Scholars@Duke
Pedro E Santiago

Pedro E Santiago

Associate Professor of Surgery
Surgery, Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery
pedro.santiago@duke.edu
3475 Erwin Road, Craniofacial Orthodontics/Aesthetic Cent, Durham, NC 27705
3475 Erwin Road, Craniofacial Orthodontics/Aesthetic Cent, Durham, NC 27705
Office hours

Selected Publications

Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of the Evidence Base for Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM).

Journal Article Cleft Palate Craniofac J · April 2024 OBJECTIVE: To critically appraise the body of scientific literature supporting the risks and efficacy of nasoalveolar molding (NAM), specifically in contrast to alternative methods of presurgical infant orthopedics (PSIO) or to treatment without PSIO. MAIN ... Full text Link to item Cite

The First Hybrid International Educational Comprehensive Cleft Care Workshop.

Journal Article Cleft Palate Craniofac J · October 2023 OBJECTIVE: Describe the first hybrid global simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshop, evaluate impact on participants, and compare experiences based on in-person versus virtual attendance. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey-based evaluation. SETTING: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Time-Driven, Activity-Based Costing of Presurgical Infant Orthopedics: A Critical Component of Establishing Value of Latham Appliance and Nasoalveolar Molding.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · March 1, 2021 BACKGROUND: Value-based health-care reform requires assessment of outcomes and costs of medical interventions. In cleft care, presurgical infant orthopedics is still being evaluated for clinical benefits and risks; however, the cost of these procedures has ... Full text Link to item Cite

Simulation-Based Comprehensive Cleft Care Workshops: A Reproducible Model for Sustainable Education.

Journal Article Cleft Palate Craniofac J · October 2020 OBJECTIVE: Evaluate simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshops as a reproducible model for education with sustained impact. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey-based evaluation. SETTING: Simulation-based comprehensive cleft care workshop. PARTICIPANTS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

NAM Therapy-Evidence-Based Results.

Journal Article Cleft Palate Craniofac J · April 2020 Many orthodontists working on patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have shown great enthusiasm for presurgical infant orthopedics (PSIO) to improve surgical outcomes with minimal intervention. Even though every clinician aims to use the best treatment ... Full text Link to item Cite

Principles of Cleft Lip Repair: Conventions, Commonalities, and Controversies.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · March 2017 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the principles of contemporary methods for repair of unilateral and bilateral cleft lip. 2. Understand the design elements of a poor repair that predispose to ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinician's Primer to ICD-10-CM Coding for Cleft Lip/Palate Care.

Journal Article Cleft Palate Craniofac J · January 2017 On October 1, 2015, the United States required use of the Clinical Modification of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10-CM) for diagnostic coding. This primer was written to assist the cleft care community with understanding ... Full text Link to item Cite

Management of the alveolar cleft.

Journal Article Clin Plast Surg · April 2014 Orthopedic and orthodontic management of patients born with clefts of the lip, alveolus and palate is based on the application of basic biomechanical principles adapted to the individualized cleft anatomy. This article focuses on orthopedic and orthodontic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Introduction

Journal Article Seminars in Orthodontics · September 1, 2011 Full text Cite

Restitution of the temporomandibular joint in patients with craniofacial microsomia after multiplanar mandibular distraction: Assessment by magnetic resonance imaging

Journal Article Seminars in Orthodontics · September 1, 2011 The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the response of hypoplastic temporomandibular joints (TMJs) to mandibular distraction osteogenesis. This preliminary study describes changes in 2 male patients with unilateral craniofacial microsomia who w ... Full text Cite

Role of the Craniofacial Orthodontist on the Craniofacial and Cleft Lip and Palate Team

Journal Article Seminars in Orthodontics · December 1, 2009 Patients born with a craniofacial deformity and their families experience significant psychosocial effect as they deal with physical appearance that has been esthetically and functionally compromised. The deformity usually involves skeletal and soft-tissue ... Full text Cite

Introduction

Journal Article Seminars in Orthodontics · December 1, 2009 Full text Cite

Complications and solutions in presurgical nasoalveolar molding therapy.

