Michael C. Fitzgerald | Scholars@Duke

Michael C. Fitzgerald
Professor of Chemistry

Dr. Fitzgerald’s research group is focused on studies of protein folding and function. The group utilizes a combination of covalent labeling strategies (e.g. protein amide H/D exchange and methionine oxidiation) and mass spectrometry techniques to investigate the thermodynamic properties of protein folding and ligand binding reactions. Current research efforts involve: (1) the development new biophysical methods that enable protein folding and stability measurements to be performed on the proteomic scale; and (2) the application of these new methods in the areas of disease detection, diagnosis, and therapy.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2011
Director of Graduate Studies in Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2017
Professor of Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Basic Science Departments 2011

Contact Information

3222 French Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708
Box 90346, Durham, NC 27708-0346
michael.c.fitzgerald@duke.edu (919) 660-1547
Fitzgerald Research Group

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Wisconsin at Madison 1994
- B.S., Davidson College 1989
Duke Appointment History
- Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Basic Science Departments 2002 - 2011
- Associate Professor of Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2004 - 2011
- Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Chemistry, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 1998 - 2004
Recognition
In the News
- OCT 19, 2016
  
  Dust Mite Allergens Share Rare Combo of Qualities
Awards & Honors
- Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers. President of the United States of America. 2001
Research
Selected Grants
- University Training Program in Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 2022
- Discovery and Manipulation of Biomolecular-Noble Gas Interactions awarded by Defense Threat Reduction Agency 2018 - 2021
- Anti-Malarial Drug Target Discovery using Energetics-Based Proteomics Methods awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2020
- GAANN - Department of Chemistry awarded by Department of Education 2015 - 2019
- Thermo Lumos Tribrid High-Resolution Accurate-Mass Tandem Mass Spectrometer awarded by National Institutes of Health 2018 - 2019
- Analysis of Protein-Ligand Binding on the Proteomic Scale awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2019
- MRI: Acquisition of a Triple Quadrupole LC/MS System awarded by National Science Foundation 2015 - 2018
- Acquisition of a MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometer System at Duke University awarded by North Carolina Biotechnology Center 2017 - 2018
- Expanding the Scope of a Chemical Modification and Mass Spectrometry-Based Method for Protein-Ligand Binding Analysis awarded by National Science Foundation 2013 - 2016
- BC123577: Targeting Epigenetics Therapy for Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancers awarded by United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command 2013 - 2016
- Structural Biology and Biophysics Training Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 2015
- A Chemical Modification and Mass Spectrometry-Based Method for Analysis of Protein Folding and Ligand Binding awarded by National Science Foundation 2009 - 2012
- Analysis of PH1-Associated Alanine:Glyoxylate Aminotranferase (AGT) Using Yeast awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2011
- Purchase of a Q-TOF LC/MS System awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2011
- Identification of pharmacological chaperones for misfolded proteins awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2011
- Discovery of Cancer Imaging Probes using SUPREX awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2010
- Backbone-Backbone H-Bonds in Protein Folding awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2008
- Structure And Function Of Enzymes--Role Of Metals awarded by National Institutes of Health 1977 - 2008
- Backbone H-Bonds in Protein Folding (Supplement) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2007
- Purchase of a High-Throughput MALDI TOF/TOF awarded by National Institutes of Health 2006 - 2007
- CAREER: Development of a New Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach fro Assaying Protein Stability and Initiation of a High Sc awarded by National Science Foundation 2001 - 2006
- Acquisition of a Time-Resolved Step-Scan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer awarded by National Science Foundation 2001 - 2004
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Kaur, U, Meng, H, Lui, F, Ma, R, Ogburn, RN, Johnson, JHR, Fitzgerald, MC, and Jones, LM. "Proteome-Wide Structural Biology: An Emerging Field for the Structural Analysis of Proteins on the Proteomic Scale." Journal of Proteome Research 17, no. 11 (November 2018): 3614-3627. Full Text
