Pei Zhong | Scholars@Duke

Pei Zhong
Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science

My research focuses on engineering and technology development with applications in the non-invasive or minimally invasive treatment of kidney stone disease via shock wave and laser lithotripsy, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and immunotherapy for cancer treatment, acoustic and optical cavitation, and ultrasound neuromodulation via sonogenetics.

We are taking an integrated and translational approach that combines fundamental research with engineering and applied technology development to devise novel and enabling ultrasonic, optical, and mechanical tools for a variety of clinical applications. We are interested in shock wave/laser-fluid-bubble-solid interaction, and resultant mechanical and thermal fields that lead to material damage and removal. We also investigate the stress response of biological cell and tissue induced by cavitation and ultrasound exposure, mediated through mechanosensitive ion channels, such as Piezo 1. Our research activities are primarily supported by NIH and through collaborations with the medical device industry.

Current Research Interests

Mechanistic investigation and technology development in shock wave and laser lithotripsy; Ultrasound-elicited mechanotransduction, neuromodulation and sonogenetics; HIFU and immunotherapy for cancer treatment; Acoustic and optical cavitation.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering 2012
Bass Fellow, Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering 2018

Contact Information

1103 Engineering Annex, Box 90300, Durham, NC 27708
1103 Engineering Annex, Box 90300, Durham, NC 27708-0300
pzhong@duke.edu (919) 660-5336
Google Scholar

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Texas, Arlington 1992
- M.Sc., University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Medical School 1988
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2016 - 2020
- Anderson-Rupp Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering 2013 - 2018
- Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering 2008 - 2012
- Associate Professor in Surgery, Surgery, Urology, Surgery 2010 - 2011
- Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering 2005 - 2007
- Research Professor, Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering 2004 - 2005
- Associate Research Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering 1994 - 2004
- Assistant Research Professor of Urology in the Department of Surgery, Surgery, Clinical Science Departments 2003 - 2004
Recognition
In the News
- NOV 5, 2019 Pratt School of Engineering
  
  The Physics of Raindrops Cracking Windows May Help Demolish Kidney Stones
- DEC 7, 2015 Pratt School of Engineering
  
  Catching Cellular Impacts of Bubbles and Jets
- MAR 19, 2014 Business Standard
  
  New method boon for kidney stone treatment
Awards & Honors
Expertise
Subject Headings
Global Scholarship
- Expertise
  - United States of America (Country)
Research
Selected Grants
- Title: NRT-FW-HTF: NSF Traineeship in the Advancement of Surgical Technologies awarded by National Science Foundation 2021 - 2026
- Innovations in Shock Wave Lithotripsy Technology awarded by National Institutes of Health 1997 - 2026
- Enhancing Laser Lithotripsy via Nanoparticle Fine-Tuned NIR absorption awarded by National Institutes of Health 2022 - 2025
- Collaborative Research: Investigating Crack Nucleation and Growth Under Dynamic Fatigue: Application to Nano-Pulse Lithotripsy awarded by National Science Foundation 2021 - 2024
- Duke KURe Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2023
- Improving Mechanistic Understanding and Treatment Efficiency of Laser Lithotripsy awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2022
- CAREER: Experimental validation of a new multiphase fluid computational model of cavitation bubble-bubble interaction awarded by Virginia Tech 2019 - 2020
- In Vitro Assessment and Optimization of New Laser Lithotripsy Technologies for Treatment of Kidney Stones awarded by Urology Care Foundation 2019 - 2020
- Probing the Bioeffects of Cavitation at Single-Cell Level awarded by National Institutes of Health 2014 - 2017
- Novel Strategies to Broaden the Impact of HIFU Therapy in Cancer Management awarded by National Institutes of Health 2008 - 2011
- Innovations in Shock Wave Lithotripsy Technology awarded by National Institutes of Health 1997 - 2010
- Targeted Gene Delivery and Activation by Ultrasound awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2009
- A Novel Combination of Thermal Ablation and Heat-Induced Gene Therapy awarded by United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command 2006 - 2009
- Effect of Shockwaves on the Biochemical and Biomechanical Function of Cells (supplement) awarded by Army Research Office 2007 - 2009
- Cavitation and Wound Healing In SWL awarded by National Institutes of Health 2000 - 2008
- Ultra High-speed Imaging System awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2008
- A Novel Ultrasound System for Epo Gene Therapy awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2007
- Innovations in Shock Wave Lithotripsy Technology (Supplement) awarded by National Institutes of Health 1997 - 2006
- Flexible Catheter for the Delivery of Ionizing Radiation awarded by National Institutes of Health 2001 - 2004
- Innovations in Shock Wave Lithotripsy Technology awarded by National Institutes of Health 1997 - 2001
- Shockwave Mediated Gene Transfer and Drug Delivery awarded by National Institutes of Health 1997 - 1999
- Shockwave-mediated Gene Transfer and Drug Delivery awarded by National Institutes of Health 1997 - 1999
- Cavitation-Mediated Gene Transfer awarded by National Science Foundation 1997 - 1998
External Relationships
- Dornier Medtech
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Tran, Sabrina, Junqin Chen, Gunnar Kozel, Eric T. Chang, Trina Phung, Yanxi Peng, Zachary Dionise, et al. “Development of an optically transparent kidney model for laser lithotripsy research.” Bju Int, March 29, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.16015.
