Pao-Hwa Lin | Scholars@Duke

Pao-Hwa Lin
Associate Professor in Medicine

My research interest lies generally in the area of dietary patterns and chronic diseases including hypertension using controlled feeding study and lifestyle intervention designs.

Two major controlled feeding clinical trials that I was involved in include the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Study and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-Sodium (DASH-Sodium) Study. In addition to being an active member for the diet committee for DASH, I also function as the chair of the diet committee for the DASH-Sodium study. I am familiar with the development and operation of a controlled feeding study, which means the process of study design, development of questionnaire/forms for data collection/monitoring, development of quality assurance procedure, and data analysis.

I've also helped with the design and implementation of the lifestyle behavioral intervention program for the Hypertension Improvement Project (HIP), PREMIER clinical trial, Weight Loss Maintenance trial (WLM), ENCORE study, and the Cell Phone Intervention for You (CITY) trial.

Key words: Diet, controlled feeding study, mineral, blood pressure, nutrition.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Nephrology, Medicine 2021
Member of Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute 2013
Member of the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Institutes and Centers 2019

Contact Information

3475 Erwin Road Suite 100, Stedman Nutrition Center, Durham, NC 27705
Duke Box 3487, Durham, NC 27710
lin00004@mc.duke.edu (919) 660-6685

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Texas, Austin 1990
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Nephrology, Medicine 2006 - 2020
- Associate Research Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Nephrology, Medicine 2004 - 2006
- Assistant Research Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Nephrology, Medicine 1998 - 2004
- Assistant Research Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Geriatrics, Medicine 1996 - 1998
- Assistant Research Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Medicine 1994 - 1996
Recognition
In the News
- APR 25, 2014 WRAL
  
  Study: Diets rich in veggies, fruits ward off hypertension
Research
Selected Grants
- Diet and Hypertension Management in Chronic Kidney Disease awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2024
- Carbohydrate and Prostate Study 1 and 2 awarded by Institute for Medical Research, Inc. 2020 - 2021
- CAPS1 and CAPS2 clinical trial awarded by Institute for Medical Research, Inc. 2016 - 2021
- Facility and Web-based Approaches to Lifestyle Change in Resistant Hypertension awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2020
- MURDOCK Prevention CKD Pilot: Diet Microbiota, and Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) awarded by University of Virginia - Charlottesville 2019 - 2020
- Identifying Strategies for Effective Weight Management in Diverse Interventions awarded by University of Pittsburgh 2016 - 2019
- PSA - Zoe Charalambous awarded by Institute for Medical Research, Inc. 2017 - 2018
- Lifestyle, CVD Risk and Cognitive Impairment awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2018
- Dietary Acid Load, Subclinical Acidosis and Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2017
- CAPS1 and CAPS2 clinical trial awarded by Institute for Medical Research, Inc. 2016 - 2017
- Teen CHAT:Improving physician communication with adolescents about healthy weight awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2016
- Cellphone Intervention Trial for Young Adults (CITY) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2015
- Midcareer Investigator Award awarded by National Institutes of Health 2012 - 2014
- Hypertension Improvement Project (HIP) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2010
- Behavioral Treatment of High Blood Pressure awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2010
- PREMIER Maintenance Trial (MAINTENANCE) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2008
- Premier: Lifestyle Interventions For Blood Pressure Contro awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2003
- same awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2003
- Same awarded by National Institutes of Health 1997 - 2001
- Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake, And Blood Pressure awarded by National Institutes of Health 1997 - 1999
- Dietary Patterns And Blood Pressure awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1997
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Books
  - Lin, P. H. Overview, 2012.
  - Lin, P. H., and L. P. Svetkey. Nutrition, lifestyle factors, and blood pressure, 2012.
  - Lin, P. H., and L. P. Svetkey. Preface, 2012.
- Academic Articles
  - Xie, Wuxiang, Yanfang Wang, Jianqin Sun, Guo Zeng, Huilian Zhu, Zhenquan Yang, Pei Gao, et al. “Protocol of a multicenter, single-blind, randomised, parallel controlled feeding trial evaluating the effect of a Chinese Healthy Heart (CHH) diet in lowering blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors.” Bmj Open 10, no. 8 (August 20, 2020): e036394. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036394.
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  - Csizmadi, Ilona, Pao-Hwa Lin, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Vegetable Consumption and Progression of Prostate Cancer.” Jama 323, no. 24 (June 23, 2020): 2529–30. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6729.
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  - Chatterjee, Ranee, Clemontina A. Davenport, Lydia Kwee, David D’Alessio, Laura P. Svetkey, Pao-Hwa Lin, Cris A. Slentz, et al. “Preliminary evidence of effects of potassium chloride on a metabolomic path to diabetes and cardiovascular disease.” Metabolomics 16, no. 7 (June 18, 2020): 75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-020-01696-w.
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  - Freedland, Stephen J., Jenifer Allen, Aubrey Jarman, Taofik Oyekunle, Andrew J. Armstrong, Judd W. Moul, Howard M. Sandler, et al. “A Randomized Controlled Trial of a 6-Month Low-Carbohydrate Intervention on Disease Progression in Men with Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Carbohydrate and Prostate Study 2 (CAPS2).” Clin Cancer Res 26, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 3035–43. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-3873.
