Richard T. Di Giulio | Scholars@Duke

Richard T. Di Giulio
Sally Kleberg Distinguished Professor of Environmental Toxicology

Dr. Di Giulio serves as Director of Duke University's Integrated Toxicology Program and the Superfund Basic Research Center. Dr. Di Giulio's research is concerned with basic studies of mechanisms of contaminant metabolism, adaptation and toxicity, and with the development of mechanistically-based indices of exposure and toxicity that can be employed in biomonitoring. The long term goals of this research are to bridge the gap between mechanistic toxicological research and the development of useful tools for environmental assessment, and to elucidate linkages between human and ecosystem health. The bulk of Dr. Di Giulio's work employs a comparative approach with aquatic animals, particularly fishes, as models. Of particular concern are mechanisms of oxidative metabolism of aromatic hydrocarbons, mechanisms of free radical production and antioxidant defense, and mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis, developmental perturbations and adaptations to contaminated environments by fishes.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Sally Kleberg Distinguished Professor of Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment 2016
Professor of Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment 1998

Contact Information

A346b Lev Sci Res Ctr, Durham, NC 27708
Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708-0328
richd@duke.edu (919) 613-8024

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Virginia Polytech Institute and State University 1982
- M.S., Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 1978
- B.A., University of Texas, Austin 1972
Duke Appointment History
- Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2015 - 2021
- Chair of the Environmental Sciences and Policy Division, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment 2018
- Professor, Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment 2010 - 2018
- Interim Chair of the Environmental Sciences and Policy Division, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment 2016 - 2018
- Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2009 - 2012
- Professor of Coastal Systems Science and Policy, Environmental Sciences and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment 2001 - 2004
- Associate Professor with Tenure, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University 1991 - 1998
- Assistant Professor, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University 1985 - 1991
Recognition
In the News
- NOV 3, 2017 Nicholas School of the Environment
  
  From Clean Up To Cutting Edge Research
- JUL 11, 2017
  
  Superfund Center Wins Five-Year Renewal
- JAN 24, 2017 Nicholas School of the Environment
  
  Synthetic Chemicals Understudied Drivers of Environmental Change
- SEP 19, 2016
  
  Blocking Key Gene Reduces Cigarette Smoke Toxicity in Fish Embryos
- MAY 5, 2016
  
  Duke Awards Distinguished Professorships, Inducts New Bass Society Members
- NOV 10, 2014
  
  An Unexpected Direction
- MAR 10, 2014
  
  Duke And UNC Superfund Research Centers Hosting Visiting Journalists
- JAN 28, 2014 Duke Research Blog
  
  Mining Appalachia has permanent effects on its landscape
Research
Selected Grants
- Duke University Program in Environmental Health awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2024
- A High-Throughput Assay to Predict Fish Chronic Toxicity Project awarded by Syngenta Corp Protection, LLC 2021 - 2022
- Duke University Superfund Center - Development Exposures: Mechanisms, Outcomes and Remediation awarded by National Institutes of Health 2000 - 2022
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology awarded by National Science Foundation 2008 - 2021
- RJRT Leon Goldberg Memorial Fellowship - Massarsky Extension awarded by R.J. Reynolds Tobacco International, Inc. 2013 - 2020
- Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 20) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2020
- Duke University Program in Environmental Health awarded by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2013 - 2019
- KC Donnelly Externship 2018-2019 awarded by National Institutes of Health 2000 - 2019
- Cooperative Program in Nanomaterials Hazard and Exposure Assessment Traineeships (NanoHEAT) awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 2015 - 2018
- REU Site: Research Experiences for Undergraduates in Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology awarded by National Science Foundation 2014 - 2018
- RJRT Di Giulio Lab Support awarded by R.J. Reynolds Tobacco International, Inc. 2014 - 2016
- Risk Assessment for Manufactured Nanoparticies Used in Consumer Products awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 2013 - 2016
- Superfund Research Center (P42 ES010356) awarded by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2000 - 2016
- Legacy impacts of coal combustion residues on freshwater ecosystems in North Carolina awarded by Water Resources Research Institute 2015 - 2016
- Influence of Chelating Ligands for the Aggregation, Dissolution and Bioavailability of Soluble Nanomaterials awarded by National Science Foundation 2011 - 2015
- REU: Research Experience for Undergraudates on Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology awarded by National Science Foundation 2010 - 2014
- Duke University Superfund Research Center (P42 ES010356) awarded by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2000 - 2014
- Center for Comparative Biology of Vulnerable Populations awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2011
- Additive Effects of Mixtures of Endocrine-Active Compounds to Medaka awarded by National Institutes of Health 2009 - 2010
- Mechanisms underlying synergistic developement toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish (Danio rerio) awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 2005 - 2008
- Integrated Toxicology Program Training Grant (Supplement) awarded by National Institute of Environmental Health Science 1978 - 2007
- Integrated Toxicology Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 1978 - 2006
- Emerging Molecular and Computational Approaches (Supplement) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2000 - 2005
- Superfund Chemicals Impact an Reproduction and Development awarded by National Institutes of Health 2000 - 2005
- Superfund Chemicals Impact on Reproduction & Development (Supplement) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2000 - 2005
- Superfund Chemicals Impact on Reproduction & Development (Supplement) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2000 - 2005
- Comparative Mechanisms of Benzo[a]pyrene Metabolism and DNA Repair in Two Species of Ictalurid Catfish awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 1998 - 2003
- Adaptation of a Population of Fundulus Heteroclitus to a Creosote-contaminated Environment: Mechanisms, Genetic Consequences and Fitness Trade-offs awarded by Office of Naval Research 2000 - 2003
- Marine/Freshwater Biomedical Center awarded by National Institute of Environmental Health Science 1999 - 2002
- Comparative Mechanisms of Hydrocarbon Metabolism and and Genotoxicity of Two Ictalurid Fishes awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 1994 - 1999
- Comparative Mechanisms of Hydrocarbon Metabolism and Genotoxicity of Two Ictalurid Fishes awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 1994 - 1997
- Glutathione Metabolism and Utilization in the Channel Catfish awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 1990 - 1993
- Glutathione Metabolism and Utilization in the Channel Catfish awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 1990 - 1993
- Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Animals awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 1990 - 1992
- Glutathione Metabolism and Utilization in Channel Catfish awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 1990 - 1992
- Biomarkers for Sediment-Associated Genotoxins in Benthic Fish awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 1990 - 1992
- Biomarkers for Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Animals awarded by Environmental Protection Agency 1990 - 1991
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Books
  - Di Giulio, R. T., and D. E. Hinton. The toxicology of fishes, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203647295.
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  - Benson, W. H., and R. T. Di Giulio. Genomic approaches for cross-species extrapolation in toxicology, 2006.
  - Benson, W. H., and R. T. Di Giulio. Preface, 2006.
- Academic Articles
  - Boyda, Jonna, Andrew B. Hawkey, Zade R. Holloway, Rafael Trevisan, Richard T. Di Giulio, and Edward D. Levin. “The organophosphate insecticide diazinon and aging: Neurobehavioral and mitochondrial effects in zebrafish exposed as embryos or during aging.” Neurotoxicology and Teratology 87 (July 2, 2021): 107011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107011.
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  - Redfern, Lauren K., Nishad Jayasundara, David R. Singleton, Richard T. Di Giulio, James Carlson, Susan J. Sumner, and Claudia K. Gunsch. “The role of gut microbial community and metabolomic shifts in adaptive resistance of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.” The Science of the Total Environment 776 (July 2021): 145955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145955.
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  - Silva, Rayna A., Richard T. Di Giulio, and Charles D. Rice. “The In Vitro Proinflammatory Properties of Water Accommodated Sediment Extracts from a Creosote-Contaminated US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Site.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 40, no. 6 (June 2021): 1576–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5001.
