Robert Martin Judd | Scholars@Duke

Robert Martin Judd
Professor of Medicine

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Cardiology, Medicine 2010
Co-Director of the Cardiac MRI Center in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 2001
Professor in Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 2010

Contact Information

2219 Hosp South, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Box 3934, Durham, NC 27710
robert.judd@duke.edu (919) 668-3539

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Post-doctoralFellowship, Johns Hopkins University 1990 - 1992
- Ph.D., State University of New York - Buffalo 1990
- M.S., State University of New York - Buffalo 1988
Duke Appointment History
- Associate Professor in Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 2002 - 2010
- Associate Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Cardiology, Medicine 2005 - 2010
- Associate Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Cardiology, Medicine 2002 - 2005
- Instructor, Temporary in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Cardiology, Medicine 2001 - 2002
Recognition
In the News
- FEB 8, 2019 Duke Health News
  
  MRI Cardiac Stress Test Shows Promise at Identifying Fatal Heart Disease
Research
Selected Grants
- T1 Mapping vs Contrast Enhanced CMR for the Detection of Chronic MI awarded by Guerbet 2020 - 2022
- Medical Images, HTML5, and Clinical Trial Remote Collaboration awarded by Heart Imaging Technologies, LLC 2017 - 2019
- Delayed-Enhancement Cardiac MRI: Prognostic Implications and Improved Imaging awarded by National Institutes of Health 2010 - 2015
- Defining Myocardial Viability & Infarction:Contrast MRI awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2009
- NIH National Research Service Award Institutional Research Training Grant (T32) Duke Pediatric Cardiology awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2009
- Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Selective Angiography awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2009
- Contrast MRI and Chronic Myocardial Injury in Humans awarded by National Institutes of Health 2001 - 2007
- Detection of Salvageable Myocardium by Contrast MRI awarded by National Institutes of Health 2001 - 2006
External Relationships
- Heart Imaging Technologies, LLC
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Romano, Simone, Davide Dell’atti, Robert M. Judd, Raymond J. Kim, Jonathan W. Weinsaft, Jiwon Kim, John F. Heitner, Rebecca T. Hahn, and Afshin Farzaneh-Far. “Prognostic Value of Feature-Tracking Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Severe Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Multicenter Study.” Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging, April 7, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.02.009.
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  - Klem, Igor, Michael Klein, Mohammad Khan, Eric Y. Yang, Faisal Nabi, Alexander Ivanov, Lubna Bhatti, et al. “Relationship of LVEF and Myocardial Scar to Long-Term Mortality Risk and Mode of Death in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy.” Circulation 143, no. 14 (April 6, 2021): 1343–58. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048477.
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  - Kochav, Jonathan D., Jiwon Kim, Robert Judd, Han W. Kim, Igor Klem, John Heitner, Dipan Shah, et al. “Ischemia-Mediated Dysfunction in Subpapillary Myocardium as a Marker of Functional Mitral Regurgitation.” Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging 14, no. 4 (April 2021): 826–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.01.007.
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  - Smulders, Martijn W., Lowie M. R. Van Assche, Sebastiaan C. A. M. Bekkers, Robin Nijveldt, Casper W. H. Beijnink, Han W. Kim, Brenda Hayes, et al. “Epicardial Surface Area of Infarction: A Stable Surrogate of Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Myocardial Infarction.” Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 14, no. 2 (February 2021): e010918. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.120.010918.
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  - Kelle, Sebastian, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Robert M. Judd, Raymond Y. Kwong, Orlando Simonetti, Sven Plein, Francesca Raimondi, Jonathan W. Weinsaft, Timothy C. Wong, and James Carr. “Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) recommended CMR protocols for scanning patients with active or convalescent phase COVID-19 infection.” J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 22, no. 1 (September 3, 2020): 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-020-00656-6.
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  - Romano, Simone, Robert M. Judd, Raymond J. Kim, John F. Heitner, Dipan J. Shah, Chetan Shenoy, Kaleigh Evans, Benjamin Romer, Pablo Salazar, and Afshin Farzaneh-Far. “Feature-Tracking Global Longitudinal Strain Predicts Mortality in Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Multicenter Study.” Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging 13, no. 4 (April 2020): 940–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.10.004.
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  - Judd, Robert M. “Machine Learning in Medical Imaging: All Journeys Begin With a Single Step.” Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging 13, no. 3 (March 2020): 696–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.08.028.
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  - Elliott, Michael D., John F. Heitner, Han Kim, Edwin Wu, Michelle A. Parker, Daniel C. Lee, Dixon B. Kaufman, Robert O. Bonow, Robert Judd, and Raymond J. Kim. “Response to Comment on Elliott et al. Prevalence and Prognosis of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction in Asymptomatic Patients With Diabetes: A Two-Center Study With Up to 5 Years of Follow-up. Diabetes Care 2019;42:1290-1296.” Diabetes Care 42, no. 9 (September 2019): e156. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci19-0031.
