Scholars@Duke
Robert Martin Judd

Robert Martin Judd

Professor Emeritus of Medicine
Medicine, Cardiology
robert.judd@duke.edu
Duke Box 3934, Durham, NC 27710
2219 Hosp South, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

Tissue-Based Predictors of Impaired Right Ventricular Strain in Coronary Artery Disease: A Multicenter Stress Perfusion Study.

Journal Article Circ Cardiovasc Imaging · August 2024 BACKGROUND: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is known to impact prognosis, but its determinants in coronary artery disease are poorly understood. Stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has been used to assess ischemia and infarction in relation to the l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Deformation-encoding Deep Learning Transformer for High-Frame-Rate Cardiac Cine MRI.

Journal Article Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging · June 2024 Purpose To develop a deep learning model for increasing cardiac cine frame rate while maintaining spatial resolution and scan time. Materials and Methods A transformer-based model was trained and tested on a retrospective sample of cine images from 5840 pa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Scanner-Independent MyoMapNet for Accelerated Cardiac MRI T1 Mapping Across Vendors and Field Strengths.

Journal Article J Magn Reson Imaging · January 2024 BACKGROUND: In cardiac T1 mapping, a series of T1 -weighted (T1 w) images are collected and numerically fitted to a two or three-parameter model of the signal recovery to estimate voxel-wise T1 values. To reduce the scan time, one can collect fewer T1 w im ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Registry at 150,000.

Journal Article J Cardiovasc Magn Reson · 2024 BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is increasingly utilized to evaluate expanding cardiovascular conditions. The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) Registry is a central repository for real-world clinical data to support ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improved robustness for deep learning-based segmentation of multi-center myocardial perfusion cardiovascular MRI datasets using data-adaptive uncertainty-guided space-time analysis.

Journal Article J Cardiovasc Magn Reson · 2024 BACKGROUND: Fully automatic analysis of myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging datasets enables rapid and objective reporting of stress/rest studies in patients with suspected ischemic heart disease. Developing deep learning techniq ... Full text Link to item Cite

An artificial intelligence tool for automated analysis of large-scale unstructured clinical cine cardiac magnetic resonance databases.

Journal Article Eur Heart J Digit Health · October 2023 AIMS: Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been proposed for automating analysis of short-axis (SAX) cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), but no CMR analysis tool exists to automatically analyse large (unstructured) clinical CMR datasets. We deve ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gadolinium-Free Cardiac MRI Myocardial Scar Detection by 4D Convolution Factorization.

Conference Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv · October 2023 Gadolinium-based contrast agents are commonly used in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to characterize myocardial scar tissue. Recent works using deep learning have shown the promise of contrast-free short-axis cine images to detect scars based on ... Full text Link to item Cite

Native T1 Mapping for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Myocardial Infarction.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · December 2022 BACKGROUND: Myocardial fibrosis is a fundamental process in cardiac injury. Cardiac magnetic resonance native T1 mapping has been proposed for diagnosing myocardial fibrosis without the need for gadolinium contrast. However, recent studies suggest that T1 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of myocardial lipomatous metaplasia using an optimized out-of-phase cine steady-state free-precession sequence: Validation and clinical implementation.

Journal Article NMR Biomed · October 2022 Myocardial lipomatous metaplasia, which can serve as substrate for ventricular arrhythmias, is usually composed of regions in which there is an admixture of fat and nonfat tissue. Although dedicated sequences for the detection of fat are available, it woul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Myocardial Contractile Mechanics in Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: Multicenter Data Using Stress Perfusion Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · July 2022 BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) ischemia has been variably associated with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). Determinants of FMR in patients with ischemia are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to test whether contractile mechanics in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Automated Quality Controlled Analysis of 2D Phase Contrast Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Conference Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics · January 1, 2022 Flow analysis carried out using phase contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (PC-CMR) enables the quantification of important parameters that are used in the assessment of cardiovascular function. An essential part of this analysis is the identificati ... Full text Cite