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  - Polidoro, Beth, Cole W. Matson, Mary Ann Ottinger, D Abigail Renegar, Isabel C. Romero, Daniel Schlenk, John Pierce Wise, et al. “A multi-taxonomic framework for assessing relative petrochemical vulnerability of marine biodiversity in the Gulf of Mexico.” The Science of the Total Environment 763 (April 2021): 142986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142986.
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  - Chernick, Melissa, Tara Burke, Noah Lieberman, Daniel R. Brown, Richard T. Di Giulio, and David E. Hinton. “Heart development in two populations of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) following exposure to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture.” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 208 (January 2021): 111580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111580.
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  - Gearhart-Serna, Larisa M., John B. Davis, Mohit Kumar Jolly, Nishad Jayasundara, Scott J. Sauer, Richard T. Di Giulio, and Gayathri R. Devi. “A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-enriched environmental chemical mixture enhances AhR, antiapoptotic signaling and a proliferative phenotype in breast cancer cells.” Carcinogenesis 41, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 1648–59. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgaa047.
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  - Babich, Remy, Jake C. Ulrich, EM Dilini V. Ekanayake, Andrey Massarsky, P Mangala C. S. De Silva, Pathmalal M. Manage, Brian P. Jackson, et al. “Kidney developmental effects of metal-herbicide mixtures: Implications for chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology.” Environment International 144 (November 2020): 106019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106019.
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  - Baldwin, William S., Lisa J. Bain, Richard Di Giulio, Seth Kullman, Charles D. Rice, Amy H. Ringwood, and Peter van den Hurk. “20th Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 20): Global issues and fundamental mechanisms caused by pollutant stress in marine and freshwater organisms.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 227 (October 2020): 105620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105620.
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  - Trevisan, R., D. Uzochukwu, and R. T. Di Giulio. “PAH Sorption to Nanoplastics and the Trojan Horse Effect as Drivers of Mitochondrial Toxicity and PAH Localization in Zebrafish.” Frontiers in Environmental Science 8 (July 24, 2020). https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00078.
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  - Mello, Danielle F., Rafael Trevisan, Nelson Rivera, Nicholas K. Geitner, Richard T. Di Giulio, Mark R. Wiesner, Heileen Hsu-Kim, and Joel N. Meyer. “Caveats to the use of MTT, neutral red, Hoechst and Resazurin to measure silver nanoparticle cytotoxicity.” Chemico Biological Interactions 315 (January 2020): 108868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108868.
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  - Lindberg, Casey D., and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and hypoxia exposures result in mitochondrial dysfunction in zebrafish.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 216 (November 2019): 105298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105298.
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  - Volkoff, Savannah J., Joshua S. Osterberg, Nishad Jayasundara, Ellen Cooper, Heileen Hsu-Kim, Laura Rogers, Gretchen E. Gehrke, Saro Jayaraman, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Embryonic Fundulus heteroclitus responses to sediment extracts from differentially contaminated sites in the Elizabeth River, VA.” Ecotoxicology (London, England) 28, no. 9 (November 2019): 1126–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-019-02116-z.
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  - Trevisan, Rafael, Ciara Voy, Shuxin Chen, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Nanoplastics Decrease the Toxicity of a Complex PAH Mixture but Impair Mitochondrial Energy Production in Developing Zebrafish.” Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 14 (July 2019): 8405–15. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02003.
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  - Brandt, Jessica E., Marie Simonin, Richard T. Di Giulio, and Emily S. Bernhardt. “Beyond Selenium: Coal Combustion Residuals Lead to Multielement Enrichment in Receiving Lake Food Webs.” Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 8 (April 2019): 4119–27. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00324.
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  - Abtahi, S. M. H., R. Trevisan, R. Di Giulio, C. J. Murphy, N. B. Saleh, and P. J. Vikesland. “Implications of aspect ratio on the uptake and nanotoxicity of gold nanomaterials.” Nanoimpact 14 (February 1, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2019.100153.
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  - Nunes, Mauro Eugênio Medina, Lucia Emanueli Schimith, Dennis Guilherme da Costa-Silva, Andressa Rubim Lopes, Luana Paganotto Leandro, Illana Kemmerich Martins, Renata Siqueira de Mello, et al. “Acute Exposure to Permethrin Modulates Behavioral Functions, Redox, and Bioenergetics Parameters and Induces DNA Damage and Cell Death in Larval Zebrafish.” Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (January 2019): 9149203. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9149203.
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  - Brandt, J. E., N. E. Lauer, A. Vengosh, E. S. Bernhardt, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Strontium Isotope Ratios in Fish Otoliths as Biogenic Tracers of Coal Combustion Residual Inputs to Freshwater Ecosystems.” Environmental Science and Technology Letters 5, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 718–23. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00477.
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  - Pitt, Jordan A., Rafael Trevisan, Andrey Massarsky, Jordan S. Kozal, Edward D. Levin, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Maternal transfer of nanoplastics to offspring in zebrafish (Danio rerio): A case study with nanopolystyrene.” Sci Total Environ 643 (December 1, 2018): 324–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.186.
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  - Massarsky, Andrey, Nishad Jayasundara, Lilah Glazer, Edward D. Levin, G. L. Prasad, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Outcomes of developmental exposure to total particulate matter from cigarette smoke in zebrafish (Danio rerio).” Neurotoxicology 68 (September 2018): 101–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2018.07.003.
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  - Osterberg, J. S., K. M. Cammen, T. F. Schultz, B. W. Clark, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Genome-wide scan reveals signatures of selection related to pollution adaptation in non-model estuarine Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 200 (July 2018): 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.017.
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  - Massarsky, Andrey, Ayham Abdel, Lilah Glazer, Edward D. Levin, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Neurobehavioral effects of 1,2-propanediol in zebrafish (Danio rerio).” Neurotoxicology 65 (March 2018): 111–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.007.
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  - Gearhart-Serna, Larisa M., Nishad Jayasundara, Moises Tacam, Richard Di Giulio, and Gayathri R. Devi. “Assessing Cancer Risk Associated with Aquatic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution Reveals Dietary Routes of Exposure and Vulnerable Populations.” J Environ Public Health 2018 (2018): 5610462. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5610462.
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  - Massarsky, Andrey, G. L. Prasad, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Total particulate matter from cigarette smoke disrupts vascular development in zebrafish brain (Danio rerio).” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 339 (January 2018): 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2017.12.003.
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  - Pitt, Jordan A., Jordan S. Kozal, Nishad Jayasundara, Andrey Massarsky, Rafael Trevisan, Nick Geitner, Mark Wiesner, Edward D. Levin, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Uptake, tissue distribution, and toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio).” Aquat Toxicol 194 (January 2018): 185–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.11.017.
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  - Brown, Daniel R., Jasmine Thompson, Melissa Chernick, David E. Hinton, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Later life swimming performance and persistent heart damage following subteratogenic PAH mixture exposure in the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 36, no. 12 (December 2017): 3246–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3877.
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  - Hartman, Jessica H., Jordan S. Kozal, Richard T. Di Giulio, and Joel N. Meyer. “Zebrafish have an ethanol-inducible hepatic 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase that is not CYP2E1-like.” Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 54 (September 2017): 142–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2017.07.004.
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  - Mu, Jingli, Melissa Chernick, Wu Dong, Richard T. Di Giulio, and David E. Hinton. “Early life co-exposures to a real-world PAH mixture and hypoxia result in later life and next generation consequences in medaka (Oryzias latipes).” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 190 (September 2017): 162–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.026.
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  - Yang, Yi, Bo Chen, James Hower, Michael Schindler, Christopher Winkler, Jessica Brandt, Richard Di Giulio, et al. “Discovery and ramifications of incidental Magnéli phase generation and release from industrial coal-burning.” Nature Communications 8, no. 1 (August 8, 2017): 194. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00276-2.