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  - Romano, Simone, Robert M. Judd, Raymond J. Kim, Han W. Kim, John F. Heitner, Dipan J. Shah, Richard B. Devereux, et al. “Prognostic Implications of Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion in Patients with Hypertension and a Clinical Indication for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Multicenter Study.” Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging 12, no. 9 (September 2019): 1769–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.10.003.
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  - Elliott, Michael D., John F. Heitner, Han Kim, Edwin Wu, Michele A. Parker, Daniel C. Lee, Dixon B. Kaufman, Robert O. Bonow, Robert Judd, and Raymond J. Kim. “Prevalence and Prognosis of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction in Asymptomatic Patients With Diabetes: A Two-Center Study With Up to 5 Years of Follow-up.” Diabetes Care 42, no. 7 (July 2019): 1290–96. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-2266.
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  - Heitner, John F., Raymond J. Kim, Han W. Kim, Igor Klem, Dipan J. Shah, Dany Debs, Afshin Farzaneh-Far, et al. “Prognostic Value of Vasodilator Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Multicenter Study With 48 000 Patient-Years of Follow-up.” Jama Cardiol 4, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 256–64. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2019.0035.
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  - Khan, Mohammad A., Eric Y. Yang, Yang Zhan, Robert M. Judd, Wenyaw Chan, Faisal Nabi, John F. Heitner, et al. “Association of left atrial volume index and all-cause mortality in patients referred for routine cardiovascular magnetic resonance: a multicenter study.” J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 21, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-018-0517-0.
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  - Kim, Han W., Wolfgang G. Rehwald, Elizabeth R. Jenista, David C. Wendell, Peter Filev, Lowie van Assche, Christoph J. Jensen, et al. “Dark-Blood Delayed Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance of Myocardial Infarction.” Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging 11, no. 12 (December 2018): 1758–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.09.021.
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  - Romano, Simone, Robert M. Judd, Raymond J. Kim, Han W. Kim, Igor Klem, John F. Heitner, Dipan J. Shah, et al. “Feature-Tracking Global Longitudinal Strain Predicts Death in a Multicenter Population of Patients With Ischemic and Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Incremental to Ejection Fraction and Late Gadolinium Enhancement.” Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging 11, no. 10 (October 2018): 1419–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.10.024.
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  - Romano, Simone, Robert M. Judd, Raymond J. Kim, Han W. Kim, Igor Klem, John F. Heitner, Dipan J. Shah, Jennifer Jue, and Afshin Farzaneh-Far. “Left Ventricular Long-Axis Function Assessed with Cardiac Cine MR Imaging Is an Independent Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Multicenter Study.” Radiology 286, no. 2 (February 2018): 452–60. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2017170529.
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  - Pueschner, Andreas, Pairoj Chattranukulchai, John F. Heitner, Dipan J. Shah, Brenda Hayes, Wolfgang Rehwald, Michele A. Parker, et al. “The Prevalence, Correlates, and Impact on Cardiac Mortality of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy.” Jacc. Cardiovascular Imaging 10, no. 10 Pt B (October 2017): 1225–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.06.013.
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  - Romano, Simone, Robert M. Judd, Raymond J. Kim, Han W. Kim, Igor Klem, John Heitner, Dipan J. Shah, et al. “Association of Feature-Tracking Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain With All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.” Circulation 135, no. 23 (June 6, 2017): 2313–15. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027740.
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  - Ahmad, Ijaz G., Raushan K. Abdulla, Igor Klem, Roman Margulis, Alexander Ivanov, Ambreen Mohamed, Robert M. Judd, Salvatore Borges-Neto, Raymond J. Kim, and John F. Heitner. “Comparison of stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with stress nuclear perfusion for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.” J Nucl Cardiol 23, no. 2 (April 2016): 287–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-015-0242-0.
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  - Kim, H. W., D. Labib, D. J. Shah, A. Farzaneh-Far, J. Heitner, J. D. Grizzard, A. L. Crowley, et al. “Prevalence of unrecognized myocardial scarring in patients with normal contractile function across four U.S. hospitals.” Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 18 (January 1, 2016): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-18-S1-O131.
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  - Labib, D., H. W. Kim, D. J. Shah, A. Farzaneh-Far, J. Heitner, I. Klem, A. L. Crowley, et al. “Prevalence of regional and whole-heart viability in patients with myocardial akinesis consecutively enrolled from 4 US hospitals.” Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 18 (January 1, 2016): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-18-S1-Q33.
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  - Mandawat, A., A. L. Crowley, J. Heitner, A. Ivanov, D. J. Shah, F. Nabi, A. Farzaneh-Far, et al. “Prevalence of dysfunctional but viable myocardium in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy-results from clinical scans performed in 2010-2014 at four U.S. hospitals.” Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 18 (January 1, 2016): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-18-S1-O1.
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  - Wendell, D., E. Jenista, W. G. Rehwald, H. W. Kim, M. Parker, E. L. Chen, R. Judd, and R. Kim. “Validation of a novel dark-blood delayed enhancement technique for the detection of papillary muscle SCAR.” Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 18 (January 1, 2016): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-18-S1-Q6.