Journal Article Cleft Palate Craniofac J · September 2009 OBJECTIVE: To outline three main categories of nasoalveolar molding complications, describe their etiologies and manifestations, and prescribe preventive and palliative therapy for their proper management. Estimates of the incidence of each complication al ... Full text Link to item Cite

Three-dimensional facial morphology following surgical repair of unilateral cleft lip and palate in patients after nasoalveolar molding.

Journal Article Orthod Craniofac Res · August 2007 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate three-dimensional (3D) facial morphology in patients surgically corrected for unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) following pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding (NAM). DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal study. Digital stereophotogramm ... Full text Link to item Cite

Three-dimensional nasal changes following nasoalveolar molding in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: geometric morphometrics.

Journal Article Cleft Palate Craniofac J · July 2005 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate three-dimensional changes in nasal morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated with presurgical nasoalveolar molding (NAM) to correct naso-labio-alveolar deformity. DESIGN: This was a prospective, longitudinal ... Full text Link to item Cite

The effect of an early Le Fort III surgery on permanent molar eruption.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · February 2005 The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the extent to which an early Le Fort III osteotomy affects the position and eruption of the permanent maxillary first and second molars. To test the null hypothesis that there are no changes in erupti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Presurgical nasoalveolar molding in infants with cleft lip and palate.

Journal Article Cleft Palate Craniofac J · November 1999 Presurgical infant orthopedics has been employed since the 1950s as an adjunctive neonatal therapy for the correction of cleft lip and palate. In this paper, we present a paradigm shift from the traditional methods of presurgical infant orthopedics. Some o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment planning and biomechanics of distraction osteogenesis from an orthodontic perspective.

Journal Article Semin Orthod · March 1999 As in traditional combined surgical and orthodontic procedures, the orthodontist has a role in the planning and orthodontic support of patients undergoing distraction osteogenesis. This role includes predistraction assessment of the craniofacial skeleton a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment planning and biomechanics of distraction osteogenesis from an orthodontic perspective.

Journal Article Semin Orthod · March 1999 As in traditional combined surgical and orthodontic procedures, the orthodontist has a role in the planning and orthodontic support of patients undergoing distraction osteogenesis. This role includes predistraction assessment of the craniofacial skeleton a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment planning and vector analysis of mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Journal Article Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am · March 1999 Link to item Cite

Presurgical columellar elongation and primary retrograde nasal reconstruction in one-stage bilateral cleft lip and nose repair.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · March 1998 We present a new combined approach to primary bilateral cleft lip, nose, and alveolus repair using presurgical nasoalveolar molding combined with a one-stage lip, nose, and alveolus repair. Presurgical alveolar molding is used to bring the protruding prema ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reduced need for alveolar bone grafting by presurgical orthopedics and primary gingivoperiosteoplasty.

Journal Article Cleft Palate Craniofac J · January 1998 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if narrowing and approximation of the alveolar cleft through presurgical alveolar molding followed by gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP) at the time of lip repair reduces the need for a bone-grafting procedure ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vector of device placement and trajectory of mandibular distraction.

Journal Article J Craniofac Surg · November 1997 The role of preoperative planning, the geometric changes, and the long-term effects of mandibular distraction have not been previously reported. This study included 10 patients who underwent unilateral (5 patients) or bilateral (5 patients) mandibular dist ... Full text Link to item Cite

Alterations in cholinergic mechanism induced by denervation of rat vas-deferens.

Journal Article Neuroscience Research Communications · 1991 Cite

Effects of haloperidol on neurotransmitter activity in the rat vas deferens

Journal Article General Pharmacology: The Vascular System · 1988 Full text Cite

Ontogenesis of autonomic receptors and AChE activity in the rat vas deferens

Journal Article General Pharmacology: The Vascular System · January 1987 Full text Cite