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  - Jayasundara, Nishad, Pani W. Fernando, Joshua S. Osterberg, Kristina M. Cammen, Thomas F. Schultz, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Cost of Tolerance: Physiological Consequences of Evolved Resistance to Inhabit a Polluted Environment in Teleost Fish Fundulus heteroclitus.” Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 15 (August 2017): 8763–72. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01913.
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  - Arnold, M. C., R. L. Bier, T. T. Lindberg, E. S. Bernhardt, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Biofilm mediated uptake of selenium in streams with mountaintop coal mine drainage.” Limnologica 65 (July 1, 2017): 10–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2017.05.002.
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  - Massarsky, Andrey, Ayham Abdel, Lilah Glazer, Edward D. Levin, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Exposure to 1,2-Propanediol Impacts Early Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Induces Hyperactivity.” Zebrafish 14, no. 3 (June 2017): 216–22. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2016.1400.
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  - Lindberg, C. D., N. Jayasundara, J. S. Kozal, T. C. Leuthner, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Resistance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity and associated bioenergetic consequences in a population of Fundulus heteroclitus.” Ecotoxicology (London, England) 26, no. 3 (April 2017): 435–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-017-1775-6.
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  - Slotkin, Theodore A., Samantha Skavicus, Jennifer Card, Richard T Di Giulio, and Frederic J. Seidler. “In vitro models reveal differences in the developmental neurotoxicity of an environmental polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture compared to benzo[a]pyrene: Neuronotypic PC12 Cells and embryonic neural stem cells.” Toxicology 377 (February 15, 2017): 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2016.12.008.
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  - Brandt, Jessica E., Emily S. Bernhardt, Gary S. Dwyer, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Selenium Ecotoxicology in Freshwater Lakes Receiving Coal Combustion Residual Effluents: A North Carolina Example.” Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 4 (February 6, 2017): 2418–26. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05353.
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  - Massarsky, Andrey, Jordan S. Kozal, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Glutathione and zebrafish: Old assays to address a current issue.” Chemosphere 168 (February 2017): 707–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.004.
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  - Raftery, Tara D., Nishad Jayasundara, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “A bioenergetics assay for studying the effects of environmental stressors on mitochondrial function in vivo in zebrafish larvae.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : Cbp 192 (February 2017): 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.12.001.
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  - Burton, G Allen, Richard Di Giulio, David Costello, and Jason R. Rohr. “Slipping through the Cracks: Why is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Not Funding Extramural Research on Chemicals in Our Environment?” Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 2 (January 2017): 755–56. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05877.
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  - Arnold, M. C., J. E. Forte, J. S. Osterberg, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Erratum to: Antioxidant Rescue of Selenomethionine-Induced Teratogenesis in Zebrafish Embryos.” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 71, no. 3 (October 2016): 437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-016-0306-4.
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  - Brown, D. R., B. W. Clark, L. V. T. Garner, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Embryonic cardiotoxicity of weak aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and CYP1A inhibitor fluoranthene in the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : Cbp 188 (October 2016): 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.05.005.
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  - Massarsky, Andrey, Audrey J. Bone, Wu Dong, David E. Hinton, G. L. Prasad, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “AHR2 morpholino knockdown reduces the toxicity of total particulate matter to zebrafish embryos.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 309 (October 2016): 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.024.
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  - Matson, Cole W., Audrey J. Bone, Mélanie Auffan, T Ty Lindberg, Mariah C. Arnold, Heileen Hsu-Kim, Mark R. Wiesner, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Silver toxicity across salinity gradients: the role of dissolved silver chloride species (AgCl x ) in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) early life-stage toxicity.” Ecotoxicology (London, England) 25, no. 6 (August 2016): 1105–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-016-1665-3.
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  - Riley, Amanda K., Melissa Chernick, Daniel R. Brown, David E. Hinton, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Hepatic Responses of Juvenile Fundulus heteroclitus from Pollution-adapted and Nonadapted Populations Exposed to Elizabeth River Sediment Extract.” Toxicologic Pathology 44, no. 5 (July 2016): 738–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623316636717.
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  - Di Giulio, R. T., E. S. Bernhardt, A. Vengosh, H. Hsu-Kim, and J. E. Brandt. “Legacy impacts of coal combusion residues in freshwater ecosystems in North Carolina.” Water Resources Research Institute News of the University of North Carolina, no. 464 (March 1, 2016).
  - Arnold, M. C., J. E. Forte, J. S. Osterberg, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Antioxidant Rescue of Selenomethionine-Induced Teratogenesis in Zebrafish Embryos.” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 70, no. 2 (February 2016): 311–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0235-7.
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  - Brown, D. R., J. M. Bailey, A. N. Oliveri, E. D. Levin, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Developmental exposure to a complex PAH mixture causes persistent behavioral effects in naive Fundulus heteroclitus (killifish) but not in a population of PAH-adapted killifish.” Neurotoxicol Teratol 53 (January 2016): 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2015.10.007.
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  - Massarsky, Andrey, Nishad Jayasundara, Jordan M. Bailey, Anthony N. Oliveri, Edward D. Levin, G. L. Prasad, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Teratogenic, bioenergetic, and behavioral effects of exposure to total particulate matter on early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) are not mimicked by nicotine.” Neurotoxicol Teratol 51 (September 2015): 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2015.09.006.
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  - Brown, Daniel R., Bryan W. Clark, Lindsey V. T. Garner, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Zebrafish cardiotoxicity: the effects of CYP1A inhibition and AHR2 knockdown following exposure to weak aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 22, no. 11 (June 2015): 8329–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3969-2.
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  - Arnold, Mariah C., Lisa A. Friedrich, T Ty Lindberg, Matthew Ross, Norman M. Halden, Emily Bernhardt, Vince P. Palace, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Microchemical analysis of selenium in otoliths of two West Virginia fishes captured near mountaintop removal coal mining operations.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 34, no. 5 (May 2015): 1039–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2885.
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  - Bone, Audrey J., Cole W. Matson, Benjamin P. Colman, Xinyu Yang, Joel N. Meyer, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Silver nanoparticle toxicity to Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and Caenorhabditis elegans: a comparison of mesocosm, microcosm, and conventional laboratory studies.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 34, no. 2 (February 2015): 275–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2806.
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  - Jayasundara, Nishad, Lindsey Van Tiem Garner, Joel N. Meyer, Kyle N. Erwin, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “AHR2-Mediated transcriptomic responses underlying the synergistic cardiac developmental toxicity of PAHs.” Toxicological Sciences : An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology 143, no. 2 (February 2015): 469–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfu245.
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  - Di Giulio, Richard T., and Bryan W. Clark. “The Elizabeth River Story: A Case Study in Evolutionary Toxicology.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews 18, no. 6 (January 2015): 259–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2015.1074841.
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  - Jayasundara, Nishad, Jordan S. Kozal, Mariah C. Arnold, Sherine S. L. Chan, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “High-Throughput Tissue Bioenergetics Analysis Reveals Identical Metabolic Allometric Scaling for Teleost Hearts and Whole Organisms.” Plos One 10, no. 9 (January 2015): e0137710. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137710.
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  - Clark, Bryan W., A. J. Bone, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Resistance to teratogenesis by F1 and F2 embryos of PAH-adapted Fundulus heteroclitus is strongly inherited despite reduced recalcitrance of the AHR pathway.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 21, no. 24 (December 2014): 13898–908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2446-7.
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  - Fang, Mingliang, Gordon J. Getzinger, Ellen M. Cooper, Bryan W. Clark, Lindsey V. T. Garner, Richard T. Di Giulio, P Lee Ferguson, and Heather M. Stapleton. “Effect-directed analysis of Elizabeth River porewater: developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio).” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 33, no. 12 (December 2014): 2767–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2738.