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  - Wendell, D., H. W. Kim, E. Jenista, W. G. Rehwald, M. Parker, E. L. Chen, P. Chattranukulchai, R. Judd, and R. Kim. “Relationship between the transmural extent of high resolution parametric (T1-and t2) mapping and the ischemic area at risk defined by pathology.” Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 18 (January 1, 2016): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-18-S1-O44.
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  - Kim, Han W., Lowie Van Assche, Robert B. Jennings, W Benjamin Wince, Christoph J. Jensen, Wolfgang G. Rehwald, David C. Wendell, et al. “Relationship of T2-Weighted MRI Myocardial Hyperintensity and the Ischemic Area-At-Risk.” Circ Res 117, no. 3 (July 17, 2015): 254–65. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.305771.
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  - Heitner, John F., Igor Klem, Derek Rasheed, Abhinav Chandra, Han W. Kim, Lowie M. R. Van Assche, Michele Parker, Robert M. Judd, James G. Jollis, and Raymond J. Kim. “Stress cardiac MR imaging compared with stress echocardiography in the early evaluation of patients who present to the emergency department with intermediate-risk chest pain.” Radiology 271, no. 1 (April 2014): 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.13130557.
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  - White, James A., Han W. Kim, Dipan Shah, Nowell Fine, Ki-Young Kim, David C. Wendell, Wael Al-Jaroudi, et al. “CMR imaging with rapid visual T1 assessment predicts mortality in patients suspected of cardiac amyloidosis.” Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging 7, no. 2 (February 2014): 143–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.09.019.
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  - Shah, Dipan J., Han W. Kim, Olga James, Michele Parker, Edwin Wu, Robert O. Bonow, Robert M. Judd, and Raymond J. Kim. “Prevalence of regional myocardial thinning and relationship with myocardial scarring in patients with coronary artery disease.” Jama 309, no. 9 (March 6, 2013): 909–18. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.1381.
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  - Judd, Robert M., and Raymond J. Kim. “Extracellular space measurements with CMR imaging.” Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging 5, no. 9 (September 2012): 908–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.04.007.
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  - Klem, Igor, Jonathan W. Weinsaft, Tristram D. Bahnson, Don Hegland, Han W. Kim, Brenda Hayes, Michele A. Parker, Robert M. Judd, and Raymond J. Kim. “Assessment of myocardial scarring improves risk stratification in patients evaluated for cardiac defibrillator implantation.” J Am Coll Cardiol 60, no. 5 (July 31, 2012): 408–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.070.
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  - Codella, Noel C. F., Hae Yeoun Lee, David S. Fieno, Debbie W. Chen, Sandra Hurtado-Rua, Minisha Kochar, John Paul Finn, et al. “Improved left ventricular mass quantification with partial voxel interpolation: in vivo and necropsy validation of a novel cardiac MRI segmentation algorithm.” Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 5, no. 1 (January 2012): 137–46. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.966754.
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  - Klem, Igor, Dipan J. Shah, Richard D. White, Dudley J. Pennell, Albert C. van Rossum, Matthias Regenfus, Udo Sechtem, et al. “Prognostic value of routine cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial damage: an international, multicenter study.” Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 4, no. 6 (November 2011): 610–19. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.964965.
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  - Weinsaft, Jonathan W., Han W. Kim, Anna Lisa Crowley, Igor Klem, Chetan Shenoy, Lowie Van Assche, Rhoda Brosnan, et al. “LV thrombus detection by routine echocardiography: insights into performance characteristics using delayed enhancement CMR.” Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging 4, no. 7 (July 2011): 702–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2011.03.017.
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  - Heitner, John F., Geetha P. Bhumireddy, Peter J. Cawley, Igor Klem, Manesh R. Patel, Anna Lisa Crowley, Jonathan W. Weinsaft, et al. “The aorta wall of patients presenting to the emergency department with acute myocardial infarction by cardiac magnetic resonance.” Atherosclerosis 212, no. 1 (September 2010): 166–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.05.002.
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  - Patel, Manesh R., Peter J. Cawley, John F. Heitner, Igor Klem, Michele A. Parker, Wael A. Jaroudi, Trip J. Meine, et al. “Detection of myocardial damage in patients with sarcoidosis.” Circulation 120, no. 20 (November 17, 2009): 1969–77. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.851352.
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  - Kim, Han W., Igor Klem, Dipan J. Shah, Edwin Wu, Sheridan N. Meyers, Michele A. Parker, Anna Lisa Crowley, Robert O. Bonow, Robert M. Judd, and Raymond J. Kim. “Unrecognized non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: prevalence and prognostic significance in patients with suspected coronary disease.” Plos Med 6, no. 4 (April 21, 2009): e1000057. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000057.
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  - Grizzard, J. D., R. M. Judd, and R. J. Kim. “Cardiovascular MRI in practice a teaching file approach.” Cardiovascular Mri in Practice: A Teaching File Approach, December 1, 2008, 1–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-090-2.
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  - Weinsaft, Jonathan W., Han W. Kim, Dipan J. Shah, Igor Klem, Anna Lisa Crowley, Rhoda Brosnan, Olga G. James, et al. “Detection of left ventricular thrombus by delayed-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance prevalence and markers in patients with systolic dysfunction.” J Am Coll Cardiol 52, no. 2 (July 8, 2008): 148–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.03.041.
