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Nicole Heilbron

Associate Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Psychiatry, Child & Family Mental Health & Community Psychiatry
3527, 2608 Erwin Road, Suite 300, Durham, NC 27705
3527, 2608 Erwin Road, Suite 300, Durham, NC 27705

Selected Publications


Innovative Approaches to Addressing Pediatric Mental Health: Digital Technologies in Pediatric Primary Care.

Journal Article Pediatr Clin North Am · December 2024 Digital technologies can be used at multiple levels to support the mental health care of children including (1) health system/health care provider level; (2) patient-provider interface; (3) patient-facing consumer applications; and (4) new technology, incl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment and Outcomes Among North Carolina Medicaid-Insured Youth With Depression.

Journal Article JAACAP Open · November 2023 OBJECTIVE: Youth depression is increasing and is associated with adverse concurrent and long-term outcomes. Understanding receipt of depression treatment and outcomes is critical for population-level efforts to address youth depression. This study aimed to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of North Carolina Medicaid Collaborative Care Billing Codes After Statewide Approval for Reimbursement.

Journal Article Psychiatr Serv · December 1, 2022 Effective October 2018, North Carolina Medicaid approved reimbursement for collaborative care model (CoCM) billing codes. From October 2018 through December 2019, only 915 of the estimated two million eligible Medicaid beneficiaries had at least one CoCM c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Psychotropic Prescription Receipt Among Pediatric Patients Enrolled in North Carolina Medicaid.

Journal Article Psychiatr Serv · December 1, 2022 OBJECTIVE: The authors aimed to examine racial-ethnic differences in filled psychotropic prescriptions among a pediatric Medicaid population. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients ages 0-21 with at least one North Carolina Medicaid cla ... Full text Link to item Cite

Brief Report: Classifying Rates of Students with Autism and Intellectual Disability in North Carolina: Roles of Race and Economic Disadvantage.

Journal Article J Autism Dev Disord · January 2021 We examined special education classifications among students aged 3-21 in North Carolina public schools, highlighting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). Results revealed variability by county in ASD and ID prevalence, and in c ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Feasibility of an Integrated Treatment Approach for Youth with Depression, Suicide Attempts, and Substance Use Problems.

Journal Article Evid Based Pract Child Adolesc Ment Health · 2021 Depression, suicidal behaviors and substance use problems frequently co-occur, and treatment for youth with these co-occurring problems is often fragmented and challenging. An integrated cognitive-behavioral treatment approach that builds upon a relapse pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Phase II Randomized Clinical Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Umbilical Cord Blood Infusion for Treatment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Journal Article J Pediatr · July 2020 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether umbilical cord blood (CB) infusion is safe and associated with improved social and communication abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). STUDY DESIGN: This prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, doubl ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Marital Relationship and Early Development

Chapter · January 1, 2020 In this article, we describe the history of psychological research on marriage and consider how marital relationships affect other family relationships and the social and emotional development of young children. Marital relationships can support or undermi ... Full text Cite

Preliminary Outcomes from an Integrated Pediatric Mental Health Outpatient Clinic.

Journal Article Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am · October 2017 An estimated 1 in 5 children in the United States meet criteria for a diagnosable mental disorder, yet fewer than 20% receive mental health services. Unmet need for psychiatric treatment may contribute to patterns of increasing use of the emergency departm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prospective Study of Major Loss Life Events and Risk for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults.

Journal Article Suicide Life Threat Behav · August 2017 This prospective, naturalistic study examined the association between major loss life experiences, other psychiatric risk factors (depression, hopelessness, and anxiety), and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) among adolescents followed through young a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental Trajectories of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors From Adolescence Through Adulthood.

Journal Article J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry · May 2016 OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the patterns among individuals in the long-term course of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). The objective of this study was to identify developmental trajectories of STBs from adolescence through young adulthood, as w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Marital relationship and early development

Chapter · January 1, 2016 In this article, we describe the history of psychological research on marriage and consider how marital relationships affect other family relationships and the social and emotional development of young children. Marital relationships can support or undermi ... Full text Cite

Identifying and Referring Youths at Risk for Suicide Following Participation in School-Based Gatekeeper Training.

Journal Article Suicide Life Threat Behav · August 2015 Gatekeeper training is a core strategy of the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Suicide Prevention Act of 2004. Using data gathered from school-based gatekeeper trainings implemented by GLS grantees, this analysis examines training and gatekeeper factors associat ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Interdependence of Adult Relationship Quality and Parenting Behaviours among African American and European Couples in Rural, Low-Income Communities

Journal Article Infant and Child Development · May 1, 2015 The present study extends the spillover and crossover hypotheses to more carefully model the potential interdependence between parent-parent interaction quality and parent-child interaction quality in family systems. Using propensity score matching, the pr ... Full text Cite

Suicide attempts in a longitudinal sample of adolescents followed through adulthood: Evidence of escalation.

Journal Article J Consult Clin Psychol · April 2015 OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to examine escalation in repeat suicide attempts from adolescence through adulthood, as predicted by sensitization models (and reflected in increasing intent and lethality with repeat attempts, decreasing amount of time ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relational victimization, friendship, and adolescents' hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to an in vivo social stressor.