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  - Auffan, Melanie, Cole W. Matson, Jerome Rose, Mariah Arnold, Olivier Proux, Barbara Fayard, Wei Liu, et al. “Salinity-dependent silver nanoparticle uptake and transformation by Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) embryos.” Nanotoxicology 8 Suppl 1 (August 2014): 167–76. https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2013.869627.
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  - Arnold, M. C., T Ty Lindberg, Y. T. Liu, K. A. Porter, H. Hsu-Kim, D. E. Hinton, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Bioaccumulation and speciation of selenium in fish and insects collected from a mountaintop removal coal mining-impacted stream in West Virginia.” Ecotoxicology (London, England) 23, no. 5 (July 2014): 929–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1236-4.
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  - Blickley, T Michelle, Cole W. Matson, Wyatt N. Vreeland, Daniel Rittschof, Richard T. Di Giulio, and Patricia D. McClellan-Green. “Dietary CdSe/ZnS quantum dot exposure in estuarine fish: bioavailability, oxidative stress responses, reproduction, and maternal transfer.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 148 (March 2014): 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.021.
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  - Bozinovic, Goran, Tim L. Sit, Richard Di Giulio, Lauren F. Wills, and Marjorie F. Oleksiak. “Genomic and physiological responses to strong selective pressure during late organogenesis: few gene expression changes found despite striking morphological differences.” Bmc Genomics 14 (November 11, 2013): 779. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-779.
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  - Garner, Lindsey V. T., Daniel R. Brown, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Knockdown of AHR1A but not AHR1B exacerbates PAH and PCB-126 toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 142–143 (October 2013): 336–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.007.
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  - Clark, Bryan W., Ellen M. Cooper, Heather M. Stapleton, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Compound- and mixture-specific differences in resistance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and PCB-126 among Fundulus heteroclitus subpopulations throughout the Elizabeth River estuary (Virginia, USA).” Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 18 (September 5, 2013): 10556–66. https://doi.org/10.1021/es401604b.
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  - Vengosh, Avner, T Ty Lindberg, Brittany R. Merola, Laura Ruhl, Nathaniel R. Warner, Alissa White, Gary S. Dwyer, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Isotopic imprints of mountaintop mining contaminants.” Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 17 (September 2013): 10041–48. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4012959.
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  - Arnold, M. C., A. R. Badireddy, M. R. Wiesner, R. T. Di Giulio, and J. N. Meyer. “Cerium oxide nanoparticles are more toxic than equimolar bulk cerium oxide in Caenorhabditis elegans.” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 65, no. 2 (August 2013): 224–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9905-5.
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  - Levard, Clement, Ernest M. Hotze, Benjamin P. Colman, Amy L. Dale, Lisa Truong, X. Y. Yang, Audrey J. Bone, et al. “Sulfidation of silver nanoparticles: natural antidote to their toxicity.” Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 23 (January 2013): 13440–48. https://doi.org/10.1021/es403527n.
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  - Turner, Elena A., Gretchen L. Kroeger, Mariah C. Arnold, B Lila Thornton, Richard T. Di Giulio, and Joel N. Meyer. “Assessing different mechanisms of toxicity in mountaintop removal/valley fill coal mining-affected watershed samples using Caenorhabditis elegans.” Plos One 8, no. 9 (January 2013): e75329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075329.
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  - Zhao, Bin, Jessica E. S. Bohonowych, Alicia Timme-Laragy, Dawoon Jung, Alessandra A. Affatato, Robert H. Rice, Richard T. Di Giulio, and Michael S. Denison. “Common commercial and consumer products contain activators of the aryl hydrocarbon (dioxin) receptor.” Plos One 8, no. 2 (January 2013): e56860. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056860.
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  - Bone, Audrey J., Benjamin P. Colman, Andreas P. Gondikas, Kim M. Newton, Katherine H. Harrold, Rose M. Cory, Jason M. Unrine, Stephen J. Klaine, Cole W. Matson, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Biotic and abiotic interactions in aquatic microcosms determine fate and toxicity of Ag nanoparticles: part 2-toxicity and Ag speciation.” Environmental Science & Technology 46, no. 13 (July 2012): 6925–33. https://doi.org/10.1021/es204683m.
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  - Garner, Lindsey V. T., and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Glutathione transferase pi class 2 (GSTp2) protects against the cardiac deformities caused by exposure to PAHs but not PCB-126 in zebrafish embryos.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : Cbp 155, no. 4 (May 2012): 573–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.01.007.
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  - Clark, Bryan W., and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Fundulus heteroclitus adapted to PAHs are cross-resistant to multiple insecticides.” Ecotoxicology (London, England) 21, no. 2 (March 2012): 465–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0807-x.
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  - Lindberg, T Ty, Emily S. Bernhardt, Raven Bier, A. M. Helton, R Brittany Merola, Avner Vengosh, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Cumulative impacts of mountaintop mining on an Appalachian watershed.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108, no. 52 (December 12, 2011): 20929–34. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112381108.
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  - Jung, Dawoon, Cole W. Matson, Leonard B. Collins, Geoff Laban, Heather M. Stapleton, John W. Bickham, James A. Swenberg, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Genotoxicity in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a PAH-contaminated Superfund site on the Elizabeth River, Virginia.” Ecotoxicology (London, England) 20, no. 8 (November 2011): 1890–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0727-9.
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  - Wiesner, Mark R., Gregory V. Lowry, Elizabeth Casman, Paul M. Bertsch, Cole W. Matson, Richard T. Di Giulio, Jie Liu, and Michael F. Hochella. “Meditations on the ubiquity and mutability of nano-sized materials in the environment.” Acs Nano 5, no. 11 (November 2011): 8466–70. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204118p.
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  - Fleming, Carrie R., and Richard T. Di Giulio. “The role of CYP1A inhibition in the embryotoxic interactions between hypoxia and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH mixtures in zebrafish (Danio rerio).” Ecotoxicology (London, England) 20, no. 6 (August 2011): 1300–1314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0686-1.
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  - Van Tiem, Lindsey A., and Richard T. Di Giulio. “AHR2 knockdown prevents PAH-mediated cardiac toxicity and XRE- and ARE-associated gene induction in zebrafish (Danio rerio).” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 254, no. 3 (August 2011): 280–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2011.05.002.
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  - Cooper, Ellen M., Heather M. Stapleton, Cole W. Matson, Richard T. Di Giulio, and Andrew J. Schuler. “Ultraviolet treatment and biodegradation of dibenzothiophene: Identification and toxicity of products.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 29, no. 11 (November 2010): 2409–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.312.
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  - Wills, Lauren P., Dawoon Jung, Kara Koehrn, Shiqian Zhu, Kristine L. Willett, David E. Hinton, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Comparative chronic liver toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene in two populations of the atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) with different exposure histories.” Environmental Health Perspectives 118, no. 10 (October 2010): 1376–81. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901799.
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  - Clark, Bryan W., Cole W. Matson, Dawoon Jung, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “AHR2 mediates cardiac teratogenesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and PCB-126 in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 99, no. 2 (August 2010): 232–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.05.004.
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  - Hunter, Senyene E., Dawoon Jung, Richard T. Di Giulio, and Joel N. Meyer. “The QPCR assay for analysis of mitochondrial DNA damage, repair, and relative copy number.” Methods (San Diego, Calif.) 51, no. 4 (August 2010): 444–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.01.033.
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  - Wills, Lauren P., Cole W. Matson, Chelsea D. Landon, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Characterization of the recalcitrant CYP1 phenotype found in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a Superfund site on the Elizabeth River, VA.” Aquat Toxicol 99, no. 1 (August 1, 2010): 33–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.03.015.