  - Meng, H, Ma, R, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Chemical Denaturation and Protein Precipitation Approach for Discovery and Quantitation of Protein-Drug Interactions." Analytical Chemistry 90, no. 15 (August 2018): 9249-9255. Full Text
  - Meng, H, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Proteome-Wide Characterization of Phosphorylation-Induced Conformational Changes in Breast Cancer." Journal of Proteome Research 17, no. 3 (March 2018): 1129-1137. Full Text
  - Ogburn, RN, Jin, L, Meng, H, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Discovery of Tamoxifen and N-Desmethyl Tamoxifen Protein Targets in MCF-7 Cells Using Large-Scale Protein Folding and Stability Measurements." Journal of Proteome Research 16, no. 11 (November 2017): 4073-4085. Full Text
  - Lim, KH, Dasari, AKR, Ma, R, Hung, I, Gan, Z, Kelly, JW, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Pathogenic Mutations Induce Partial Structural Changes in the Native β-Sheet Structure of Transthyretin and Accelerate Aggregation." Biochemistry 56, no. 36 (September 2017): 4808-4818. Full Text
  - Liu, F, Meng, H, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Large-Scale Analysis of Breast Cancer-Related Conformational Changes in Proteins Using SILAC-SPROX." Journal of Proteome Research 16, no. 9 (September 2017): 3277-3286. Full Text
  - Randall, TA, London, RE, Fitzgerald, MC, and Mueller, GA. "Proteases of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus." International journal of molecular sciences 18, no. 6 (June 6, 2017). Full Text
  - Ogburn, RN, Randall, TA, Xu, Y, Roberts, JH, Mebrahtu, B, Karnuta, JM, Rider, SD, Kissling, GE, London, RE, Pomés, A, Arlian, L, Fitzgerald, MC, and Mueller, GA. "Are dust mite allergens more abundant and/or more stable than other Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus proteins?." The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 139, no. 3 (March 2017): 1030-1032.e1. Full Text
  - Liu, F, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Large-Scale Analysis of Breast Cancer-Related Conformational Changes in Proteins Using Limited Proteolysis." Journal of Proteome Research 15, no. 12 (December 2016): 4666-4674. Full Text
  - Roberts, JH, Liu, F, Karnuta, JM, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Discovery of Age-Related Protein Folding Stability Differences in the Mouse Brain Proteome." Journal of Proteome Research 15, no. 12 (December 2016): 4731-4741. Full Text
  - Jin, L, Wang, D, Gooden, DM, Ball, CH, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Targeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach for Protein-Ligand Binding Analyses in Complex Biological Mixtures Using a Phenacyl Bromide Modification Strategy." Analytical Chemistry 88, no. 22 (November 2016): 10987-10993. Full Text
  - Xu, Y, Wallace, MAG, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Thermodynamic Analysis of the Geldanamycin-Hsp90 Interaction in a Whole Cell Lysate Using a Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Approach." Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 27, no. 10 (October 2016): 1670-1676. Full Text
  - Geer Wallace, MA, Kwon, D-Y, Weitzel, DH, Lee, C-T, Stephenson, TN, Chi, J-T, Mook, RA, Dewhirst, MW, Hong, J, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Discovery of Manassantin A Protein Targets Using Large-Scale Protein Folding and Stability Measurements." Journal of Proteome Research 15, no. 8 (August 2016): 2688-2696. Full Text
  - Geer, MA, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATP-Interactome using the iTRAQ-SPROX Technique." Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 27, no. 2 (February 2016): 233-243. Full Text
  - Kwon, D-Y, Lee, HE, Weitzel, DH, Park, K, Lee, SH, Lee, C-T, Stephenson, TN, Park, H, Fitzgerald, MC, Chi, J-T, Mook, RA, Dewhirst, MW, Lee, YM, and Hong, J. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Manassantin Analogues for Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Inhibition." Journal of medicinal chemistry 58, no. 19 (October 2015): 7659-7671. Full Text
  - Adhikari, J, West, GM, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Global analysis of protein folding thermodynamics for disease state characterization." Journal of Proteome Research 14, no. 5 (May 2015): 2287-2297. Full Text
  - Adhikari, J, and Fitzgerald, MC. "SILAC-pulse proteolysis: A mass spectrometry-based method for discovery and cross-validation in proteome-wide studies of ligand binding." Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 25, no. 12 (December 2014): 2073-2083. Full Text
  - Tran, DT, Adhikari, J, and Fitzgerald, MC. "StableIsotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC)-based strategy for proteome-wide thermodynamic analysis of protein-ligand binding interactions." Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 13, no. 7 (July 2014): 1800-1813. Full Text
