Scholars@Duke
Richard T. Di Giulio

Richard T. Di Giulio

Sally Kleberg Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Environmental Toxicology
Environmental Natural Science
richd@duke.edu
Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708-0328
A346B Lev Sci Res Ctr, Durham, NC 27708

Selected Publications

Environmental Microbial Cues Alter Embryonic Development and Stress Responses in Vertebrates: Insights From the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model.

Journal Article Mol Ecol · December 2025 Host-microbiome interactions shape key physiological processes, including bioenergetics, neurodevelopment and xenobiotic metabolism, and strongly influence the ecological fitness of the host. However, our understanding of host-microbiome interactions is pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Polystyrene nanoplastics impact the bioenergetics of developing zebrafish and limit molecular and physiological adaptive responses to acute temperature stress.

Journal Article The Science of the total environment · January 2025 Plastic pollution is a growing environmental concern due to its ubiquitous impact on aquatic ecosystems. Nanoplastics can be generated from the breakdown of plastic waste and interact with organisms at the cellular level, potentially disrupting cellular ph ... Full text Cite

An epigenetic memory at the CYP1A gene in cancer-resistant, pollution-adapted killifish.

Journal Article Scientific reports · January 2025 Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is a significant public health problem that will worsen with a warming climate and increased large-scale wildfires. Here, we characterize an epigenetic memory at the cytochrome P450 1 A (CYP1A) gene ... Full text Cite

Transcriptomic and Methylomic Analyses Show Significant Shifts in Biosynthetic Processes and Reduced Intrapopulation Gene Expression Variance in PAH-Adapted Atlantic Killifish.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · November 2024 Environmental contaminants pose a significant selection pressure across taxa, potentiating evolved resistance to chemicals. However, rapid evolution may alter molecular and physiological homeostasis leading to trade-offs. To elucidate molecular underpinnin ... Full text Cite

Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Stress

Chapter · January 1, 2024 The purpose of Chapter 4 is to describe a particular set of phenomena that collectively comprise an important mechanism of chemical toxicity and cellular defense. These phenomena, referred to as redox stress, encompass oxidative and reductive stress and ap ... Full text Cite

Bioenergetic Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Resistance Manifest Later in Life in Offspring of Fundulus heteroclitus from the Elizabeth River.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · October 2023 Shifts in key physiological processes can confer resistance to chemical pollutants. However, these adaptations may come with certain trade-offs, such as altered energy metabolic processes, as evident in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) in ... Full text Cite

Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments: Impacts on Aquatic Species and Interactions with Environmental Factors and Pollutants.

Journal Article Toxics · June 2022 Plastic production began in the early 1900s and it has transformed our way of life. Despite the many advantages of plastics, a massive amount of plastic waste is generated each year, threatening the environment and human health. Because of their pervasiven ... Full text Cite

A comprehensive petrochemical vulnerability index for marine fishes in the Gulf of Mexico.

Journal Article The Science of the total environment · May 2022 Oil and gas extraction activities occur across the globe, yet species-specific toxicological information on the biological and ecological impacts of exposure to petrochemicals is lacking for the vast majority of marine species. To help prioritize species f ... Full text Cite

Embryonic exposure to benzo[a]pyrene causes age-dependent behavioral alterations and long-term metabolic dysfunction in zebrafish.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2022 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are products of incomplete combustion which are ubiquitous pollutants and constituents of harmful mixtures such as tobacco smoke, petroleum and creosote. Animal studies have shown that these compounds exert developmen ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

The role of gut microbial community and metabolomic shifts in adaptive resistance of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Journal Article The Science of the total environment · July 2021 Altered gut microbiomes may play a role in rapid evolution to anthropogenic change but remain poorly understood. Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) in the Elizabeth River, VA have evolved resistance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pr ... Full text Cite

The In Vitro Proinflammatory Properties of Water Accommodated Sediment Extracts from a Creosote-Contaminated US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Site.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · June 2021 The southern branch of the Elizabeth River near Portsmouth, Virginia, USA, is one of the most creosote-polluted subestuaries in North America and the former location of the Atlantic Wood US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site. We previously demo ... Full text Cite

A multi-taxonomic framework for assessing relative petrochemical vulnerability of marine biodiversity in the Gulf of Mexico.

Journal Article The Science of the total environment · April 2021 A fundamental understanding of the impact of petrochemicals and other stressors on marine biodiversity is critical for effective management, restoration, recovery, and mitigation initiatives. As species-specific information on levels of petrochemical expos ... Full text Cite

Heart development in two populations of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) following exposure to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture.

Journal Article Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · January 2021 Historic industrial pollution of the Elizabeth River, Virginia resulted in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in sediments. Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting the Atlantic Wood (AW) industrial site adapted to complex PAH ... Full text Cite

The organophosphate insecticide diazinon and aging: Neurobehavioral and mitochondrial effects in zebrafish exposed as embryos or during aging.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2021 Organophosphate (OP) compounds comprise one of the most widely used classes of insecticides worldwide. OPs have been shown to have negative human health impacts, particularly developmental neurotoxicity. However, neurotoxic impacts in later adulthood and d ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-enriched environmental chemical mixture enhances AhR, antiapoptotic signaling and a proliferative phenotype in breast cancer cells.

Journal Article Carcinogenesis · December 2020 Emerging evidence suggests the role of environmental chemicals, in particular endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), in progression of breast cancer and treatment resistance, which can impact survival outcomes. However, most research tends to focus on tumo ... Full text Cite

Kidney developmental effects of metal-herbicide mixtures: Implications for chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology.

Journal Article Environment international · November 2020 Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is an emerging global concern affecting several agricultural communities in the Americas and South Asia. Environmental contaminants such as heavy metals (e.g., Cd, As, Pb, and V) and organic pesticides (e.g ... Full text Cite

20th Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 20): Global issues and fundamental mechanisms caused by pollutant stress in marine and freshwater organisms.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · October 2020 The 20th Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 20) conference provided a forum for scientists from around the world to communicate novel toxicological research findings specifically focused on aquatic organisms, by combining applied and basic rese ... Full text Cite

PAH SORPTION TO NANOPLASTICS AND THE TROJAN HORSE EFFECT AS DRIVERS OF MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY AND PAH LOCALIZATION IN ZEBRAFISH.

Journal Article Frontiers in environmental science · July 2020 Plastics are world-wide pollutants that pose a potential threat to wildlife and human health. Small plastic particles, such as microplastics and nanoplastics, are easily ingested, and can act as a Trojan Horse by carrying microorganisms and pollutants. Thi ... Full text Cite

Caveats to the use of MTT, neutral red, Hoechst and Resazurin to measure silver nanoparticle cytotoxicity.

Journal Article Chemico-biological interactions · January 2020 The extensive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in manufactured products will inevitably increase environmental exposure, highlighting the importance of accurate toxicity assessments. A frequent strategy to estimate AgNP cytotoxicity is to use absorbance ... Full text Cite

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and hypoxia exposures result in mitochondrial dysfunction in zebrafish.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · November 2019 Organisms are routinely subjected to a variety of environmental and chemical perturbations simultaneously. Often, multi-stressor exposures result in unpredictable toxicity that occurs through unidentified mechanisms. Here, we focus on polycyclic aromatic h ... Full text Cite

Embryonic Fundulus heteroclitus responses to sediment extracts from differentially contaminated sites in the Elizabeth River, VA.

