Christine Elizabeth Marx

Christine Elizabeth Marx
Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Translational Neuroscience, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences 2016
Chief, Division of Translational Neuroscience, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Translational Neuroscience, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences 2012
Vice Chair for Faculty in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Science Departments 2016
Faculty Network Member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, University Institutes and Centers 2011

Contact Information

Box 3862 Med Ctr, DUMC, Durham, NC 27710
VA Medical Ctr 116 A, 508 Fulton St, Durham, NC 27705
marx0001@mc.duke.edu (919) 286-0411

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- M.D., Duke University 1992
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Translational Neuroscience, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences 2010 - 2015
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Translational Neuroscience, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences 2007 - 2010
- Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Translational Neuroscience, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences 2001 - 2007
Research
Selected Grants
- Neurosteroids and Schizophrenia awarded by National Institutes of Health 2001 - 2007
Fellowships, Supported Research, & Other Grants
- Biomarker Candidates in Gulf War Veterans: A 10-year Follow-up Investigation awarded by VA Merit Award 2018 - 2022
- Neurosteroids in PTSD - Biomarkers to Therapeutics awarded by VA Career Development Award to Steven Szabo, MD 2018 - 2023
- Neurosteroid Intervention in Gulf War Veterans Illnesses (GWVI) awarded by VA Merit Award 2014 - 2017
- Neuroactive Steroids in OEF/OIF Veterans with TBI awarded by VA Merit Award 2011 - 2016
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Conference Papers
  - Morey, RA, Haswell, CC, Li, W, Bealll, SK, Fox, CR, Marx, CE, and Liu, C. "Assessment of Myelin Compromise in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping." May 1, 2015. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE. "Neurosteroids as Novel Therapeutics and Biomarker Candidates in Schizophrenia and PTSD." December 2013. Link to Item
  - Wong, P, Chang, CCR, Marx, CE, Caron, MG, Wetsel, WC, and Zhang, X. "Pregnenolone Rescues Schizophrenia-Like Behavior in Dopamine Transporter Knockout Mice." May 1, 2013. Link to Item
  - Sripada, RK, Marx, CE, King, AP, Rampton, J, Ho, S, and Liberzon, I. "Neuroactive Steroids Enhance Activation of Emotion Regulation Brain Circuits." April 15, 2012. Link to Item
  - Ben Dor, R, Marx, CE, Rubinow, DR, and Schmidt, PJ. "Plasma Levels of the Neurosteroid Androsterone Increase after DHEA Therapy and Are Associated with Changes in Mood and Sexual Functioning in a Sexually Dimorphic Manner." June 2010. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE. "Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial with Pregnenolone in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury." May 1, 2010. Link to Item
  - Eggleston, AM, McDonald, SD, Calhoun, PS, Beckham, JC, Straits-Troster, K, Marx, CE, Morey, RA, and Workgrp, OIFOEFR. "Alcohol use among OEF-OIF veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder." June 2008. Link to Item
  - Nayllor, JC, Payne, VM, Calhoun, PS, Morey, RA, Beckham, JC, Tupler, LA, Duncan, GE, Shampine, LJ, Kilts, JD, and Marx, CE. "L-serine predicts self-reported pain in female OEF/OIF veterans." April 1, 2008. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Keefe, RS, Leimone, LA, Hamer, RM, Bradford, DW, Dunn, L, Payne, VM, Naylor, JC, Savitz, AJ, Strauss, JL, Lieberman, JA, and Shampine, LJ. "Proof-of-concept trial with the neurosterold pregnenolone targeting neurocognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia." April 15, 2007. Link to Item
  - Naylor, JC, Payne, VM, Hulette, CM, Shampine, LJ, Stevens, RD, Ervin, JF, Massing, MW, Lieberman, JA, Blazer, DG, Steffens, DC, and Marx, CE. "Cerebrospinal fluid DHEA levels are elevated in Alzheimer's disease, related to neuropathological disease stage, and correlated with brain DHEA levels." April 15, 2007. Link to Item
  - Payne, VM, Morey, RA, Hamer, RM, Tupler, LA, Calhoun, PS, Beckham, JC, Shampine, LJ, Naylor, JC, Strauss, JL, Calnaido, RP, Massing, MW, Connor, KM, Davidson, JRT, and Marx, CE. "Neuroactive steroids are related to psychiatric symptoms in veterans returning from iraq and Afghanistan." April 15, 2007. Link to Item
  - Bradford, DW, Shampine, LJ, Harris, VP, Naylor, JC, Massing, MW, Lieberman, JA, Morrow, AL, and Marx, CE. "Pregnenolone reductions in parietal cortex are associated with suicide in patients with schizophrenia." March 2007. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Shampine, LJ, Duncan, GE, VanDoren, MJ, Grobin, AC, Massing, MW, Madison, RD, Bradford, DW, Butterfield, MI, Lieberman, JA, and Morrow, AL. "Clozapine increases the neurosteroid pregnenolone in rat hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and serum: Relevance to superior efficacy?." March 2007. Link to Item