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  - Chi, Jen-Tsan, Pao-Hwa Lin, Vladimir Tolstikov, Taofik Oyekunle, Emily Y. Chen, Valerie Bussberg, Bennett Greenwood, et al. “Metabolomic effects of androgen deprivation therapy treatment for prostate cancer.” Cancer Med 9, no. 11 (June 2020): 3691–3702. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.3016.
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  - Blumenthal, James A., Patrick J. Smith, Stephanie Mabe, Alan Hinderliter, Kathleen Welsh-Bohmer, Jeffrey N. Browndyke, P Murali Doraiswamy, et al. “Longer Term Effects of Diet and Exercise on Neurocognition: 1-Year Follow-up of the ENLIGHTEN Trial.” J Am Geriatr Soc 68, no. 3 (March 2020): 559–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16252.
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  - Patel, D. N., P. Kuhlmann, P. H. Lin, and S. J. Freeland. “Public interest in dietary supplements for prostate cancer prevention.” Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, January 1, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-020-0257-8.
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  - Smith, Patrick J., Stephanie M. Mabe, Andrew Sherwood, P Murali Doraiswamy, Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer, James R. Burke, William E. Kraus, et al. “Metabolic and Neurocognitive Changes Following Lifestyle Modification: Examination of Biomarkers from the ENLIGHTEN Randomized Clinical Trial.” J Alzheimers Dis 77, no. 4 (2020): 1793–1803. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200374.
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  - Vidal, Adriana C., Taofik Oyekunle, Lauren E. Howard, Nitin Shivappa, Amanda De Hoedt, Jane C. Figueiredo, Emanuela Taioli, et al. “Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of prostate cancer in a case-control study among Black and White US Veteran men.” Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 22, no. 4 (December 2019): 580–87. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-019-0143-4.
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  - Scialla, Julia J., and Pao-Hwa Lin. “Revamping the 'renal' diet: using foods to control phosphorus physiology.” Nephrol Dial Transplant 34, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 1619–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfz019.
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  - Tyson, Crystal C., Clemontina A. Davenport, Pao-Hwa Lin, Julia J. Scialla, Rasheeda Hall, Clarissa J. Diamantidis, Joseph Lunyera, et al. “DASH Diet and Blood Pressure Among Black Americans With and Without CKD: The Jackson Heart Study.” Am J Hypertens 32, no. 10 (September 24, 2019): 975–82. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpz090.
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  - Freedland, Stephen J., Lauren Howard, Jenifer Allen, Jordan Smith, Jennifer Stout, William Aronson, Brant A. Inman, et al. “A lifestyle intervention of weight loss via a low-carbohydrate diet plus walking to reduce metabolic disturbances caused by androgen deprivation therapy among prostate cancer patients: carbohydrate and prostate study 1 (CAPS1) randomized controlled trial.” Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 22, no. 3 (September 2019): 428–37. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-019-0126-5.
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  - Tate, Deborah F., Leslie Lytle, Kristen Polzien, Molly Diamond, Kelsey R. Leonard, John M. Jakicic, Karen C. Johnson, et al. “Deconstructing Weight Management Interventions for Young Adults: Looking Inside the Black Box of the EARLY Consortium Trials.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 27, no. 7 (July 2019): 1085–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22506.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, William Aronson, and Stephen J. Freedland. “An update of research evidence on nutrition and prostate cancer.” Urol Oncol 37, no. 6 (June 2019): 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.10.006.
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  - Blumenthal, James A., Patrick J. Smith, Stephanie Mabe, Alan Hinderliter, Pao-Hwa Lin, Lawrence Liao, Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer, et al. “Lifestyle and neurocognition in older adults with cognitive impairments: A randomized trial.” Neurology 92, no. 3 (January 15, 2019): e212–23. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000006784.
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  - Lin, P. H., and S. J. Freedland. “Dietary intake and prostate cancer, continued pursuit for evidence.” Translational Andrology and Urology 8 (January 1, 2019): S246–49. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2019.01.08.
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  - Bodner, Michael E., Pauline Lyna, Truls Østbye, Terrill Bravender, Stewart C. Alexander, James A. Tulsky, Pao-Hwa Lin, and Kathryn I. Pollak. “Accuracy and congruence of physician and adolescent patient weight-related discussions: Teen CHAT (Communicating health: Analyzing talk).” Patient Educ Couns 101, no. 12 (December 2018): 2105–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.07.022.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, Steven Grambow, Stephen Intille, John A. Gallis, Tony Lazenka, Hayden Bosworth, Corrine L. Voils, et al. “The Association Between Engagement and Weight Loss Through Personal Coaching and Cell Phone Interventions in Young Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial.” Jmir Mhealth Uhealth 6, no. 10 (October 18, 2018): e10471. https://doi.org/10.2196/10471.
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  - Bravender, Terrill, Pauline Lyna, Cynthia J. Coffman, Michael E. Bodner, Truls Østbye, Stewart C. Alexander, Pao-Hwa Lin, and Kathryn I. Pollak. “Physician Weight-Related Counseling Is Unrelated to Extreme Weight Loss Behaviors Among Overweight and Obese Adolescents.” Clin Pediatr (Phila) 57, no. 8 (July 2018): 954–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922817737081.