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  - Il’yasova, Dora, Ivan Spasojevic, Frances Wang, Adviye A. Tolun, Karel Base, Sarah P. Young, P Kelly Marcom, et al. “Urinary biomarkers of oxidative status in a clinical model of oxidative assault.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 19, no. 6 (June 2010): 1506–10. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0211.
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  - Jung, Dawoon, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Identification of mitochondrial cytochrome P450 induced in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus).” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : Cbp 151, no. 1 (January 2010): 107–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.09.003.
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  - Wills, L. P., S. Zhu, K. L. Willett, and R. T. D. Giulio. “Erratum to Effect of CYP1A inhibition on the biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene in two populations of Fundulus heteroclitus with different exposure histories [Aquat. Toxicol., 92, (2009), 195-201].” Aquatic Toxicology 99, no. 3 (2010): 438-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.07.011.
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  - Jung, Dawoon, Youngeun Cho, Leonard B. Collins, James A. Swenberg, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Effects of benzo[a]pyrene on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a creosote-contaminated and reference site.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 95, no. 1 (October 2009): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.08.003.
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  - Fleming, Carrie R., Sonya M. Billiard, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Hypoxia inhibits induction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity in topminnow hepatocarcinoma cells in an ARNT-dependent manner.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : Cbp 150, no. 3 (September 2009): 383–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.06.003.
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  - Wiesner, Mark R., Gregory V. Lowry, Kimberly L. Jones, Michael F. Hochella, Richard T. Di Giulio, Elizabeth Casman, and Emily S. Bernhardt. “Decreasing uncertainties in assessing environmental exposure, risk, and ecological implications of nanomaterials.” Environmental Science & Technology 43, no. 17 (September 2009): 6458–62. https://doi.org/10.1021/es803621k.
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  - Il’yasova, Dora, Gabriel Mixon, Frances Wang, P Kelly Marcom, Jeffrey Marks, Ivan Spasojevich, Neal Craft, Francisco Arredondo, and Richard DiGiulio. “Markers of oxidative status in a clinical model of oxidative assault: a pilot study in human blood following doxorubicin administration.” Biomarkers 14, no. 5 (August 2009): 321–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547500902946757.
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  - Timme-Laragy, Alicia R., Lindsey A. Van Tiem, Elwood A. Linney, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Antioxidant responses and NRF2 in synergistic developmental toxicity of PAHs in zebrafish.” Toxicol Sci 109, no. 2 (June 2009): 217–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfp038.
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  - Wills, Lauren P., Shiqian Zhu, Kristine L. Willett, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Effect of CYP1A inhibition on the biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene in two populations of Fundulus heteroclitus with different exposure histories.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 92, no. 3 (May 2009): 195–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.01.009.
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  - Rau Embry, M., S. M. Billiard, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Lack of p53 induction in fish cells by model chemotherapeutics (Oncogene (2006) 25, (2004-2010) DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.8).” Oncogene 28, no. 10 (March 12, 2009): 1400. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.8.
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  - Jung, Dawoon, Youngeun Cho, Joel N. Meyer, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “The long amplicon quantitative PCR for DNA damage assay as a sensitive method of assessing DNA damage in the environmental model, Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : Cbp 149, no. 2 (March 2009): 182–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.07.007.
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  - Matson, Cole W., Alicia R. Timme-Laragy, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Fluoranthene, but not benzo[a]pyrene, interacts with hypoxia resulting in pericardial effusion and lordosis in developing zebrafish.” Chemosphere 74, no. 1 (December 2008): 149–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.016.
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  - Augspurger, T. P., D. E. Tillitt, S. J. Bursian, S. D. Fitzgerald, D. E. Hinton, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Embryo toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to the wood duck (Aix sponsa).” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 55, no. 4 (November 2008): 659–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9198-2.
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  - Augspurger, T. P., K. R. Echols, P. H. Peterman, T. W. May, C. E. Orazio, D. E. Tillitt, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Accumulation of environmental contaminants in wood duck (Aix sponsa) eggs, with emphasis on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans.” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 55, no. 4 (November 2008): 670–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9199-1.
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  - Billiard, Sonya M., Joel N. Meyer, Deena M. Wassenberg, Peter V. Hodson, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Nonadditive effects of PAHs on Early Vertebrate Development: mechanisms and implications for risk assessment.” Toxicological Sciences : An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology 105, no. 1 (September 2008): 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfm303.
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  - Jung, Dawoon, Joel N. Meyer, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on mitochondrial DNA damage in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).” Marine Environmental Research 66, no. 1 (July 1, 2008): 32–32.
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  - Timme-Laragy, Alicia R., Pamela D. Noyes, Donald R. Buhler, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “CYP1B1 knockdown does not alter synergistic developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish (Danio rerio).” Marine Environmental Research 66, no. 1 (July 2008): 85–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.02.030.
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  - Matson, Cole W., Bryan W. Clark, Matthew J. Jenny, Carrie R. Fleming, Mark E. Hahn, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Development of the morpholino gene knockdown technique in Fundulus heteroclitus: a tool for studying molecular mechanisms in an established environmental model.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 87, no. 4 (May 2008): 289–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.02.010.
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  - Bohonowych, Jessica E. S., Bin Zhao, Alicia Timme-Laragy, Dawoon Jung, Richard T. Di Giulio, and Michael S. Denison. “Newspapers and newspaper ink contain agonists for the ah receptor.” Toxicological Sciences : An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology 102, no. 2 (April 2008): 278–90. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfn011.
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  - Larose, Catherine, René Canuel, Marc Lucotte, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Toxicological effects of methylmercury on walleye (Sander vitreus) and perch (Perca flavescens) from lakes of the boreal forest.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : Cbp 147, no. 2 (March 2008): 139–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.09.002.
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  - Augspurger, T. P., K. R. Echols, P. H. Peterman, T. W. May, C. E. Orazio, D. E. Tillitt, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Accumulation of environmental contaminants in wood duck (Aix sponsa) eggs with emphasis on 2,3,7,,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents.” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 55 (2008): 670–82.
  - Timme Laragy, A. R., P. D. Noyes, D. R. Buhler, and R. T. Di Giulio. “CYP1B1 knockdown does not alter synergistic developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish (Danio rerio).” Marine Environmental Research 66, no. 85–87 (2008).
  - Burnett, Karen G., Lisa J. Bain, William S. Baldwin, Gloria V. Callard, Sarah Cohen, Richard T. Di Giulio, David H. Evans, et al. “Fundulus as the premier teleost model in environmental biology: opportunities for new insights using genomics.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part D, Genomics & Proteomics 2, no. 4 (December 2007): 257–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2007.09.001.
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  - Timme-Laragy, Alicia R., Crystal J. Cockman, Cole W. Matson, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Synergistic induction of AHR regulated genes in developmental toxicity from co-exposure to two model PAHs in zebrafish.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 85, no. 4 (December 2007): 241–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.09.005.
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  - Timme Laragy, A. R., C. J. Cockman, C. W. Matson, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Synergistic upregulation of AHR regulated genes in developmental toxicity of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture to zebrafish.” Aquatic Toxicology, 2007.
  - Billiard, Sonya M., Alicia R. Timme-Laragy, Deena M. Wassenberg, Crystal Cockman, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in mediating synergistic developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to zebrafish.” Toxicological Sciences : An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology 92, no. 2 (August 2006): 526–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfl011.
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  - Rau Embry, M., S. M. Billiard, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Lack of p53 induction in fish cells by model chemotherapeutics.” Oncogene 25, no. 14 (March 2006): 2004–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209238.
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  - Timme-Laragy, Alicia R., Edward D. Levin, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Developmental and behavioral effects of embryonic exposure to the polybrominated diphenylether mixture DE-71 in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).” Chemosphere 62, no. 7 (February 2006): 1097–1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.037.