Prognostic Value of Feature-Tracking Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Severe Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Multicenter Study.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · August 2021 OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature-tracking-derived right ventricular (RV) free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWLS) in a large multicenter population of patients with severe functional t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship of LVEF and Myocardial Scar to Long-Term Mortality Risk and Mode of Death in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Journal Article Circulation · April 6, 2021 BACKGROUND: Nonischemic cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and is associated with high mortality risk from progressive heart failure and arrhythmias. Myocardial scar on cardiovascular magnetic resonance i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ischemia-Mediated Dysfunction in Subpapillary Myocardium as a Marker of Functional Mitral Regurgitation.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · April 2021 OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to test whether ischemia-mediated contractile dysfunction underlying the mitral valve affects functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and the prognostic impact of FMR. BACKGROUND: FMR results from left ventricular (LV) ... Full text Link to item Cite

Epicardial Surface Area of Infarction: A Stable Surrogate of Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Journal Article Circ Cardiovasc Imaging · February 2021 BACKGROUND: Microvascular obstruction (MO) is a pathophysiologic complication of acute myocardial infarction that portends poor prognosis; however, it is transient and disappears with infarct healing. Much remains unknown regarding its pathophysiology and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) recommended CMR protocols for scanning patients with active or convalescent phase COVID-19 infection.

Journal Article J Cardiovasc Magn Reson · September 3, 2020 The aim of this document is to provide specific recommendations on the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) protocols in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. In patients without COVID-19, standard CMR protocols should be used based on clinical indic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feature-Tracking Global Longitudinal Strain Predicts Mortality in Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Multicenter Study.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · April 2020 OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of global longitudinal strain (GLS) derived from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature-tracking in a large multicenter population of patients with preserved ejection fraction. BACKG ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prognostic Implications of Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion in Patients with Hypertension and a Clinical Indication for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Multicenter Study.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · September 2019 OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) in a large multicenter population of patients with hypertension. BACKGROUND: In patients with hyperte ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence and Prognosis of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction in Asymptomatic Patients With Diabetes: A Two-Center Study With Up to 5 Years of Follow-up.

Journal Article Diabetes Care · July 2019 OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and prognostic significance of unrecognized myocardial infarction (MI) by delayed-enhancement MRI (DE-MRI) in asymptomatic patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this prospective, two-center study of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prognostic Value of Vasodilator Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Multicenter Study With 48 000 Patient-Years of Follow-up.

Journal Article JAMA Cardiol · March 1, 2019 IMPORTANCE: Stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is not widely used in current clinical practice, and its ability to predict patient mortality is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether stress CMR is associated with patient mortality. DESIGN, S ... Full text Link to item Cite

Association of left atrial volume index and all-cause mortality in patients referred for routine cardiovascular magnetic resonance: a multicenter study.

Journal Article J Cardiovasc Magn Reson · January 7, 2019 BACKGROUND: Routine cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) allows for the measurement of left atrial (LA) volumes. Normal reference values for LA volumes have been published based on a group of European individuals without known cardiovascular diseas ... Full text Link to item Cite

Dark-Blood Delayed Enhancement Cardiac Magnetic Resonance of Myocardial Infarction.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · December 2018 OBJECTIVES: This study introduced and validated a novel flow-independent delayed enhancement technique that shows hyperenhanced myocardium while simultaneously suppressing blood-pool signal. BACKGROUND: The diagnosis and assessment of myocardial infarction ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Feature-Tracking Global Longitudinal Strain Predicts Death in a Multicenter Population of Patients With Ischemic and Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Incremental to Ejection Fraction and Late Gadolinium Enhancement.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · October 2018 OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature-tracking-derived global longitudinal strain (GLS) in a large multicenter population of patients with ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiom ... Full text Link to item Cite

Left Ventricular Long-Axis Function Assessed with Cardiac Cine MR Imaging Is an Independent Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Multicenter Study.