  - Bradford, DW, Shampine, LJ, Harris, VP, Naylor, JC, Massing, MW, Lieberman, JA, Morrow, AL, and Marx, CE. "Pregnenolone alterations in parietat cortex are associated with death by suicide in patients with schizophrenia." December 2006. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Shampine, LJ, Duncan, GE, VanDoren, MJ, Grobin, AC, Massing, MW, Madison, RD, Bradford, DW, Butterfield, MI, Lieberman, JA, and Morrow, AL. "Clozapine markedly elevates pregnenolone in rat hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and serum: Candidate mechanism for superior efficacy?." December 2006. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE. "Neurosteroids as candidate modulators of pathophysiology in Alzheimer's disease and nicotine dependence." April 15, 2006. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Steffens, DC, Blazer, DG, Butterfield, MI, Hulette, C, Ervin, J, Lieberman, JA, and Shampine, LJ. "Deficit in the GABAergic neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone in Alzheimer's dementia and relevance to neuropathological disease stage: Investigations in temporal cortex." December 2005. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Shampine, LJ, Stevens, RD, Morrow, AL, Uzunova, V, William, TT, Hamer, RM, and Lieberman, JA. "Neuroactive steroid alterations in posterior cingulate and parietal cortex in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Potential gender specificity." April 15, 2005. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Yuan, PX, Shampine, LJ, and Manji, HK. "Neuroactive steroids, mood stabilizers, and neuroplasticity: Alterations following lithium and changes in Bcl-2 knockout mice." April 15, 2005. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE. "Neuroactive steroids in schizophrenia, PTSD, and Alzheimer's disease: Relevance to pathophysiology and treatment." April 15, 2005. Link to Item
  - Trost, WT, Shampine, LJ, Hulette, C, Steffens, DC, Lieberman, JA, Blazer, DG, and Marx, CE. "Neuroactive steroids and neurodegenerative disorders: Investigations in subjects with Alzheimer's and relevance to neuropathological disease stage." April 15, 2005. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Shampine, LJ, Stevens, RD, Morrow, AL, Uzunova, V, Trost, WT, Hamer, RM, and Lieberman, JA. "Neuroactive steroid alterations in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Negative ion chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry investigations in posterior cingulate and parietal cortex." April 2005. Link to Item
  - Trost, WT, Khisti, R, Shampine, LJ, Lieberman, JA, Parke, G, Morrow, AL, and Marx, CE. "Olanzapine and fluoxetine effects on hippocampal pregnenolone and peripheral deoxycorticosterone: Relevance to therapeutic efficacy." April 2005. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Shampine, LJ, Stevens, RD, Trost, WT, Morrow, AL, Hamer, RM, and Lieberman, JA. "Neuroactive steroid alterations in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A negative ion chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry investigation in posterior cingulate." December 2004. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Trost, WT, Behm, FM, Massing, MW, Butterfield, MI, and Rose, JE. "The neuroactive steroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) predicts nicotine dependence severity." December 2004. Link to Item
  - Trost, WT, Shampine, LJ, Hulette, C, Steffens, DC, Lieberman, JA, Blazer, DG, and Marx, CE. "Neuroactive steroids in Alzheimer's disease: Investigations in prefrontal cortex." December 2004. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Trost, WT, Shampine, LJ, Lieberman, JA, Morrow, AL, and Thakore, JH. "Neuroactive steroids in schizophrenia: Relevance to symptoms and therapeutics." April 15, 2004. Link to Item
  - Wang, CJ, Moore, SD, Morrow, AL, Lieberman, JA, Wilson, WA, and Marx, CE. "Neurosteroid modulation of GABAergic neurotransmission in the central amygdala." March 15, 2003. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Barbaccia, ML, Guidotti, A, Rupprecht, R, and Morrow, AL. "Neurosteroids and pharmacological treatment strategies in schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety disorders." April 15, 2002. Link to Item
- Journal Articles
  - Mirzaalian, H, Ning, L, Savadjiev, P, Pasternak, O, Bouix, S, Michailovich, O, Karmacharya, S, Grant, G, Marx, CE, Morey, RA, Flashman, LA, George, MS, McAllister, TW, Andaluz, N, Shutter, L, Coimbra, R, Zafonte, RD, Coleman, MJ, Kubicki, M, Westin, C-F, Stein, MB, Shenton, ME, and Rathi, Y. "Multi-site harmonization of diffusion MRI data in a registration framework." Brain imaging and behavior 12, no. 1 (February 2018): 284-295. Full Text
  - Mason, BL, Van Enkevort, E, Filbey, F, Marx, CE, Park, J, Nakamura, A, Sunderajan, P, and Brown, ES. "Neurosteroid Levels in Patients With Bipolar Disorder and a History of Cannabis Use Disorders." Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 37, no. 6 (December 2017): 684-688. Full Text
  - Morey, RA, Davis, SL, Garrett, ME, Haswell, CC, Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Workgroup, , Marx, CE, Beckham, JC, McCarthy, G, Hauser, MA, and Ashley-Koch, AE. "Genome-wide association study of subcortical brain volume in PTSD cases and trauma-exposed controls." Translational psychiatry 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 1265-. Full Text
  - Martindale, SL, Farrell-Carnahan, LV, Ulmer, CS, Kimbrel, NA, McDonald, SD, Rowland, JA, and VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Registry Workgroup, . "Sleep quality in returning veterans: The influence of mild traumatic brain injury." Rehabilitation psychology 62, no. 4 (November 2017): 563-570. Full Text