Journal Article Ecotoxicology (London, England) · November 2019 Sites along the Elizabeth River are contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from historical creosote production and other industrial processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that Atlantic killifish collected from sites throughout the ... Full text Cite

Nanoplastics Decrease the Toxicity of a Complex PAH Mixture but Impair Mitochondrial Energy Production in Developing Zebrafish.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · July 2019 Plastics are recognized as a worldwide threat to the environment, possibly affecting human health and wildlife. Small forms of plastics such as micro- and nanoplastics can interact with other organic contaminants, potentially acting as chemical carriers an ... Full text Cite

Beyond Selenium: Coal Combustion Residuals Lead to Multielement Enrichment in Receiving Lake Food Webs.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · April 2019 Effluents from coal-fired power plant ash ponds are a major source of environmental contamination, annually loading more than a million metric tons of pollutants to aquatic ecosystems in the United States alone. Though this waste stream is characterized by ... Full text Cite

Implications of aspect ratio on the uptake and nanotoxicity of gold nanomaterials

Journal Article Nanoimpact · February 1, 2019 Colloidally stable gold nanoparticles are commonly used for biomedical and industrial applications due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, the post-application fate of these nanoparticles in the environment requires consideration. In this ... Full text Cite

Acute Exposure to Permethrin Modulates Behavioral Functions, Redox, and Bioenergetics Parameters and Induces DNA Damage and Cell Death in Larval Zebrafish.

Journal Article Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · January 2019 Permethrin (PM) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide widely used as domestic repellent. Damage effects to nontarget organisms have been reported, particularly in the early stages of development. Studies indicate redox unbalance as secondary PM effect. The ... Full text Cite

Maternal transfer of nanoplastics to offspring in zebrafish (Danio rerio): A case study with nanopolystyrene.

Journal Article Sci Total Environ · December 1, 2018 Plastics are ubiquitous anthropogenic contaminants that are a growing concern in aquatic environments. The ecological implications of macroplastics pollution are well documented, but less is known about nanoplastics. The current study investigates the pote ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outcomes of developmental exposure to total particulate matter from cigarette smoke in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Neurotoxicology · September 2018 The effects of prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke remain a subject of major interest, especially as it relates to neural development and adverse behavioral outcomes. Several studies have investigated the developmental toxicity of cigarette smoke componen ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genome-wide scan reveals signatures of selection related to pollution adaptation in non-model estuarine Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · July 2018 In many human-altered ecosystems, organisms are increasingly faced with more diverse and complex environmental stressors and pollutant mixtures, to which the adaptations necessary to survive exposure are likely to be numerous and varied. Improving our unde ... Full text Cite

Neurobehavioral effects of 1,2-propanediol in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Neurotoxicology · March 2018 The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing despite insufficient information concerning their long-term effects, including the effects of maternal e-cigarette use on pre- and postnatal development. Our previous study demonstrated that dev ... Full text Link to item Cite

Uptake, tissue distribution, and toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Aquat Toxicol · January 2018 Plastic pollution is a critical environmental concern and comprises the majority of anthropogenic debris in the ocean, including macro, micro, and likely nanoscale (less than 100nm in at least one dimension) plastic particles. While the toxicity of macropl ... Full text Link to item Cite

Total particulate matter from cigarette smoke disrupts vascular development in zebrafish brain (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Toxicology and applied pharmacology · January 2018 Several studies have demonstrated zebrafish as a useful high-throughput in vivo model to study the effects of cigarette smoke on early development. It has been shown previously that exposure of zebrafish to cigarette smoke total particulate matter (TPM) le ... Full text Cite

Assessing Cancer Risk Associated with Aquatic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pollution Reveals Dietary Routes of Exposure and Vulnerable Populations.

Journal Article J Environ Public Health · 2018 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure is widespread, and many PAHs are considered carcinogenic. The PAH-contaminated AWI Superfund site in Virginia provides a model for studying a complex PAH mixture and its extrapolation to cancer risk and PAH ex ... Full text Link to item Cite

Later life swimming performance and persistent heart damage following subteratogenic PAH mixture exposure in the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · December 2017 High-level, acute exposures to individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and complex PAH mixtures result in cardiac abnormalities in developing fish embryos. Whereas acute PAH exposures can be developmentally lethal, little is known about the late ... Full text Cite

Early life co-exposures to a real-world PAH mixture and hypoxia result in later life and next generation consequences in medaka (Oryzias latipes).

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · September 2017 Acute effects of individual and complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well documented in vertebrate species. Hypoxia in fish reduces metabolic rate and reproduction. However, less is known about the later life consequences stemmin ... Full text Cite

Zebrafish have an ethanol-inducible hepatic 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase that is not CYP2E1-like.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and pharmacology · September 2017 Zebrafish are an attractive model organism for toxicology; however, an important consideration in translating between species is xenobiotic metabolism/bioactivation. CYP2E1 metabolizes small hydrophobic molecules, e.g. ethanol, cigarette smoke, and diesel ... Full text Cite

Cost of Tolerance: Physiological Consequences of Evolved Resistance to Inhabit a Polluted Environment in Teleost Fish Fundulus heteroclitus.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · August 2017 Anthropogenic stressors, including pollutants, are key evolutionary drivers. It is hypothesized that rapid evolution to anthropogenic changes may alter fundamental physiological processes (e.g., energy metabolism), compromising an organism's capacity to re ... Full text Cite

Discovery and ramifications of incidental Magnéli phase generation and release from industrial coal-burning.

Journal Article Nature communications · August 2017 Coal, as one of the most economic and abundant energy sources, remains the leading fuel for producing electricity worldwide. Yet, burning coal produces more global warming CO2 relative to all other fossil fuels, and it is a major contributor to ... Full text Cite

Biofilm mediated uptake of selenium in streams with mountaintop coal mine drainage

Journal Article Limnologica · July 1, 2017 Selenium (Se) may cause reproductive toxicity, yet the characteristics of Se bioaccumulation in aquatic food webs are understudied. Stream biofilms were grown in two reaches of Mud River, West Virginia (WV), including one downstream of a coal mine complex ... Full text Cite

Exposure to 1,2-Propanediol Impacts Early Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Induces Hyperactivity.

Journal Article Zebrafish · June 2017 The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing as an alternative to tobacco burning cigarettes; however, their safety remains to be fully determined. The long-term effects of e-cigarettes are unknown, including the effects of maternal e-ciga ... Full text Link to item Cite

Resistance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity and associated bioenergetic consequences in a population of Fundulus heteroclitus.

Journal Article Ecotoxicology (London, England) · April 2017 Several locations in the Elizabeth River, VA, USA are highly contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to the release of creosote mixtures from wood treatment facilities. Interestingly, some populations of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus h ... Full text Cite

In vitro models reveal differences in the developmental neurotoxicity of an environmental polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture compared to benzo[a]pyrene: Neuronotypic PC12 Cells and embryonic neural stem cells.

Journal Article Toxicology · February 15, 2017 In addition to their carcinogenic activity, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are suspected to be developmental neurotoxicants. We evaluated the effects of PAHs with two in vitro models that assess distinct "decision nodes" in neurodifferentiation: n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Glutathione and zebrafish: Old assays to address a current issue.

Journal Article Chemosphere · February 2017 Several xenobiotic agents (e.g. metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nanoparticles, etc.) commonly involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress as part of their toxic mode of action. Among piscine models, the zebrafish ... Full text Cite

A bioenergetics assay for studying the effects of environmental stressors on mitochondrial function in vivo in zebrafish larvae.

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · February 2017 Mitochondria, an integral component of cellular energy metabolism and other key functions, are extremely vulnerable to damage by environmental stressors. Although methods to measure mitochondrial function in vitro exist, sensitive, medium- to high-throughp ... Full text Cite

Selenium Ecotoxicology in Freshwater Lakes Receiving Coal Combustion Residual Effluents: A North Carolina Example.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · February 2017 Anthropogenic activities resulting in releases of selenium-laden waste streams threaten freshwater ecosystems. Lake ecosystems demand special consideration because they are characterized by prolonged retention of selenium and continuous cycling of the elem ... Full text Cite

Embryonic cardiotoxicity of weak aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and CYP1A inhibitor fluoranthene in the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · October 2016 High affinity aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands, such as certain polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), cause severe cardiac teratogenesis in fish embryos. Moderately strong AHR agonists, for example benzo[a]pyrene ... Full text Cite

Erratum to: Antioxidant Rescue of Selenomethionine-Induced Teratogenesis in Zebrafish Embryos.

Journal Article Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · October 2016 Full text Cite

AHR2 morpholino knockdown reduces the toxicity of total particulate matter to zebrafish embryos.