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  - Xiang, Gaoming, Daiwei Li, Junqin Chen, Arpit Mishra, Georgy Sankin, Xuning Zhao, Yuqi Tang, Kevin Wang, Junjie Yao, and Pei Zhong. “Dissimilar cavitation dynamics and damage patterns produced by parallel fiber alignment to the stone surface in holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser lithotripsy.” Physics of Fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) 35, no. 3 (March 2023): 033303. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0139741.
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  - Chen, Junqin, Daiwei Li, Wenjun Yu, Zhiteng Ma, Chenhang Li, Gaoming Xiang, Yuan Wu, Junjie Yao, and Pei Zhong. “The Effects of Scanning Speed and Standoff Distance of the Fiber on Dusting Efficiency during Short Pulse Holmium: YAG Laser Lithotripsy.” J Clin Med 11, no. 17 (August 28, 2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11175048.
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  - Chen, Junqin, Derek S. Ho, Gaoming Xiang, Georgy Sankin, Glenn M. Preminger, Michael E. Lipkin, and Pei Zhong. “Cavitation Plays a Vital Role in Stone Dusting During Short Pulse Holmium:YAG Laser Lithotripsy.” J Endourol 36, no. 5 (May 2022): 674–83. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2021.0526.
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  - Zhong, Pei, Michael E. Lipkin, and Glenn M. Preminger. “Editorial Comment:Elucidating the Mechanism of Stone Dusting Requires a Fresh and Rigorous Approach in the New Era of Laser Lithotripsy.” J Endourol 36, no. 5 (May 2022): 686–87. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2022.0174.
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  - Abe, Shinya, Hiroshi Nagata, Erika J. Crosby, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Kensuke Kaneko, Cong-Xiao Liu, Xiao Yang, et al. “Combination of ultrasound-based mechanical disruption of tumor with immune checkpoint blockade modifies tumor microenvironment and augments systemic antitumor immunity.” J Immunother Cancer 10, no. 1 (January 2022). https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-003717.
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  - Terry, Russell S., Derek S. Ho, Dominick M. Scialabba, Patrick S. Whelan, Robert Qi, Brian T. Ketterman, Glenn M. Preminger, Pei Zhong, and Michael E. Lipkin. “Comparison of Different Pulse Modulation Modes for Holmium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser Lithotripsy Ablation in a Benchtop Model.” J Endourol 36, no. 1 (January 2022): 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2021.0113.
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  - Vu, Tri, Yuqi Tang, Mucong Li, Georgii Sankin, Shanshan Tang, Shigao Chen, Pei Zhong, and Junjie Yao. “Photoacoustic computed tomography of mechanical HIFU-induced vascular injury.” Biomedical Optics Express 12, no. 9 (September 2021): 5489–98. https://doi.org/10.1364/boe.426660.
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  - Xiang, Gaoming, Xiaojian Ma, Cosima Liang, Hongyang Yu, Defei Liao, Georgy Sankin, Shunxiang Cao, Kevin Wang, and Pei Zhong. “Variations of stress field and stone fracture produced at different lateral locations in a shockwave lithotripter field.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150, no. 2 (August 2021): 1013. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0005823.
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  - Li, Mucong, Juanjuan Gu, Tri Vu, Georgy Sankin, Pei Zhong, Junjie Yao, and Yun Jing. “Time-Resolved Passive Cavitation Mapping Using the Transient Angular Spectrum Approach.” Ieee Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 68, no. 7 (July 2021): 2361–69. https://doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2021.3062357.
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  - Ho, Derek S., Dominick Scialabba, Russell S. Terry, Xiaojian Ma, Junqin Chen, Georgy N. Sankin, Gaoming Xiang, et al. “The Role of Cavitation in Energy Delivery and Stone Damage During Laser Lithotripsy.” J Endourol 35, no. 6 (June 2021): 860–70. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2020.0349.
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  - Li, Mucong, Georgy Sankin, Tri Vu, Junjie Yao, and Pei Zhong. “Tri-modality cavitation mapping in shock wave lithotripsy.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 149, no. 2 (February 2021): 1258. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0003555.
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  - Li, Fenfang, Tae Hyun Park, George Sankin, Christopher Gilchrist, Defei Liao, Chon U. Chan, Zheng Mao, Brenton D. Hoffman, and Pei Zhong. “Mechanically induced integrin ligation mediates intracellular calcium signaling with single pulsating cavitation bubbles.” Theranostics 11, no. 12 (January 2021): 6090–6104. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.56813.
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  - Li, Mucong, Tri Vu, Georgy Sankin, Brenton Winship, Kohldon Boydston, Russell Terry, Pei Zhong, and Junjie Yao. “Internal-Illumination Photoacoustic Tomography Enhanced by a Graded-Scattering Fiber Diffuser.” Ieee Transactions on Medical Imaging 40, no. 1 (January 2021): 346–56. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2020.3027199.
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  - Liao, Defei, Ming-Yen Hsiao, Gaoming Xiang, and Pei Zhong. “Optimal pulse length of insonification for Piezo1 activation and intracellular calcium response.” Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 709. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78553-2.
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  - Zhong, Pei. “Editorial Comment on: "In Vitro Evaluation of Urinary Stone Comminution with a Clinical Burst Wave Lithotripsy System" by Ramesh et al.” Journal of Endourology 34, no. 11 (November 2020): 1173–74. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2020.0358.
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  - Kim, Howuk, Huaiyu Wu, Namwoo Cho, Pei Zhong, Kamran Mahmood, Herbert Kim Lyerly, and Xiaoning Jiang. “Miniaturized Intracavitary Forward-Looking Ultrasound Transducer for Tissue Ablation.” Ieee Trans Biomed Eng 67, no. 7 (July 2020): 2084–93. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2019.2954524.