  - Xu, Y, Strickland, EC, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Thermodynamic analysis of protein folding and stability using a tryptophan modification protocol." Analytical Chemistry 86, no. 14 (July 2014): 7041-7048. Full Text
  - Geer, MA, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Energetics-based methods for protein folding and stability measurements." Annual review of analytical chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.) 7 (January 2014): 209-228. (Review) Full Text
  - Strickland, EC, Geer, MA, Hong, J, and Fitzgerald, MC. "False-positive rate determination of protein target discovery using a covalent modification- and mass spectrometry-based proteomics platform." J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 25, no. 1 (January 2014): 132-140. Full Text Link to Item
  - Strickland, EC, Geer, MA, Tran, DT, Adhikari, J, West, GM, DeArmond, PD, Xu, Y, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Thermodynamic analysis of protein-ligand binding interactions in complex biological mixtures using the stability of proteins from rates of oxidation." Nat Protoc 8, no. 1 (January 2013): 148-161. Full Text Link to Item
  - Banerjee, S, Siburt, CJP, Mistry, S, Noto, JM, DeArmond, P, Fitzgerald, MC, Lambert, LA, Cornelissen, CN, and Crumbliss, AL. "Evidence of Fe3+ interaction with the plug domain of the outer membrane transferrin receptor protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: implications for Fe transport." Metallomics 4, no. 4 (April 2012): 361-372. Full Text Link to Item
  - Reichmann, D, Xu, Y, Cremers, CM, Ilbert, M, Mittelman, R, Fitzgerald, MC, and Jakob, U. "Order out of disorder: working cycle of an intrinsically unfolded chaperone." Cell 148, no. 5 (March 2012): 947-957. Full Text
  - Tran, DT, Banerjee, S, Alayash, AI, Crumbliss, AL, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Slow histidine H/D exchange protocol for thermodynamic analysis of protein folding and stability using mass spectrometry." Anal Chem 84, no. 3 (February 7, 2012): 1653-1660. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dearmond, PD, Xu, Y, Strickland, EC, Daniels, KG, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Thermodynamic analysis of protein-ligand interactions in complex biological mixtures using a shotgun proteomics approach." J Proteome Res 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2011): 4948-4958. Full Text Link to Item
  - Xu, Y, Falk, IN, Hallen, MA, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Mass spectrometry- and lysine amidination-based protocol for thermodynamic analysis of protein folding and ligand binding interactions." Analytical Chemistry 83, no. 9 (May 2011): 3555-3562. Full Text
  - DeArmond, PD, West, GM, Huang, H-T, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Stable isotope labeling strategy for protein-ligand binding analysis in multi-component protein mixtures." J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 22, no. 3 (March 2011): 418-430. Full Text Link to Item
  - Xu, Y, Falk, IN, Hallen, MA, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Xu, Y., Falk, I.N., Hallen, M.A., and Fitzgerald, M.C." Analytical Chemistry , no. 83 (2011): 3555-3562. (Academic Article)
  - Dearmond, PD, West, GM, Anbalagan, V, Campa, MJ, Patz, EF, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Discovery of novel cyclophilin A ligands using an H/D exchange- and mass spectrometry-based strategy." J Biomol Screen 15, no. 9 (October 2010): 1051-1062. Full Text Link to Item
  - Kim, H, Baker, JB, Park, Y, Park, H-B, DeArmond, PD, Kim, SH, Fitzgerald, MC, Lee, D-S, and Hong, J. "Total synthesis, assignment of the absolute stereochemistry, and structure-activity relationship studies of subglutinols A and B." Chem Asian J 5, no. 8 (August 2, 2010): 1902-1910. Full Text Link to Item
  - West, GM, Thompson, JW, Soderblom, EJ, Dubois, LG, Dearmond, PD, Moseley, MA, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Mass spectrometry-based thermal shift assay for protein-ligand binding analysis." Anal Chem 82, no. 13 (July 1, 2010): 5573-5581. Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - West, GM, Tucker, CL, Xu, T, Park, SK, Han, X, Yates, JR, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Quantitative proteomics approach for identifying protein-drug interactions in complex mixtures using protein stability measurements." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, no. 20 (May 18, 2010): 9078-9082. Full Text Link to Item
  - Xu, Y, Schmitt, S, Tang, L, Jakob, U, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Thermodynamic analysis of a molecular chaperone binding to unfolded protein substrates." Biochemistry 49, no. 6 (February 16, 2010): 1346-1353. Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - DeArmond, PD, West, GM, Anbalagan, V, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Discovery of Novel Cyclophilin A Ligands Using an H/D Exchange- and Mass Spectrometry-Based Strategy. Journal of Biomolecular Screening." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 15, no. 9 (2010): 1051-1062. (Academic Article)