Journal Article Toxicology and applied pharmacology · October 2016 The zebrafish embryo has been proposed as a 'bridge model' to study the effects of cigarette smoke on early development. Previous studies showed that exposure to total particulate matter (TPM) led to adverse effects in developing zebrafish, and suggested t ... Full text Cite

Silver toxicity across salinity gradients: the role of dissolved silver chloride species (AgCl x ) in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) early life-stage toxicity.

Journal Article Ecotoxicology (London, England) · August 2016 The influence of salinity on Ag toxicity was investigated in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) early life-stages. Embryo mortality was significantly reduced as salinity increased and Ag(+) was converted to AgCl(solid). However, as salinity continu ... Full text Open Access Cite

Hepatic Responses of Juvenile Fundulus heteroclitus from Pollution-adapted and Nonadapted Populations Exposed to Elizabeth River Sediment Extract.

Journal Article Toxicologic pathology · July 2016 Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting the Atlantic Wood Industries region of the Elizabeth River, Virginia, have passed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) resistance to their offspring as evidenced by early life stage testing of developm ... Full text Open Access Cite

Legacy impacts of coal combusion residues in freshwater ecosystems in North Carolina

Journal Article Water Resources Research Institute News of the University of North Carolina · March 1, 2016 Coal combustion residuals (CCRs) released by permitted effluent streams partition to sediments and sediment pore waters where they accumulate to enriched levels in organisms at the base of the food chain. The objectives of this study were (1) to measure CC ... Cite

Antioxidant Rescue of Selenomethionine-Induced Teratogenesis in Zebrafish Embryos.

Journal Article Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · February 2016 Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that can be found at toxic concentrations in surface waters contaminated by runoff from agriculture and coal mining. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to aqueous Se in the form of selenate, selenite, a ... Full text Cite

Developmental exposure to a complex PAH mixture causes persistent behavioral effects in naive Fundulus heteroclitus (killifish) but not in a population of PAH-adapted killifish.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2016 Acute exposures to some individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and complex PAH mixtures are known to cause cardiac malformations and edema in the developing fish embryo. However, the heart is not the only organ impacted by developmental PAH exp ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Zebrafish cardiotoxicity: the effects of CYP1A inhibition and AHR2 knockdown following exposure to weak aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists.

Journal Article Environmental science and pollution research international · June 2015 The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates many of the toxic effects of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) and some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Strong AHR agonists, such as certain polychlorinated bi ... Full text Cite

Microchemical analysis of selenium in otoliths of two West Virginia fishes captured near mountaintop removal coal mining operations.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · May 2015 Otoliths, calcified inner ear structures, were collected from creek chubs (Semotilus atromaculatus) and green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) living in mountaintop mining-impacted and reference streams and analyzed for selenium (Se) content using laser ablatio ... Full text Cite

AHR2-Mediated transcriptomic responses underlying the synergistic cardiac developmental toxicity of PAHs.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · February 2015 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) induce developmental defects including cardiac deformities in fish. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates the toxicity of some PAHs. Exposure to a simple PAH mixture during embryo development consisting of an ... Full text Cite

Silver nanoparticle toxicity to Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) and Caenorhabditis elegans: a comparison of mesocosm, microcosm, and conventional laboratory studies.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · February 2015 The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products and industrial applications, as well as their recent detection in waste streams, has created concern about potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems. The effect of complex environmental media on Ag ... Full text Cite

High-Throughput Tissue Bioenergetics Analysis Reveals Identical Metabolic Allometric Scaling for Teleost Hearts and Whole Organisms.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2015 Organismal metabolic rate, a fundamental metric in biology, demonstrates an allometric scaling relationship with body size. Fractal-like vascular distribution networks of biological systems are proposed to underlie metabolic rate allometric scaling laws fr ... Full text Cite

Teratogenic, bioenergetic, and behavioral effects of exposure to total particulate matter on early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) are not mimicked by nicotine.

Journal Article Neurotoxicol Teratol · 2015 Cigarette smoke has been associated with a number of pathologies; however, the mechanisms leading to developmental effects are yet to be fully understood. The zebrafish embryo is regarded as a 'bridge model'; however, not many studies examined its applicab ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Elizabeth River Story: A Case Study in Evolutionary Toxicology.

Journal Article Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews · January 2015 The Elizabeth River system is an estuary in southeastern Virginia, surrounded by the towns of Chesapeake, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Virginia Beach. The river has played important roles in U.S. history and has been the location of various military and indust ... Full text Open Access Cite

Resistance to teratogenesis by F1 and F2 embryos of PAH-adapted Fundulus heteroclitus is strongly inherited despite reduced recalcitrance of the AHR pathway.

Journal Article Environmental science and pollution research international · December 2014 Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting the Atlantic Wood Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (Portsmouth, VA, USA) are exposed to a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from former creosote operations, but are resista ... Full text Cite

Effect-directed analysis of Elizabeth River porewater: developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · December 2014 In the present study, effect-directed analysis was used to identify teratogenic compounds in porewater collected from a Superfund site along the Elizabeth River estuary (VA, USA). Zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to the porewater displayed acute development ... Full text Cite

Salinity-dependent silver nanoparticle uptake and transformation by Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) embryos.

Journal Article Nanotoxicology · August 2014 We assessed the biodistribution and in situ speciation of sub-lethal concentrations of citrate-coated silver nanoparticles and dissolved silver within Fundulus heteroclitus embryos. Using a thorough physico-chemical characterization, we studied the role of ... Full text Cite

Bioaccumulation and speciation of selenium in fish and insects collected from a mountaintop removal coal mining-impacted stream in West Virginia.

Journal Article Ecotoxicology (London, England) · July 2014 A major contaminant of concern for mountaintop removal/valley fill (MTR/VF) coal mining is selenium (Se), an essential micronutrient that can be toxic to fish. Creek chubs (Semotilus atromaculatus), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), and composite insect s ... Full text Cite

Dietary CdSe/ZnS quantum dot exposure in estuarine fish: bioavailability, oxidative stress responses, reproduction, and maternal transfer.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · March 2014 Continued development, use, and disposal of quantum dots (QDs) ensure their entrance into aquatic environments where they could pose a risk to biological organisms as whole nanoparticles or as degraded metal constituents. Reproductive Fundulus heteroclitus ... Full text Cite

Genomic and physiological responses to strong selective pressure during late organogenesis: few gene expression changes found despite striking morphological differences.

Journal Article BMC genomics · November 2013 BackgroundAdaptations to a new environment, such as a polluted one, often involve large modifications of the existing phenotypes. Changes in gene expression and regulation during critical developmental stages may explain these phenotypic changes. ... Full text Cite

Knockdown of AHR1A but not AHR1B exacerbates PAH and PCB-126 toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · October 2013 Various environmental contaminants are known agonists for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which is highly conserved across vertebrate species. Due to gene duplication events before and after the divergence of ray- and lobe-finned fishes, many teleosts ... Full text Cite

Isotopic imprints of mountaintop mining contaminants.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · September 2013 Mountaintop mining (MTM) is the primary procedure for surface coal exploration within the central Appalachian region of the eastern United States, and it is known to contaminate streams in local watersheds. In this study, we measured the chemical and isoto ... Full text Open Access Cite

Compound- and mixture-specific differences in resistance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and PCB-126 among Fundulus heteroclitus subpopulations throughout the Elizabeth River estuary (Virginia, USA).

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · September 2013 Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting the Atlantic Wood Industries Superfund Site (Elizabeth River, Portsmouth, VA, USA) are resistant to the acute toxicity and cardiac teratogenesis caused by high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ... Full text Cite

Cerium oxide nanoparticles are more toxic than equimolar bulk cerium oxide in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · August 2013 Engineered cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are widely used in biomedical and engineering manufacturing industries. Previous research has shown the ability of CeO2 NPs to act as a redox catalyst, suggesting potential to both induce and alleviate oxida ... Full text Cite

Sulfidation of silver nanoparticles: natural antidote to their toxicity.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · January 2013 Nanomaterials are highly dynamic in biological and environmental media. A critical need for advancing environmental health and safety research for nanomaterials is to identify physical and chemical transformations that affect the nanomaterial properties an ... Full text Cite

Common commercial and consumer products contain activators of the aryl hydrocarbon (dioxin) receptor.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2013 Activation of the Ah receptor (AhR) by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs), such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin), can produce a wide variety of toxic and biological effects. While recent studies have shown that the AhR can bind a ... Full text Cite

Assessing different mechanisms of toxicity in mountaintop removal/valley fill coal mining-affected watershed samples using Caenorhabditis elegans.