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  - Arzuaga, Xabier, Deena Wassenberg, Richard Di Giulio, and Adria Elskus. “The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 76, no. 1 (January 2006): 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.013.
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  - Wassenberg, Deena M., Abby L. Nerlinger, Lauren P. Battle, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Effects of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon heterocycles, carbazole and dibenzothiophene, on in vivo and in vitro CYP1A activity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-derived embryonic deformities.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24, no. 10 (October 2005): 2526–32. https://doi.org/10.1897/04-440r1.1.
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  - Timme-Laragy, Alicia R., Joel N. Meyer, Robert A. Waterland, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Analysis of CpG methylation in the killifish CYP1A promoter.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : Cbp 141, no. 4 (August 2005): 406–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.09.009.
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  - Meyer, Joel N., David C. Volz, Jonathan H. Freedman, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Differential display of hepatic mRNA from killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a Superfund estuary.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 73, no. 4 (July 2005): 327–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.03.022.
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  - Barron, Mace G., Mark G. Carls, Jeffrey W. Short, Stanley D. Rice, Ron A. Heintz, Michelle Rau, and Richard Di Giulio. “Assessment of the phototoxicity of weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil to juvenile pink salmon.” Chemosphere 60, no. 1 (June 2005): 105–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.006.
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  - Timme Laragy, A. R., T. Richard, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Developmental and behavioral effects of embryonic exposure to DE-71 in Fundulus heteroclitus (Accepted).” Chemosphere, 2005.
  - Wassenberg, D., A. Nerlinger, L. Battle, and R. Di Giulio. “Effects of the PAH-heterocycles, carbazole and dibenzothiophene, on in vivo and in vitro CYP1A activity and PAH-derived embryotoxicity (Accepted).” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2005.
  - Wassenberg, Deena M., and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Synergistic embryotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists with cytochrome P4501A inhibitors in Fundulus heteroclitus.” Environmental Health Perspectives 112, no. 17 (December 2004): 1658–64. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7168.
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  - Bacanskas, Lisa R., Julia Whitaker, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Oxidative stress in two populations of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) with differing contaminant exposure histories.” Marine Environmental Research 58, no. 2–5 (August 2004): 597–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.048.
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  - Wassenberg, Deena M., and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Teratogenesis in Fundulus heteroclitus embryos exposed to a creosote-contaminated sediment extract and CYP1A inhibitors.” Marine Environmental Research 58, no. 2–5 (August 2004): 163–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.03.012.
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  - Rau, Michelle A., Julia Whitaker, Jonathan H. Freedman, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Differential susceptibility of fish and rat liver cells to oxidative stress and cytotoxicity upon exposure to prooxidants.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : Cbp 137, no. 4 (April 2004): 335–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2004.03.001.
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  - Meyer, Joel N., Jim D. Smith, Gary W. Winston, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Antioxidant defenses in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) exposed to contaminated sediments and model prooxidants: short-term and heritable responses.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 65, no. 4 (December 2003): 377–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2003.06.001.
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  - Meyer, Joel N., Deena M. Wassenberg, Sibel I. Karchner, Mark E. Hahn, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Expression and inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway genes in wild-caught killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) with different contaminant-exposure histories.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22, no. 10 (October 2003): 2337–43. https://doi.org/10.1897/02-495.
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  - Meyer, J. N., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Genetic adaptation and associated fitness tradeoffs in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a contaminated estuary.” Ecological Applications 13 (2003): 490–503.
  - Meyer, J. N., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Heritable adaptation and fitness costs in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a polluted estuary.” Ecological Applications 13, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 490–503. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0490:HAAFCI]2.0.CO;2.
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  - Meyer, Joel, and Richard Di Giulio. “Patterns of heritability of decreased EROD activity and resistance to PCB 126-induced teratogenesis in laboratory-reared offspring of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a creosote-contaminated site in the Elizabeth River, VA, USA.” Marine Environmental Research 54, no. 3–5 (September 2002): 621–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-1136(02)00170-8.
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  - Wassenberg, Deena M., Erin E. Swails, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Effects of single and combined exposures to benzo(a)pyrene and 3,3'4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl on EROD activity and development in Fundulus heteroclitus.” Marine Environmental Research 54, no. 3–5 (September 2002): 279–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-1136(02)00182-4.
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  - Meyer, Joel N., Diane E. Nacci, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus): heritability of altered expression and relationship to survival in contaminated sediments.” Toxicological Sciences : An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology 68, no. 1 (July 2002): 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/68.1.69.
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  - Moore, M., M. Depledge, A. Jha, M. Jones, D. Livingstone, D. Lowe, F. Mantoura, et al. “Eleventh International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 11): Plymouth, UK, 10-13 July 2001.” Marine Environmental Research 54, no. 3–5 (January 1, 2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-1136(02)00221-0.
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  - Wassenberg, D., E. Swails, and R. Di Giulio. “Effects of combined exposures to benzo[a]pyrene and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl on Fundulus heteroclitus.” Marine Environmental Research 54 (2002): 279–83.
  - Fry, J., J. Haselden, L. Canesi, D. De Pomerai, A. Kortenkamp, J. Cocker, P. Lindstrom-Seppa, et al. “Editorial.” Biomarkers 6, no. 6 (December 31, 2001): 387. https://doi.org/10.1080/135475001753280829.
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  - Willett, K. L., D. Wassenberg, L. Lienesch, W. Reichert, and R. T. Di Giulio. “In vivo and in vitro inhibition of CYP1A-dependent activity in Fundulus heteroclitus by the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 177, no. 3 (December 2001): 264–71. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.2001.9296.
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  - Toomey, B. H., S. Bello, M. E. Hahn, S. Cantrell, P. Wright, D. E. Tillitt, and R. T. Di Giulio. “2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces apoptotic cell death and cytochrome P4501A expression in developing Fundulus heteroclitus embryos.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 53, no. 2 (July 2001): 127–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-445x(00)00161-2.
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  - Willett, K. L., L. A. Lienesch, and R. T. Di Giulio. “No detectable DNA excision repair in UV-exposed hepatocytes from two catfish species.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : Cbp 128, no. 3 (March 2001): 349–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1532-0456(00)00206-4.
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  - Willett, K. L., L. A. Lienesch, and R. T. D. Giulio. “No detectable DNA excision repair in UV-exposed hepatocytes from two catfish species.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C Toxicology and Pharmacology 128, no. 2 (2001): 349–58.
  - Monteverdi, G. H., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Vitellogenin association and oocytic accumulation of thyroxine and 3, 5,3'-triiodothyronine in gravid Fundulus heteroclitus.” General and Comparative Endocrinology 120, no. 2 (November 2000): 198–211. https://doi.org/10.1006/gcen.2000.7551.
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  - Willett, K. L., P. R. Gardinali, L. A. Lienesch, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Comparative metabolism and excretion of benzo(a)pyrene in 2 species of ictalurid catfish.” Toxicological Sciences : An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology 58, no. 1 (November 2000): 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/58.1.68.
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  - Kelly, S. A., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Developmental toxicity of estrogenic alkylphenols in killifish (Fundulus Heteroclitus).” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, no. 10 (January 1, 2000): 2564–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620191024.
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  - Kelly, S., and R. Di Giulio. “Interaction of estrogenic alkylphenols and tamoxifen in Fundulus heteroclitus embryos and larvae.” Marine Environmental Research 50, no. 1–5 (January 1, 2000): 196–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-1136(00)00179-3.
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  - Meyer, J. N., E. D. MacLean, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in a creosote-adapted population of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus).” Marine Environmental Research 50, no. 1–5 (January 1, 2000): 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-1136(00)00158-6.