  - Brancu, M, Wagner, HR, Morey, RA, Beckham, JC, Calhoun, PS, Tupler, LA, Marx, CE, Taber, KH, Hurley, RA, Rowland, J, McDonald, SD, Hoerle, JM, Moore, SD, Kudler, HS, Weiner, RD, VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Workgroup, , and Fairbank, JA. "The Post-Deployment Mental Health (PDMH) study and repository: A multi-site study of US Afghanistan and Iraq era veterans." International journal of methods in psychiatric research 26, no. 3 (September 2017). Full Text
  - Naylor, JC, Ryan Wagner, H, Brancu, M, Shepherd-Banigan, M, Elbogen, E, Kelley, M, Fecteau, T, Goldstein, K, Kimbrel, NA, Marx, CE, VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Work Group, , VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Women Veterans Work Group, , and Strauss, JL. "Self-Reported Pain in Male and Female Iraq/Afghanistan-Era Veterans: Associations with Psychiatric Symptoms and Functioning." Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) 18, no. 9 (September 2017): 1658-1667. Full Text
  - Roberge, EM, Benedek, DM, Marx, CE, Rasmusson, AM, and Lang, AJ. "Analysis of recruitment strategies: Enrolling veterans with PTSD into a clinical trial." Military Psychology 29, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 407-417. Full Text
  - Rasmusson, AM, Marx, CE, Jain, S, Farfel, GM, Tsai, J, Sun, X, Geracioti, TD, Hamner, MB, Lohr, J, Rosse, R, Summerall, L, Naylor, JC, Cusin, C, Lang, AJ, Raman, R, and Stein, MB. "A randomized controlled trial of ganaxolone in posttraumatic stress disorder." Psychopharmacology 234, no. 15 (August 2017): 2245-2257. Full Text
  - Lepage, C, de Pierrefeu, A, Koerte, IK, Coleman, MJ, Pasternak, O, Grant, G, Marx, CE, Morey, RA, Flashman, LA, George, MS, McAllister, TW, Andaluz, N, Shutter, L, Coimbra, R, Zafonte, RD, Stein, MB, Shenton, ME, and Bouix, S. "White matter abnormalities in mild traumatic brain injury with and without post-traumatic stress disorder: a subject-specific diffusion tensor imaging study." Brain imaging and behavior (July 5, 2017). Full Text
  - Rasmusson, AM, Marx, CE, Pineles, SL, Locci, A, Scioli-Salter, ER, Nillni, YI, Liang, JJ, and Pinna, G. "Neuroactive steroids and PTSD treatment." Neuroscience letters 649 (May 2017): 156-163. (Review) Full Text
  - Servatius, RJ, Handy, JD, Doria, MJ, Myers, CE, Marx, CE, Lipsky, R, Ko, N, Avcu, P, Wright, WG, and Tsao, JW. "Stress-Related Mental Health Symptoms in Coast Guard: Incidence, Vulnerability, and Neurocognitive Performance." Frontiers in psychology 8 (January 2017): 1513-. Full Text
  - Servatius, RJ, Marx, CE, Sinha, S, Avcu, P, Kilts, JD, Naylor, JC, and Pang, KCH. "Brain and Serum Androsterone Is Elevated in Response to Stress in Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury." FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE 10 (August 26, 2016). Full Text Link to Item
  - Mirzaalian, H, Ning, L, Savadjiev, P, Pasternak, O, Bouix, S, Michailovich, O, Grant, G, Marx, CE, Morey, RA, Flashman, LA, George, MS, McAllister, TW, Andaluz, N, Shutter, L, Coimbra, R, Zafonte, RD, Coleman, MJ, Kubicki, M, Westin, CF, Stein, MB, Shenton, ME, and Rathi, Y. "Inter-site and inter-scanner diffusion MRI data harmonization." NeuroImage 135 (July 2016): 311-323. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Schry, AR, Beckham, JC, The Va Mid-Atlantic Mirecc Workgroup, , and Calhoun, PS. "Sexual revictimization among Iraq and Afghanistan war era veterans." Psychiatry research 240 (June 2016): 406-411. Full Text
  - Naylor, JC, Kilts, JD, Strauss, JL, Szabo, ST, Dunn, CE, Wagner, HR, Hamer, RM, Shampine, LJ, Zanga, JR, Marx, CE, Department of Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and and Clinical Center Workgroup, . "An exploratory pilot investigation of neurosteroids and self-reported pain in female Iraq/Afghanistan-era Veterans." Journal of rehabilitation research and development 53, no. 4 (January 2016): 499-510. Full Text
  - Naylor, JC, Kilts, JD, Szabo, ST, Dunn, CE, Keefe, FJ, Tupler, LA, Shampine, LJ, Morey, RA, Strauss, JL, Hamer, RM, Wagner, HR, MIRECC Workgroup, , and Marx, CE. "Allopregnanolone Levels Are Inversely Associated with Self-Reported Pain Symptoms in U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan-Era Veterans: Implications for Biomarkers and Therapeutics." Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) 17, no. 1 (January 2016): 25-32. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Scioli-Salter, E, Forman, DE, Otis, JD, Tun, C, Allsup, K, Marx, CE, Hauger, RL, Shipherd, JC, Higgins, D, Tyzik, A, and Rasmusson, AM. "Potential neurobiological benefits of exercise in chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder: Pilot study." Journal of rehabilitation research and development 53, no. 1 (January 2016): 95-106. Full Text
  - Servatius, RJ, Marx, CE, Sinha, S, Avcu, P, Kilts, JD, Naylor, JC, and Pang, KCH. "Brain and Serum Androsterone Is Elevated in Response to Stress in Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury." Frontiers in neuroscience 10 (January 2016): 379-. Full Text
  - Morey, RA, Dunsmoor, JE, Haswell, CC, Brown, VM, Vora, A, Weiner, J, Stjepanovic, D, Wagner, HR, VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Workgroup, , and LaBar, KS. "Fear learning circuitry is biased toward generalization of fear associations in posttraumatic stress disorder." Translational psychiatry 5 (December 15, 2015): e700-. Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Schry, AR, Hibberd, R, Wagner, HR, Turchik, JA, Kimbrel, NA, Wong, M, Elbogen, EE, Strauss, JL, Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center Workgroup, , and Brancu, M. "Functional correlates of military sexual assault in male veterans." Psychol Serv 12, no. 4 (November 2015): 384-393. Full Text Link to Item