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  - Klem, Igor, Simon Greulich, John F. Heitner, Han Kim, Holger Vogelsberg, Eva-Maria Kispert, Srivani R. Ambati, et al. “Value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance stress perfusion testing for the detection of coronary artery disease in women.” Jacc Cardiovasc Imaging 1, no. 4 (July 2008): 436–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.03.010.
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  - Thomson, Louise E. J., Anna Lisa Crowley, John F. Heitner, Peter J. Cawley, Jonathan W. Weinsaft, Han W. Kim, Michele Parker, Robert M. Judd, J Kevin Harrison, and Raymond J. Kim. “Direct en face imaging of secundum atrial septal defects by velocity-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients evaluated for possible transcatheter closure.” Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 1, no. 1 (July 2008): 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.108.769786.
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  - Sievers, Burkhard, Wolfgang G. Rehwald, Timothy S. E. Albert, Manesh R. Patel, Michele A. Parker, Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Respiratory motion and cardiac arrhythmia effects on diagnostic accuracy of myocardial delayed-enhanced MR imaging in canines.” Radiology 247, no. 1 (April 2008): 106–14. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2471070132.
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  - Kim, Raymond J., Timothy S. E. Albert, James H. Wible, Michael D. Elliott, John C. Allen, Jennifer C. Lee, Michele Parker, Alicia Napoli, Robert M. Judd, and Robert M. Gadoversetamide Myocardial Infarction Imaging Investigators. “Performance of delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging with gadoversetamide contrast for the detection and assessment of myocardial infarction: an international, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized trial.” Circulation 117, no. 5 (February 5, 2008): 629–37. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.723262.
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  - Crowley, Anna Lisa, Manesh R. Patel, Thomas Bashore, Salvador Borges-Neto, James G. Jollis, Robert M. Judd, Raymond J. Kim, Thomas Ryan, Svati H. Shah, and Pamela S. Douglas. “Training cardiovascular specialists in imaging: a curriculum based on fundamental concepts required for multimodal imaging.” Am Heart J 154, no. 5 (November 2007): 838–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2007.07.007.
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  - Weinsaft, J. W., I. Klem, and R. M. Judd. “MRI for the Assessment of Myocardial Viability.” Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 15, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 505–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2007.08.007.
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  - Rehwald, Wolfgang G., Michael Salerno, Enn-Ling Chen, Burkhard Sievers, Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Combining spin echoes with gradient echoes in the context of the global coherent free precession pulse sequence.” Magn Reson Med 58, no. 1 (July 2007): 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.21269.
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  - Rehwald, Wolfgang G., Anja Wagner, Burkhard Sievers, Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Cardiovascular MRI: its current and future use in clinical practice.” Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 5, no. 2 (March 2007): 307–21. https://doi.org/10.1586/14779072.5.2.307.
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  - Weinsaft, Jonathan W., Igor Klem, and Robert M. Judd. “MRI for the assessment of myocardial viability.” Cardiol Clin 25, no. 1 (February 2007): 35–v. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccl.2007.02.001.
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  - Sievers, Burkhard, Michael D. Elliott, Lynne M. Hurwitz, Timothy S. E. Albert, Igor Klem, Wolfgang G. Rehwald, Michele A. Parker, Robert M. Judd, and Raymond J. Kim. “Rapid detection of myocardial infarction by subsecond, free-breathing delayed contrast-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance.” Circulation 115, no. 2 (January 16, 2007): 236–44. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.635409.
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  - Judd, Robert M., and Raymond J. Kim. “Can cardiac MRI predict outcome in patients at risk for unrecognized myocardial infarction?” Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 3, no. 12 (December 2006): 652–53. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpcardio0718.
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  - Albert, Timothy S. E., Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Assessment of no-reflow regions using cardiac MRI.” Basic Res Cardiol 101, no. 5 (September 2006): 383–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00395-006-0617-0.
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  - Patel, Manesh R., Timothy S. E. Albert, David E. Kandzari, Emily F. Honeycutt, Linda K. Shaw, Michael H. Sketch, Michael D. Elliott, Robert M. Judd, and Raymond J. Kim. “Acute myocardial infarction: safety of cardiac MR imaging after percutaneous revascularization with stents.” Radiology 240, no. 3 (September 2006): 674–80. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2403050740.
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  - Wagner, Anja, Heiko Mahrholdt, Louise Thomson, Stefan Hager, Gabriel Meinhardt, Wolfgang Rehwald, Michele Parker, et al. “Effects of time, dose, and inversion time for acute myocardial infarct size measurements based on magnetic resonance imaging-delayed contrast enhancement.” J Am Coll Cardiol 47, no. 10 (May 16, 2006): 2027–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2006.01.059.
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  - Klem, Igor, John F. Heitner, Dipan J. Shah, Michael H. Sketch, Victor Behar, Jonathan Weinsaft, Peter Cawley, et al. “Improved detection of coronary artery disease by stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance with the use of delayed enhancement infarction imaging.” J Am Coll Cardiol 47, no. 8 (April 18, 2006): 1630–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.10.074.