Journal Article Radiology · February 2018 Purpose To evaluate the prognostic value of a simple index of left ventricular (LV) long-axis function-lateral mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE)-in a large multicenter population of patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) who were underg ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques

Chapter · January 1, 2018 Since the first dedicated cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) clinical services opened in the mid-1990s, CMR imaging has become routine at most medical centers. In recent years, cross-institutional CMR protocols have become more consistent. This chapte ... Full text Cite

The Prevalence, Correlates, and Impact on Cardiac Mortality of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Journal Article JACC. Cardiovascular imaging · October 2017 ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the prevalence, correlates, and impact on cardiac mortality of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in nonischemic cardiomyopathy.BackgroundCurrent heart failure guidelines place little emphasis on R ... Full text Cite

Comparison of stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with stress nuclear perfusion for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

Journal Article J Nucl Cardiol · April 2016 OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic performance of stress cardiac magnetic resonance (stress CMR) vs stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain. BACKGROUND: SPECT imagi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of a novel dark-blood delayed enhancement technique for the detection of papillary muscle SCAR

Journal Article Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · January 1, 2016 Full text Cite

Relationship of T2-Weighted MRI Myocardial Hyperintensity and the Ischemic Area-At-Risk.

Journal Article Circ Res · July 17, 2015 RATIONALE: After acute myocardial infarction (MI), delineating the area-at-risk (AAR) is crucial for measuring how much, if any, ischemic myocardium has been salvaged. T2-weighted MRI is promoted as an excellent method to delineate the AAR. However, the ev ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Stress cardiac MR imaging compared with stress echocardiography in the early evaluation of patients who present to the emergency department with intermediate-risk chest pain.

Journal Article Radiology · April 2014 PURPOSE: To compare the utility and efficacy of stress cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and stress echocardiography in an emergency setting in patients with acute chest pain (CP) and intermediate risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIALS AND ... Full text Link to item Cite

CMR imaging with rapid visual T1 assessment predicts mortality in patients suspected of cardiac amyloidosis.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · February 2014 OBJECTIVES: This study tested the diagnostic and prognostic utility of a rapid, visual T1 assessment method for identification of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) in a "real-life" referral population undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance for suspected CA. BACKGROU ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence of regional myocardial thinning and relationship with myocardial scarring in patients with coronary artery disease.

Journal Article JAMA · March 6, 2013 IMPORTANCE: Regional left ventricular (LV) wall thinning is believed to represent chronic transmural myocardial infarction and scar tissue. However, recent case reports using delayed-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging raise the pos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Extracellular space measurements with CMR imaging.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · September 2012 Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of myocardial scarring improves risk stratification in patients evaluated for cardiac defibrillator implantation.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · July 31, 2012 OBJECTIVES: We tested whether an assessment of myocardial scarring by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would improve risk stratification in patients evaluated for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. BACKGROUND: Current sudden ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improved left ventricular mass quantification with partial voxel interpolation: in vivo and necropsy validation of a novel cardiac MRI segmentation algorithm.

Journal Article Circ Cardiovasc Imaging · January 2012 BACKGROUND: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) typically quantifies LV mass (LVM) by means of manual planimetry (MP), but this approach is time-consuming and does not account for partial voxel components--myocardium admixed with blood in a single voxel. Auto ... Full text Link to item Cite

Direct in vivo myocardial infarct visualization using 3D ultrasound and passive strain contrast

Conference IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium Ius · December 1, 2011 An approach for myocardial elastography is presented for infarct visualization. Infarcts are visualized using passive strain in the ventricles induced by atrial contraction. Results are compared against ARFI and delay-enhanced contrast MR. © 2011 IEEE. ... Full text Cite

Prognostic value of routine cardiac magnetic resonance assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial damage: an international, multicenter study.