  - Hopper, ED, Pittman, AMC, Tucker, CL, Campa, MJ, Patz, EF, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Hydrogen/deuterium exchange- and protease digestion-based screening assay for protein-ligand binding detection." Anal Chem 81, no. 16 (August 15, 2009): 6860-6867. Full Text Link to Item
  - Fitzgerald, MC, and West, GM. "Painting Proteins with Covalent Labels: What's In the Picture? (Reprinted from J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom, vol 20, pg 1193-1206, 2009)." Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 20, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 1193-1206. (Academic Article) Full Text Link to Item
  - Fitzgerald, MC, and West, GM. "Painting proteins with covalent labels: what's in the picture?." J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 20, no. 6 (June 2009): 1193-1206. Full Text Link to Item
  - Siburt, CJP, Roulhac, PL, Weaver, KD, Noto, JM, Mietzner, TA, Cornelissen, CN, Fitzgerald, MC, and Crumbliss, AL. "Hijacking transferrin bound iron: protein-receptor interactions involved in iron transport in N. gonorrhoeae." Metallomics 1, no. 3 (2009): 249-255. Full Text Link to Item
  - Hopper, ED, Pittman, AMC, Fitzgerald, MC, and Tucker, CL. "In vivo and in vitro examination of stability of primary hyperoxaluria-associated human alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase." The Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, no. 45 (November 2008): 30493-30502. Full Text
  - Hopper, ED, Roulhac, PL, Campa, MJ, Patz, EF, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Throughput and efficiency of a mass spectrometry-based screening assay for protein-ligand binding detection." J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 19, no. 9 (September 2008): 1303-1311. Full Text Link to Item
  - Weaver, KD, Heymann, JJ, Mehta, A, Roulhac, PL, Anderson, DS, Nowalk, AJ, Adhikari, P, Mietzner, TA, Fitzgerald, MC, and Crumbliss, AL. "Ga3+ as a mechanistic probe in Fe3+ transport: characterization of Ga3+ interaction with FbpA." Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry : Jbic : a Publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 13, no. 6 (August 2008): 887-898. Full Text
  - West, GM, Tang, L, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Thermodynamic analysis of protein stability and ligand binding using a chemical modification- and mass spectrometry-based strategy." Analytical Chemistry 80, no. 11 (June 2008): 4175-4185. Full Text
  - Roulhac, PL, Weaver, KD, Adhikari, P, Anderson, DS, DeArmond, PD, Mietzner, TA, Crumbliss, AL, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Ex vivo analysis of synergistic anion binding to FbpA in Gram-negative bacteria." Biochemistry 47, no. 14 (April 8, 2008): 4298-4305. Full Text Link to Item
  - Fitzgerald, MC, Tang, L, and Hopper, ED. "Chapter 6 Thermodynamic Analysis of Protein Folding and Ligand Binding by SUPREX." Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry 52 (2008): 127-149. Full Text
  - Weaver, KD, Heymann, JJ, Mehta, A, Roulhac, PL, Anderson, DS, Nowalk, AJ, Adhikari, P, Mietzner, TA, Fitzgerald, MC, and Crumbliss, AL. "Ga³⁺ as a mechanistic probe in Fe³⁺ transport: Characterization of Ga³⁺ interaction with FbpA." Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 13, no. 6 (2008): 887-898. Full Text
  - Tang, L, Roulhac, PL, and Fitzgerald, MC. "H/D exchange and mass spectrometry-based method for biophysical analysis of multidomain proteins at the domain level." Anal Chem 79, no. 22 (November 15, 2007): 8728-8739. Full Text Link to Item
  - Tang, L, Hopper, ED, Tong, Y, Sadowsky, JD, Peterson, KJ, Gellman, SH, and Fitzgerald, MC. "H/D exchange- and mass spectrometry-based strategy for the thermodynamic analysis of protein-ligand binding." Anal Chem 79, no. 15 (August 1, 2007): 5869-5877. Full Text Link to Item
  - Williams, JC, Roulhac, PL, Roy, AG, Vallee, RB, Fitzgerald, MC, and Hendrickson, WA. "Structural and thermodynamic characterization of a cytoplasmic dynein light chain-intermediate chain complex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, no. 24 (June 5, 2007): 10028-10033. Full Text
  - Frankel, BA, Tong, Y, Bentley, ML, Fitzgerald, MC, and McCafferty, DG. "Mutational analysis of active site residues in the Staphylococcus aureus transpeptidase SrtA." Biochemistry 46, no. 24 (June 2007): 7269-7278. Full Text
  - Frankel, BA, Tong, Y, Bentley, ML, Fitzgerald, MC, and McCafferty, DG. "Analysis of Active Site Residues in the Staphylococcus aureus Transpeptidase SrtA Mutational." Biochemistry , no. 46 (2007): 7269-7278. (Academic Article)