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  - Shah, Dipan J., Robert M. Judd, and Raymond J. Kim. “Technology insight: MRI of the myocardium.” Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2, no. 11 (November 2005): 597–605. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpcardio0352.
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  - Mahrholdt, Heiko, Anja Wagner, Robert M. Judd, Udo Sechtem, and Raymond J. Kim. “Delayed enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies.” Eur Heart J 26, no. 15 (August 2005): 1461–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi258.
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  - Bos, Ewout J. van den, Richard B. Thompson, Anja Wagner, Heiko Mahrholdt, Yoshihisa Morimoto, Louise E. J. Thomson, Lynn H. Wang, Dirk J. Duncker, Robert M. Judd, and Doris A. Taylor. “Functional assessment of myoblast transplantation for cardiac repair with magnetic resonance imaging.” Eur J Heart Fail 7, no. 4 (June 2005): 435–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejheart.2003.12.022.
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  - Judd, Robert M., Anja Wagner, Wolfgang G. Rehwald, Timothy Albert, and Raymond J. Kim. “Technology insight: assessment of myocardial viability by delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging.” Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2, no. 3 (March 2005): 150–58. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpcardio0134.
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  - Klem, Igor, Wolfgang G. Rehwald, John F. Heitner, Anja Wagner, Timothy Albert, Michele A. Parker, Enn-Ling Chen, Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Noninvasive assessment of blood flow based on magnetic resonance global coherent free precession.” Circulation 111, no. 8 (March 1, 2005): 1033–39. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000156332.56894.22.
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  - Wagner, Anja, Heiko Mahrholdt, Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Use of cardiac magnetic resonance to assess viability.” Curr Cardiol Rep 7, no. 1 (January 2005): 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-005-0012-8.
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  - Lee, Daniel C., Orlando P. Simonetti, Kathleen R. Harris, Thomas A. Holly, Robert M. Judd, Edwin Wu, and Francis J. Klocke. “Magnetic resonance versus radionuclide pharmacological stress perfusion imaging for flow-limiting stenoses of varying severity.” Circulation 110, no. 1 (July 6, 2004): 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000133389.48487.B6.
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  - Fieno, David S., Hanns B. Hillenbrand, Wolfgang G. Rehwald, Kathleen R. Harris, Robert S. Decker, Michele A. Parker, Francis J. Klocke, Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Infarct resorption, compensatory hypertrophy, and differing patterns of ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarctions of varying size.” J Am Coll Cardiol 43, no. 11 (June 2, 2004): 2124–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2004.01.043.
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  - Thomson, Louise E. J., Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of myocardial viability.” J Magn Reson Imaging 19, no. 6 (June 2004): 771–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20075.
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  - Rehwald, Wolfgang G., Enn-Ling Chen, Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Noninvasive cineangiography by magnetic resonance global coherent free precession.” Nat Med 10, no. 5 (May 2004): 545–49. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1027.
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  - Kim, R. J., D. J. Shah, and R. M. Judd. “Erratum: How We Perform Delayed Enhancement Imaging (Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (2003) 5:3 (505-514)).” Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 5, no. 4 (November 25, 2003): 613–15.
  - Bello, David, Dipan J. Shah, George M. Farah, Silvia Di Luzio, Michele Parker, Maryl R. Johnson, William G. Cotts, et al. “Gadolinium cardiovascular magnetic resonance predicts reversible myocardial dysfunction and remodeling in patients with heart failure undergoing beta-blocker therapy.” Circulation 108, no. 16 (October 21, 2003): 1945–53. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000095029.57483.60.
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  - Mahrholdt, Heiko, Anja Wagner, Michele Parker, Matthias Regenfus, David S. Fieno, Robert O. Bonow, Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Relationship of contractile function to transmural extent of infarction in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.” J Am Coll Cardiol 42, no. 3 (August 6, 2003): 505–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00714-9.
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  - Kim, Raymond J., Dipan J. Shah, and Robert M. Judd. “How we perform delayed enhancement imaging.” J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 5, no. 3 (July 2003): 505–14. https://doi.org/10.1081/jcmr-120022267.
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  - Kim, Raymond J., and Robert M. Judd. “Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: in vivo imaging of the pathologic substrate for premature cardiac death?” J Am Coll Cardiol 41, no. 9 (May 7, 2003): 1568–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00190-6.
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  - Wagner, Anja, Heiko Mahrholdt, Thomas A. Holly, Michael D. Elliott, Matthias Regenfus, Michele Parker, Francis J. Klocke, Robert O. Bonow, Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Contrast-enhanced MRI and routine single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion imaging for detection of subendocardial myocardial infarcts: an imaging study.” Lancet 361, no. 9355 (February 1, 2003): 374–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12389-6.
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  - Wagner, Anja, Heiko Mahrholdt, Udo Sechtem, Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “MR imaging of myocardial perfusion and viability.” Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 11, no. 1 (February 2003): 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1064-9689(02)00048-x.