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  - Tyson, Crystal C., Huiman Barnhart, Shelly Sapp, Victor Poon, Pao-Hwa Lin, and Laura P. Svetkey. “Ambulatory blood pressure in the dash diet trial: Effects of race and albuminuria.” J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 20, no. 2 (February 2018): 308–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13170.
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  - Chatterjee, Ranee, Cris Slentz, Clemontina A. Davenport, Johanna Johnson, Pao-Hwa Lin, Michael Muehlbauer, David D’Alessio, Laura P. Svetkey, and David Edelman. “Effects of potassium supplements on glucose metabolism in African Americans with prediabetes: a pilot trial.” Am J Clin Nutr 106, no. 6 (December 2017): 1431–38. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.117.161570.
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  - Chatterjee, Ranee, Clemontina A. Davenport, Laura P. Svetkey, Bryan C. Batch, Pao-Hwa Lin, Vasan S. Ramachandran, Ervin R. Fox, et al. “Serum potassium is a predictor of incident diabetes in African Americans with normal aldosterone: the Jackson Heart Study.” Am J Clin Nutr 105, no. 2 (February 2017): 442–49. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.143255.
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  - Chatterjee, Ranee, and Pao-Hwa Lin. “Serum calcium and its complex association with incident type 2 diabetes.” Am J Clin Nutr 104, no. 4 (October 2016): 957–58. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.143321.
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  - Pollak, Kathryn I., James A. Tulsky, Terrill Bravender, Truls Østbye, Pauline Lyna, Rowena J. Dolor, Cynthia J. Coffman, et al. “Teaching primary care physicians the 5 A's for discussing weight with overweight and obese adolescents.” Patient Educ Couns 99, no. 10 (October 2016): 1620–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.05.007.
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  - Tyson, Crystal C., Pao-Hwa Lin, Leonor Corsino, Bryan C. Batch, Jenifer Allen, Shelly Sapp, Huiman Barnhart, Chinazo Nwankwo, Jasmine Burroughs, and Laura P. Svetkey. “Short-term effects of the DASH diet in adults with moderate chronic kidney disease: a pilot feeding study.” Clin Kidney J 9, no. 4 (August 2016): 592–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfw046.
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  - Pollak, Kathryn I., Cynthia J. Coffman, James A. Tulsky, Stewart C. Alexander, Truls Østbye, David Farrell, Pauline Lyna, et al. “Teaching Physicians Motivational Interviewing for Discussing Weight With Overweight Adolescents.” J Adolesc Health 59, no. 1 (July 2016): 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.026.
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  - Svetkey, Laura P., Bryan C. Batch, Pao-Hwa Lin, Stephen S. Intille, Leonor Corsino, Crystal C. Tyson, Hayden B. Bosworth, et al. “Erratum: Cell phone intervention for you (CITY): A randomized, controlled trial of behavioral weight loss intervention for young adults using mobile technology.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 24, no. 2 (February 2016): 536. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21433.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, Stephen Intille, Gary Bennett, Hayden B. Bosworth, Leonor Corsino, Corrine Voils, Steven Grambow, et al. “Adaptive intervention design in mobile health: Intervention design and development in the Cell Phone Intervention for You trial.” Clin Trials 12, no. 6 (December 2015): 634–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774515597222.
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  - Blumenthal, James A., Andrew Sherwood, Patrick J. Smith, Stephanie Mabe, Lana Watkins, Pao-Hwa Lin, Linda W. Craighead, et al. “Lifestyle modification for resistant hypertension: The TRIUMPH randomized clinical trial.” Am Heart J 170, no. 5 (November 2015): 986-994.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2015.08.006.
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  - Svetkey, Laura P., Bryan C. Batch, Pao-Hwa Lin, Stephen S. Intille, Leonor Corsino, Crystal C. Tyson, Hayden B. Bosworth, et al. “Cell phone intervention for you (CITY): A randomized, controlled trial of behavioral weight loss intervention for young adults using mobile technology.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 23, no. 11 (November 2015): 2133–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21226.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, William Aronson, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Nutrition, dietary interventions and prostate cancer: the latest evidence.” Bmc Med 13 (January 8, 2015): 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-014-0234-y.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Lifestyle and lower urinary tract symptoms: what is the correlation in men?” Curr Opin Urol 25, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOU.0000000000000121.
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  - Batch, B. C., C. Tyson, J. Bagwell, L. Corsino, S. Intille, P. H. Lin, T. Lazenka, et al. “Corrigendum to "Weight loss intervention for young adults using mobile technology: Design and rationale of a randomized controlled trial - Cell phone Intervention for You (CITY)" [Contemp Clin Trials 37/2 (2014) 333-341].” Contemp Clin Trials 39, no. 2 (November 2014): 351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2014.10.001.
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  - Bravender, Terrill, Pauline Lyna, James A. Tulsky, Truls Ostbye, Stewart C. Alexander, Rowena J. Dolor, Cynthia J. Coffman, Pao-Hwa Lin, and Kathryn I. Pollak. “Physicians' assurances of confidentiality and time spent alone with adolescents during primary care visits.” Clin Pediatr (Phila) 53, no. 11 (October 2014): 1094–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922813512022.
