Scholars@Duke

• Background
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  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • D.M.D., University of Puerto Rico 1989
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  Duke Appointment History

  • Associate Consulting Professor in the Department of Surgery, Surgery, Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Surgery 2009 - 2021
• Expertise
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  Global Scholarship

  • Teaching

    • South America (Continent) 
• Publications & Artistic Works
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  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Ganske, Ingrid M., Karl Sanchez, Elliot Le, Olivia C. Langa, Banafsheh Sharif-Askary, Elizabeth Ross, Pedro Santiago, John G. Meara, Bonnie L. Padwa, and Alexander C. Allori. “Time-Driven, Activity-Based Costing of Presurgical Infant Orthopedics: A Critical Component of Establishing Value of Latham Appliance and Nasoalveolar Molding.” Plast Reconstr Surg 147, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 444–54. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000007669.
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    • Kantar, Rami S., Corstiaan C. Breugem, Kristen Keith, Serena Kassam, Charanya Vijayakumar, Mikaela Bow, Allyson R. Alfonso, et al. “Simulation-Based Comprehensive Cleft Care Workshops: A Reproducible Model for Sustainable Education.” Cleft Palate Craniofac J 57, no. 10 (October 2020): 1238–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/1055665620944781.
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    • Marcus, Jeffrey R., Alexander C. Allori, and Pedro E. Santiago. “Principles of Cleft Lip Repair: Conventions, Commonalities, and Controversies.” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 139, no. 3 (March 2017): 764e-780e. https://doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000003148.
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    • Allori, Alexander C., Janet D. Cragan, Gina C. Della Porta, John B. Mulliken, John G. Meara, Richard Bruun, Stephen Shusterman, et al. “Clinician's Primer to ICD-10-CM Coding for Cleft Lip/Palate Care.” Cleft Palate Craniofac J 54, no. 1 (January 2017): e7–13. https://doi.org/10.1597/15-219.
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    • Santiago, Pedro E., Lindsay A. Schuster, and Daniel Levy-Bercowski. “Management of the alveolar cleft.” Clin Plast Surg 41, no. 2 (April 2014): 219–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cps.2014.01.001.
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    • Santiago, P. E., G. D. Singh, M. A. Yáñez, R. A. Dietrich, P. García, B. H. Grayson, and J. G. McCarthy. “Restitution of the temporomandibular joint in patients with craniofacial microsomia after multiplanar mandibular distraction: Assessment by magnetic resonance imaging.” Seminars in Orthodontics 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 186–96. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2011.02.003.
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    • Santiago, P. E., and B. H. Grayson. “Introduction.” Seminars in Orthodontics 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 181–82. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2011.02.001.
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    • Santiago, P. E., and B. H. Grayson. “Role of the Craniofacial Orthodontist on the Craniofacial and Cleft Lip and Palate Team.” Seminars in Orthodontics 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 225–43. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2009.07.004.
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    • Santiago, P. E., and B. H. Grayson. “Introduction.” Seminars in Orthodontics 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 219–20. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sodo.2009.07.005.
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    • Levy-Bercowski, Daniel, Amara Abreu, Eladio DeLeon, Stephen Looney, John Stockstill, Michael Weiler, and Pedro E. Santiago. “Complications and solutions in presurgical nasoalveolar molding therapy.” Cleft Palate Craniofac J 46, no. 5 (September 2009): 521–28. https://doi.org/10.1597/07-236.1.
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    • Singh, G. D., D. Levy-Bercowski, M. A. Yáñez, and P. E. Santiago. “Three-dimensional facial morphology following surgical repair of unilateral cleft lip and palate in patients after nasoalveolar molding.” Orthod Craniofac Res 10, no. 3 (August 2007): 161–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-6343.2007.00390.x.