  - Dai, SY, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Accuracy of SUPREX (stability of unpurified proteins from rates of H/D exchange) and MALDI mass spectrometry-derived protein unfolding free energies determined under non-EX2 exchange conditions." J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 17, no. 11 (November 2006): 1535-1542. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dai, SY, and Fitzgerald, MC. "A mass spectrometry-based probe of equilibrium intermediates in protein-folding reactions." Biochemistry 45, no. 42 (October 24, 2006): 12890-12897. Full Text Link to Item
  - Yang, X, Wang, M, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Direct analysis of backbone-backbone hydrogen bond formation in protein folding transition states." J Mol Biol 363, no. 2 (October 20, 2006): 506-519. Full Text Link to Item
  - Yang, X, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Total chemical synthesis of the B1 domain of protein L from Peptostreptococcus magnus." Bioorg Chem 34, no. 3 (June 2006): 131-141. Full Text Link to Item
  - Wang, M, Wales, TE, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Conserved thermodynamic contributions of backbone hydrogen bonds in a protein fold." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103, no. 8 (February 10, 2006): 2600-2604. Full Text
  - Cisneros, GA, Wang, M, Silinski, P, Fitzgerald, MC, and Yang, W. "Theoretical and experimental determination on two substrates turned over by 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase." J Phys Chem A 110, no. 2 (January 19, 2006): 700-708. Full Text Link to Item
  - Tong, Y, Wuebbens, MM, Rajagopalan, KV, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Thermodynamic analysis of subunit interactions in Escherichia coli molybdopterin synthase." Biochemistry 44, no. 7 (February 22, 2005): 2595-2601. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dai, SY, Gardner, MW, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Protocol for the thermodynamic analysis of some proteins using an H/D exchange- and mass spectrometry-based technique." Anal Chem 77, no. 2 (January 15, 2005): 693-697. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dai, SY, Gardner, MW, and Fitzgerald, MC. "An Improved Protocol for the SUPREX (Stability of Unpurified Proteins from Rates of H/D Exchange) Analysis of Some Proteins." Analytical Chemistry 77 (2005): 693-697. (Academic Article)
  - Lin, SM, Haney, RP, Campa, MJ, Fitzgerald, MC, and Patz, EF. "Characterising phase variations in MALDI-TOF data and correcting them by peak alignment." Cancer Inform 1 (2005): 32-40. Open Access Copy Link to Item
  - Wang, M, Wales, TE, and Fitzgerald, MC. "The Thermodynamics of Backbone-Backbone Hydrogen Bonds are Conserved ina Protein Fold." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (2005). (Academic Article)
  - Roulhac, PL, Powell, KD, Dhungana, S, Weaver, KD, Mietzner, TA, Crumbliss, AL, and Fitzgerald, MC. "SUPREX (Stability of Unpurified Proteins from Rates of H/D Exchange) analysis of the thermodynamics of synergistic anion binding by ferric-binding protein (FbpA), a bacterial transferrin." Biochemistry 43, no. 50 (December 21, 2004): 15767-15774. Full Text Link to Item
  - Dai, SY, Gardner, MW, and Fitzgerald, MC. "SUPREX (Stability of Unpurified Proteins from Rates of H/D Exchange) Analysis of Some Proteins." Analytical Chemistry (December 2004). (Academic Article)
  - Howard, BA, Zheng, Z, Campa, MJ, Wang, MZ, Sharma, A, Haura, E, Herndon, JE, Fitzgerald, MC, Bepler, G, and Patz, EF. "Translating biomarkers into clinical practice: prognostic implications of cyclophilin A and macrophage migratory inhibitory factor identified from protein expression profiles in non-small cell lung cancer." Lung Cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 46, no. 3 (December 2004): 313-323. Full Text
  - Yang, X, Wang, M, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Analysis of protein folding and function using backbone modified proteins." Bioorg Chem 32, no. 5 (October 2004): 438-449. (Review) Full Text Link to Item
  - Wang, MZ, Shetty, JT, Howard, BA, Campa, MJ, Patz, EF, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Thermodynamic analysis of cyclosporin a binding to cyclophilin a in a lung tumor tissue lysate." Anal Chem 76, no. 15 (August 1, 2004): 4343-4348. Full Text Link to Item
  - Wales, TE, Richardson, JS, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Facile chemical synthesis and equilibrium unfolding properties of CopG." Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society 13, no. 7 (July 2004): 1918-1926. Full Text
  - Cisneros, GA, Wang, M, Silinski, P, Fitzgerald, MC, and Yang, W. "The protein backbone makes important contributions to 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase enzyme catalysis: understanding from theory and experiment." Biochemistry 43, no. 22 (June 2004): 6885-6892. Full Text
  - Powell, KD, and Fitzgerald, MC. "High-throughput screening assay for the tunable selection of protein ligands." J Comb Chem 6, no. 2 (March 2004): 262-269. Full Text Link to Item