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  - Pollak, Kathryn I., Cynthia J. Coffman, Stewart C. Alexander, Truls Østbye, Pauline Lyna, James A. Tulsky, Alicia Bilheimer, et al. “Weight's up? Predictors of weight-related communication during primary care visits with overweight adolescents.” Patient Educ Couns 96, no. 3 (September 2014): 327–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2014.07.025.
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  - Hinderliter, Alan L., Andrew Sherwood, Linda W. Craighead, Pwa-Hwa Lin, Lana Watkins, Michael A. Babyak, and James A. Blumenthal. “The long-term effects of lifestyle change on blood pressure: One-year follow-up of the ENCORE study.” Am J Hypertens 27, no. 5 (May 2014): 734–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpt183.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, Yanfang Wang, Erica Levine, Sandy Askew, Shenting Lin, Cuiqing Chang, Jiani Sun, et al. “A text messaging-assisted randomized lifestyle weight loss clinical trial among overweight adults in Beijing.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 22, no. 5 (May 2014): E29–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20686.
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  - Batch, Bryan C., Crystal Tyson, Jacqueline Bagwell, Leonor Corsino, Stephen Intille, Pao-Hwa Lin, Tony Lazenka, et al. “Weight loss intervention for young adults using mobile technology: design and rationale of a randomized controlled trial - Cell Phone Intervention for You (CITY).” Contemp Clin Trials 37, no. 2 (March 2014): 333–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2014.01.003.
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  - Bravender, Terrill, James A. Tulsky, David Farrell, Stewart C. Alexander, Truls Østbye, Pauline Lyna, Rowena J. Dolor, et al. “Teen CHAT: Development and utilization of a web-based intervention to improve physician communication with adolescents about healthy weight.” Patient Educ Couns 93, no. 3 (December 2013): 525–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.08.017.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, William S. Yancy, Kathryn I. Pollak, Rowena J. Dolor, Jennifer Marcello, Gregory P. Samsa, Bryan C. Batch, and Laura P. Svetkey. “The influence of a physician and patient intervention program on dietary intake.” J Acad Nutr Diet 113, no. 11 (November 2013): 1465–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.343.
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  - Lin, P. H., B. C. Batch, and L. P. Svetkey. “Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Hypertension,” August 29, 2013, 569–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-391884-0.00030-5.
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  - Corsino, Leonor, Pao-Hwa Lin, Bryan C. Batch, Stephen Intille, Steven C. Grambow, Hayden B. Bosworth, Gary G. Bennett, Crystal Tyson, Laura P. Svetkey, and Corrine I. Voils. “Recruiting young adults into a weight loss trial: report of protocol development and recruitment results.” Contemp Clin Trials 35, no. 2 (July 2013): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2013.04.002.
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  - Blumenthal, James A., Patrick J. Smith, Kathleen Welsh-Bohmer, Michael A. Babyak, Jeffrey Browndyke, Pao-Hwa Lin, P Murali Doraiswamy, et al. “Can lifestyle modification improve neurocognition? Rationale and design of the ENLIGHTEN clinical trial.” Contemp Clin Trials 34, no. 1 (January 2013): 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2012.09.004.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, Wen-Ting Yeh, Laura P. Svetkey, Shao-Yuan Chuang, Yuan-Chin Chang, Christine Wang, and Wen-Harn Pan. “Dietary intakes consistent with the DASH dietary pattern reduce blood pressure increase with age and risk for stroke in a Chinese population.” Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 22, no. 3 (2013): 482–91.
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  - Epstein, Dawn E., Andrew Sherwood, Patrick J. Smith, Linda Craighead, Carla Caccia, Pao-Hwa Lin, Michael A. Babyak, Julie J. Johnson, Alan Hinderliter, and James A. Blumenthal. “Determinants and consequences of adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet in African-American and white adults with high blood pressure: results from the ENCORE trial.” J Acad Nutr Diet 112, no. 11 (November 2012): 1763–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.07.007.
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  - Tyson, Crystal C., Chinazo Nwankwo, Pao-Hwa Lin, and Laura P. Svetkey. “The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating pattern in special populations.” Curr Hypertens Rep 14, no. 5 (October 2012): 388–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-012-0296-1.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, Yanfang Wang, Steven C. Grambow, William Goggins, and Daniel Almirall. “Dietary saturated fat intake is negatively associated with weight maintenance among the PREMIER participants.” Obesity (Silver Spring) 20, no. 3 (March 2012): 571–75. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2011.17.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, Chuhe Chen, Deborah R. Young, Diane Mitchell, Patricia Elmer, Yanfang Wang, Bryan Batch, and Catherine Champagne. “Glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with some cardiovascular risk factors among the PREMIER study participants.” Food Nutr Res 56 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.9464.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, Jason D. Allen, Yi-Ju Li, Miao Yu, Lillian F. Lien, and Laura P. Svetkey. “Blood Pressure-Lowering Mechanisms of the DASH Dietary Pattern.” J Nutr Metab 2012 (2012): 472396. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/472396.
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  - Champagne, Catherine M., Stephanie T. Broyles, Laura D. Moran, Katherine C. Cash, Erma J. Levy, Pao-Hwa Lin, Bryan C. Batch, et al. “Dietary intakes associated with successful weight loss and maintenance during the Weight Loss Maintenance trial.” J Am Diet Assoc 111, no. 12 (December 2011): 1826–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2011.09.014.