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  - Monteverdi, G. H., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Oocytic accumulation and tissue distribution of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and benzo[a]pyrene in gravid Fundulus heteroclitus.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, no. 10 (January 1, 2000): 2512–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620191017.
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  - Monteverdi, G. H., and R. T. Di Giulio. “In vitro and in vivo association of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and benzo[a]pyrene with the yolk-precursor protein vitellogenin.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, no. 10 (January 1, 2000): 2502–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620191016.
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  - Monteverdi, G. H., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Vitellogenin-associated maternal transfer of exogenous and endogenous ligands in the estuarine fish, Fundulus heteroclitus.” Marine Environmental Research 50, no. 1–5 (January 1, 2000): 191. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-1136(00)00171-9.
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  - Willett, K., J. Rogers, and R. Di Giulio. “Differential phase I and phase II enzyme activities in brown bullhead and channel catfish exposed to β-naphthoflavone.” Marine Environmental Research 50, no. 1–5 (January 1, 2000): 67–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-1136(00)00145-8.
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  - Ploch, S. A., Y. P. Lee, E. MacLean, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Oxidative stress in liver of brown bullhead and channel catfish following exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide.” Aquatic Toxicology 46, no. 3–4 (August 1, 1999): 231–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(98)00133-7.
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  - Monteverdi, G. H., and R. T. Di Giulio. “An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for estrogenicity using primary hepatocyte cultures from the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 37, no. 1 (July 1999): 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900490.
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  - Ringwood, A. H., M. J. Hameedi, R. F. Lee, M. Brouwer, E. C. Peters, G. I. Scott, S. N. Luoma, and R. T. Digiulio. “Bivalve biomarker workshop: Overview and discussion group summaries.” Biomarkers 4, no. 6 (January 1, 1999): 391–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/135475099230561.
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  - Toomey, B. H., G. H. Monteverdi, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Octylphenol induces vitellogenin production and cell death in fish hepatocytes.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18, no. 4 (January 1, 1999): 734–39. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620180420.
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  - Watson, D. E., W. Reichert, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Induction of hepatic CYP1A in channel catfish increases binding of 2-aminoanthracene to DNA in vitro and in vivo.” Carcinogenesis 19, no. 8 (August 1998): 1495–1501. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/19.8.1495.
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  - Ploch, S. A., L. C. King, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Comparative time-course of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation, and its relationship to CYP1A activity in two species of catfish.” Marine Environmental Research 46, no. 1–5 (July 1, 1998): 345–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(97)00118-9.
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  - Ploch, S. A., L. C. King, M. J. Kohan, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Comparative in vitro and in vivo benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation and its relationship to CYP1A activity in two species of ictalurid catfish.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 149, no. 1 (March 1998): 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1997.8359.
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  - Gray, L. E., W. R. Kelce, T. Wiese, R. Tyl, K. Gaido, J. Cook, G. Klinefelter, et al. “Endocrine Screening Methods Workshop report: detection of estrogenic and androgenic hormonal and antihormonal activity for chemicals that act via receptor or steroidogenic enzyme mechanisms.” Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) 11, no. 5 (September 1997): 719–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0890-6238(97)00025-7.
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  - Eufemia, N. A., T. K. Collier, J. E. Stein, D. E. Watson, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Biochemical responses to sediment-associated contaminants in brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus) from the Niagara River ecosystem.” Ecotoxicology 6, no. 1 (April 8, 1997): 13–34. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018692005641.
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  - Watson, D. E., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Hepatic CYP1A in brown bullhead catalyzes the binding of 2-aminoanthracene to DNA in vivo and in vitro.” Aquatic Toxicology 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(96)00800-4.
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  - Watson, D. E., L. Ménard, J. J. Stegeman, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Aminoanthracene is a mechanism-based inactivator of CYP1A in channel catfish hepatic tissue.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 135, no. 2 (December 1995): 208–15. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1995.1225.
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  - Di Giulio, R. T., J. V. Behar, D. B. Carlson, B. M. Hasspieler, and D. E. Watson. “Determinants of species susceptibility to oxidative stress: A comparison of channel catfish and brown bullhead.” Marine Environmental Research 39, no. 1–4 (January 1, 1995): 175–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(94)00021-G.
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  - Hasspieler, B. M., and R. T. Di Giulio. “NADPH: Phenanthrenequinone oxidoreductase in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).” Marine Environmental Research 39, no. 1–4 (January 1, 1995): 197–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(94)00038-Q.
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  - Hasspieler, B. M., J. V. Behar, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Glutathione-dependent defense in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus).” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 28, no. 1 (June 1994): 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1994.1036.
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  - Hasspieler, B. M., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Dicoumarol-sensitive NADPH: phenanthrenequinone oxidoreductase in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 125, no. 2 (April 1994): 184–91. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1994.1063.
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  - Hasspieler, B. M., J. V. Behar, D. B. Carlson, D. E. Watson, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Susceptibility of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus) to oxidative stress: a comparative study.” Aquatic Toxicology 28, no. 1–2 (January 1, 1994): 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(94)90020-5.
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  - Darby, P. C., E. P. Gallagher, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Glutathione enzymes, glutathione content and t-butyl hydroperoxide induced lipid peroxidation in the gill and digestive gland of the estuarine clam, Rangia cuneata.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part C: Comparative 106, no. 3 (January 1, 1993): 809–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(93)90246-H.
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  - Di Giulio, R. T., C. Habig, and E. P. Gallagher. “Effects of Black Rock Harbor sediments on indices of biotransformation, oxidative stress, and DNA integrity in channel catfish.” Aquatic Toxicology 26, no. 1–2 (January 1, 1993): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(93)90002-I.
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  - Gallagher, E. P., and R. T. Di Giulio. “A comparison of glutathione-dependent enzymes in liver, gills and posterior kidney of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C, Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology 102, no. 3 (July 1992): 543–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(92)90156-2.
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  - Gallagher, E. P., B. M. Hasspieler, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Effects of buthionine sulfoximine and diethyl maleate on glutathione turnover in the channel catfish.” Biochemical Pharmacology 43, no. 10 (May 1992): 2209–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(92)90180-q.
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  - Hasspieler, B. M., and R. T. Di Giulio. “DT diaphorase [NAD(P)H: (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase] facilitates redox cycling of menadione in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) cytosol.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 114, no. 1 (May 1992): 156–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x(92)90108-5.
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  - Gallagher, E. P., A. T. Canada, and R. T. Di Giulio. “The protective role of glutathione in chlorothalonil-induced stoxicity to channel catfish.” Aquatic Toxicology 23, no. 3–4 (January 1, 1992): 155–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(92)90049-S.
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  - Gallagher, E. P., R. C. Cattley, and R. T. Di Giulio. “The acute toxicity and sublethal effects of chlorothalonil in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).” Chemosphere 24, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(92)90561-5.
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  - Gallagher, E. P., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Glutathione-mediated chlorothalonil detoxification in channel catfish gills.” Marine Environmental Research 34, no. 1–4 (January 1, 1992): 221–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(92)90111-X.
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  - Hasspieler, B. M., and R. T. Di Giulio. “DT diaphorase [NAD(P)H: (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase] in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): kinetics and distribution.” Aquatic Toxicology 24, no. 1–2 (January 1, 1992): 143–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(92)90021-E.
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  - Di Giulio, R. T. “Indices of oxidative stress as biomarkers for environmental contamination.” Astm Special Technical Publication, no. 1124 (December 1, 1991): 15–31.
  - Gallagher, E. P., G. L. Kedderis, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Glutathione S-transferase-mediated chlorothalonil metabolism in liver and gill subcellular fractions of channel catfish.” Biochemical Pharmacology 42, no. 1 (June 1991): 139–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(91)90692-x.