  - Ma, L, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Protein-DNA Interactions using a New H/D Exchange- and Mass Spectrometry-Based Method." Chemistry & Biology 10 (December 2003). (Academic Article)
  - Ma, L, and Fitzgerald, MC. "A new H/D exchange- and mass spectrometry-based method for thermodynamic analysis of protein-DNA interactions." Chem Biol 10, no. 12 (December 2003): 1205-1213. Link to Item
  - Howard, BA, Wang, MZ, Campa, MJ, Corro, C, Fitzgerald, MC, and Patz, EF. "Identification and validation of a potential lung cancer serum biomarker detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight spectra analysis." Proteomics 3, no. 9 (September 2003): 1720-1724. Full Text
  - Wang, MZ, Howard, B, Campa, MJ, Patz, EF, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Analysis of human serum proteins by liquid phase isoelectric focusing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry." Proteomics 3, no. 9 (September 2003): 1661-1666. Full Text Link to Item
  - Silinski, P, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Comparative analysis of two different amide-to-ester bond mutations in the beta-sheet of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase." Biochemistry 42, no. 21 (June 3, 2003): 6620-6630. Full Text Link to Item
  - Powell, KD, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Accuracy and precision of a new H/D exchange- and mass spectrometry-based technique for measuring the thermodynamic properties of protein-peptide complexes." Biochemistry 42, no. 17 (May 6, 2003): 4962-4970. Full Text Link to Item
  - Campa, MJ, Wang, MZ, Howard, B, Fitzgerald, MC, and Patz, EF. "Protein expression profiling identifies macrophage migration inhibitory factor and cyclophilin a as potential molecular targets in non-small cell lung cancer." Cancer Research 63, no. 7 (April 2003): 1652-1656.
  - Campa, MJ, Fitzgerald, MC, and Jr, EFP. "Exploring the proteome with MALDI-TOF." Proteomics 3, no. 9 (2003): 1659-1660.
  - Campa, MJ, Fitzgerald, MC, and Jr, EFP. "Erratum: Exploring the proteome with MALDI-TOF (Editorial) (Proteomics 3: 9 (1659-1660))." Proteomics 3, no. 10 (2003): 2067--. Full Text
  - Campa, MJ, Wang, MZ, Howard, B, Fitzgerald, MC, and Patz, EF. "Protein Expression Profiling Identifies MIF and Cyclophilin A as Potential Molecular Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer." Cancer Research 63, no. 7 (2003): 1652-1656. (Academic Article)
  - Ercole, F, FitzGerald, M, Perera, S, Ede, N, Riley, P, and Campbell, R. "A combinatorial approach in designing hydrophilic surfaces for solid-phase peptide synthesis." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 89, no. 12 (2003): 3371-3378. Full Text
  - Powell, KD, Wang, MZ, Silinski, P, Ma, L, Wales, TE, Dai, SY, Warner, AH, Yang, X, and Fitzgerald, MC. "The accuracy and precision of a new H/D exchange- and mass spectrometry-based technique for measuring the thermodynamic stability of proteins." Analytica Chimica Acta 496, no. 1-2 (2003): 225-232. Full Text
  - Wu, Z, Ercole, F, FitzGerald, M, Perera, S, Riley, P, Campbell, R, Pham, Y, Rea, P, Sandanayake, S, Mathieu, MN, Bray, AM, and Ede, NJ. "Synthesis of tetrahydro-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones on hydrophilic polyamide synPhase lanterns." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 5, no. 2 (2003): 166-171. Full Text
  - Powell, KD, Ghaemmaghami, S, Wang, MZ, Ma, L, Oas, TG, and Fitzgerald, MC. "A general mass spectrometry-based assay for the quantitation of protein-ligand binding interactions in solution." J Am Chem Soc 124, no. 35 (September 4, 2002): 10256-10257. Link to Item
  - Silinski, P, and Fitzgerald, MC. "A stable dimer in the pH-induced equilibrium unfolding of the homo-hexameric enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT)." Biochemistry 41, no. 13 (April 2, 2002): 4480-4491. Link to Item
  - Powell, KD, Wales, TE, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Thermodynamic stability measurements on multimeric proteins using a new H/D exchange- and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry-based method." Protein Sci 11, no. 4 (April 2002): 841-851. Full Text Link to Item
  - Fitzgerald, MC, Powell, KD, Wang, MZ, Ma, L, Ghaemmaghami, S, and Oas, TG. "A general mass spectrometry-based method for the quantitation of protein-ligand binding interactions in solution." Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics (2002): 395-396.
  - Ghaemmaghami, S, Fitzgerald, MC, and Oas, TG. "Quantitative protein stability measurement in living bacteria." Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics (2002): 109-110.
  - Ma, L, Powell, KD, and Fitzgerald, MC. "A new H/D exchange- and MALDI-based assay for the quantitative analysis of protein-DNA interactions in solution." Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics (2002): 471-472.