Journal Article PloS one · January 2013 Mountaintop removal-valley fill coal mining has been associated with a variety of impacts on ecosystem and human health, in particular reductions in the biodiversity of receiving streams. However, effluents emerging from valley fills contain a complex mixt ... Full text Cite

Biotic and abiotic interactions in aquatic microcosms determine fate and toxicity of Ag nanoparticles: part 2-toxicity and Ag speciation.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · July 2012 To study the effects of complex environmental media on silver nanoparticle (AgNP) toxicity, AgNPs were added to microcosms with freshwater sediments and two species of aquatic plants (Potamogeton diversifolius and Egeria densa), followed by toxicity testin ... Full text Cite

Glutathione transferase pi class 2 (GSTp2) protects against the cardiac deformities caused by exposure to PAHs but not PCB-126 in zebrafish embryos.

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · May 2012 Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are phase II enzymes that detoxify a wide range of toxicants and reactive intermediates. One such class of toxicants is the ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Certain PAHs are known to cause developmental ca ... Full text Cite

Fundulus heteroclitus adapted to PAHs are cross-resistant to multiple insecticides.

Journal Article Ecotoxicology (London, England) · March 2012 Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from the Atlantic Wood Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (ER), VA are dramatically resistant to the acute toxicity and teratogenesis caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To understand the consequ ... Full text Cite

Cumulative impacts of mountaintop mining on an Appalachian watershed.

Journal Article Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · December 2011 Mountaintop mining is the dominant form of coal mining and the largest driver of land cover change in the central Appalachians. The waste rock from these surface mines is disposed of in the adjacent river valleys, leading to a burial of headwater streams a ... Full text Cite

Meditations on the ubiquity and mutability of nano-sized materials in the environment.

Journal Article ACS nano · November 2011 A wide variety of nanomaterials can be found naturally occurring in the environment, although finding and characterizing these materials remains a challenge due to their size. Recent studies in the field have shown that natural nanomaterials are common in ... Full text Cite

Genotoxicity in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a PAH-contaminated Superfund site on the Elizabeth River, Virginia.

Journal Article Ecotoxicology (London, England) · November 2011 The Atlantic Wood Industries Superfund site (AWI) on the Elizabeth River in Portsmouth, VA is heavily contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a wood treatment facility. Atlantic killifish, or mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), at thi ... Full text Cite

The role of CYP1A inhibition in the embryotoxic interactions between hypoxia and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PAH mixtures in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Ecotoxicology (London, England) · August 2011 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants with elevated concentrations in waters that may also experience hypoxia. Previous research has shown interactions between hypoxia and some PAHs (fluoranthene, α-naphthoflavone) ... Full text Cite

AHR2 knockdown prevents PAH-mediated cardiac toxicity and XRE- and ARE-associated gene induction in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Toxicology and applied pharmacology · August 2011 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants often present in aquatic systems as complex mixtures. Embryonic fish are sensitive to the developmental toxicity of some PAHs, but the exact mechanisms involved in this toxic ... Full text Cite

Ultraviolet treatment and biodegradation of dibenzothiophene: Identification and toxicity of products.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · November 2010 Biodegradation of pollutants often results in incomplete mineralization and formation of degradation products with unknown chemical and toxicological characteristics. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, a common technology used in water and wastewater treatment, ... Full text Cite

Comparative chronic liver toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene in two populations of the atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) with different exposure histories.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · October 2010 BackgroundThe Atlantic Wood Industries Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (ER) in Portsmouth, Virginia, is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from creosote. Embryos and larvae of ER killifish (Fundulus heteroclitu ... Full text Cite

AHR2 mediates cardiac teratogenesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and PCB-126 in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · August 2010 Exposure of developing fish to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) results in a suite of defects including cardiac malformation, pericardial and yolk sac edema, craniofacial defects, and hemorrhaging. Severa ... Full text Cite

Characterization of the recalcitrant CYP1 phenotype found in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a Superfund site on the Elizabeth River, VA.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · August 2010 Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish) found at the Atlantic Wood Industries Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (ER) in Portsmouth, VA (USA), have been shown to be resistant to the teratogenic effects of creosote-contaminated sediments found at this ... Full text Cite

The QPCR assay for analysis of mitochondrial DNA damage, repair, and relative copy number.

Journal Article Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · August 2010 The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) assay allows measurement of DNA damage in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes without isolation of mitochondria. It also permits measurement of relative mitochondrial genome copy number. Finally, it can b ... Full text Cite

Quantifying Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Damage in Sentinel Species

Conference ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS · August 1, 2010 Link to item Cite

Urinary biomarkers of oxidative status in a clinical model of oxidative assault.

Journal Article Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev · June 2010 BACKGROUND: We used doxorubicin-based chemotherapy as a clinical model of oxidative assault in humans. METHODS: The study recruited newly diagnosed breast cancer patients (n = 23). Urine samples were collected immediately before (T0) and at 1 hour (T1) and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Identification of mitochondrial cytochrome P450 induced in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · January 2010 Increasing evidence suggests that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are localized to the mitochondria. Because the toxic effects of many PAHs are the result of metabolism by cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), it is important to i ... Full text Cite

Effects of benzo[a]pyrene on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a creosote-contaminated and reference site.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · October 2009 Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a known genotoxicant that affects both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (mtDNA, nDNA). Here, we examined mtDNA and nDNA damage in the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a highly contaminated Superfund site (Elizabeth River ... Full text Cite

Decreasing uncertainties in assessing environmental exposure, risk, and ecological implications of nanomaterials.

Journal Article Environmental science & technology · September 2009 Determining the fate and interactions of nanomaterials in complex environmental contexts is required to assess exposure and possible harm as well as to inform regulation. As the nanotechnology industry moves up into the rarified air of trillion dollar econ ... Full text Cite

Hypoxia inhibits induction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity in topminnow hepatocarcinoma cells in an ARNT-dependent manner.

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · September 2009 Hypoxic events often occur in waters contaminated with toxic chemicals, including agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). HIF-1alpha, the mediator of cellular responses to hypoxia, shares a dimerization partner (ARNT) with AhR and reciprocal cross ... Full text Cite

Markers of oxidative status in a clinical model of oxidative assault: a pilot study in human blood following doxorubicin administration.

Journal Article Biomarkers · August 2009 We used doxorubicin-based chemotherapy as a clinical model for oxidative assault. Study recruited 23 breast cancer patients and collected blood samples before (T0), at 1 (T1) and 24 hours (T24) after treatment administration. Measurements included protein ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antioxidant responses and NRF2 in synergistic developmental toxicity of PAHs in zebrafish.

Journal Article Toxicol Sci · June 2009 Early piscine life stages are sensitive to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure, which can cause pericardial effusion and craniofacial malformations. We previously reported that certain combinations of PAHs cause synergistic developmental toxicit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of CYP1A inhibition on the biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene in two populations of Fundulus heteroclitus with different exposure histories.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · May 2009 Sediment contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (ER) in Portsmouth, VA, is teratogenic to embryonic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from reference sites. However, embryos born to a populatio ... Full text Cite

The long amplicon quantitative PCR for DNA damage assay as a sensitive method of assessing DNA damage in the environmental model, Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · March 2009 DNA damage is an important mechanism of toxicity for a variety of pollutants, and therefore, is often used as an indicator of pollutant effects in ecotoxicological studies. Here, we adapted a PCR-based assay for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage for use ... Full text Cite

Fluoranthene, but not benzo[a]pyrene, interacts with hypoxia resulting in pericardial effusion and lordosis in developing zebrafish.