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  - Corsino, Leonor, William S. Yancy, Gregory P. Samsa, Rowena J. Dolor, Kathryn I. Pollak, Pao-Hwa Lin, and Laura P. Svetkey. “Physician characteristics as predictors of blood pressure control in patients enrolled in the hypertension improvement project (HIP).” J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 13, no. 2 (February 2011): 106–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7176.2010.00385.x.
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  - Chen, Liwei, Benjamin Caballero, Diane C. Mitchell, Catherine Loria, Pao-Hwa Lin, Catherine M. Champagne, Patricia J. Elmer, et al. “Reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with reduced blood pressure: a prospective study among United States adults.” Circulation 121, no. 22 (June 8, 2010): 2398–2406. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.911164.
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  - Apovian, Caroline M., Megan C. Murphy, Diana Cullum-Dugan, Pao-Hwa Lin, Kathryn Meyers Gilbert, Gerald Coffman, Mark Jenkins, Peter Bakun, Katherine L. Tucker, and Thomas Joseph Moore. “Validation of a web-based dietary questionnaire designed for the DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet: the DASH online questionnaire.” Public Health Nutr 13, no. 5 (May 2010): 615–22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980009991996.
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  - Blumenthal, James A., Michael A. Babyak, Andrew Sherwood, Linda Craighead, Pao-Hwa Lin, Julie Johnson, Lana L. Watkins, et al. “Effects of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet alone and in combination with exercise and caloric restriction on insulin sensitivity and lipids.” Hypertension 55, no. 5 (May 2010): 1199–1205. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.149153.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, Saki Miwa, Yi-Ju Li, Yanfang Wang, Erma Levy, Katherine Lastor, and Catherine Champagne. “Factors influencing dietary protein sources in the PREMIER trial population.” J Am Diet Assoc 110, no. 2 (February 2010): 291–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2009.10.041.
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  - Blumenthal, James A., Michael A. Babyak, Alan Hinderliter, Lana L. Watkins, Linda Craighead, Pao-Hwa Lin, Carla Caccia, Julie Johnson, Robert Waugh, and Andrew Sherwood. “Effects of the DASH diet alone and in combination with exercise and weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers in men and women with high blood pressure: the ENCORE study.” Arch Intern Med 170, no. 2 (January 25, 2010): 126–35. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.470.
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  - Svetkey, Laura P., Kathryn I. Pollak, William S. Yancy, Rowena J. Dolor, Bryan C. Batch, Greg Samsa, David B. Matchar, and Pao-Hwa Lin. “Hypertension improvement project: randomized trial of quality improvement for physicians and lifestyle modification for patients.” Hypertension 54, no. 6 (December 2009): 1226–33. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.134874.
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  - Chen, Liwei, Lawrence J. Appel, Catherine Loria, Pao-Hwa Lin, Catherine M. Champagne, Patricia J. Elmer, Jamy D. Ard, et al. “Reduction in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with weight loss: the PREMIER trial.” Am J Clin Nutr 89, no. 5 (May 2009): 1299–1306. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.27240.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa. “Dietary intervention for blood pressure control: a call for action!.” Am J Clin Nutr 89, no. 3 (March 2009): 734–35. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2008.27441.
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  - Dolor, Rowena J., William S. Yancy, William F. Owen, David B. Matchar, Gregory P. Samsa, Kathryn I. Pollak, Pao-Hwa Lin, et al. “Hypertension Improvement Project (HIP): study protocol and implementation challenges.” Trials 10 (February 26, 2009): 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-10-13.
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  - Wang, Y. F., W. S. Yancy, D. Yu, C. Champagne, L. J. Appel, and P. H. Lin. “The relationship between dietary protein intake and blood pressure: results from the PREMIER study.” J Hum Hypertens 22, no. 11 (November 2008): 745–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2008.64.
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  - Hollis, Jack F., Christina M. Gullion, Victor J. Stevens, Phillip J. Brantley, Lawrence J. Appel, Jamy D. Ard, Catherine M. Champagne, et al. “Weight loss during the intensive intervention phase of the weight-loss maintenance trial.” Am J Prev Med 35, no. 2 (August 2008): 118–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.013.
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  - Funk, Kristine L., Patricia J. Elmer, Victor J. Stevens, David W. Harsha, Shirley R. Craddick, Pao-Hwa Lin, Deborah Rohm Young, et al. “PREMIER--a trial of lifestyle interventions for blood pressure control: intervention design and rationale.” Health Promot Pract 9, no. 3 (July 2008): 271–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839906289035.
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  - Lien, Lillian F., Ann J. Brown, Jamy D. Ard, Catherine Loria, Thomas P. Erlinger, Adrianne C. Feldstein, Pao-Hwa Lin, et al. “Effects of PREMIER lifestyle modifications on participants with and without the metabolic syndrome.” Hypertension 50, no. 4 (October 2007): 609–16. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.089458.