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  - Gallagher, E. P., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and picloram on biotransformation, peroxisomal and serum enzyme activities in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).” Toxicology Letters 57, no. 1 (June 1991): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(91)90120-u.
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  - Mather-Mihaich, E., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Oxidant, mixed-function oxidase and peroxisomal responses in channel catfish exposed to a bleached kraft mill effluent.” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 20, no. 3 (April 1991): 391–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01064409.
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  - Winston, G. W., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Prooxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in aquatic organisms.” Aquatic Toxicology 19, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 137–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(91)90033-6.
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  - Richardson, C. J., T. W. Sasek, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Use of physiological and biochemical markers for assessing air pollution stress in trees.” Astm Special Technical Publication, no. 1091 (September 1, 1990): 143–55.
  - Di Giulio, R. T., P. C. Washburn, R. J. Wenning, G. W. Winston, and C. S. Jewell. “Biochemical responses in aquatic animals: A review of determinants of oxidative stress.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 8, no. 12 (January 1, 1989): 1103–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620081203.
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  - Dieter, M. P., and R. T. Di Giulio. “A comparative biochemical approach for the evaluation of wildlife toxicity.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 8, no. 12 (January 1, 1989): 1091–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620081201.
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  - Gallagher, E. P., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Effects of complex waste mixtures on hepatic monooxygenase activities in brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus).” Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 62, no. 2–3 (January 1989): 113–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(89)90182-6.
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  - Washburn, P. C., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Stimulation of superoxide production by nitrofurantoin, p‐nitrobenzoic acid and m‐dinitrobenzene in hepatic microsomes of three species of freshwater fish.” Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 8, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 171–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620080208.
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  - Washburn, P. C., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Nitrofurantoin-stimulated superoxide production by channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) hepatic microsomal and soluble fractions.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 95, no. 3 (September 1988): 363–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x(88)90355-9.
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  - Habig, C., R. T. Di Giulio, and M. B. Abou-Donia. “Comparative properties of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) acetylcholinesterases.” Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol 91, no. 2 (1988): 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(88)90032-1.
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  - Habig, C., and R. T. Di Giulio. “The anticholinesterase effect of the cotton defoliant S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) on channel catfish.” Marine Environmental Research 24, no. 1–4 (January 1, 1988): 193–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(88)90297-8.
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  - Washburn, P. C., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Nitroaromatic stimulation of superoxide production in three species of freshwater fish.” Marine Environmental Research 24, no. 1–4 (January 1, 1988): 291–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(88)90323-6.
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  - Wenming, R. J., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Microsomal enzyme activities, superoxide production, and antioxidant defenses in ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa) and wedge clams (Rangia cuneata).” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part C, Comparative 90, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(88)90092-8.
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  - Wenning, R. J., R. T. Di Giulio, and E. P. Gallagher. “Oxidant-mediated biochemical effects of paraquat in the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa.” Aquatic Toxicology 12, no. 2 (January 1, 1988): 157–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(88)90033-1.
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  - Wenning, R. J., and R. T. Di Giulio. “The effects of paraquat on microsomal oxygen reduction and antioxidant defenses in ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa) and wedge clams (rangia cuneata).” Marine Environmental Research 24, no. 1–4 (January 1, 1988): 301–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(88)90325-X.
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  - Andaya, A. A., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Acute toxicities and hematological effects of two substituted naphthoquinones in channel catfish.” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 16, no. 2 (March 1987): 233–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01055804.
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  - Di Giulio, R. T., and E. A. Ryan. “Mercury in soils, sediments, and clams from a North Carolina peatland.” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 33, no. 1–2 (March 1, 1987): 205–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00191389.
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  - Habig, C., A. Nomeir, R. T. DiGiulio, and M. B. Abou-Donia. “Extraction and determination by gas chromatography of S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) in fish and water.” J Assoc Off Anal Chem 70, no. 1 (January 1987): 103–6.
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  - Pace, C. B., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Lead concentrations in soil, sediment and clam samples from the Pungo River peatland area of North Carolina, USA.” Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) 43, no. 4 (January 1987): 301–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(87)90183-7.
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  - Habig, C., R. T. Digiulio, A. A. Nomeir, and M. B. Abou-Donia. “Comparative toxicity, cholinergic effects, and tissue levels of S,S,S,-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) to channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and blue crabs (callinectes sapidus).” Aquatic Toxicology 9, no. 4–5 (January 1, 1986): 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(86)90008-1.
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  - Mather-Mihaich, E., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde, glutathione and methemoglobin concentrations in channel catfish exposed to DEF and n-butyl mercaptan.” Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. C, Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology 85, no. 2 (January 1986): 427–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(86)90220-3.
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  - Di Giulio, R. T., and P. F. Scanlon. “Effects of cadmium ingestion and food restriction on energy metabolism and tissue metal concentrations in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos).” Environmental Research 37, no. 2 (August 1985): 433–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9351(85)90125-2.
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  - Di Giulio, R. T., and P. F. Scanlon. “Heavy metals in aquatic plants, clams, and sediments from the Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A. implications for waterfowl.” Science of the Total Environment, The 41, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 259–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90145-7.
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  - Di Giulio, R. T., and P. F. Scanlon. “Sublethal effects of cadmium ingestion on mallard ducks.” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 13, no. 6 (November 1984): 765–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01055941.
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  - Evans, D. W., R. T. DiGiulio, and E. A. Ryan. “MERCURY IN PEAT AND ITS DRAINAGE WATERS IN EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA.” 218 (September 1, 1984).
  - Di Giulio, R. T., and P. F. Scanlon. “Effects of cadmium and lead ingestion on tissue concentrations of cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc in mallard ducks.” Science of the Total Environment, The 39, no. 1–2 (January 1, 1984): 103–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(84)90028-7.
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  - Di Giulio, R. T., and P. F. Scanlon. “Heavy metals in tissues of waterfowl from the Chesapeake Bay, USA.” Environmental Pollution. Series A, Ecological and Biological 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1984): 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(84)90128-4.
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  - Kendall, R. J., P. F. Scanlon, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Toxicology of ingested lead shot in ringed turtle doves.” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 11, no. 3 (January 1982): 259–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01055200.
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- Book Sections
  - Carvan, M. J., and R. T. Di Giulio. “Oxidative stress responses in aquatic and marine fishes.” In Studies on Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 481–93, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19096-9_26.
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  - Hinton, D. E., H. Segner, D. W. T. Au, S. W. Kullman, and R. C. Hardman. “Liver toxicity.” In The Toxicology of Fishes, 327–400, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203647295.
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- Conference Papers
  - Gearhart-Serna, L. M., J. B. Davis, N. Jayasundara, M. K. Jolly, S. J. Sauer, H. Levine, R. T. Di Giulio, and G. R. Devi. “Exposure to a Naturally Occurring Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixture Triggers an Aggressive Phenotype in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells.” In International Journal of Toxicology, 38:37–38. SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2019.
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  - Meyer, J. N., D. Jung, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Quantifying Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Damage in Sentinel Species.” In Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 51:702–702. WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2010.
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  - Fleming, C. R., C. W. Matson, D. E. Hinton, and R. T. Di Giulio. “Developmental and moleculair interactions between hypoxia and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathways in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Atlantic killfish (Fundulus heteroclitus).” In Marine Environmental Research, 66:72–72. ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2008.
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  - Timme-Laragy, Alicia R., Crystal J. Cockman, Cole W. Matson, and Richard T. Di Giulio. “MRNA expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway members during polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon's synergistic developmental toxicity in zebrafish.” In Marine Environmental Research, 66:33–33. ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2008.
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  - Giulio, R. D., S. Billiard, J. Meyer, D. Wassenberg, and P. Hodson. “Synergistic developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Towards a mechanistic understanding.” In Marine Environmental Research, 62:S45–46, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.037.
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