Journal Article Chemosphere · December 2008 Previous research has documented several PAHs that interact synergistically, causing severe teratogenicity in developing fish embryos. The coexposure of CYP1A inhibitors (e.g. FL or ANF) with AHR agonists (e.g. BaP or BNF) results in a synergistic increase ... Full text Cite

Embryo toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to the wood duck (Aix sponsa).

Journal Article Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · November 2008 We examined the sensitivity of the wood duck (Aix sponsa) embryo to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) by injecting the toxicant into their eggs. Six groups of wood duck eggs (n = 35 to 211 per trial) were injected with 0 to 4600 pg TCDD/g egg betw ... Full text Cite

Accumulation of environmental contaminants in wood duck (Aix sponsa) eggs, with emphasis on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans.

Journal Article Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · November 2008 We measured polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and mercury in wood duck (Aix sponsa) eggs collected near a North Carolina (USA) bleached kraft paper ... Full text Cite

Nonadditive effects of PAHs on Early Vertebrate Development: mechanisms and implications for risk assessment.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · September 2008 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Traditionally, much of the research has focused on the carcinogenic potential of specific PAHs, such as benzo(a)pyrene, but recent studies using sensitive fish models have s ... Full text Cite

CYP1B1 knockdown does not alter synergistic developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Journal Article Marine environmental research · July 2008 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contaminants increasing in the environment largely due to burning of fossil fuels. Our previous work identified a synergistic toxicity interaction in zebrafish embryos occurring when PAHs that are agonists for th ... Full text Cite

Development of the morpholino gene knockdown technique in Fundulus heteroclitus: a tool for studying molecular mechanisms in an established environmental model.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · May 2008 A significant challenge in environmental toxicology is that many genetic and genomic tools available in laboratory models are not developed for commonly used environmental models. The Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) is one of the most studied te ... Full text Open Access Cite

Newspapers and newspaper ink contain agonists for the ah receptor.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · April 2008 Ligand-dependent activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway leads to a diverse array of biological and toxicological effects. The best-studied ligands for the AhR include polycyclic and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, the most potent of w ... Full text Cite

Toxicological effects of methylmercury on walleye (Sander vitreus) and perch (Perca flavescens) from lakes of the boreal forest.

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · March 2008 Biochemical and physiological responses of walleye (Sander vitreus) and perch (Perca flavescens) were studied in four Canadian boreal forest lakes representing a mercury (Hg) exposure gradient. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Hg and meth ... Full text Cite

The toxicology of fishes

Book · January 1, 2008 When looking for a book on fish toxicology, you might find one that discusses the biochemical and molecular aspects, or one that focuses aquatic toxicology in general. You can find resources that cover human and animal toxicology or ecotoxicology in genera ... Full text Cite

Fundulus as the premier teleost model in environmental biology: opportunities for new insights using genomics.

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics · December 2007 A strong foundation of basic and applied research documents that the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus and related species are unique laboratory and field models for understanding how individuals and populations interact with their environment. In this ... Full text Cite

Synergistic induction of AHR regulated genes in developmental toxicity from co-exposure to two model PAHs in zebrafish.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · December 2007 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pollutants created by the incomplete combustion of carbon, and are increasing in the environment largely due to the burning of fossil fuels. PAHs occur as complex mixtures, and some combinations have been shown t ... Full text Cite

The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in mediating synergistic developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to zebrafish.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · August 2006 Planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (pHAHs), such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin), show strong binding affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and are potent inducers of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A). It is widely accepted that di ... Full text Cite

Lack of p53 induction in fish cells by model chemotherapeutics.

Journal Article Oncogene · March 2006 Although p53 has been extensively studied in mammalian models, relatively little is known about its specific function in lower vertebrates. It has long been assumed that p53 pathways characterized in mammals apply to other vertebrates as well. Fish provide ... Full text Cite

Developmental and behavioral effects of embryonic exposure to the polybrominated diphenylether mixture DE-71 in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Journal Article Chemosphere · February 2006 Exposures to penta polybrominated diphenylether (PeBDE) cause neurobehavioral toxicity in developing mice and rats. As levels of these ubiquitous contaminants are increasing in the environment, this raises concern that wildlife may also suffer such effects ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genomic approaches for cross-species extrapolation in toxicology

Book · January 1, 2006 The latest tools for investigating stress response in organisms, genomic technologies provide great insight into how different organisms respond to environmental conditions. However, their usefulness needs to be tested, verified, and codified. Genomic Appr ... Cite

Preface

Book · January 1, 2006 Cite

The chlorinated AHR ligand 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during embryonic development in the killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus).

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · January 2006 Exposure to dioxin-like chemicals that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) can result in increased cellular and tissue production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Little is known of these effects during early fish development. We used the fish mo ... Full text Cite

Synergistic developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Towards a mechanistic understanding

Conference Marine Environmental Research · 2006 PAH invariably occur in the environment as complex mixtures of non-substituted PAH, alkyl-PAH, and N-, S-, and O-ring substituted PAH. Recent studies with mixtures derived from pollution events in marine and estuarine systems, e.g., the Exxon Valdez oil sp ... Full text Cite

Effects of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon heterocycles, carbazole and dibenzothiophene, on in vivo and in vitro CYP1A activity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-derived embryonic deformities.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · October 2005 Heterocyclic derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are often significant components of environmental contaminant mixtures; however, their contribution to the toxicity of these mixtures is not well characterized. These heterocycles commonly ... Full text Cite

Analysis of CpG methylation in the killifish CYP1A promoter.

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · August 2005 Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish or mummichog) inhabiting a creosote-contaminated Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (VA, USA), exhibit a lack of induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) mRNA, immunodetectable protein, and catalytic activity afte ... Full text Cite

Differential display of hepatic mRNA from killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a Superfund estuary.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · July 2005 Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish, mummichog) from a highly contaminated site on the Elizabeth River (VA, USA) are resistant to the toxicity of sediment from the site. However, the mechanistic changes that confer resistance to the toxicity are not ... Full text Cite

Assessment of the phototoxicity of weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil to juvenile pink salmon.

Journal Article Chemosphere · June 2005 Petroleum products are known to have greater toxicity to the translucent embryos and larvae of aquatic organisms in the presence of ultraviolet radiation (UV) compared to toxicity determined in tests performed under standard laboratory lighting with minima ... Full text Cite

Synergistic embryotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists with cytochrome P4501A inhibitors in Fundulus heteroclitus.

Journal Article Environmental health perspectives · December 2004 Widespread contamination of aquatic systems with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has led to concern about effects of PAHs on aquatic life. Some PAHs have been shown to cause deformities in early life stages of fish that resemble those elicited by p ... Full text Cite

Teratogenesis in Fundulus heteroclitus embryos exposed to a creosote-contaminated sediment extract and CYP1A inhibitors.

Journal Article Marine environmental research · August 2004 The goal of these experiments was to explore the relationship between cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) induction and the teratogenicity of sediments from the Atlantic Wood Industries Superfund site (Elizabeth River, VA) in Fundulus heteroclitus embryos. In these ... Full text Cite

Oxidative stress in two populations of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) with differing contaminant exposure histories.

Journal Article Marine environmental research · August 2004 A population of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a creosote-polluted inlet of the Elizabeth River demonstrates tolerance to the acute toxic effects exerted by contaminated sediments on reference site killifish. Previous data have suggested that ... Full text Cite

Antioxidant defenses in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) exposed to contaminated sediments and model prooxidants: short-term and heritable responses.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · December 2003 A population of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (VA, USA) is tolerant of the acute toxicity of the sediments from the site; previous work suggests that this tolerance is based both on genetic adaptation ... Full text Cite

Expression and inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway genes in wild-caught killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) with different contaminant-exposure histories.