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  - Li, Mucong, Bangxin Lan, Georgii Sankin, Yuan Zhou, Wei Liu, Jun Xia, Depeng Wang, Gregg Trahey, Pei Zhong, and Junjie Yao. “Simultaneous Photoacoustic Imaging and Cavitation Mapping in Shockwave Lithotripsy.” Ieee Transactions on Medical Imaging 39, no. 2 (February 2020): 468–77. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2928740.
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  - Zhang, Ying, Chen Yang, Hao Qiang, and Pei Zhong. “Nanosecond shock wave-induced surface acoustic waves and dynamic fracture at fluid-solid boundaries.” Physical Review Research 1, no. 3 (November 2019): 033068. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.1.033068.
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  - Liao, Defei, Fenfang Li, David Lu, and Pei Zhong. “Activation of Piezo1 mechanosensitive ion channel in HEK293T cells by 30 MHz vertically deployed surface acoustic waves.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 518, no. 3 (October 2019): 541–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.078.
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  - Cao, S., Y. Zhang, D. Liao, P. Zhong, and K. G. Wang. “Shock-Induced Damage and Dynamic Fracture in Cylindrical Bodies Submerged in Liquid.” International Journal of Solids and Structures 169 (September 2019): 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2019.04.002.
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  - Zhong, Pei. “Editorial Comment on: The Impact of Dust and Confinement on Fragmentation of Kidney Stones by Shockwave Lithotripsy in Tissue Phantoms by Randad et al. (From: Randad A, Ahn J, Bailey MR, et al. J Endourol 2019;33:400-406; DOI: 10.1089/end.2018.0516).” Journal of Endourology 33, no. 5 (May 2019): 407. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2019.0157.
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  - Zhou, Yuan, Mucong Li, Wei Liu, Georgy Sankin, Jianwen Luo, Pei Zhong, and Junjie Yao. “Thermal Memory Based Photoacoustic Imaging of Temperature.” Optica 6, no. 2 (February 2019): 198–205. https://doi.org/10.1364/optica.6.000198.
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  - Carlos, Evan C., Daniel A. Wollin, Brenton B. Winship, Ruiyang Jiang, Daniela Radvak, Ben H. Chew, Michael R. Gustafson, et al. “In Vitro Comparison of a Novel Single Probe Dual-Energy Lithotripter to Current Devices.” J Endourol 32, no. 6 (June 2018): 534–40. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2018.0143.
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  - Fovargue, Daniel, Sorin Mitran, Georgy Sankin, Ying Zhang, and Pei Zhong. “An experimentally-calibrated damage mechanics model for stone fracture in shock wave lithotripsy.” International Journal of Fracture 211, no. 1–2 (May 2018): 203–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-018-0283-x.
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  - Li, Fenfang, Chen Yang, Fang Yuan, Defei Liao, Thomas Li, Farshid Guilak, and Pei Zhong. “Dynamics and mechanisms of intracellular calcium waves elicited by tandem bubble-induced jetting flow.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115, no. 3 (January 2018): E353–62. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713905115.
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  - Xing, Yifei, Tony T. Chen, Walter N. Simmons, Georgy Sankin, Franklin H. Cocks, Michael E. Lipkin, Glenn M. Preminger, and Pei Zhong. “Comparison of Broad vs Narrow Focal Width Lithotripter Fields.” J Endourol 31, no. 5 (May 2017): 502–9. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2016.0560.
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  - Li, Fenfang, Fang Yuan, Georgy Sankin, Chen Yang, and Pei Zhong. “A Microfluidic System with Surface Patterning for Investigating Cavitation Bubble(s)-Cell Interaction and the Resultant Bioeffects at the Single-cell Level.” Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove, no. 119 (January 2017). https://doi.org/10.3791/55106.
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  - Kaplan, Adam G., Tony T. Chen, Georgy Sankin, Chen Yang, Joanne A. Dale, W Neal Simmons, Pei Zhong, Glenn M. Preminger, and Michael Eric Lipkin. “Comparison of the Nanopulse Lithotripter to the Holmium Laser: Stone Fragmentation Efficiency and Impact on Flexible Ureteroscope Deflection and Flow.” J Endourol 30, no. 11 (November 2016): 1150–54. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2016.0228.
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  - Zhang, Ying, Isaac Nault, Sorin Mitran, Edwin S. Iversen, and Pei Zhong. “Effects of Stone Size on the Comminution Process and Efficiency in Shock Wave Lithotripsy.” Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 42, no. 11 (November 2016): 2662–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.06.018.
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  - Yuan, Fang, Chen Yang, and Pei Zhong. “Cell membrane deformation and bioeffects produced by tandem bubble-induced jetting flow.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, no. 51 (December 2015): E7039–47. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518679112.
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  - Frank, S., J. Lautz, G. N. Sankin, A. J. Szeri, and P. Zhong. “Bubble Proliferation or Dissolution of Cavitation Nuclei in the Beam Path of a Shock-Wave Lithotripter.” Physical Review Applied 3, no. 3 (March 3, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.3.034002.
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  - Neisius, Andreas, Michael E. Lipkin, Jens J. Rassweiler, Pei Zhong, Glenn M. Preminger, and Thomas Knoll. “Shock wave lithotripsy: the new phoenix?” World J Urol 33, no. 2 (February 2015): 213–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-014-1369-3.