Journal Article Dev Psychopathol · August 2014 Adolescents' peer experiences may have significant associations with biological stress-response systems, adding to or reducing allostatic load. This study examined relational victimization as a unique contributor to reactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Suicide risk protocols: addressing the needs of high risk youths identified through suicide prevention efforts and in clinical settings.

Journal Article Suicide Life Threat Behav · April 2013 Several agencies have emphasized the importance of establishing clear protocols or procedures to address the needs of youths who are identified as suicidal through suicide prevention programs or in emergency department settings. What constitutes optimal gu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Family-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Suicidal Adolescents and Their Integration With Individual Treatment

Journal Article Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · May 1, 2012 A considerable research base underscores the importance of family functioning in the risk for and treatment of adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This paper reviews the extant empirical literature documenting associations between features of the f ... Full text Cite

Evaluating the predictive validity of suicidal intent and medical lethality in youth.

Journal Article J Consult Clin Psychol · April 2012 Featured Publication OBJECTIVES: To examine whether suicidal intent and medical lethality of past suicide attempts are predictive of future attempts, the association between intent and lethality, and the consistency of these characteristics across repeated attempts among youth ... Full text Link to item Cite

Maltreatment and Adolescence

Journal Article · December 1, 2011 Adolescence marks a time of significant transition across a variety of domains, including physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal development. The consequences of abuse and neglect on these developmental changes and challenges are ext ... Full text Cite

Relational benefits of relational aggression: adaptive and maladaptive associations with adolescent friendship quality.

Journal Article Dev Psychol · July 2011 Two longitudinal studies examined associations between relational aggression and friendship quality during adolescence. In Study 1, 62 adolescents in Grades 6 (25.8%), 7 (32.3%), and 8 (41.9%) completed assessments of friendship affiliations, relational an ... Full text Link to item Cite

The functions of nonsuicidal self-injury: support for cognitive-affective regulation and opponent processes from a novel psychophysiological paradigm.

Journal Article J Abnorm Psychol · November 2010 Featured Publication Although research on the reasons for engaging in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has increased dramatically in the last few years, there are still many aspects of this pernicious behavior that are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to addres ... Full text Link to item Cite

Peer influence and nonsuicidal self injury: longitudinal results in community and clinically-referred adolescent samples.

Journal Article J Abnorm Child Psychol · July 2010 Research suggests that adolescents' engagement in nonsuicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behaviors may be increasing over time, yet little is known regarding distal longitudinal factors that may promote engagement in these behaviors. Data from two longitudinal ... Full text Link to item Cite

Adolescent peer victimization, peer status, suicidal ideation, and nonsuicidal self-injury examining concurrent and longitudinal associations

Journal Article Merrill Palmer Quarterly · July 1, 2010 This study examined concurrent and longitudinal associations among peer victimization, peer status, and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (i.e., suicidal ideation and nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI]) over a 2-year period. A community sample of 493 adole ... Full text Cite

The Problematic Label of Suicide Gesture: Alternatives for Clinical Research and Practice.

Journal Article Prof Psychol Res Pr · June 1, 2010 Featured Publication Historically, certain terms used to describe psychopathology have evolved over time due to changing social and political contexts. This paper explores the importance of a clear and consistent language for characterizing suicide-related behaviors with a par ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antisocial and borderline personality disorder symptomatologies are associated with decreased prepulse inhibition: The importance of optimal experimental parameters

Journal Article Personality and Individual Differences · October 1, 2009 Although antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and borderline personality disorders (BPD) have been hypothesized to be associated with decreased prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response, empirical support for this contention has been inc ... Full text Cite

Peer Status

Chapter · January 1, 2009 Within the first few years of life, children establish relatively stable social positions among their peers. Research has demonstrated longitudinal associations between peer status and a variety of developmental outcomes. However, the correlational nature ... Full text Cite

A review and reconceptualization of social aggression: adaptive and maladaptive correlates.

Journal Article Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev · December 2008 Featured Publication The emergence of a research literature exploring parallels between physical and nonphysical (i.e., social, relational, indirect) forms of aggression has raised many questions about the developmental effects of aggressive behavior on psychological functioni ... Full text Link to item Cite

Peer influence and adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: A theoretical review of mechanisms and moderators

Journal Article Applied and Preventive Psychology · October 1, 2008 Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an increasingly prevalent health risk behavior among adolescents and represents a significant public health concern. Although researchers have identified numerous antecedents or risk factors that precede engagement in NSSI ... Full text Cite

A lab-based examination of adolescent girls’ expressed negative cognitions in response to an in vivo social stressor: Links to depressive symptoms

Journal Article International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · January 1, 2008 Observational methods were used to examine the interaction of expressed negative cognitions to an in vivo social stressor as a concurrent predictor of adolescent girls’ depression. Thirty adolescent females and their close friends participated in a lab-bas ... Full text Cite

Marital Relationship

Chapter · January 1, 2008 In this article, we describe the history of psychological research on marriage and consider how marital relationships affect other family relationships and the social and emotional development of young children. Marital relationships can support or undermi ... Full text Cite

Marital Relationship

Chapter · January 1, 2008 In this article, we describe the history of psychological research on marriage and consider how marital relationships affect other family relationships and the social and emotional development of young children. Marital relationships can support or undermi ... Full text Cite