Journal Article Circ Cardiovasc Imaging · November 2011 BACKGROUND: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is considered the reference standard for assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and myocardial damage. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between CMR findings and patient outco ... Full text Link to item Cite

LV thrombus detection by routine echocardiography: insights into performance characteristics using delayed enhancement CMR.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · July 2011 OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate performance characteristics of routine echo for left ventricular thrombus (LVT). BACKGROUND: Although the utility of dedicated echocardiography (echo) for LVT is established, echo is widely used as a general test f ... Full text Link to item Cite

The aorta wall of patients presenting to the emergency department with acute myocardial infarction by cardiac magnetic resonance.

Journal Article Atherosclerosis · September 2010 BACKGROUND: Inflammation has been shown to be a major component in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a critical component of the ACS spectrum, multiple coronary arteries are ... Full text Link to item Cite

Detection of myocardial damage in patients with sarcoidosis.

Journal Article Circulation · November 17, 2009 BACKGROUND: In patients with sarcoidosis, sudden death is a leading cause of mortality, which may represent unrecognized cardiac involvement. Delayed-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DE-CMR) can detect minute amounts of myocardial damage. We ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unrecognized non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: prevalence and prognostic significance in patients with suspected coronary disease.

Journal Article PLoS Med · April 21, 2009 BACKGROUND: Unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) is known to constitute a substantial portion of potentially lethal coronary heart disease. However, the diagnosis of UMI is based on the appearance of incidental Q-waves on 12-lead electrocardiography. T ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cardiovascular MRI in practice a teaching file approach

Journal Article Cardiovascular MRI in Practice A Teaching File Approach · December 1, 2008 In the early 20th century, plain film radiography probably evoked the same sense of wonder that we now associate with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Extensive technical developments and a growth of studies in the literature have increased demand for CMR ... Full text Cite

Detection of left ventricular thrombus by delayed-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance prevalence and markers in patients with systolic dysfunction.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · July 8, 2008 OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the prevalence and markers of left ventricular (LV) thrombus among patients with systolic dysfunction. BACKGROUND: Prior studies have yielded discordant findings regarding prevalence and markers of LV thrombus. Delay ... Full text Link to item Cite

Value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance stress perfusion testing for the detection of coronary artery disease in women.

Journal Article JACC Cardiovasc Imaging · July 2008 OBJECTIVES: We wanted to assess the value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) stress testing for evaluation of women with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND: A combined perfusion and infarction CMR examination can accurately diagnos ... Full text Link to item Cite

Direct en face imaging of secundum atrial septal defects by velocity-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients evaluated for possible transcatheter closure.

Journal Article Circ Cardiovasc Imaging · July 2008 BACKGROUND: Atrial septal defect (ASD) flow can be measured indirectly by velocity-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance (veCMR) of the pulmonary artery and aorta. Imaging the secundum ASD en face could potentially enable direct flow measurement and pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Respiratory motion and cardiac arrhythmia effects on diagnostic accuracy of myocardial delayed-enhanced MR imaging in canines.

Journal Article Radiology · April 2008 PURPOSE: To prospectively compare in canines the diagnostic accuracy for myocardial infarction (MI) of standard delayed-enhancement (DE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging versus that of subsecond DE MR imaging with and without breath holding and/or cardiac a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Performance of delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging with gadoversetamide contrast for the detection and assessment of myocardial infarction: an international, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized trial.

Journal Article Circulation · February 5, 2008 BACKGROUND: The identification and assessment of myocardial infarction (MI) are important for therapeutic and prognostic purposes, yet current recommended diagnostic strategies have significant limitations. We prospectively tested the performance of delaye ... Full text Link to item Cite

Training cardiovascular specialists in imaging: a curriculum based on fundamental concepts required for multimodal imaging.