  - Ben Dor, R, Marx, CE, Shampine, LJ, Rubinow, DR, and Schmidt, PJ. "Erratum to: DHEA metabolism to the neurosteroid androsterone: a possible mechanism of DHEA's antidepressant action." Psychopharmacology 232, no. 19 (October 2015): 3683-. Full Text
  - Ben Dor, R, Marx, CE, Shampine, LJ, Rubinow, DR, and Schmidt, PJ. "DHEA metabolism to the neurosteroid androsterone: a possible mechanism of DHEA's antidepressant action." Psychopharmacology 232, no. 18 (September 2015): 3375-3383. Full Text
  - Kimbrel, NA, Garrett, ME, Dennis, MF, Liu, Y, Patanam, I, Workgroup, VM-AM, Ashley-Koch, AE, Hauser, MA, and Beckham, JC. "Effect of genetic variation in the nicotinic receptor genes on risk for posttraumatic stress disorder." Psychiatry research 229, no. 1-2 (September 2015): 326-331. Full Text
  - Kelley, ML, Brancu, M, Robbins, AT, D'Lima, GM, Strauss, JL, Curry, JF, Fairbank, JA, Runnals, J, VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Women Veterans Workgroup, and VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Workgroup, . "Drug use and childhood-, military- and post-military trauma exposure among women and men veterans." Drug and alcohol dependence 152 (July 2015): 201-208. Full Text
  - Naylor, JC, Kilts, JD, Bradford, DW, Strauss, JL, Capehart, BP, Szabo, ST, Smith, KD, Dunn, CE, Conner, KM, Davidson, JRT, Wagner, HR, Hamer, RM, and Marx, CE. "A pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive aripiprazole for chronic PTSD in US military Veterans resistant to antidepressant treatment." International clinical psychopharmacology 30, no. 3 (May 2015): 167-174. Full Text
  - Naylor, JC, Kilts, JD, Bradford, DW, Strauss, JL, Capehart, BP, Szabo, ST, Smith, KD, Dunn, CE, Conner, KM, Davidson, JRT, Wagner, HR, Hamer, RM, and Marx, CE. "A pilot randomized placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive aripiprazole for chronic PTSD in US military Veterans resistant to antidepressant treatment." International Clinical Psychopharmacology 30, no. 3 (April 14, 2015): 167-174. Full Text
  - Youssef, NA, Bradford, DW, Kilts, JD, Szabo, ST, Naylor, JC, Allen, TB, Strauss, JL, Hamer, RM, Brancu, M, Shampine, LJ, and Marx, CE. "Exploratory investigation of biomarker candidates for suicide in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder." Crisis 36, no. 1 (January 2015): 46-54. Full Text
  - Gentes, EL, Dennis, PA, Kimbrel, NA, Rissling, MB, Beckham, JC, VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Workgroup, , and Calhoun, PS. "DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder: factor structure and rates of diagnosis." Journal of psychiatric research 59 (December 2014): 60-67. Full Text
  - Kimbrel, NA, Calhoun, PS, Elbogen, EB, Brancu, M, VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Registry Workgroup, , and Beckham, JC. "The factor structure of psychiatric comorbidity among Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans and its relationship to violence, incarceration, suicide attempts, and suicidality." Psychiatry research 220, no. 1-2 (December 2014): 397-403. Full Text
  - Brown, ES, Park, J, Marx, CE, Hynan, LS, Gardner, C, Davila, D, Nakamura, A, Sunderajan, P, Lo, A, and Holmes, T. "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pregnenolone for bipolar depression." Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 39, no. 12 (November 2014): 2867-2873. Full Text
  - Guffanti, G, Ashley-Koch, AE, Roberts, AL, Garrett, ME, Solovieff, N, Ratanatharathorn, A, De Vivo, I, Dennis, M, Ranu, H, Smoller, JW, Liu, Y, Purcell, SM, Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, , Beckham, J, Hauser, MA, and Koenen, KC. "No association between RORA polymorphisms and PTSD in two independent samples." Molecular psychiatry 19, no. 10 (October 2014): 1056-1057. Full Text
  - Marx, CE, Lee, J, Subramaniam, M, Rapisarda, A, Bautista, DCT, Chan, E, Kilts, JD, Buchanan, RW, Wai, EP, Verma, S, Sim, K, Hariram, J, Jacob, R, Keefe, RSE, and Chong, SA. "Proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of pregnenolone in schizophrenia." Psychopharmacology 231, no. 17 (September 2014): 3647-3662. Full Text
  - Marx, CE, Lee, J, Subramaniam, M, Rapisarda, A, Bautista, DCT, Chan, E, Kilts, JD, Buchanan, RW, Wai, EP, Verma, S, Sim, K, Hariram, J, Jacob, R, Keefe, RSE, and Chong, SA. "Proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of pregnenolone in schizophrenia." Psychopharmacology 231, no. 17 (September 1, 2014): 3647-3662. Full Text
  - Naylor, JC, Borckardt, JJ, Marx, CE, Hamer, RM, Fredrich, S, Reeves, ST, and George, MS. "Cathodal and anodal left prefrontal tDCS and the perception of control over pain." Clin J Pain 30, no. 8 (August 2014): 693-700. Full Text Link to Item
  - Brancu, M, Thompson, NVL, Beckham, JC, Green, KT, Calhoun, PS, Elbogen, EB, Robbins, AT, Fairbank, JA, Wagner, HR, Brooks, A, Hoerle, JM, Kudler, H, Marx, CE, Moore, S, Morey, R, Kristy, AST, Strauss, JL, Tupler, LA, Weiner, RD, Fernandez, A, Pickett, T, McDonald, SD, McGuire, HH, Hurley, R, Taber, KH, RuthYoash-Gantz, , Miller, M, and SarahIngle, . "The impact of social support on psychological distress for U.S. Afghanistan/Iraq era veterans with PTSD and other psychiatric diagnoses." Psychiatry Research 217, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2014): 86-92. Full Text