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  - Karanja, Njeri, Kristie J. Lancaster, William M. Vollmer, Pao-Hwa Lin, Marlene M. Most, Jamy D. Ard, Janis F. Swain, Frank M. Sacks, and Eva Obarzanek. “Acceptability of sodium-reduced research diets, including the Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension diet, among adults with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension.” J Am Diet Assoc 107, no. 9 (September 2007): 1530–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.06.013.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, Lawrence J. Appel, Kristine Funk, Shirley Craddick, Chuhe Chen, Patricia Elmer, Mary Ann McBurnie, and Catherine Champagne. “The PREMIER intervention helps participants follow the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern and the current Dietary Reference Intakes recommendations.” J Am Diet Assoc 107, no. 9 (September 2007): 1541–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.06.019.
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  - Obarzanek, Eva, William M. Vollmer, Pao-Hwa Lin, Lawton S. Cooper, Deborah R. Young, Jamy D. Ard, Victor J. Stevens, et al. “Effects of individual components of multiple behavior changes: the PREMIER trial.” Am J Health Behav 31, no. 5 (September 2007): 545–60. https://doi.org/10.5555/ajhb.2007.31.5.545.
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  - Ledikwe, Jenny H., Barbara J. Rolls, Helen Smiciklas-Wright, Diane C. Mitchell, Jamy D. Ard, Catherine Champagne, Njeri Karanja, Pao-Hwa Lin, Victor J. Stevens, and Lawrence J. Appel. “Reductions in dietary energy density are associated with weight loss in overweight and obese participants in the PREMIER trial.” Am J Clin Nutr 85, no. 5 (May 2007): 1212–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1212.
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  - Elmer, Patricia J., Eva Obarzanek, William M. Vollmer, Denise Simons-Morton, Victor J. Stevens, Deborah Rohm Young, Pao-Hwa Lin, et al. “Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on diet, weight, physical fitness, and blood pressure control: 18-month results of a randomized trial.” Ann Intern Med 144, no. 7 (April 4, 2006): 485–95. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-7-200604040-00007.
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  - Miller, Edgar R., Thomas P. Erlinger, Frank M. Sacks, Laura P. Svetkey, Jeanne Charleston, Pao-Hwa Lin, and Lawrence J. Appel. “A dietary pattern that lowers oxidative stress increases antibodies to oxidized LDL: results from a randomized controlled feeding study.” Atherosclerosis 183, no. 1 (November 2005): 175–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.04.001.
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  - Ard, Jamy D., Cynthia J. Coffman, Pao-Hwa Lin, and Laura P. Svetkey. “One-year follow-up study of blood pressure and dietary patterns in dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-sodium participants.” Am J Hypertens 17, no. 12 Pt 1 (December 2004): 1156–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.07.005.
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  - Karanja, Njeri, T. P. Erlinger, Lin Pao-Hwa, Edgar R. Miller, and George A. Bray. “The DASH diet for high blood pressure: from clinical trial to dinner table.” Cleve Clin J Med 71, no. 9 (September 2004): 745–53. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.71.9.745.
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  - Harsha, David W., Frank M. Sacks, Eva Obarzanek, Laura P. Svetkey, Pao-Hwa Lin, George A. Bray, Mikel Aickin, Paul R. Conlin, Edgar R. Miller, and Lawrence J. Appel. “Effect of dietary sodium intake on blood lipids: results from the DASH-sodium trial.” Hypertension 43, no. 2 (February 2004): 393–98. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000113046.83819.a2.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, Fiona Ginty, Lawrence J. Appel, Mikel Aickin, Arline Bohannon, Patrick Garnero, Denis Barclay, and Laura P. Svetkey. “The DASH diet and sodium reduction improve markers of bone turnover and calcium metabolism in adults.” J Nutr 133, no. 10 (October 2003): 3130–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.10.3130.
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  - Svetkey, Laura P., David W. Harsha, William M. Vollmer, Victor J. Stevens, Eva Obarzanek, Patricia J. Elmer, Pao Hwa Lin, et al. “Premier: a clinical trial of comprehensive lifestyle modification for blood pressure control: rationale, design and baseline characteristics.” Ann Epidemiol 13, no. 6 (July 2003): 462–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1047-2797(03)00006-1.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, Mikel Aickin, Catherine Champagne, Shirley Craddick, Frank M. Sacks, Phyllis McCarron, Marlene M. Most-Windhauser, Fran Rukenbrod, Lauren Haworth, and Lauren Dash-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. “Food group sources of nutrients in the dietary patterns of the DASH-Sodium trial.” J Am Diet Assoc 103, no. 4 (April 2003): 488–96. https://doi.org/10.1053/jada.2003.50065.
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  - Lin, Pao-Hwa, Michael A. Proschan, George A. Bray, Claudia P. Fernandez, Kimberly Hoben, Marlene Most-Windhauser, Njeri Karanja, Eva Obarzanek, and Eva DASH Collaborative Research Group. “Estimation of energy requirements in a controlled feeding trial.” Am J Clin Nutr 77, no. 3 (March 2003): 639–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/77.3.639.
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  - Lin, P., F. Ginty, L. Appel, L. Svetkey, A. Bohannon, D. Barclay, R. Gannon, and M. Aickin. “Impact of sodium intake and dietary patterns on biochemical markers of bone and calcium metabolism.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 16 (September 1, 2001): S511–S511.