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    • Singh, G Dave, Daniel Levy-Bercowski, and Pedro E. Santiago. “Three-dimensional nasal changes following nasoalveolar molding in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: geometric morphometrics.” Cleft Palate Craniofac J 42, no. 4 (July 2005): 403–9. https://doi.org/10.1597/04-063.1.
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    • Santiago, Pedro E., Barry H. Grayson, Mark Degen, Lawrence E. Brecht, G Dave Singh, and Joseph G. McCarthy. “The effect of an early Le Fort III surgery on permanent molar eruption.” Plast Reconstr Surg 115, no. 2 (February 2005): 423–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000149534.12701.11.
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    • Grayson, B. H., P. E. Santiago, L. E. Brecht, and C. B. Cutting. “Presurgical nasoalveolar molding in infants with cleft lip and palate.” Cleft Palate Craniofac J 36, no. 6 (November 1999): 486–98. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1999_036_0486_pnmiiw_2.3.co_2.
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    • Grayson, B. H., and P. E. Santiago. “Treatment planning and biomechanics of distraction osteogenesis from an orthodontic perspective.” Semin Orthod 5, no. 1 (March 1999): 9–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1073-8746(99)80038-3.
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    • Grayson, B. H., and P. E. Santiago. “Treatment planning and biomechanics of distraction osteogenesis from an orthodontic perspective.” Semin Orthod 5, no. 1 (March 1999): 9–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1073-8746(99)80038-3.
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    • Grayson, B. H., and P. E. Santiago. “Treatment planning and vector analysis of mandibular distraction osteogenesis.” Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 7, no. 1 (March 1999): 1–13.
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    • Cutting, C., B. Grayson, L. Brecht, P. Santiago, R. Wood, and S. Kwon. “Presurgical columellar elongation and primary retrograde nasal reconstruction in one-stage bilateral cleft lip and nose repair.” Plast Reconstr Surg 101, no. 3 (March 1998): 630–39. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199803000-00009.
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    • Santiago, P. E., B. H. Grayson, C. B. Cutting, M. P. Gianoutsos, L. E. Brecht, and S. M. Kwon. “Reduced need for alveolar bone grafting by presurgical orthopedics and primary gingivoperiosteoplasty.” Cleft Palate Craniofac J 35, no. 1 (January 1998): 77–80. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1998_035_0077_rnfabg_2.3.co_2.
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    • Grayson, B. H., S. McCormick, P. E. Santiago, and J. G. McCarthy. “Vector of device placement and trajectory of mandibular distraction.” J Craniofac Surg 8, no. 6 (November 1997): 473–80. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001665-199711000-00009.
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    • Miranda, H. F., W. W. Wolstenholme, G. A. Moreu, P. E. Santiago, N. Cuevas, and D. Bustamante. “Alterations in cholinergic mechanism induced by denervation of rat vas-deferens.” Neuroscience Research Communications 8, no. 2 (1991): 67–76.
    • Miranda, Hugo F., Wayne W. Wolstenholme, Gil M. Moreu, and Pedro A. Santiago. “Effects of haloperidol on neurotransmitter activity in the rat vas deferens.” General Pharmacology: The Vascular System 19, no. 1 (1988): 123–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(88)90017-1.
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    • Miranda, H. F., Gil M. Moreu, P. A. Santiago, and W. W. Wolstenholme. “Castration and tolerance induces changes in the levels of the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the isolated vas deferens of the rat.” Neuropharmacology 26, no. 10 (October 1987): 1529–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(87)90175-4.
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    • Miranda, H. F., W. W. Wolstenholme, G. M. Moreu, and P. A. Santiago. “Ontogenesis of autonomic receptors and AChE activity in the rat vas deferens.” General Pharmacology: The Vascular System 18, no. 4 (January 1987): 425–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(87)90102-9.
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  • Conference Papers

    • Grayson, B. H., and P. E. Santiago. “Distraction osteogenesis [introduction].” In Semin Orthod, 5:1–73, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1073-8746(99)80036-x.
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