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  - Bos, Ewout J. van den, Anja Wagner, Heiko Mahrholdt, Richard B. Thompson, Yoshihisa Morimoto, Brad S. Sutton, Robert M. Judd, and Doris A. Taylor. “Improved efficacy of stem cell labeling for magnetic resonance imaging studies by the use of cationic liposomes.” Cell Transplant 12, no. 7 (2003): 743–56. https://doi.org/10.3727/000000003108747352.
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  - Choudhury, Lubna, Heiko Mahrholdt, Anja Wagner, Kelly M. Choi, Michael D. Elliott, Francis J. Klocke, Robert O. Bonow, Robert M. Judd, and Raymond J. Kim. “Myocardial scarring in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.” J Am Coll Cardiol 40, no. 12 (December 18, 2002): 2156–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02602-5.
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  - Mahrholdt, Heiko, Anja Wagner, Thomas A. Holly, Michael D. Elliott, Robert O. Bonow, Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Reproducibility of chronic infarct size measurement by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.” Circulation 106, no. 18 (October 29, 2002): 2322–27. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000036368.63317.1c.
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  - Judd, Robert M., and Raymond J. Kim. “Imaging time after Gd-DTPA injection is critical in using delayed enhancement to determine infarct size accurately with magnetic resonance imaging.” Circulation 106, no. 2 (July 9, 2002): e6. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000019903.37922.9c.
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  - Fieno, David S., Wyatt C. Jaffe, Orlando P. Simonetti, Robert M. Judd, and J Paul Finn. “TrueFISP: assessment of accuracy for measurement of left ventricular mass in an animal model.” J Magn Reson Imaging 15, no. 5 (May 2002): 526–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.10107.
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  - Rehwald, Wolfgang G., Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Rapid cine MRI of the human heart using reconstruction by estimation of lines and inhibition of fold-in.” Magn Reson Med 47, no. 5 (May 2002): 844–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.10150.
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  - Mahrholdt, H., A. Wagner, R. M. Judd, and U. Sechtem. “Assessment of myocardial viability by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.” Eur Heart J 23, no. 8 (April 2002): 602–19. https://doi.org/10.1053/euhj.2001.3038.
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  - Rehwald, Wolfgang G., David S. Fieno, Enn-Ling Chen, Raymond J. Kim, and Robert M. Judd. “Myocardial magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent concentrations after reversible and irreversible ischemic injury.” Circulation 105, no. 2 (January 15, 2002): 224–29. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc0202.102016.
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  - Rehwald, W. G., R. J. Kim, and R. M. Judd. “Blood pool contrast-enhanced MRI detects suppression of microvascular permeability in early postinfarction reperfusion after nicorandil therapy.” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 47, no. 5 (2002): 896–902. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.10149.
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  - Klocke, F. J., O. P. Simonetti, R. M. Judd, R. J. Kim, K. R. Harris, S. Hedjbeli, D. S. Fieno, S. Miller, V. Chen, and M. A. Parker. “Limits of detection of regional differences in vasodilated flow in viable myocardium by first-pass magnetic resonance perfusion imaging.” Circulation 104, no. 20 (November 13, 2001): 2412–16. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc4501.099306.
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  - Choi, K. M., R. J. Kim, G. Gubernikoff, J. D. Vargas, M. Parker, and R. M. Judd. “Transmural extent of acute myocardial infarction predicts long-term improvement in contractile function.” Circulation 104, no. 10 (September 4, 2001): 1101–7. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc3501.096798.
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  - Rehwald, W. G., R. J. Kim, O. P. Simonetti, G. Laub, and R. M. Judd. “Theory of high-speed MR imaging of the human heart with the selective line acquisition mode.” Radiology 220, no. 2 (August 2001): 540–47. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.220.2.r01au37540.
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  - Ricciardi, M. J., E. Wu, C. J. Davidson, K. M. Choi, F. J. Klocke, R. O. Bonow, R. M. Judd, and R. J. Kim. “Visualization of discrete microinfarction after percutaneous coronary intervention associated with mild creatine kinase-MB elevation.” Circulation 103, no. 23 (June 12, 2001): 2780–83. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc2301.092121.
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  - Wu, E., R. M. Judd, J. D. Vargas, F. J. Klocke, R. O. Bonow, and R. J. Kim. “Visualisation of presence, location, and transmural extent of healed Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.” Lancet 357, no. 9249 (January 6, 2001): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03567-4.
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  - Simonetti, O. P., R. J. Kim, D. S. Fieno, H. B. Hillenbrand, E. Wu, J. M. Bundy, J. P. Finn, and R. M. Judd. “An improved MR imaging technique for the visualization of myocardial infarction.” Radiology 218, no. 1 (January 2001): 215–23. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.218.1.r01ja50215.
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  - Kim, R. J., E. Wu, A. Rafael, E. L. Chen, M. A. Parker, O. Simonetti, F. J. Klocke, R. O. Bonow, and R. M. Judd. “The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction.” N Engl J Med 343, no. 20 (November 16, 2000): 1445–53. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200011163432003.