  - Szabo, ST, Kilts, JD, Naylor, JC, Youssef, NA, Strauss, JL, Morey, RA, Brancu, M, Hamer, RM, Bradford, DW, VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Work Group, , and Marx, CE. "Amino acids as biomarker candidates for suicidality in male OEF/OIF Veterans: relevance to NMDA receptor modulation and nitric oxide signaling." Military medicine 179, no. 5 (May 2014): 486-491. Full Text
  - Brown, ES, Park, J, Marx, CE, Hynan, LS, Gardner, C, Davila, D, Nakamura, A, Sunderajan, P, Lo, A, and Holmes, T. "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pregnenolone for bipolar depression." Neuropsychopharmacology 39, no. 12 (2014): 2867-2873. Full Text
  - Brown, VM, LaBar, KS, Haswell, CC, Gold, AL, Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Workgroup, , McCarthy, G, and Morey, RA. "Altered resting-state functional connectivity of basolateral and centromedial amygdala complexes in posttraumatic stress disorder." Neuropsychopharmacology 39, no. 2 (January 2014): 351-359. Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Diaz-Arrastia, R, Kochanek, PM, Bergold, P, Kenney, K, Marx, CE, Grimes, CJB, Loh, LTCY, Adam, LTCGE, Oskvig, D, Curley, KC, and Salzer, W. "Pharmacotherapy of traumatic brain injury: state of the science and the road forward: report of the Department of Defense Neurotrauma Pharmacology Workgroup." Journal of neurotrauma 31, no. 2 (January 2014): 135-158. (Review) Full Text
  - Kimbrel, NA, Calhoun, PS, Elbogen, EB, Brancu, M, Beckham, JC, Green, KT, Kirby, AC, Dennis, MF, Hoerle, J, Wagner, HR, Runnals, J, Van Voorhees, E, Fairbank, JA, Moore, SD, Weiner, RD, Straits-Troster, K, Tupler, LA, Marx, CE, Morey, RA, Miller-Mumford, M, McDonald, SD, Taber, KH, Yoash-Gantz, RE, and Hurley, RA. "The factor structure of psychiatric comorbidity among Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans and its relationship to violence, incarceration, suicide attempts, and suicidality." Psychiatry Research 220, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2014): 397-403. Full Text
  - Naylor, JC, Borckardt, JJ, Marx, CE, Hamer, RM, Fredrich, S, Reeves, ST, and George, MS. "Cathodal and anodal left prefrontal tDCS and the perception of control over pain." Clinical Journal of Pain 30, no. 8 (2014): 693-700. Full Text
  - Sripada, RK, Welsh, RC, Marx, CE, and Liberzon, I. "The neurosteroids allopregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone modulate resting-state amygdala connectivity." Human Brain Mapping 35, no. 7 (January 1, 2014): 3249-3261. Full Text
  - Morey, RA, Haswell, CC, Selgrade, ES, Massoglia, D, Liu, C, Weiner, J, Marx, CE, Cernak, I, Mccarthy, G, Taber, KH, Hurley, R, Hayes, JP, Nasser, JD, Seth, S, Beall, SK, Beckham, JC, Tupler, LA, Weiner, R, Fairbank, J, Calhoun, PS, Green, KT, Brancu, M, Hoerle, JM, Pender, M, Strauss, JL, Kudler, H, Eggleston, AM, Guerra, VS, Payne, V, McDonald, SD, Van Voorhees, E, and Davison, R. "Effects of chronic mild traumatic brain injury on white matter integrity in iraq and afghanistan war veterans." Human Brain Mapping 34, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 2986-2999. Full Text
  - Morey, RA, Haswell, CC, Selgrade, ES, Massoglia, D, Liu, C, Weiner, J, Marx, CE, MIRECC Work Group, , Cernak, I, and McCarthy, G. "Effects of chronic mild traumatic brain injury on white matter integrity in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans." Hum Brain Mapp 34, no. 11 (November 2013): 2986-2999. Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Strauss, JL, Zervakis, JB, Stechuchak, KM, Olsen, MK, Swanson, J, Swartz, MS, Weinberger, M, Marx, CE, Calhoun, PS, Bradford, DW, Butterfield, MI, and Oddone, EZ. "Adverse impact of coercive treatments on psychiatric inpatients' satisfaction with care." Community Ment Health J 49, no. 4 (August 2013): 457-465. Full Text Link to Item
  - Swinkels, CM, Ulmer, CS, Beckham, JC, Buse, N, Calhoun, PS, and Wo, VAM-AMIRECCR. "The Association of Sleep Duration, Mental Health, and Health Risk Behaviors among U.S. Afghanistan/Iraq Era Veterans." SLEEP 36, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 1019-1025. Full Text Link to Item
  - Naylor, JC, Dolber, TR, Strauss, JL, Kilts, JD, Strauman, TJ, Bradford, DW, Szabo, ST, Youssef, NA, Connor, KM, Davidson, JRT, and Marx, CE. "A pilot randomized controlled trial with paroxetine for subthreshold PTSD in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom era veterans." Psychiatry research 206, no. 2-3 (January 1, 2013): 318-320.
  - Sripada, RK, Marx, CE, King, AP, Rajaram, N, Garfinkel, SN, Abelson, JL, and Liberzon, I. "DHEA Enhances Emotion Regulation Neurocircuits and Modulates Memory for Emotional Stimuli." Neuropsychopharmacology (2013). Full Text
  - Sripada, RK, Marx, CE, King, AP, Rajaram, N, Garfinkel, SN, Abelson, JL, and Liberzon, I. "DHEA enhances emotion regulation neurocircuits and modulates memory for emotional stimuli." Neuropsychopharmacology 38, no. 9 (2013): 1798-1807. Full Text
  - Sripada, RK, Marx, CE, King, AP, Rampton, JC, Ho, SS, and Liberzon, I. "Allopregnanolone Elevations Following Pregnenolone Administration Are Associated with Enhanced Activation of Emotion Regulation Neurocircuits." Biological Psychiatry (2013). Full Text
  - Sripada, RK, Marx, CE, King, AP, Rampton, JC, Ho, SS, and Liberzon, I. "Allopregnanolone elevations following pregnenolone administration are associated with enhanced activation of emotion regulation neurocircuits." Biological Psychiatry 73, no. 11 (2013): 1045-1053. Full Text
  - Sripada, RK, Welsh, RC, Marx, CE, and Liberzon, I. "The neurosteroids allopregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone modulate resting-state amygdala connectivity." Human Brain Mapping (2013).