  - Powell, KD, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Quantitative determination of protein-peptide binding constants using a new, MALDI- and H/D-exchange based technique." Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics (2002): 445-446.
  - Wang, MZ, Campa, M, Howard, BA, Patz, EF, and Fitzgerald, MC. "A fractionation protocol to reduce signal suppression effects in the MALDI analysis of blood proteins." Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics (2002): 587-588.
  - Wales, TE, and Fitzgerald, MC. "The energetic contribution of backbone--backbone hydrogen bonds to the thermodynamic stability of a hyperstable P22 Arc repressor mutant." J Am Chem Soc 123, no. 31 (August 8, 2001): 7709-7710. Link to Item
  - Powell, KD, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Measurements of protein stability by H/D exchange and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using picomoles of material." Anal Chem 73, no. 14 (July 15, 2001): 3300-3304. Link to Item
  - Silinski, P, Allingham, MJ, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Guanidine-induced equilibrium unfolding of a homo-hexameric enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT)." Biochemistry 40, no. 14 (April 10, 2001): 4493-4502. Link to Item
  - Moss, JA, Silinski, P, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Mapping tertiary interactions in protein folding reactions: a novel mass spectrometry- and chemical synthesis-based approach." Fresenius J Anal Chem 369, no. 3-4 (February 2001): 252-257. Link to Item
  - Wang, MZ, and Fitzgerald, MC. "A solid sample preparation method that reduces signal suppression effects in the MALDI analysis of peptides." Anal Chem 73, no. 3 (February 1, 2001): 625-631. Link to Item
  - Powell, KD, and Fitzgerald, MC. "High Sensitivity Measurements of Protein Stability by H/D Exchange and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Mass spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 73, no. 14 (2001): 3300-3304. (Academic Article)
  - Nakhle, BM, Silinski, P, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Identification of an essential backbone amide bond in the folding and stability of a multimeric enzyme." Journal of the American Chemical Society 122, no. 34 (August 30, 2000): 8105-8111. Full Text
  - Ghaemmaghami, S, Fitzgerald, MC, and Oas, TG. "A quantitative, high-throughput screen for protein stability." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97, no. 15 (July 2000): 8296-8301. Full Text
  - Nakhle, BM, Silinski, P, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Identification of an essential backbone amide bond in the folding and stability of a multimeric enzyme." Journal of the American Chemical Society 122, no. 34 (2000): 8105-8111. Full Text
  - Nakhle, BM, Silinski, P, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Identification of an essential backbone amide bond in the folding and stability of a multimeric enzyme." Journal of the American Chemical Society 122, no. 34 (2000): X-.
  - Stamps, SL, Fitzgerald, MC, and Whitman, CP. "Characterization of the role of the amino-terminal proline in the enzymatic activity catalyzed by macrophage migration inhibitory factor." Biochemistry 37, no. 28 (July 1998): 10195-10202. Full Text
  - Beeston, RF, Aldridge, WS, Treadway, JA, Fitzgerald, MC, DeGraff, BA, and Stitzel, SE. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Photochemical/Photophysical Properties of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Hexadentate Bipyridine and Phenanthroline Ligands." Inorganic Chemistry 37, no. 17 (1998): 4368-4379.
  - Winston, RL, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Concentration and desalting of protein samples for mass spectrometry analysis." Analytical Biochemistry 262, no. 1 (1998): 83-85. Full Text
  - Winston, RL, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Mass spectrometry as a readout of protein structure and function." Mass Spectrometry Reviews 16, no. 4 (July 1997): 165-179. (Review) Full Text
  - Carrasco, MR, Fitzgerald, MC, Oda, Y, and Kent, SBH. "Direct monitoring of organic reactions on polymeric supports." Tetrahedron Letters 38, no. 36 (1997): 6331-6334. Full Text
  - Dawson, PE, Fitzgerald, MC, Muir, TW, and Kent, SBH. "Methods for the chemical synthesis and readout of self-encoded arrays of polypeptide analogues." Journal of the American Chemical Society 119, no. 34 (1997): 7917-7927. Full Text
  - Fitzgerald, MC, Laco, GS, Elder, JH, and Kent, SBH. "A Continuous Fluorometric Assay for the FIV Protease." Analytical Biochemistry 254, no. 2 (1997): 226-230. (Academic Article)
  - Fitzgerald, MC, Laco, GS, Elder, JH, and Kent, SBH. "A continuous fluorometric assay for the feline immunodeficiency virus protease." Analytical Biochemistry 254, no. 2 (1997): 226-230. Full Text
  - Jr, WHJ, Czerwinski, RM, Fitzgerald, MC, and Whitman, CP. "Inactivation of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase by 2-oxo-3-pentynoate." Biochemistry 36, no. 50 (1997): 15724-15732. Full Text
  - Laco, GS, Fitzgerald, MC, Morris, GM, Olson, AJ, Kent, SBH, and Elder, JH. "Molecular analysis of the feline immunodeficiency virus protease: Generation of a novel form of the protease by autoproteolysis and construction of cleavage-resistant proteases." Journal of Virology 71, no. 7 (1997): 5505-5511.