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  - Fieno, D. S., R. J. Kim, E. L. Chen, J. W. Lomasney, F. J. Klocke, and R. M. Judd. “Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of myocardium at risk: distinction between reversible and irreversible injury throughout infarct healing.” J Am Coll Cardiol 36, no. 6 (November 15, 2000): 1985–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00958-x.
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  - Hillenbrand, H. B., R. J. Kim, M. A. Parker, D. S. Fieno, and R. M. Judd. “Early assessment of myocardial salvage by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.” Circulation 102, no. 14 (October 3, 2000): 1678–83. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.102.14.1678.
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  - Kim, R. J., H. B. Hillenbrand, and R. M. Judd. “Evaluation of myocardial viability by MRI.” Herz 25, no. 4 (June 2000): 417–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s000590050034.
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  - Kim, R. J., D. S. Fieno, T. B. Parrish, K. Harris, E. L. Chen, O. Simonetti, J. Bundy, J. P. Finn, F. J. Klocke, and R. M. Judd. “Relationship of MRI delayed contrast enhancement to irreversible injury, infarct age, and contractile function.” Circulation 100, no. 19 (November 9, 1999): 1992–2002. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.100.19.1992.
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  - Kim, R. J., R. M. Judd, E. L. Chen, D. S. Fieno, T. B. Parrish, and J. A. Lima. “Relationship of elevated 23Na magnetic resonance image intensity to infarct size after acute reperfused myocardial infarction.” Circulation 100, no. 2 (July 13, 1999): 185–92. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.100.2.185.
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  - Fieno, D. S., R. J. Kim, W. G. Rehwald, and R. M. Judd. “Physiological basis for potassium (39K) magnetic resonance imaging of the heart.” Circ Res 84, no. 8 (April 30, 1999): 913–20. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.84.8.913.
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  - Judd, R. M., S. B. Reeder, and K. May-Newman. “Effects of water exchange on the measurement of myocardial perfusion using paramagnetic contrast agents.” Magn Reson Med 41, no. 2 (February 1999): 334–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199902)41:2<334::aid-mrm18>3.0.co;2-y.
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  - Croisille, P., C. C. Moore, R. M. Judd, J. A. Lima, M. Arai, E. R. McVeigh, L. C. Becker, and E. A. Zerhouni. “Differentiation of viable and nonviable myocardium by the use of three-dimensional tagged MRI in 2-day-old reperfused canine infarcts.” Circulation 99, no. 2 (January 19, 1999): 284–91. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.99.2.284.
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  - Ramani, K., R. M. Judd, T. A. Holly, T. B. Parrish, V. H. Rigolin, M. A. Parker, C. Callahan, S. W. Fitzgerald, R. O. Bonow, and F. J. Klocke. “Contrast magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of myocardial viability in patients with stable coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.” Circulation 98, no. 24 (December 15, 1998): 2687–94. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.98.24.2687.
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  - Wu, K. C., E. A. Zerhouni, R. M. Judd, C. H. Lugo-Olivieri, L. A. Barouch, S. P. Schulman, R. S. Blumenthal, and J. A. Lima. “Prognostic significance of microvascular obstruction by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute myocardial infarction.” Circulation 97, no. 8 (March 3, 1998): 765–72. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.97.8.765.
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  - Parrish, T. B., D. S. Fieno, S. W. Fitzgerald, and R. M. Judd. “Theoretical basis for sodium and potassium MRI of the human heart at 1.5 T.” Magn Reson Med 38, no. 4 (October 1997): 653–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910380420.
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  - Kim, R. J., J. A. Lima, E. L. Chen, S. B. Reeder, F. J. Klocke, E. A. Zerhouni, and R. M. Judd. “Fast 23Na magnetic resonance imaging of acute reperfused myocardial infarction. Potential to assess myocardial viability.” Circulation 95, no. 7 (April 1, 1997): 1877–85. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.95.7.1877.
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  - Kim, R. J., J. A. C. Lima, E. L. Chen, S. B. Reeder, F. J. Klocke, E. A. Zerhouni, and R. M. Judd. “Fast ²³Na magnetic resonance imaging of acute reperfused myocardial infarction: Potential to assess myocardial viability.” Circulation 95, no. 7 (1997): 1877–85.
  - Rehwald, W. G., S. B. Reeder, E. R. McVeigh, and R. M. Judd. “Techniques for high-speed cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in rats and rabbits.” Magn Reson Med 37, no. 1 (January 1997): 124–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910370118.
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  - Kim, R. J., E. L. Chen, J. A. Lima, and R. M. Judd. “Myocardial Gd-DTPA kinetics determine MRI contrast enhancement and reflect the extent and severity of myocardial injury after acute reperfused infarction.” Circulation 94, no. 12 (December 15, 1996): 3318–26. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.94.12.3318.
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  - Yin, F. C., C. C. Chan, and R. M. Judd. “Compressibility of perfused passive myocardium.” Am J Physiol 271, no. 5 Pt 2 (November 1996): H1864–70. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.5.H1864.