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  - Neisius, Andreas, Nathan B. Smith, Georgy Sankin, Nicholas John Kuntz, John Francis Madden, Daniel E. Fovargue, Sorin Mitran, et al. “Improving the lens design and performance of a contemporary electromagnetic shock wave lithotripter.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111, no. 13 (April 1, 2014): E1167–75. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319203111.
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  - Yuan, F., G. Sankin, C. Yang, and P. Zhong. “Probing the bioeffects of cavitation at the single-cell level.” J Acoust Soc Am 134, no. 5 (November 2013): 3992. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4830559.
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  - Mancini, John G., Andreas Neisius, Nathan Smith, Georgy Sankin, Gaston M. Astroza, Michael E. Lipkin, W Neal Simmons, Glenn M. Preminger, and Pei Zhong. “Assessment of a modified acoustic lens for electromagnetic shock wave lithotripters in a swine model.” J Urol 190, no. 3 (September 2013): 1096–1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.074.
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  - Fovargue, Daniel E., Sorin Mitran, Nathan B. Smith, Georgy N. Sankin, Walter N. Simmons, and Pei Zhong. “Experimentally validated multiphysics computational model of focusing and shock wave formation in an electromagnetic lithotripter.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134, no. 2 (August 2013): 1598–1609. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4812881.
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  - Smith, Nathan B., and Pei Zhong. “A heuristic model of stone comminution in shock wave lithotripsy.” J Acoust Soc Am 134, no. 2 (August 2013): 1548–58. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4812876.
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  - Lautz, Jaclyn, Georgy Sankin, and Pei Zhong. “Turbulent water coupling in shock wave lithotripsy.” Phys Med Biol 58, no. 3 (February 7, 2013): 735–48. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/58/3/735.
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  - Hsiao, C. -. T., J. -. K. Choi, S. Singh, G. L. Chahine, T. A. Hay, Yu A. Ilinskii, E. A. Zabolotskaya, et al. “Modelling single- and tandem-bubble dynamics between two parallel plates for biomedical applications.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 716 (2013): 137–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.526.
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  - Wang, Agnes J., Gregory T. Baldwin, James C. Gabriel, F Hadley Cocks, Zachariah G. Goldsmith, Muhammad W. Iqbal, Gaston M. Astroza, et al. “In-vitro assessment of a new portable ballistic lithotripter with percutaneous and ureteroscopic models.” J Endourol 26, no. 11 (November 2012): 1500–1505. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2012.0278.
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  - Smith, N., and P. Zhong. “Stone comminution correlates with the average peak pressure incident on a stone during shock wave lithotripsy.” J Biomech 45, no. 15 (October 11, 2012): 2520–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.07.025.
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  - Sankin, Georgy N., David Piech, and Pei Zhong. “Stereoscopic high-speed imaging using additive colors.” Rev Sci Instrum 83, no. 4 (April 2012): 043701. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3697747.
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  - Huang, Xiaoyi, Fang Yuan, Meihua Liang, Hui-Wen Lo, Mari L. Shinohara, Cary Robertson, and Pei Zhong. “M-HIFU inhibits tumor growth, suppresses STAT3 activity and enhances tumor specific immunity in a transplant tumor model of prostate cancer.” Plos One 7, no. 7 (2012): e41632. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041632.
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  - Yuan, Fang, Georgy Sankin, and Pei Zhong. “Dynamics of tandem bubble interaction in a microfluidic channel.” J Acoust Soc Am 130, no. 5 (November 2011): 3339–46. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3626134.
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  - Yong, Daniel Z., Michael E. Lipkin, W Neal Simmons, Georgy Sankin, David M. Albala, Pei Zhong, and Glenn M. Preminger. “Optimization of treatment strategy used during shockwave lithotripsy to maximize stone fragmentation efficiency.” J Endourol 25, no. 9 (September 2011): 1507–11. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2010.0732.
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  - Zilberman, D. E., M. E. Lipkin, M. N. Ferrandino, W. N. Simmons, J. G. Mancini, M. E. Raymundo, P. Zhong, and G. M. Preminger. “The digital flexible ureteroscope: In vitro assessment of optical characteristics.” International Braz J Urol 37, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 398. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-55382011000300015.
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  - Zilberman, Dorit E., Michael E. Lipkin, Michael N. Ferrandino, Walter Neal Simmons, John G. Mancini, Maria E. Raymundo, Pei Zhong, and Glenn M. Preminger. “The digital flexible ureteroscope: in vitro assessment of optical characteristics.” J Endourol 25, no. 3 (March 2011): 519–22. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2010.0206.
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  - Lautz, Jaclyn, Georgy Sankin, Fang Yuan, and Pei Zhong. “Displacement of particles in microfluidics by laser-generated tandem bubbles.” Appl Phys Lett 97, no. 18 (November 1, 2010): 183701. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3511538.
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  - Esch, Eric, Walter Neal Simmons, Georgy Sankin, Hadley F. Cocks, Glenn M. Preminger, and Pei Zhong. “A simple method for fabricating artificial kidney stones of different physical properties.” Urol Res 38, no. 4 (August 2010): 315–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-010-0298-x.
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  - Sankin, G. N., F. Yuan, and P. Zhong. “Pulsating tandem microbubble for localized and directional single-cell membrane poration.” Physical Review Letters 105, no. 7 (August 2010): 078101. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.105.078101.