Journal Article Environmental toxicology and chemistry · October 2003 Wildcaught killifish from a contaminated site on the Elizabeth River (VA, USA) are refractory to induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A, measured as catalytic activity and immunodetectable CYP1A protein) after exposure to typical aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( ... Full text Cite

Heritable adaptation and fitness costs in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a polluted estuary

Journal Article Ecological Applications · January 1, 2003 Adaptation to contaminants in the environment has been studied extensively in microbes, insects, and plants, and increasing evidence suggests that certain vertebrate populations as well are evolving in response to pollution. Here, we show that F1 and F2 la ... Full text Cite

Patterns of heritability of decreased EROD activity and resistance to PCB 126-induced teratogenesis in laboratory-reared offspring of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a creosote-contaminated site in the Elizabeth River, VA, USA.

Journal Article Marine environmental research · September 2002 Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from a highly contaminated site on the Elizabeth River are resistant to the acute toxicity and the cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)-inducing activity of both the sediments from the site and chemically pure polycyclic aromatic hyd ... Full text Cite

Effects of single and combined exposures to benzo(a)pyrene and 3,3'4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl on EROD activity and development in Fundulus heteroclitus.

Journal Article Marine environmental research · September 2002 The goal of this study was to assess the interactive effects of a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and a co-planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon (HAH), 3,3'4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) on ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase ... Full text Cite

Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus): heritability of altered expression and relationship to survival in contaminated sediments.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · July 2002 Previous research has shown that killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a creosote-contaminated site on the Elizabeth River in Virginia exhibit little induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein expression and activity upon exposure to typical CYP ... Full text Cite

Editorial

Journal Article Biomarkers · December 31, 2001 Full text Cite

In vivo and in vitro inhibition of CYP1A-dependent activity in Fundulus heteroclitus by the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene.

Journal Article Toxicology and applied pharmacology · December 2001 Certainpolynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) induce CYP1A-dependent enzyme activities. Because PAHs are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, and some are aryl hydrocarbon agonists, CYP1A has been used as a biomarker for PA ... Full text Cite

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces apoptotic cell death and cytochrome P4501A expression in developing Fundulus heteroclitus embryos.

Journal Article Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · July 2001 Fundulus heteroclitus embryos were exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during early development using nanoinjection or water bath exposure. TCDD caused developmental abnormalities that included hemorrhaging, loss of vascular integrity, ed ... Full text Cite

No detectable DNA excision repair in UV-exposed hepatocytes from two catfish species.

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · March 2001 DNA repair is a critical process in protecting cellular genetic information from mutation. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a mechanism by which cells correct DNA damage caused by agents that form bulky covalent adducts and UV photoproducts such as thym ... Full text Cite

No detectable DNA excision repair in UV-exposed hepatocytes from two catfish species

Journal Article Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - C Toxicology and Pharmacology · 2001 DNA repair is a critical process in protecting cellular genetic information from mutation. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a mechanism by which cells correct DNA damage caused by agents that form bulky covalent adducts and UV photoproducts such as thym ... Cite

Vitellogenin association and oocytic accumulation of thyroxine and 3, 5,3'-triiodothyronine in gravid Fundulus heteroclitus.

Journal Article General and comparative endocrinology · November 2000 The association of the thyroid hormone (TH) thyroxine (T(4)) and its metabolically active metabolite 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) with serum vitellogenin (VTG) in gravid female and estrogenized male (E2+) Fundulus heteroclitus was investigated. In in viv ... Full text Cite

Comparative metabolism and excretion of benzo(a)pyrene in 2 species of ictalurid catfish.

Journal Article Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · November 2000 Differential susceptibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-mediated liver cancer exists in two related species of Ictalurid catfish. Two hypotheses are addressed in this study to explain this difference. Specifically, the relatively insensitive c ... Full text Cite

Increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in a creosote-adapted population of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)

Journal Article Marine Environmental Research · January 1, 2000 With increasing frequency, aquatic organisms inhabit regions where biochemical adaptations to contaminants are essential for survival. The resultant selection for individuals better adapted to a polluted environment may result in a population better able t ... Full text Cite

Developmental toxicity of estrogenic alkylphenols in killifish (Fundulus Heteroclitus)

Journal Article Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · January 1, 2000 Estrogenic alkylphenols have been identified in the aquatic environment, and concern has arisen over the ability of these compounds to interact with and potentially disrupt vertebrate endocrine systems. Here we report that waterborne nonylphenol (NP) and 4 ... Full text Cite

Oocytic accumulation and tissue distribution of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and benzo[a]pyrene in gravid Fundulus heteroclitus

Journal Article Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · January 1, 2000 These studies investigated the maternal transfer of xenobiotic ligands in the estuarine mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). The common environmental contaminants 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) were shown to accumulate ... Full text Cite

In vitro and in vivo association of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and benzo[a]pyrene with the yolk-precursor protein vitellogenin

Journal Article Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · January 1, 2000 These studies investigated the association of common environmental contaminants 2,3,7,8-tetraclorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) with the yolk-precursor protein vitellogenin (VTG). In vitro studies with purified VTG from the channel cat ... Full text Cite

Differential phase I and phase II enzyme activities in brown bullhead and channel catfish exposed to β-naphthoflavone

Journal Article Marine Environmental Research · January 1, 2000 This research explores biochemical mechanisms underlying the differential susceptibility of two related species of Ictaluridae (channel catfish and brown bullhead) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-mediated liver cancer. The hypothesis is that the o ... Full text Cite

Vitellogenin-associated maternal transfer of exogenous and endogenous ligands in the estuarine fish, Fundulus heteroclitus

Journal Article Marine Environmental Research · January 1, 2000 Sequestration of large quantities of vitellogenin (VTG) is critical for proper oocyte development in most oviparous vertebrates. While previous studies have shown a general correlation between oocyte growth and the accumulation of various exogenous and end ... Full text Cite

Interaction of estrogenic alkylphenols and tamoxifen in Fundulus heteroclitus embryos and larvae

Journal Article Marine Environmental Research · January 1, 2000 Alkylphenols, such as nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP), have been identified in the aquatic environment and are considered estrogenic. Previously, we reported that NP and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-tOP) were embryotoxic to Fundulus heteroclitus, an estuari ... Full text Cite

Oxidative stress in liver of brown bullhead and channel catfish following exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide

Journal Article Aquatic Toxicology · August 1, 1999 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the etiology of liver neoplasia in mammals and fishes. Oxidation of DNA and lipid peroxidation may be important early markers of such damage in certain species and tissues. In this study, 8-hydroxy-2'-d ... Full text Cite

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for estrogenicity using primary hepatocyte cultures from the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

Journal Article Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · July 1999 An in vitro assay has been developed to screen for estrogenic activity of single chemicals or complex mixtures. This method combines primary hepatocyte cultures from the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA ... Full text Cite

Octylphenol induces vitellogenin production and cell death in fish hepatocytes

Journal Article Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · January 1, 1999 The effects of octylphenol (OP) on vitellogenin production and cell death in hepatocytes from brown bullhead catfish (Ameriurus nebulosus) were studied. Production of vitellogenin was induced in hepatocytes exposed to 10 to 50 μM OP, whereas a higher conce ... Full text Cite

Induction of hepatic CYP1A in channel catfish increases binding of 2-aminoanthracene to DNA in vitro and in vivo.

Journal Article Carcinogenesis · August 1998 Data are presented from in vitro and in vivo studies that indicate cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) hepatic tissue activates 2-amino-anthracene (AA) to a reactive metabolite that binds to DNA. Channel catfish were injected ... Full text Cite

Comparative time-course of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation, and its relationship to CYP1A activity in two species of catfish

Journal Article Marine Environmental Research · July 1, 1998 Studies have demonstrated differences between the brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus) (BB) and a closely related species of catfish, the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) (CC) in activity of important liver enzymes that may affect their ability to act ... Full text Cite

Comparative in vitro and in vivo benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation and its relationship to CYP1A activity in two species of ictalurid catfish.