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  - Obarzanek, E., F. M. Sacks, W. M. Vollmer, G. A. Bray, E. R. Miller, P. H. Lin, N. M. Karanja, et al. “Effects on blood lipids of a blood pressure-lowering diet: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial.” Am J Clin Nutr 74, no. 1 (July 2001): 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/74.1.80.
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  - Sacks, F. M., L. P. Svetkey, W. M. Vollmer, L. J. Appel, G. A. Bray, D. Harsha, E. Obarzanek, et al. “Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group.” N Engl J Med 344, no. 1 (January 4, 2001): 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200101043440101.
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  - Conlin, P. R., D. Chow, E. R. Miller, L. P. Svetkey, P. H. Lin, D. W. Harsha, T. J. Moore, F. M. Sacks, and L. J. Appel. “The effect of dietary patterns on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients: results from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial.” Am J Hypertens 13, no. 9 (September 2000): 949–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00284-8.
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  - Appel, L. J., E. R. Miller, S. H. Jee, R. Stolzenberg-Solomon, P. H. Lin, T. Erlinger, M. R. Nadeau, and J. Selhub. “Effect of dietary patterns on serum homocysteine: results of a randomized, controlled feeding study.” Circulation 102, no. 8 (August 22, 2000): 852–57. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.102.8.852.
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  - Harsha, D. W., P. H. Lin, E. Obarzanek, N. M. Karanja, T. J. Moore, and B. Caballero. “Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension: a summary of study results. DASH Collaborative Research Group.” J Am Diet Assoc 99, no. 8 Suppl (August 1999): S35–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00414-9.
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  - Karanja, N. M., E. Obarzanek, P. H. Lin, M. L. McCullough, K. M. Phillips, J. F. Swain, C. M. Champagne, and K. P. Hoben. “Descriptive characteristics of the dietary patterns used in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Trial. DASH Collaborative Research Group.” J Am Diet Assoc 99, no. 8 Suppl (August 1999): S19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00412-5.
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  - Karanja, N. M., M. L. McCullough, S. K. Kumanyika, K. L. Pedula, M. M. Windhauser, E. Obarzanek, P. H. Lin, C. M. Champagne, and J. F. Swain. “Pre-enrollment diets of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial participants. DASH Collaborative Research Group.” J Am Diet Assoc 99, no. 8 Suppl (August 1999): S28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00413-7.
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  - Lin, P. H., M. M. Windhauser, C. S. Plaisted, K. P. Hoben, M. L. McCullough, and E. Obarzanek. “The Linear Index Model for establishing nutrient goals in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial. DASH Collaborative Research Group.” J Am Diet Assoc 99, no. 8 Suppl (August 1999): S40–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00415-0.
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  - McCullough, M. L., N. M. Karanja, P. H. Lin, E. Obarzanek, K. M. Phillips, R. L. Laws, W. M. Vollmer, E. A. O’Connor, C. M. Champagne, and M. M. Windhauser. “Comparison of 4 nutrient databases with chemical composition data from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial. DASH Collaborative Research Group.” J Am Diet Assoc 99, no. 8 Suppl (August 1999): S45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00416-2.
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  - Phillips, K. M., K. K. Stewart, N. M. Karanja, M. M. Windhauser, C. M. Champagne, J. F. Swain, P. H. Lin, and M. A. Evans. “Validation of diet composition for the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial. DASH Collaborative Research Group.” J Am Diet Assoc 99, no. 8 Suppl (August 1999): S60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00418-6.
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  - Plaisted, C. S., P. H. Lin, J. D. Ard, M. L. McClure, and L. P. Svetkey. “The effects of dietary patterns on quality of life: a substudy of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial.” J Am Diet Assoc 99, no. 8 Suppl (August 1999): S84–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00421-6.
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  - Svetkey, L. P., F. M. Sacks, E. Obarzanek, W. M. Vollmer, L. J. Appel, P. H. Lin, N. M. Karanja, et al. “The DASH Diet, Sodium Intake and Blood Pressure Trial (DASH-sodium): rationale and design. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group.” J Am Diet Assoc 99, no. 8 Suppl (August 1999): S96-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00423-x.
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  - Vogt, T. M., L. J. Appel, E. Obarzanek, T. J. Moore, W. M. Vollmer, L. P. Svetkey, F. M. Sacks, et al. “Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension: rationale, design, and methods. DASH Collaborative Research Group.” J Am Diet Assoc 99, no. 8 Suppl (August 1999): S12–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00411-3.
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  - Windhauser, M. M., M. A. Evans, M. L. McCullough, J. F. Swain, P. H. Lin, K. P. Hoben, C. S. Plaisted, N. M. Karanja, and W. M. Vollmer. “Dietary adherence in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial. DASH Collaborative Research Group.” J Am Diet Assoc 99, no. 8 Suppl (August 1999): S76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(99)00420-4.
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  - Sacks, F. M., L. J. Appel, T. J. Moore, E. Obarzanek, W. M. Vollmer, L. P. Svetkey, G. A. Bray, et al. “A dietary approach to prevent hypertension: A review of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) study.” Clinical Cardiology 22, no. 7 SUPPL. (July 14, 1999).
  - Appel, L. J., T. J. Moore, E. Obarzanek, W. M. Vollmer, L. P. Svetkey, F. M. Sacks, G. A. Bray, et al. “A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group.” N Engl J Med 336, no. 16 (April 17, 1997): 1117–24. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199704173361601.