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  - Qin, Jun, W Neal Simmons, Georgy Sankin, and Pei Zhong. “Effect of lithotripter focal width on stone comminution in shock wave lithotripsy.” J Acoust Soc Am 127, no. 4 (April 2010): 2635–45. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3308409.
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  - Simmons, W. N., F. H. Cocks, P. Zhong, and Glenn Preminger. “A composite kidney stone phantom with mechanical properties controllable over the range of human kidney stones.” J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 3, no. 1 (January 2010): 130–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2009.08.004.
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  - Liu, Fang, Zhenlin Hu, Lei Qiu, Chun Hui, Chao Li, Pei Zhong, and Junping Zhang. “Boosting high-intensity focused ultrasound-induced anti-tumor immunity using a sparse-scan strategy that can more effectively promote dendritic cell maturation.” Journal of Translational Medicine 8 (January 2010): 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-8-7.
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  - Xing, Yifei, Eric C. Pua, Xiaochun Lu, and Pei Zhong. “Low-amplitude ultrasound enhances hydrodynamic-based gene delivery to rat kidney.” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 386, no. 1 (August 2009): 217–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.020.
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  - Pierre, Sean A., Michael N. Ferrandino, W Neal Simmons, Christina Fernandez, Pei Zhong, David M. Albala, and Glenn M. Preminger. “High definition laparoscopy: objective assessment of performance characteristics and comparison with standard laparoscopy.” J Endourol 23, no. 3 (March 2009): 523–28. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2008.0277.
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  - Lu, X., G. Sankin, E. C. Pua, J. Madden, and P. Zhong. “Activation of transgene expression in skeletal muscle by focused ultrasound.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 379, no. 2 (February 6, 2009): 428–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.12.090.
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  - Pua, Eric C., and Pei Zhong. “Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery.” Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine : The Quarterly Magazine of the Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society 28, no. 1 (January 2009): 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/memb.2008.931017.
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  - Xing, Y., X. Lu, E. C. Pua, and P. Zhong. “The effect of high intensity focused ultrasound treatment on metastases in a murine melanoma model.” Aip Conference Proceedings 1113 (2009): 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3131437.
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  - Barthel, J., S. Konkar, G. Sankin, E. Darling, F. Guilak, P. Zhong, B. LaMattina, and S. Zauscher. “Effect of shockwaves on the biomechanical and biochemical function of cells.” Society for Experimental Mechanics 11th International Congress and Exhibition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics 2008 3 (December 1, 2008): 1315–19.
  - Xing, Yifei, Xiaochun Lu, Eric C. Pua, and Pei Zhong. “The effect of high intensity focused ultrasound treatment on metastases in a murine melanoma model.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 375, no. 4 (October 31, 2008): 645–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.072.
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  - Sankin, Georgy N., Yufeng Zhou, and Pei Zhong. “Focusing of shock waves induced by optical breakdown in water.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 6 (June 2008): 4071–81. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2903865.
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  - Hu, Zhenlin, Xiao Yi Yang, Yunbo Liu, Georgy N. Sankin, Eric C. Pua, Michael A. Morse, H Kim Lyerly, Timothy M. Clay, and Pei Zhong. “Investigation of HIFU-induced anti-tumor immunity in a murine tumor model.” J Transl Med 5 (July 11, 2007): 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-5-34.
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  - Fuh, Eric, George E. Haleblian, Regina D. Norris, W David M. Albala, Neal Simmons, Pei Zhong, and Glenn M. Preminger. “The effect of frequency doubled double pulse Nd:YAG laser fiber proximity to the target stone on transient cavitation and acoustic emission.” J Urol 177, no. 4 (April 2007): 1542–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.11.078.
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  - Iloreta, Jonathan I., Yufeng Zhou, Georgy N. Sankin, Pei Zhong, and Andrew J. Szeri. “Assessment of shock wave lithotripters via cavitation potential.” Phys Fluids (1994) 19, no. 8 (2007): 86103. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2760279.
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  - Klaseboer, Evert, Siew Wan Fong, Cary K. Turangan, Boo Cheong Khoo, Andrew J. Szeri, Michael L. Calvisi, Georgy N. Sankin, and Pei Zhong. “Interaction of lithotripter shockwaves with single inertial cavitation bubbles.” J Fluid Mech 593 (2007): 33–56. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002211200700852X.
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  - Liu, Yunbo, Takashi Kon, Chuanyuan Li, and Pei Zhong. “High intensity focused ultrasound-induced gene activation in solid tumors.” J Acoust Soc Am 120, no. 1 (July 2006): 492–501. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2205129.
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  - Zhou, Y. F., and P. Zhong. “The effect of reflector geometry on the acoustic field and bubble dynamics produced by an electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripter.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, no. 6 (June 2006): 3625–36.
  - Sankin, G. N., and P. Zhong. “Interaction between shock wave and single inertial bubbles near an elastic boundary.” Physical Review E Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics 74, no. 4 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.74.046304.
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  - Delvecchio, Fernando C., Ricardo M. Brizuela, Saeed R. Khan, Karen Byer, Zaiquan Li, Pei Zhong, and Glenn M. Preminger. “Citrate and vitamin E blunt the shock wave-induced free radical surge in an in vitro cell culture model.” Urol Res 33, no. 6 (December 2005): 448–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-005-0506-2.
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  - Liu, Yunbo, Takashi Kon, Chuanyuan Li, and Pei Zhong. “High intensity focused ultrasound-induced gene activation in sublethally injured tumor cells in vitro.” J Acoust Soc Am 118, no. 5 (November 2005): 3328–36. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2041247.