Journal Article Toxicology and applied pharmacology · March 1998 We have measured the formation and persistence of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-DNA adducts in the liver of two closely related species of fish, the brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus) and the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) using the 32P-postlabeling method ... Full text Cite

Biochemical responses to sediment-associated contaminants in brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus) from the Niagara River ecosystem

Journal Article Ecotoxicology · April 8, 1997 Brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus) were collected from three sites in the Niagara River ecosystem in June and September of 1991, and sediment samples from these sites were obtained in July 1991. The sites were located in the Buffalo River, the Niagara Ri ... Full text Cite

Hepatic CYP1A in brown bullhead catalyzes the binding of 2-aminoanthracene to DNA in vivo and in vitro

Journal Article Aquatic Toxicology · January 1, 1997 Brown bullhead were injected i.p. with vehicle or β-naphthoflavone (βNF), followed 2 days later with vehicle erring-tritiated 2-aminoanthracene ([3H]-AA), such that four treatments were obtained: (1) vehicle only; (2) βNF only; [3H]-A ... Full text Cite

Aminoanthracene is a mechanism-based inactivator of CYP1A in channel catfish hepatic tissue.

Journal Article Toxicology and applied pharmacology · December 1995 In beta NF-induced channel catfish, hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity decreased 66.5% 24 hr after injection of 2-aminoanthracene (AA, 10 mg/kg) compared with non-AA-injected animals (p < 0.05). This difference in hepatic EROD activity wa ... Full text Cite

Determinants of species susceptibility to oxidative stress: A comparison of channel catfish and brown bullhead

Journal Article Marine Environmental Research · January 1, 1995 Xenobiotic-mediated productions of reactive oxygen species, via enzymemediated redox cycling, have been implicated in a variety of toxicological phenomena including lipid peroxidation, enzyme inactivation and oxidative DNA damage leading to cancer. A compa ... Full text Cite

NADPH: Phenanthrenequinone oxidoreductase in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Journal Article Marine Environmental Research · January 1, 1995 The toxicity of certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been related to the phenomenon of oxidative stress. Recent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) is an efficient redox cycling agent in cytosols of severa ... Full text Cite

Glutathione-dependent defense in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus).

Journal Article Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · June 1994 Glutathione-dependent defense against xenobiotic toxicity is a multifaceted phenomenon that has been well characterized in mammals. This study undertakes a comparison of two benthic fish species, the channel catfish and brown bullhead, in terms of characte ... Full text Cite

Dicoumarol-sensitive NADPH: phenanthrenequinone oxidoreductase in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

Journal Article Toxicology and applied pharmacology · April 1994 Phenanthrenequinone (PQ), which occurs widely as a pollutant and as a major metabolite of phenanthrene in a number of species, has been demonstrated to undergo futile redox cycling leading to oxidative stress. In the presence of cytosolic fractions of sele ... Full text Cite

Susceptibility of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and brown bullhead (Ameriurus nebulosus) to oxidative stress: a comparative study

Journal Article Aquatic Toxicology · January 1, 1994 Many pollutants in aquatic systems have been shown to exert toxic effects related to oxidative stress. Biochemical parameters of xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress were examined in two benthic fish species, channel catfish and brown bullhead, which ... Full text Cite

Glutathione enzymes, glutathione content and t-butyl hydroperoxide induced lipid peroxidation in the gill and digestive gland of the estuarine clam, Rangia cuneata

Journal Article Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Comparative · January 1, 1993 1. Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSSG-reductase) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-peroxidase) activities were measured in the gill and digestive gland of Rangia cuneata. 2. Substantial GSH concentrations were found in both gill (820 ± 80 ... Full text Cite

Effects of Black Rock Harbor sediments on indices of biotransformation, oxidative stress, and DNA integrity in channel catfish

Journal Article Aquatic Toxicology · January 1, 1993 Selected biochemical responses were measured in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) exposed in the laboratory to sediments obtained from either of two sites in Long Island Sound, CT. These sites were Black Rock Harbor, which is highly contaminated with v ... Full text Cite

A comparison of glutathione-dependent enzymes in liver, gills and posterior kidney of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology · July 1992 1. Six enzymes which collectively catalyze a number of glutathione-dependent synthetic, catabolic and detoxification reactions were examined along with glutathione status in liver, gills, and posterior kidney of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). 2. He ... Full text Cite

Effects of buthionine sulfoximine and diethyl maleate on glutathione turnover in the channel catfish.

Journal Article Biochemical pharmacology · May 1992 Despite the growing use of fish in toxicological studies, little is known regarding glutathione (GSH) metabolism and turnover in these aquatic species. Therefore, we examined GSH metabolism in the liver and gills of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), a ... Full text Cite

DT diaphorase [NAD(P)H: (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase] facilitates redox cycling of menadione in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) cytosol.

Journal Article Toxicology and applied pharmacology · May 1992 Characteristics of DT diaphorase (NAD(P)H: (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase, DTD) activity in Ictalurus punctatus and the effect of DTD activity on menadione (MND)-mediated reduction of acetylated cytochrome c (AcC) were examined. DTD activity in cytosols ... Full text Cite

Introduction

Chapter · 1992 Cite

The protective role of glutathione in chlorothalonil-induced stoxicity to channel catfish

Journal Article Aquatic Toxicology · January 1, 1992 The purpose of this investigation was to examine the nature of the protective role of glutathione (GSH) in liver and gills of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) exposed to chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6 tetrachloroiso-phthalonitrile). In an initial experiment, ... Full text Cite

Glutathione-mediated chlorothalonil detoxification in channel catfish gills

Journal Article Marine Environmental Research · January 1, 1992 Maintenance of the glutathione (GSH) pathway is critical in guarding against the toxic effects of a variety of pollutants. However, despite their importance as an initial line of defense against waterborne toxicants, little is known regarding the role of f ... Full text Cite

The acute toxicity and sublethal effects of chlorothalonil in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Journal Article Chemosphere · January 1, 1992 The in vivo toxicity and sublethal biochemical effects of chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) were evaluated in the channel catfish (lctalurus punctatus). The static 96hr LC50 value for chlorothalonil was 52 μg/L, indicating th ... Full text Cite

DT diaphorase [NAD(P)H: (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase] in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): kinetics and distribution

Journal Article Aquatic Toxicology · January 1, 1992 The flavin-containing enzyme, DT diaphorase [NAD(P)H: (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase. DTD] has been studied extensively in mammalian species as a quinone detoxifying agent. However. DTD in aquatic species has received relatively little attention. DTD ac ... Full text Cite

Indices of oxidative stress as biomarkers for environmental contamination

Journal Article ASTM Special Technical Publication · December 1, 1991 The areas of free radical biology and oxidative stress have received intensive investigation by the biomedical community in recent years. These studies have elucidated endogenous and xenobiotic-mediated mechanisms of oxyradical production, antioxidant defe ... Cite

Glutathione S-transferase-mediated chlorothalonil metabolism in liver and gill subcellular fractions of channel catfish.

Journal Article Biochemical pharmacology · June 1991 Chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) is a broad spectrum fungicide that is a potent acute toxicant to fish. Therefore, the metabolism of chlorothalonil was investigated in liver and gill cytosolic and microsomal fractions from channel catf ... Full text Cite

Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and picloram on biotransformation, peroxisomal and serum enzyme activities in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

Journal Article Toxicology letters · June 1991 Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) exposed to a mixture of picloram and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for 10 days displayed increased activities of hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), decreased serum chloride concentrations and decreas ... Full text Cite

Oxidant, mixed-function oxidase and peroxisomal responses in channel catfish exposed to a bleached kraft mill effluent.