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  - Melillo, G., J. A. Lima, R. M. Judd, P. J. Goldschmidt-Clermont, and H. S. Silverman. “Intrinsic myocyte dysfunction and tyrosine kinase pathway activation underlie the impaired wall thickening of adjacent regions during postinfarct left ventricular remodeling.” Circulation 93, no. 7 (April 1, 1996): 1447–58. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.93.7.1447.
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  - Judd, R. M., C. H. Lugo-Olivieri, M. Arai, T. Kondo, P. Croisille, J. A. Lima, V. Mohan, L. C. Becker, and E. A. Zerhouni. “Physiological basis of myocardial contrast enhancement in fast magnetic resonance images of 2-day-old reperfused canine infarcts.” Circulation 92, no. 7 (October 1, 1995): 1902–10. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.92.7.1902.
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  - Rottman, G. A., R. M. Judd, and F. C. Yin. “Validation of 19F-magnetic resonance determination of myocardial blood volume.” Magn Reson Med 34, no. 4 (October 1995): 628–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910340421.
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  - Lima, J. A., R. M. Judd, A. Bazille, S. P. Schulman, E. Atalar, and E. A. Zerhouni. “Regional heterogeneity of human myocardial infarcts demonstrated by contrast-enhanced MRI. Potential mechanisms.” Circulation 92, no. 5 (September 1, 1995): 1117–25. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.92.5.1117.
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  - Judd, R. M., S. B. Reeder, E. Atalar, E. R. McVeigh, and E. A. Zerhouni. “A magnetization-driven gradient echo pulse sequence for the study of myocardial perfusion.” Magn Reson Med 34, no. 2 (August 1995): 276–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910340220.
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  - Judd, R. M., M. K. Atalay, G. A. Rottman, and E. A. Zerhouni. “Effects of myocardial water exchange on T1 enhancement during bolus administration of MR contrast agents.” Magn Reson Med 33, no. 2 (February 1995): 215–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910330211.
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  - Judd, R. M., J. R. Resar, and F. C. Yin. “Rapid measurements of diastolic intramyocardial vascular volume.” Am J Physiol 265, no. 4 Pt 2 (October 1993): H1038–47. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.4.H1038.
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  - Resar, J. R., R. M. Judd, H. R. Halperin, V. P. Chacko, R. G. Weiss, and F. C. Yin. “Direct evidence that coronary perfusion affects diastolic myocardial mechanical properties in canine heart.” Cardiovasc Res 27, no. 3 (March 1993): 403–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.3.403.
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  - Mates, R. E., and R. M. Judd. “Models for coronary pressure-flow relationships.” Adv Exp Med Biol 346 (1993): 153–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2946-0_14.
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  - Judd, R. M., G. A. Rottman, J. R. Forder, F. C. Yin, and S. J. Blackband. “Feasibility of 19F imaging of perfluorochemical emulsions to measure myocardial vascular volume.” Magn Reson Med 28, no. 1 (November 1992): 129–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910280113.
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  - Judd, R. M., and F. C. P. Yin. “Use of digital substration angiography to characterize myocardial intravascular and extracellular volumes.” Annals of Biomedical Engineering 19, no. 5 (December 1, 1991): 584–85.
  - Canty, J. M., R. M. Judd, A. S. Brody, and F. J. Klocke. “First-pass entry of nonionic contrast agent into the myocardial extravascular space. Effects on radiographic estimates of transit time and blood volume.” Circulation 84, no. 5 (November 1991): 2071–78. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.84.5.2071.
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  - Judd, R. M., and R. E. Mates. “Coronary input impedance is constant during systole and diastole.” Am J Physiol 260, no. 6 Pt 2 (June 1991): H1841–51. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.6.H1841.
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  - Judd, R. M., D. A. Redberg, and R. E. Mates. “Diastolic coronary resistance and capacitance are independent of the duration of diastole.” Am J Physiol 260, no. 3 Pt 2 (March 1991): H943–52. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.3.H943.
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  - Farhi, E. R., F. J. Klocke, R. E. Mates, K. Kumar, R. M. Judd, J. M. Canty, S. Satoh, and B. Sekovski. “Tone-dependent waterfall behavior during venous pressure elevation in isolated canine hearts.” Circ Res 68, no. 2 (February 1991): 392–401. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.68.2.392.
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  - Judd, R. M., and B. I. Levy. “Effects of barium-induced cardiac contraction on large- and small-vessel intramyocardial blood volume.” Circ Res 68, no. 1 (January 1991): 217–25. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.68.1.217.
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- Book Sections
  - Klem, I., J. D. Grizzard, D. J. Shah, R. M. Judd, and R. J. Kim. “MR angiography of the thoracic aorta with protocols.” In CT and MR Angiography of the Peripheral Circulation: Practical Approach with Clinical Protocols, 227–45, 2007.
- Conference Papers
  - Byram, B., D. Bradway, M. Jakovljevic, D. Giannantonio, D. Hyun, D. Dumont, P. Wolf, et al. “Direct in vivo myocardial infarct visualization using 3D ultrasound and passive strain contrast.” In Ieee International Ultrasonics Symposium, Ius, 25–28, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2011.0007.
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