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  - Hu, Zhenlin, Xiao Yi Yang, Yunbo Liu, Michael A. Morse, H Kim Lyerly, Timothy M. Clay, and Pei Zhong. “Release of endogenous danger signals from HIFU-treated tumor cells and their stimulatory effects on APCs.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 335, no. 1 (September 16, 2005): 124–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.071.
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  - Sankin, G. N., W. N. Simmons, S. L. Zhu, and P. Zhong. “Shock wave interaction with laser-generated single bubbles.” Physical Review Letters 95, no. 3 (July 2005): 034501. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.95.034501.
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  - Marguet, Charles G., Jeff C. Sung, W Patrick Springhart, James O. L’Esperance, Songlin Zhou, Pei Zhong, David M. Albala, and Glenn M. Preminger. “In vitro comparison of stone retropulsion and fragmentation of the frequency doubled, double pulse nd:yag laser and the holmium:yag laser.” J Urol 173, no. 5 (May 2005): 1797–1800. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000154341.08206.69.
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  - Lu, X., and P. Zhong. “Ultrasound-induced cell detachment and gene transfection in adherent cells.” Acoustic Research Letters Online 6, no. 3 (2005): 195–200. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1909243.
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  - Zhou, Yufeng, Franklin H. Cocks, Glenn M. Preminger, and Pei Zhong. “Innovations in shock wave lithotripsy technology: updates in experimental studies.” J Urol 172, no. 5 Pt 1 (November 2004): 1892–98. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000142827.41910.a2.
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  - Auge, Brian K., Jeffery J. Sekula, W Patrick Springhart, Songlin Zhu, Pei Zhong, and Glenn M. Preminger. “In vitro comparison of fragmentation efficiency of flexible pneumatic lithotripsy using 2 flexible ureteroscopes.” J Urol 172, no. 3 (September 2004): 967–70. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000134380.68368.38.
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  - Zhou, Yufeng, Franklin H. Cocks, Glenn M. Preminger, and Pei Zhong. “The effect of treatment strategy on stone comminution efficiency in shock wave lithotripsy.” J Urol 172, no. 1 (July 2004): 349–54. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000132356.97888.8b.
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  - Heimbach, D., J. Kourambas, P. Zhong, J. Jacobs, A. Hesse, S. C. Mueller, F. C. Delvecchio, F. H. Cocks, and G. M. Preminger. “The use of chemical treatments for improved comminution of artificial stones.” J Urol 171, no. 5 (May 2004): 1797–1801. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000118962.31123.fd.
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  - Zhu, Songlin, Thomas Dreyer, Marko Liebler, Rainer Riedlinger, Glenn M. Preminger, and Pei Zhong. “Reduction of tissue injury in shock-wave lithotripsy by using an acoustic diode.” Ultrasound Med Biol 30, no. 5 (May 2004): 675–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.03.008.
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  - Zhong, P. “Evaluation of a Bifocal Reflector on a Clinical Lithotripter: Editorial Comment.” Journal of Endourology 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 15–16.
  - Chen, W. S., X. C. Lu, Y. B. Liu, and P. Zhong. “The effect of surface agitation on ultrasound-mediated gene transfer in vitro.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116, no. 4 (2004): 2440–50. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1777855.
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  - Sheir, Khaled Z., Nasim Zabihi, David Lee, Joel M. Teichman, Jamil Rehman, Chandru P. Sundaram, Dirk Heimbach, et al. “Evaluation of synchronous twin pulse technique for shock wave lithotripsy: determination of optimal parameters for in vitro stone fragmentation.” J Urol 170, no. 6 Pt 1 (December 2003): 2190–94. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000094188.69698.f8.
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  - Delvecchio, Fernando C., Brian K. Auge, Ricardo M. Brizuela, Alon Z. Weizer, Pei Zhong, and Glenn M. Preminger. “In vitro analysis of stone fragmentation ability of the FREDDY laser.” J Endourol 17, no. 3 (April 2003): 177–79. https://doi.org/10.1089/089277903321618752.
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  - Delvecchio, Fernando, Brian K. Auge, Ravi Munver, Spencer A. Brown, Ricardo Brizuela, Pei Zhong, and Glenn M. Preminger. “Shock wave lithotripsy causes ipsilateral renal injury remote from the focal point: the role of regional vasoconstriction.” J Urol 169, no. 4 (April 2003): 1526–29. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000049648.13715.4b.
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  - Pietrow, Paul K., Brian K. Auge, Pei Zhong, and Glenn M. Preminger. “Clinical efficacy of a combination pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotrite.” J Urol 169, no. 4 (April 2003): 1247–49. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000049643.18775.65.
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  - Zhou, Y. F., and P. Zhong. “Suppression of large intraluminal bubble expansion in shock wave lithotripsy without compromising stone comminution: Refinement of reflector geometry.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 1 (January 2003): 586–97.
  - Zhou, Y. F., and P. Zhong. “Optimization of lithotripter waveform to reduce tissue injury without compromising stone comminution.” Annual International Conference of the Ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Proceedings 3 (December 1, 2002): 1795–96.
  - Liu, Y. B., and P. Zhong. “BegoStone - a new stone phantom for shock wave lithotripsy research (L).” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112, no. 4 (October 2002): 1265–68.
  - Auge, Brian K., Costas D. Lallas, Paul K. Pietrow, Pei Zhong, and Glenn M. Preminger. “In vitro comparison of standard ultrasound and pneumatic lithotrites with a new combination intracorporeal lithotripsy device.” Urology 60, no. 1 (July 2002): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01624-2.