  - Muir, TW, Dawson, PE, Fitzgerald, MC, and Kent, SBH. "Protein signature analysis: A practical new approach for studying structure-activity relationships in peptides and proteins." Methods in Enzymology 289 (1997): 545-564. Full Text
  - Fitzgerald, MC, Chernushevich, I, Standing, KG, Whitman, CP, and Kent, SBH. "Probing the oligomeric structure of an enzyme by electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93, no. 14 (1996): 6851-6856. Full Text
  - Fitzgerald, MC, Harris, K, Shevlin, CG, and Siuzdak, G. "Direct characterization of solid phase resin-bound molecules by mass spectrometry." Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 6, no. 8 (1996): 979-982. Full Text
  - Fitzgerald, MC, and Siuzdak, G. "Biochemical mass spectrometry: Worth the weight?." Chemistry and Biology 3, no. 9 (1996): 707-715. Full Text
  - Muir, TW, Dawson, PE, Fitzgerald, MC, and Kent, SBH. "Probing the chemical basis of binding activity in an SH3 domain by protein signature analysis." Chemistry and Biology 3, no. 10 (1996): 817-825.
  - Qian, X, Moris Varas, F, Fitzgerald, MC, and Wong, CH. "C2-Symmetrical Tetrahydroxyazepenes as Inhibitors of Glyosidases and HIV/FIV Proteases." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 4, no. 12 (1996): 2055-2069. (Academic Article)
  - Qian, X, Morís-Varas, F, Fitzgerald, MC, and Wong, C-H. "C₂-symmetrical tetrahydroxyazepanes as inhibitors of glycosidases and HIV/FIV proteases." Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 4, no. 12 (1996): 2055-2069. Full Text
  - Fitzgerald, MC, Chernushevich, I, Standing, KG, Kent, SBH, and Whitman, CP. "Total chemical synthesis and catalytic properties of the enzyme enantiomers L- and D-4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase." Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 45 (1995): 11075-11080. Full Text
  - Fitzgerald, MC, and Smith, LM. "Mass spectrometry of nucleic acids: The promise of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry." Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 24 (1995): 117-140.
  - Zhu, L, Parr, GR, Fitzgerald, MC, Nelson, CM, and Smith, LM. "Oligodeoxynucleotide fragmentation in MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry using 355-nm radiation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 22 (1995): 6048-6056. Full Text
  - Shen, CL, Fitzgerald, MC, and Murphy, RM. "Effect of acid predissolution on fibril size and fibril flexibility of synthetic beta-amyloid peptide." Biophysical Journal 67, no. 3 (September 1994): 1238-1246. Full Text
  - Fitzgerald, MC, Parr, GR, and Smith, LM. "Basic matrices for the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of proteins and oligonucleotides." Analytical Chemistry 65, no. 22 (November 1993): 3204-3211. Full Text
  - Fitzgerald, MC, Zhu, L, and Smith, LM. "The Analysis of Mock DNA Sequencing Reactions Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993): 895-897. (Academic Article)
  - Fitzgerald, MC, Skowron, P, Etten, JLV, Smith, LM, and Mead, DA. "Rapid shotgun cloning utilizing the two base recognition endonuclease CviJI." Nucleic Acids Research 20, no. 14 (1992): 3753-3762.
  - Parr, GR, Fitzgerald, MC, and Smith, LM. "Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Synthetic Oligodeoxyribonucleotides." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992): 369-372. (Academic Article)
  - Beeston, RF, Larson, SL, and Fitzgerald, MC. "Ground- and excited-state properties of a photostable hemicage ruthenium(II) polypyridine complex." Inorganic Chemistry 28, no. 23 (1989): 4187-4189.
Teaching & Mentoring
Recent Courses
- BIOCHEM 593: Research Independent Study 2018
- CHEM 393: Research Independent Study 2018
- CHEM 394: Research Independent Study 2018
- CHEM 401: Analytical Chemistry 2018
- CHEM 493: Research Independent Study 2018
- CHEM 494: Research Independent Study 2018
- CHEM 701S: Research Orientation Seminar 2018
- CHEM 801: Research 2018
- CHEM 401L: Analytical Chemistry Laboratory 2017
- CHEM 506: Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry 2017
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