the measurement of social anxiousness with the measurement of specific behaviors that often, but not always, accompany social anxiet ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Experimental Social Psychology · January 1, 1982
Subjects in three experiments evaluated hypothetical actors whose claims about either an upcoming or past performance and whose performances were system-atically varied from very positive to very negative. Positive, self-enhancing claims were effective in ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Counseling Psychology · January 1, 1982
65 speech-anxious undergraduates (determined by the Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker) were classified as experiencing primarily cognitive or somatic symptoms of anxiety as measured on the Cognitive-Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire. Ss received cogni ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Personality and Social Psychology · October 1, 1980
Hypothesized that when payment is introduced in a context that increases Ss' concerns about moral evaluation relevant to bribery, a direct relationship should occur between magnitude of payment and attitude change. If payment is introduced in a context tha ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Counseling Psychology · 1980
Maintains that a Type I error becomes inflated beyond conventional acceptable levels when a researcher performs individual univariate statistics (such as t tests or ANOVAs) on each of several dependent variables within a single research project. The presen ...
Full textCite
Journal ArticleJournal of Counseling Psychology · January 1, 1979
The reduction of debilitating self-blame following negative events through the use of attribution therapy was investigated. Ss were 112 undergraduates, who first completed the Personal Orientation Scale, a measure of locus of control. After receiving harsh ...
Full textCite