Journal Article Am Heart J · November 2007 BACKGROUND: Training cardiovascular (CV) imaging specialists is becoming increasingly complex owing to rapidly emerging technological advances and the growing recognition that single modality training is inefficient and results in suboptimal education and ... Full text Link to item Cite

MRI for the Assessment of Myocardial Viability

Journal Article Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America · November 1, 2007 Accurate distinction between viable and infarcted myocardium is important for assessment of patients who have cardiac dysfunction. Through the technique of delayed-enhancement MRI (DE-MRI), viable and infarcted myocardium can be simultaneously identified i ... Full text Cite

Combining spin echoes with gradient echoes in the context of the global coherent free precession pulse sequence.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · July 2007 To extend the signal longevity of magnetically excited spins in flowing fluids while in a state of global coherent free precession (GCFP), a refocusing radiofrequency (RF) pulse and bipolar gradient waveforms were combined with the GCFP sequence. The data ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cardiovascular MRI: its current and future use in clinical practice.

Journal Article Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther · March 2007 Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a comprehensive clinical tool for assessing a large variety of cardiovascular diseases. Using the clinical service of the Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center as an example, we describe how to per ... Full text Link to item Cite

MRI for the assessment of myocardial viability.

Journal Article Cardiol Clin · February 2007 Accurate distinction between viable and infarcted myocardium is important for assessment of patients who have cardiac dysfunction. Through the technique of delayed-enhancement MRI (DE-MRI), viable and infarcted myocardium can be simultaneously identified i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid detection of myocardial infarction by subsecond, free-breathing delayed contrast-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Journal Article Circulation · January 16, 2007 BACKGROUND: An ultrafast, delayed contrast-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance technique that can acquire subsecond, "snapshot" images during free breathing (subsecond) is becoming widely available. This technique provides myocardial infarction ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

MR angiography of the thoracic aorta with protocols

Chapter · January 1, 2007 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in the diagnostic work-up of a broad spectrum of aortic diseases. In this chapter we will describe the MRI pulse sequences commonly used in the comprehensive assessment of the thoracic aorta, including ... Cite

Acute myocardial infarction: safety of cardiac MR imaging after percutaneous revascularization with stents.

Journal Article Radiology · September 2006 PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the safety of cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed early (<14 days) after coronary stent implantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This HIPPA-compliant study w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Assessment of no-reflow regions using cardiac MRI.

Journal Article Basic Res Cardiol · September 2006 Ischemic myocardial injury can be broadly characterized as either reversible or irreversible. Within irreversibly injured (infarcted) regions microvascular perfusion can vary from nearly normal to nearly zero, even in the presence of an open infarct-relate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of time, dose, and inversion time for acute myocardial infarct size measurements based on magnetic resonance imaging-delayed contrast enhancement.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · May 16, 2006 OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate the influence of time, dose, and inversion time (TI) and their interactions on myocardial infarct size measurements to establish the foundation for a standardized protocol for multicenter trials. BACKGROUND: The ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improved detection of coronary artery disease by stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance with the use of delayed enhancement infarction imaging.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · April 18, 2006 OBJECTIVES: We tested a pre-defined visual interpretation algorithm that combines cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) data from perfusion and infarction imaging for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular magnetic res ... Full text Link to item Cite

Technology insight: MRI of the myocardium.

Journal Article Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med · November 2005 MRI is emerging as the method of choice for the evaluation of a wide variety of cardiovascular disorders. A major advantage of this technique over the other cardiac imaging modalities is the fact that it allows the operator--via special software programs c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Delayed enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies.

Journal Article Eur Heart J · August 2005 Non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies (NICMs) are chronic, progressive myocardial diseases with distinct patterns of morphological, functional, and electrophysiological changes. In the setting of cardiomyopathy (CM), determining the exact aetiology is important b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functional assessment of myoblast transplantation for cardiac repair with magnetic resonance imaging.

Journal Article Eur J Heart Fail · June 2005 BACKGROUND: Contraction of transplanted myoblasts and their effects on function and remodeling after myocardial infarction remain controversial. AIM: We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study wall thickening and left ventricular (LV) function and g ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noninvasive assessment of blood flow based on magnetic resonance global coherent free precession.