  - Strauss, JL, Zervakis, JB, Stechuchak, KM, Olsen, MK, Swanson, J, Swartz, MS, Weinberger, M, Marx, CE, Calhoun, PS, Bradford, DW, Butterfield, MI, and Oddone, EZ. "Adverse impact of coercive treatments on psychiatric inpatients' satisfaction with care." Community Mental Health Journal 49, no. 4 (2013): 457-465. Full Text
  - Naylor, JC, Dolber, TR, Strauss, JL, Kilts, JD, Strauman, TJ, Bradford, DW, Szabo, ST, Youssef, NA, Connor, KM, Davidson, JRT, and Marx, CE. "A pilot randomized controlled trial with paroxetine for subthreshold PTSD in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom era veterans (Accepted)." Psychiatry Research (December 31, 2012). Full Text
  - Youssef, NA, Marx, CE, Bradford, DW, Zinn, S, Hertzberg, MA, Kilts, JD, Naylor, JC, Butterfield, MI, and Strauss, JL. "An open-label pilot study of aripiprazole for male and female veterans with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder who respond suboptimally to antidepressants." Int Clin Psychopharmacol 27, no. 4 (July 2012): 191-196. Full Text Link to Item
  - Naylor, JC, Dolber, TR, Strauss, JL, Kilts, JD, Strauman, TJ, Bradford, DW, Szabo, ST, Youssef, NA, Connor, KM, Davidson, JRT, and Marx, CE. "A pilot randomized controlled trial with paroxetine for subthreshold PTSD in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom era veterans." Psychiatry Research (2012). Full Text Open Access Copy
  - Wong, P, Chang, CCR, Marx, CE, Caron, MG, Wetsel, WC, and Zhang, X. "Pregnenolone rescues schizophrenia-like behavior in dopamine transporter knockout mice." PLoS One 7, no. 12 (2012): e51455-. Full Text Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Bradford, DW, Hamer, RM, Naylor, JC, Allen, TB, Lieberman, JA, Strauss, JL, and Kilts, JD. "Pregnenolone as a novel therapeutic candidate in schizophrenia: emerging preclinical and clinical evidence." Neuroscience 191 (September 15, 2011): 78-90. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Youssef, NA, Ege, M, Angly, SS, Strauss, JL, and Marx, CE. "Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with ADHD?." Ann Clin Psychiatry 23, no. 3 (August 2011): 213-224. (Review) Link to Item
  - Chong, S-A, Campbell, A, Chee, M, Liu, J, Marx, C, Mcgorry, P, Subramaniam, M, Yung, A, and Keefe, RSE. "The Singapore flagship programme in translational and clinical research in psychosis." Early Intervention in Psychiatry 5, no. 4 (2011): 290-300. Full Text
  - Strauss, JL, Marx, CE, Weitlauf, JC, Stechuchak, KM, Straits-Troster, K, Worjoloh, AW, Sherrod, CB, Olsen, MK, Butterfield, MI, and Calhoun, PS. "Is military sexual trauma associated with trading sex among women veterans seeking outpatient mental health care?." J Trauma Dissociation 12, no. 3 (2011): 290-304. Full Text Link to Item
  - Strauss, JL, Guerra, VS, Marx, CE, Meade Eggleston, A, and Calhoun, PS. "Adherence and psychotherapy." (December 1, 2010): 215-240. (Chapter) Full Text
  - Kilts, JD, Tupler, LA, Keefe, FJ, Payne, VM, Hamer, RM, Naylor, JC, Calnaido, RP, Morey, RA, Strauss, JL, Parke, G, Massing, MW, Youssef, NA, Shampine, LJ, tVeterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center Workgroup, , and Marx, CE. "Neurosteroids and self-reported pain in veterans who served in the U.S. Military after September 11, 2001." Pain Med 11, no. 10 (October 2010): 1469-1476. Full Text Link to Item
  - Elbogen, EB, Wagner, HR, Fuller, SR, Calhoun, PS, Kinneer, PM, Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, , and Beckham, JC. "Correlates of anger and hostility in Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans." Am J Psychiatry 167, no. 9 (September 2010): 1051-1058. Full Text Link to Item
  - Naylor, JC, Kilts, JD, Hulette, CM, Steffens, DC, Blazer, DG, Ervin, JF, Strauss, JL, Allen, TB, Massing, MW, Payne, VM, Youssef, NA, Shampine, LJ, and Marx, CE. "Allopregnanolone levels are reduced in temporal cortex in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to cognitively intact control subjects." Biochim Biophys Acta 1801, no. 8 (August 2010): 951-959. Full Text Link to Item