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  - Zhu, Songlin, Franklin H. Cocks, Glenn M. Preminger, and Pei Zhong. “The role of stress waves and cavitation in stone comminution in shock wave lithotripsy.” Ultrasound Med Biol 28, no. 5 (May 2002): 661–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-5629(02)00506-9.
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  - Munver, Ravi, Fernando C. Delvecchio, Ramsay L. Kuo, Spencer A. Brown, Pei Zhong, and Glenn M. Preminger. “In vivo assessment of free radical activity during shock wave lithotripsy using a microdialysis system: the renoprotective action of allopurinol.” J Urol 167, no. 1 (January 2002): 327–34.
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  - Zhong, P., and Y. Zhou. “Suppression of large intraluminal bubble expansion in shock wave lithotripsy without compromising stone comminution: methodology and in vitro experiments.” J Acoust Soc Am 110, no. 6 (December 2001): 3283–91. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1416906.
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  - Zhong, P. “Measurement of sound emission by endoscopic lithotripters: An in vitro study and theoretical estimation of risk of hearing loss in a fetus - Editorial comment.” Journal of Endourology 15, no. 8 (October 1, 2001): 826–826.
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  - Xi, X., and P. Zhong. “Dynamic photoelastic study of the transient stress field in solids during shock wave lithotripsy.” J Acoust Soc Am 109, no. 3 (March 2001): 1226–39. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1349183.
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  - Zhong, P., Y. Zhou, and S. Zhu. “Dynamics of bubble oscillation in constrained media and mechanisms of vessel rupture in SWL.” Ultrasound Med Biol 27, no. 1 (January 2001): 119–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-5629(00)00322-7.
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  - Zhu, S., J. Kourambas, R. Munver, G. M. Preminger, and P. Zhong. “Quantification of the tip movement of lithotripsy flexible pneumatic probes.” J Urol 164, no. 5 (November 2000): 1735–39.
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  - Brown, S. A., R. Munver, F. C. Delvecchio, R. L. Kuo, P. Zhong, and G. M. Preminger. “Microdialysis assessment of shock wave lithotripsy-induced renal injury.” Urology 56, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 364–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00694-4.
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  - Heimbach, D., R. Munver, P. Zhong, J. Jacobs, A. Hesse, S. C. Müller, and G. M. Preminger. “Acoustic and mechanical properties of artificial stones in comparison to natural kidney stones.” J Urol 164, no. 2 (August 2000): 537–44.
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  - Heimbach, D., J. Jacobs, A. Hesse, S. C. Muller, P. Zhong, and G. M. Preminger. “Physical properties of artificial stones made of natural materials (BON(N)-STONES) in comparison to natural and other artificial stones.” Journal Fur Urologie Und Urogynakologie 7, no. 1 (March 23, 2000): 14–24.
  - Xi, X., and P. Zhong. “Improvement of stone fragmentation during shock-wave lithotripsy using a combined EH/PEAA shock-wave generator-in vitro experiments.” Ultrasound Med Biol 26, no. 3 (March 2000): 457–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-5629(99)00124-6.
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  - Zhong, P., X. Xi, S. Zhu, F. H. Cocks, and G. M. Preminger. “Recent developments in SWL physics research.” J Endourol 13, no. 9 (November 1999): 611–17. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.1999.13.611.
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  - Zhu, S., and P. Zhong. “Shock wave-inertial microbubble interaction: a theoretical study based on the Gilmore formulation for bubble dynamics.” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106, no. 5 (November 1999): 3024–33. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.428122.
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  - Heimbach, D., D. Jacobs, A. Hesse, S. C. Müller, P. Zhong, and G. M. Preminger. “How to improve lithotripsy and chemolitholysis of brushite-stones: an in vitro study.” Urol Res 27, no. 4 (August 1999): 266–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002400050121.
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  - Zhong, P., H. Lin, X. Xi, S. Zhu, and E. S. Bhogte. “Shock wave-inertial microbubble interaction: methodology, physical characterization, and bioeffect study.” J Acoust Soc Am 105, no. 3 (March 1999): 1997–2009. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.426733.
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  - Heimbach, D., D. Jacobs, A. Hesse, S. C. Müller, P. Zhong, and G. M. Preminger. “Influence of chemolysis on physical properties and comminution of artificial stones (BON(N)-STONES).” Aktuelle Urologie 30, no. 1 (1999): 28–34.
  - Heimbach, D., D. Jacobs, A. Hesse, S. C. Müller, P. Zhong, and G. M. Preminger. “Influence of chemolysis on physical properties and comminution of artificial stones (BON(N)-STONES).” Aktuelle Urologie 30, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-1999-13426.
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  - Kuo, R. L., P. Aslan, P. Zhong, and G. M. Preminger. “Impact of holmium laser settings and fiber diameter on stone fragmentation and endoscope deflection.” J Endourol 12, no. 6 (December 1998): 523–27. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.1998.12.523.
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  - Zhong, P., H. L. Tong, F. H. Cocks, M. S. Pearle, and G. M. Preminger. “Transient cavitation and acoustic emission produced by different laser lithotripters.” J Endourol 12, no. 4 (August 1998): 371–78. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.1998.12.371.
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  - Teh, C. L., P. Zhong, and G. M. Preminger. “Laboratory and clinical assessment of pneumatically driven intracorporeal lithotripsy.” J Endourol 12, no. 2 (April 1998): 163–69. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.1998.12.163.