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  - Surwit, R. S., M. N. Feinglos, C. C. McCaskill, S. L. Clay, M. A. Babyak, B. S. Brownlow, C. S. Plaisted, and P. H. Lin. “Metabolic and behavioral effects of a high-sucrose diet during weight loss.” Am J Clin Nutr 65, no. 4 (April 1997): 908–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/65.4.908.
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  - Sacks, F. M., E. Obarzanek, M. M. Windhauser, L. P. Svetkey, W. M. Vollmer, M. McCullough, N. Karanja, P. H. Lin, P. Steele, and M. A. Proschan. “Rationale and design of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension trial (DASH). A multicenter controlled-feeding study of dietary patterns to lower blood pressure.” Ann Epidemiol 5, no. 2 (March 1995): 108–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(94)00055-x.
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  - DiSilvestro, R. A., C. W. Bales, H. Joung, E. Joseph, K. Currie, C. S. Plaisted, A. N. Galanos, and P. Lin. “Effects of moderate zinc depletion and repletion on zinc R values in healthy elderly subjects.” Medical Science Research 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 37.
  - Plaisted, C. S., A. N. Galanos, R. Westlund, P. H. Lin, K. Currie, and C. W. Bales. “Community dwelling elderly are appropriate subjects for intensive dietary choice restriction studies.” J Nutr Elder 14, no. 4 (1995): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1300/J052v14n04_01.
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  - Bales, C. W., R. A. DiSilvestro, K. L. Currie, C. S. Plaisted, H. Joung, A. N. Galanos, and P. H. Lin. “Marginal zinc deficiency in older adults: responsiveness of zinc status indicators.” J Am Coll Nutr 13, no. 5 (October 1994): 455–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1994.10718434.
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  - MCGEE, M., P. LIN, D. FRED, K. CURRIE, C. PIERCE, L. RITTENHOUSE, and C. BALES. “RELATIONSHIPS AMONG IRON INTAKE, MEAT CONSUMPTION, AND IRON (FE) STORES IN AN OLDER ADULT-POPULATION.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 13, no. 5 (October 1, 1994): 538–538.
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  - BALES, C., R. DISILVESTRO, P. LIN, K. CURRIE, C. PLAISTED, A. GALANOS, H. JOUNG, and C. KITHIANIS. “MARGINAL ZINC-DEFICIENCY IN OLDER ADULTS - ZINC STATUS INDICATORS SHOW VARIABLE RESPONSES.” Faseb Journal 8, no. 5 (March 18, 1994): A696–A696.
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  - LIN, P., D. FRID, M. MCGEE, K. CURRIE, C. PIERCE, L. RITTENHOUSE, and C. BALES. “IRON (FE) AND LIPID STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE (CAD) - IRON IS NOT RELATED TO EXTENT OF DISEASE.” Faseb Journal 8, no. 5 (March 18, 1994): A713–A713.
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  - BALES, C. W., K. L. CURRIE, P. LIN, and M. K. DREZNER. “RENAL 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY FOLLOWING UNINEPHRECTOMY IS REDUCED IN AGED C57BL6J MICE.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 7 (August 1, 1992): S169–S169.
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  - Freeland-Graves, J. H., and P. H. Lin. “Plasma uptake of manganese as affected by oral loads of manganese, calcium, milk, phosphorus, copper, and zinc.” J Am Coll Nutr 10, no. 1 (February 1991): 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.1991.10718124.
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  - Freeland-Graves, J. H., F. Behmardi, C. W. Bales, V. Dougherty, P. H. Lin, J. B. Crosby, and P. C. Trickett. “Metabolic balance of manganese in young men consuming diets containing five levels of dietary manganese.” J Nutr 118, no. 6 (June 1988): 764–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/118.6.764.
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  - Blumenthal, James A., Patrick J. Smith, Stephanie Mabe, Alan Hinderliter, Kathleen Welsh-Bohmer, Jeffrey N. Browndyke, Pao-Hwa Lin, et al. “Lifestyle and Neurocognition in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment.” Psychosom Med 79, no. 6 (n.d.): 719–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000474.
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- Book Sections
  - Barrett, Nadine J., Kearston L. Ingraham, Kenisha Bethea, Pao Hwa-Lin, Maritza Chirinos, Laura J. Fish, Schenita Randolph, et al. “Project PLACE: Enhancing community and academic partnerships to describe and address health disparities.,” 146:167–88, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acr.2020.01.009.
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  - Lin, P. H., C. C. Tyson, B. C. Batch, and L. P. Svetkey. “Nutrition, lifestyle, and hypertension.” In Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease, 625–55, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802928-2.00028-X.
    Full Text
  - Lin, P. H., L. P. Svetkey, and P. Conlin. “Overview,” 1–4, 2012.
  - Lin, P. H., and L. Chen. “Macronutrients, dietary patterns, and blood pressure.” In Nutrition, Lifestyle Factors, and Blood Pressure, 5–24, 2012.
- Conference Papers
  - Lin, P. H., C. Plaisted, and D. Rubin. “Comparable diet recall accuracy between dieters and non-dieters participating in feeding studies.” In Faseb Journal, Vol. 10, 1996.

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