Journal Article Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · April 1991 Channel catfish (Ictalarus punctatus) were exposed to 0, 10, 20, and 40% bleached kraft pulp and paper mill effluent (BKME) for up to two weeks. Fish were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 of exposure. Blood, liver, and gill tissues were assayed for bioch ... Full text Cite

Prooxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in aquatic organisms

Journal Article Aquatic Toxicology · January 1, 1991 A consequence of all aerobic life is the production of potentially harmful, partially reduced species of molecular oxygen (oxyradicals) that occurs as a result of normal oxygen metabolism. In view of this potential for harm, aerobic organisms have evolved ... Full text Cite

Use of physiological and biochemical markers for assessing air pollution stress in trees

Journal Article ASTM Special Technical Publication · September 1, 1990 Air pollutants such as O3, NOx, SO2, and H2O2 are powerful oxidants that can generate extremely reactive oxygen free radicals that may cause enzyme breakdown, membrane damage, and DNA alterations, all ... Cite

Stimulation of superoxide production by nitrofurantoin, p‐nitrobenzoic acid and m‐dinitrobenzene in hepatic microsomes of three species of freshwater fish

Journal Article Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · January 1, 1989 The importance of nitroaromatic compounds as aquatic contaminants and the association of superoxide (O−2) mediated toxicity with the mammalian metabolism of a number of these compounds has led our laboratory to conduct an in vitro investigation ... Full text Cite

Biochemical responses in aquatic animals: A review of determinants of oxidative stress

Journal Article Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · January 1, 1989 The study of biochemical responses in aquatic animals comprises a vigorous area of inquiry within ecotoxicology for a number of reasons, including the perceived need for basic research in the field, the desire for highly sensitive biomarkers useful for bio ... Full text Cite

A comparative biochemical approach for the evaluation of wildlife toxicity

Journal Article Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · January 1, 1989 Full text Cite

Effects of complex waste mixtures on hepatic monooxygenase activities in brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus).

Journal Article Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · January 1989 Hepatic MFO components (cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b(5), and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, EROD) were measured in brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus) inhabiting a creek receiving a complex mixture of organics and trace metals. The activities of these s ... Full text Cite

Nitrofurantoin-stimulated superoxide production by channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) hepatic microsomal and soluble fractions.

Journal Article Toxicology and applied pharmacology · September 1988 Nitroaromatic compounds, which frequently contaminate the environment, are known to be reduced to corresponding aromatic amines by fish as well as mammals under anaerobic conditions. Although amine products are not generally formed aerobically, "nitroreduc ... Full text Cite

Oxidant-mediated biochemical effects of paraquat in the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa

Journal Article Aquatic Toxicology · January 1, 1988 The role of reduction/oxidation cycling in the toxic effects of the bipyridyl herbicide paraquat was examined in the hepatopancreas of the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa. In vitro studies indicated a dose-dependent increase in the rate of superoxide anio ... Full text Cite

Microsomal enzyme activities, superoxide production, and antioxidant defenses in ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa) and wedge clams (Rangia cuneata)

Journal Article Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part C, Comparative · January 1, 1988 1. 1. Microsomes of hepatopancreae from the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa, and the wedge clam, Rangia cuneata, were examined for their ability to catalyze the reduction/oxidation cycling of xenobiotics, particularly paraquat, and subsequently stimulate ... Full text Cite

The anticholinesterase effect of the cotton defoliant S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) on channel catfish

Journal Article Marine Environmental Research · January 1, 1988 The anticholinesterase activity of the organophosphorus cotton defoliant DEF towards channel catfish was investigated using in vivo and in vitro techniques. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and tissue concentrations of DEF were determined during and fo ... Full text Cite

Nitroaromatic stimulation of superoxide production in three species of freshwater fish

Journal Article Marine Environmental Research · January 1, 1988 Nitroaromatic compounds frequently contaminate aquatic systems and may, therefore, impact fish. However, a known pathway of nitroaromatic toxicity in mammals, that of nitroaromatic stimulated superoxide (O2-) production, has yet to be ... Full text Cite

The effects of paraquat on microsomal oxygen reduction and antioxidant defenses in ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa) and wedge clams (rangia cuneata)

Journal Article Marine Environmental Research · January 1, 1988 The hepatopancreae of the ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa, and the wedge clam, Rangia cuneata, were examined for their ability to catalyze the reduction/oxidation cycling of the bipyridyl herbicide paraquat. In vitro studies indicated a dose-dependent inc ... Full text Cite

Comparative properties of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) acetylcholinesterases.

Journal Article Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol · 1988 1. Acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) from channel catfish and blue crabs were examined for substrate preference, KmS, effects of inhibitors, and pH and osmotic activity profiles. 2. Similarities were noted for substrate preference along with pH and osmotic opt ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mercury in soils, sediments, and clams from a North Carolina peatland

Journal Article Water Air and Soil Pollution · March 1, 1987 Mercury concentrations were measured in samples of peat soils, sediments and clams (Rangia cuneata) from a peatland region of the Albemarle-Panlico Peninsula of North Carolina. Total Hg concentrations in peat cores ranged from 40 to 193 ng g-1 ( ... Full text Cite

Acute toxicities and hematological effects of two substituted naphthoquinones in channel catfish.

Journal Article Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · March 1987 Full text Cite

Extraction and determination by gas chromatography of S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) in fish and water.

Journal Article J Assoc Off Anal Chem · 1987 A simple, low-cost, fast method for the extraction and cleanup of DEF (S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate) from fish tissues and water samples was developed. The method combines extraction and cleanup in one step. The basis of the method is passing wate ... Link to item Cite

Lead concentrations in soil, sediment and clam samples from the Pungo River peatland area of North Carolina, USA.

Journal Article Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · January 1987 Lead (Pb) concentrations were measured in samples of peat soils, sediments and clams (Rangia cuneata) collected from the Pungo River region of coastal North Carolina. In peat soils, mean Pb concentrations (dry weight +/- 1 SD) were significantly higher (p< ... Full text Cite

Antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde, glutathione and methemoglobin concentrations in channel catfish exposed to DEF and n-butyl mercaptan.

Journal Article Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology · January 1986 Indicators of free-radical or oxidant-mediated responses were quantified in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, exposed to the organophosphorus herbicide DEF and its metabolite, n-butyl mercaptan (nBM). The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxid ... Full text Cite

Comparative toxicity, cholinergic effects, and tissue levels of S,S,S,-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) to channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and blue crabs (callinectes sapidus)

Journal Article Aquatic Toxicology · January 1, 1986 The acute neurotoxic effects of S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) on juvenile channel catfish and adult blue crabs was examined using short-term exposures in aerated, static aquaria. The effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in catfish ... Full text Cite

Effects of cadmium ingestion and food restriction on energy metabolism and tissue metal concentrations in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos).

Journal Article Environmental research · August 1985 The single and combined effects of cadmium ingestion and food restriction were examined in a 42-day experiment with male, juvenile mallard ducks. A 2 X 3 factorial design was employed consisting of two levels of food supply (ad libitum and 55% of ad libitu ... Full text Cite

Heavy metals in aquatic plants, clams, and sediments from the Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A. implications for waterfowl

Journal Article Science of the Total Environment the · March 1, 1985 Dry weight concentrations of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc were measured in clams, submerged aquatic macrophytes and sediments from several locations in the Chesapeake Bay region. Clam species included Macoma balthica, Mya arenaria, and Rangia cuneata; pl ... Full text Cite

Sublethal effects of cadmium ingestion on mallard ducks.

Journal Article Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · November 1984 Full text Cite

MERCURY IN PEAT AND ITS DRAINAGE WATERS IN EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA.

Journal Article · September 1, 1984 Mercury concentrations were measured in samples of peat and peatland drainage waters in both the western Pamlico-Albermarle Peninsula and Croatan National Forest of eastern North Carolina. Mercury concentrations were also measured in sediments, waters, and ... Cite

Effects of cadmium and lead ingestion on tissue concentrations of cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc in mallard ducks

Journal Article Science of the Total Environment the · January 1, 1984 Juvenile mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) drakes were offered one of seven diets containing different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and/or lead (Pb) for 42 days. The diets contained the following concentrations (μg/g) of supplemental metal(s): 0 (controls); 1 ... Full text Cite

Heavy metals in tissues of waterfowl from the Chesapeake Bay, USA

Journal Article Environmental Pollution Series A Ecological and Biological · January 1, 1984 Concentrations of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc were measured in 774 livers, 266 kidneys and 271 ulnar bones from 15 species of ducks obtained from the Chesapeake Bay region. A major purpose of this study was to elucidate relationships between food habits ... Full text Cite

Toxicology of ingested lead shot in ringed turtle doves.

Journal Article Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · January 1982 Full text Cite