  - Strauss, JL, Calhoun, PS, and Marx, CE. "Guided imagery as a therapeutic tool in post-traumatic stress disorder." (December 1, 2009): 363-373. (Chapter) Full Text
  - Marx, CE, Keefe, RSE, Buchanan, RW, Hamer, RM, Kilts, JD, Bradford, DW, Strauss, JL, Naylor, JC, Payne, VM, Lieberman, JA, Savitz, AJ, Leimone, LA, Dunn, L, Porcu, P, Morrow, AL, and Shampine, LJ. "Proof-of-concept trial with the neurosteroid pregnenolone targeting cognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia." Neuropsychopharmacology 34, no. 8 (July 2009): 1885-1903. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dedert, EA, Green, KT, Calhoun, PS, Yoash-Gantz, R, Taber, KH, Mumford, MM, Tupler, LA, Morey, RA, Marx, CE, Weiner, RD, and Beckham, JC. "Association of trauma exposure with psychiatric morbidity in military veterans who have served since September 11, 2001." J Psychiatr Res 43, no. 9 (June 2009): 830-836. Full Text Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Keefe, RS, Payne, VM, Kilts, JD, Strauss, JL, Naylor, JC, Hamer, RM, Buchanan, RW, Lieberman, JA, Shampine, LJ, and Massing, MW. "NEUROSTEROIDS AS NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AGENTS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND PTSD." SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN 35 (March 2009): 368-368. Link to Item
  - Chong, S-A, Ong, YY, Subramaniam, M, Abdin, E, Marx, CE, and Campbell, AV. "An assessment of the understanding and motivations of patients with schizophrenia about participating in a clinical trial." Contemporary Clinical Trials 30, no. 5 (2009): 446-450. Full Text
  - Porcu, P, O'Buckley, TK, Alward, SE, Marx, CE, Shampine, LJ, Girdler, SS, and Morrow, AL. "Simultaneous quantification of GABAergic 3α,5α/3α,5β neuroactive steroids in human and rat serum." Steroids 74, no. 4-5 (2009): 463-473. Full Text
  - Payne, VM, Kilts, JD, Naylor, JC, Strauss, JL, Calhoun, PS, Madison, RD, and Marx, CE. "Allopregnanolone and pregnenolone alterations following pharmacological agents in rodents and clinic populations." (December 1, 2008): 369-383. (Chapter) Full Text
  - Bradford, DW, Kim, MM, Braxton, LE, Marx, CE, Butterfield, M, and Elbogen, EB. "Access to medical care among persons with psychotic and major affective disorders." Psychiatr Serv 59, no. 8 (August 2008): 847-852. Full Text Link to Item
  - Naylor, JC, Hulette, CM, Steffens, DC, Shampine, LJ, Ervin, JF, Payne, VM, Massing, MW, Kilts, JD, Strauss, JL, Calhoun, PS, Calnaido, RP, Blazer, DG, Lieberman, JA, Madison, RD, and Marx, CE. "Cerebrospinal fluid dehydroepiandrosterone levels are correlated with brain dehydroepiandrosterone levels, elevated in Alzheimer's disease, and related to neuropathological disease stage." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93, no. 8 (August 2008): 3173-3178. Full Text Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Yuan, P, Kilts, JD, Madison, RD, Shampine, LJ, and Manji, HK. "Neuroactive steroids, mood stabilizers, and neuroplasticity: alterations following lithium and changes in Bcl-2 knockout mice." Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 11, no. 4 (June 2008): 547-552. Full Text Link to Item
  - McDonald, SD, Beckham, JC, Morey, R, Marx, C, Tupler, LA, and Calhoun, PS. "Factorial invariance of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms across three veteran samples." J Trauma Stress 21, no. 3 (June 2008): 309-317. Full Text Link to Item
  - Lieberman, JA, Bymaster, FP, Meltzer, HY, Deutch, AY, Duncan, GE, Marx, CE, Aprille, JR, Dwyer, DS, Li, X-M, Mahadik, SP, Duman, RS, Porter, JH, Modica-Napolitano, JS, Newton, SS, and Csernansky, JG. "Antipsychotic drugs: Comparison in animal models of efficacy, neurotransmitter regulation, and neuroprotection." Pharmacological Reviews 60, no. 3 (2008): 358-403. Full Text
  - Lieberman, JA, Bymaster, FP, Meltzer, HY, Deutch, AY, Duncan, GE, Marx, CE, Aprille, JR, Dwyer, DS, Li, XM, Mahadik, SP, Duman, RS, Porter, JH, Modica-Napolitano, JS, Newton, SS, and Csernansky, JG. "Antipsychotic drugs: Comparison in animal models of efficacy, neurotransmitter regulation, and neuroprotection (Pharmacological Reviews (2002) 60, (358-403))." Pharmacological Reviews 60, no. 4 (2008): 582--.