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  - Zhong, P., F. H. Cocks, I. Cioanta, and G. M. Preminger. “Controlled, forced collapse of cavitation bubbles for improved stone fragmentation during shock wave lithotripsy.” J Urol 158, no. 6 (December 1997): 2323–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(01)68243-0.
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  - Zhong, P., I. Cioanta, F. H. Cocks, and G. M. Preminger. “Inertial cavitation and associated acoustic emission produced during electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy.” J Acoust Soc Am 101, no. 5 Pt 1 (May 1997): 2940–50. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.418522.
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  - Zhong, P., H. L. Tong, F. H. Cocks, and G. M. Preminger. “Transient oscillation of cavitation bubbles near stone surface during electrohydraulic lithotripsy.” J Endourol 11, no. 1 (February 1997): 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.1997.11.55.
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  - Zhong, P., and G. M. Preminger. “Mechanisms of differing stone fragility in extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.” J Endourol 8, no. 4 (August 1994): 263–68. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.1994.8.263.
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  - Zhong, P., and G. M. Preminger. “Differing modes of shock-wave generation.” Semin Urol 12, no. 1 (February 1994): 2–14.
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  - Chuong, C. J., P. Zhong, and G. M. Preminger. “Acoustic and mechanical properties of renal calculi: implications in shock wave lithotripsy.” J Endourol 7, no. 6 (December 1993): 437–44. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.1993.7.437.
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  - Zhong, P., C. J. Chuong, and G. M. Preminger. “Propagation of shock waves in elastic solids caused by cavitation microjet impact. II: Application in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.” J Acoust Soc Am 94, no. 1 (July 1993): 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.407088.
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  - Zhong, P., and C. J. Chuong. “Propagation of shock waves in elastic solids caused by cavitation microjet impact. I: Theoretical formulation.” J Acoust Soc Am 94, no. 1 (July 1993): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.407077.
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  - Zhong, P., C. J. Chuong, and G. M. Preminger. “Characterization of fracture toughness of renal calculi using a microindentation technique.” Journal of Materials Science Letters 12, no. 18 (1993): 1460–62.
  - Zhong, P., C. J. Chuong, R. D. Goolsby, and G. M. Preminger. “Microhardness measurements of renal calculi: regional differences and effects of microstructure.” J Biomed Mater Res 26, no. 9 (September 1992): 1117–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820260902.
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  - Chuong, C. J., P. Zhong, and G. M. Preminger. “A comparison of stone damage caused by different modes of shock wave generation.” J Urol 148, no. 1 (July 1992): 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36553-9.
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- Book Sections
  - Zhong, P. “Shock wave lithotripsy.” In Bubble Dynamics and Shock Waves, 291–338, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34297-4_10.
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  - Xing, Y., E. C. Pua, W. Neal Simmons, F. Hadley Cocks, M. Ferrandino, G. M. Preminger, and P. Zhong. “Biological effects produced by high-energy shock waves.” In Urinary Tract Stone Disease, 279–91, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-362-0_24.
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- Other Articles
  - Routh, Jonathan C. “Editorial Comment.” J Urol, March 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.10.119.
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  - Weizer, Alon Z., Pei Zhong, and Glenn M. Preminger. “Twenty-five years of shockwave lithotripsy: back to the future?” J Endourol, October 2005. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2005.19.929.
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  - Zhong, P., I. Cioanta, S. Zhu, F. H. Cocks, and G. M. Preminger. “Effects of tissue constraint on shock wave-induced bubble expansion in vivo.” J Acoust Soc Am, November 1998. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.423905.
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- Conference Papers
  - Kim, H., H. Wu, P. Zhong, K. Mahmood, H. K. Lyerly, and X. Jiang. “Small Aperture Ultrasound Transducers for Intracavitary Tissue Ablation.” In Ieee International Ultrasonics Symposium, Ius, 2019-October:1842–45, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925925.
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  - Sankin, G. N., J. M. Lautz, W. N. Simmons, P. Zhong, S. T. Frank, and A. J. Szeri. “Elimination of cavitation-related attenuation in shock wave lithotripsy.” In Aip Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1821, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4977638.
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  - Yang, C., A. S. Koff, F. Yuan, P. Zhong, C. T. Hsiao, and G. L. Chahine. “Characterization of jet formation and flow field produced by tandem bubbles.” In Aip Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1821, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4977637.
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  - Zhang, Y., D. Concha, and P. Zhong. “The effect of stone size on comminution efficiency in shock wave lithotripsy.” In Aip Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1821, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4977669.
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  - Yang, T., J. Lautz, G. Sankin, and P. Zhong. “Respiration gating beam steering to precisely target a movable stone in shock wave lithotripsy.” In 2015 Ieee International Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control and Intelligent Systems, Ieee Cyber 2015, 1174–79, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/CYBER.2015.7288110.
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  - Delvecchio, Fernando C., Ricardo M. Brizuela, Karen J. Byer, W Patrick Springhart, Saeed R. Khan, and Glenn M. Preminger. “1120: Citrate and Vitamin E Blunt the SWL-Induced Free Radical Surge in an In-Vitro MDCK Cell Culture Model.” In Journal of Urology, 171:295–295. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(18)38357-5.
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  - Auge, B. K., Y. H. Tan, S. L. Zhu, F. H. Cocks, G. M. Preminger, and P. Zhong. “The role of stress waves and cavitation in stone comminution in shock wave lithotripsy.” In Journal of Urology, 169:472–472. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2003.
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