  - Wang, C, Marx, CE, Morrow, AL, Wilson, WA, and Moore, SD. "Neurosteroid modulation of GABAergic neurotransmission in the central amygdala: a role for NMDA receptors." Neurosci Lett 415, no. 2 (March 26, 2007): 118-123. Full Text Link to Item
  - Calhoun, PS, Stechuchak, KM, Strauss, J, Bosworth, HB, Marx, CE, and Butterfield, MI. "Interpersonal trauma, war zone exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans with schizophrenia." Schizophr Res 91, no. 1-3 (March 2007): 210-216. Full Text Link to Item
  - Massing, MW, Misiurek, J, Chadaram, SR, Marx, CE, and Madison, R. "New developments in proteomics." N C Med J 68, no. 2 (March 2007): 119-122. Link to Item
  - Marx, C. "Sexuality and commitment." Sexologies 16, no. 1 (2007): 53-59. Full Text
  - Marx, CE, Trost, WT, Shampine, LJ, Stevens, RD, Hulette, CM, Steffens, DC, Ervin, JF, Butterfield, MI, Blazer, DG, Massing, MW, and Lieberman, JA. "The neurosteroid allopregnanolone is reduced in prefrontal cortex in Alzheimer's disease." Biol Psychiatry 60, no. 12 (December 15, 2006): 1287-1294. Full Text Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Shampine, LJ, Duncan, GE, VanDoren, MJ, Grobin, AC, Massing, MW, Madison, RD, Bradford, DW, Butterfield, MI, Lieberman, JA, and Morrow, AL. "Clozapine markedly elevates pregnenolone in rat hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and serum: candidate mechanism for superior efficacy?." Pharmacol Biochem Behav 84, no. 4 (August 2006): 598-608. Full Text Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Shampine, LJ, Khisti, RT, Trost, WT, Bradford, DW, Grobin, AC, Massing, MW, Madison, RD, Butterfield, MI, Lieberman, JA, and Morrow, AL. "Olanzapine and fluoxetine administration and coadministration increase rat hippocampal pregnenolone, allopregnanolone and peripheral deoxycorticosterone: implications for therapeutic actions." Pharmacol Biochem Behav 84, no. 4 (August 2006): 609-617. Full Text Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Stevens, RD, Shampine, LJ, Uzunova, V, Trost, WT, Butterfield, MI, Massing, MW, Hamer, RM, Morrow, AL, and Lieberman, JA. "Neuroactive steroids are altered in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relevance to pathophysiology and therapeutics." Neuropsychopharmacology 31, no. 6 (June 2006): 1249-1263. Full Text Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Trost, WT, Shampine, L, Behm, FM, Giordano, LA, Massing, MW, and Rose, JE. "Neuroactive steroids, negative affect, and nicotine dependence severity in male smokers." Psychopharmacology (Berl) 186, no. 3 (June 2006): 462-472. Full Text Link to Item
  - Pierucci-Lagha, A, Covault, J, Feinn, R, Khisti, RT, Morrow, AL, Marx, CE, Shampine, LJ, and Kranzler, HR. "Subjective effects and changes in steroid hormone concentrations in humans following acute consumption of alcohol." Psychopharmacology (Berl) 186, no. 3 (June 2006): 451-461. Full Text Link to Item
  - Strauss, JL, Calhoun, PS, Marx, CE, Stechuchak, KM, Oddone, EZ, Swartz, MS, and Butterfield, MI. "Comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with suicidality in male veterans with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder." Schizophr Res 84, no. 1 (May 2006): 165-169. Full Text Link to Item
  - Butterfield, MI, Stechuchak, KM, Connor, KM, Davidson, JRT, Wang, C, MacKuen, CL, Pearlstein, AM, and Marx, CE. "Neuroactive steroids and suicidality in posttraumatic stress disorder." Am J Psychiatry 162, no. 2 (February 2005): 380-382. Full Text Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Grobin, AC, Deutch, AY, and Lieberman, JA. "Chapter 3.5 Atypical antipsychotic drugs and stress." Techniques in the Behavioral and Neural Sciences 15, no. PART 2 (2005): 301-313. Full Text
  - Miyamoto, S, Duncan, GE, Marx, CE, and Lieberman, JA. "Treatments for schizophrenia: A critical review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs." Molecular Psychiatry 10, no. 1 (2005): 79-104. Full Text
  - Marx, CE, VanDoren, MJ, Duncan, GE, Lieberman, JA, and Morrow, AL. "Olanzapine and clozapine increase the GABAergic neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone in rodents." Neuropsychopharmacology 28, no. 1 (January 2003): 1-13. Full Text Link to Item
  - Butterfield, MI, Becker, M, and Marx, CE. "Post-traumatic stress disorder in women: current concepts and treatments." Curr Psychiatry Rep 4, no. 6 (December 2002): 474-486. (Review) Link to Item
  - Watson, LC, and Marx, CE. "New onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly: Possible primary hyperparathyroidism." Psychosomatics 43, no. 5 (2002): 413-417. Full Text
  - Marx, CE, Jarskog, LF, Lauder, JM, Lieberman, JA, and Gilmore, JH. "Cytokine effects on cortical neuron MAP-2 immunoreactivity: Implications for schizophrenia." Biological Psychiatry 50, no. 10 (2001): 743-749. Full Text
  - Marx, CE, Duncan, GE, Gilmore, JH, Lieberman, JA, and Morrow, AL. "Olanzapine increases allopregnanolone in the rat cerebral cortex." Biological Psychiatry 47, no. 11 (2000): 1000-1004. Full Text
  - Marx, CE, Jarskog, LF, Lauder, JM, Gilmore, JH, Lieberman, JA, and Morrow, AL. "Neurosteroid modulation of embryonic neuronal survival in vitro following anoxia." Brain Research 871, no. 1 (2000): 104-112. Full Text
  - Marx, CE, McIntosh, E, Wilson, WH, and McEvoy, JP. "Mecamylamine increases cigarette smoking in psychiatric patients [4]." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 20, no. 6 (2000): 706-707. Full Text
  - Marx, CE, Vance, BJ, Jarskog, LF, Chescheir, NC, and Gilmore, JH. "Nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3 levels in human amniotic fluid." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 181, no. 5 I (1999): 1225-1230. Full Text
  - Marx, CE, and Lieberman, JA. "Psychoneuroendocrinology of schizophrenia." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 21, no. 2 (1998): 413-434. Full Text
  - Marx, CE, Fan, K, Morris, AJ, Wilson, ML, Damiani, A, and Weinstein, MP. "Laboratory and clinical evaluation of Mycobacterium xenopi isolates." Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 21, no. 4 (April 1995): 195-202. Link to Item
  - Morris, AJ, Wilson, SJ, Marx, CE, Wilson, ML, Mirrett, S, and Reller, LB. "Clinical impact of bacteria and fungi recovered only from broth cultures." J Clin Microbiol 33, no. 1 (January 1995): 161-165. Link to Item
  - Marx, CE, Morris, A, Wilson, ML, and Reller, LB. "Fecal leukocytes in stool specimens submitted for Clostridium difficile toxin assay." Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 16, no. 4 (May 1993): 313-315. Link to Item

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