Journal Article Circulation · March 1, 2005 BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance global coherent free precession (GCFP) is a new technique that produces cine projection angiograms directly analogous to those of x-ray angiography noninvasively and without a contrast agent. In this study, we compared GCFP b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Technology insight: assessment of myocardial viability by delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging.

Journal Article Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med · March 2005 Myocardial viability is of established importance to the management of cardiac patients being considered for revascularization. Existing noninvasive imaging tests to examine myocardial viability, such as stress echocardiography and nuclear scintigraphy, ar ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of cardiac magnetic resonance to assess viability.

Journal Article Curr Cardiol Rep · January 2005 The accurate differentiation of viable and nonviable myocardium is crucial for therapy planning in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Traditional techniques such as echocardiography, positron emission tomography, single ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnetic resonance versus radionuclide pharmacological stress perfusion imaging for flow-limiting stenoses of varying severity.

Journal Article Circulation · July 6, 2004 BACKGROUND: Although magnetic resonance first-pass imaging (MRFP) has potential advantages in pharmacological stress perfusion imaging, direct comparisons of current MRFP and established radionuclide techniques are not available. METHODS AND RESULTS: Grade ... Full text Link to item Cite

Infarct resorption, compensatory hypertrophy, and differing patterns of ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarctions of varying size.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · June 2, 2004 OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify advantages of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in studying postinfarction ventricular remodeling. BACKGROUND: Although sequential measurements of ventricular volumes, internal dimensions, and total ventri ... Full text Link to item Cite

Magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of myocardial viability.

Journal Article J Magn Reson Imaging · June 2004 The identification of myocardial viability in the setting of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is crucial for the prediction of functional recovery following revascularization. Although echocardiography, positron emission tomography (PET), and nuclear imag ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noninvasive cineangiography by magnetic resonance global coherent free precession.

Journal Article Nat Med · May 2004 Cardiovascular disease is primarily diagnosed using invasive X-ray cineangiography. Here we introduce a new concept in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that, for the first time, produces similar images noninvasively and without a contrast agent. Protons in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Erratum: How We Perform Delayed Enhancement Imaging (Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (2003) 5:3 (505-514))

Journal Article Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · November 25, 2003 Cite

Gadolinium cardiovascular magnetic resonance predicts reversible myocardial dysfunction and remodeling in patients with heart failure undergoing beta-blocker therapy.

Journal Article Circulation · October 21, 2003 BACKGROUND: In some patients with heart failure, beta-blockers can improve left ventricular (LV) function and reduce morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can predict reversible my ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship of contractile function to transmural extent of infarction in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · August 6, 2003 OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the relationship of contractile function to the transmural extent of infarction (TEI) in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. BACKGROUND: In the setting of reperfused, chronic myocardial infarction (MI), the rel ... Full text Link to item Cite

How we perform delayed enhancement imaging.

Journal Article J Cardiovasc Magn Reson · July 2003 Recently, numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of a segmented inversion recovery fast gradient echo (seg IR-FGE) sequence for differentiating injured from normal myocardium. This technique for delayed enhancement imaging has been shown to b ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contrast-enhanced MRI and routine single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion imaging for detection of subendocardial myocardial infarcts: an imaging study.

Journal Article Lancet · February 1, 2003 BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarcts are routinely detected by nuclear imaging techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging. A newly developed technique for infarct detection based on contrast-enhanced cardi ... Full text Link to item Cite

MR imaging of myocardial perfusion and viability.

Journal Article Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am · February 2003 CMR is a rapidly developing new modality with applications in clinical cardiology for detection and assessment of myocardial ischemia and viability. CMR perfusion results for the detection of ischemia in comparison with stress echocardiography and scintigr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improved efficacy of stem cell labeling for magnetic resonance imaging studies by the use of cationic liposomes.

Journal Article Cell Transplant · 2003 Labeling stem cells with FDA-approved superparamagnetic iron oxide particles makes it possible to track cells in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but high intracellular levels of iron can cause free radical formation and cytotoxicity. We hypothe ... Full text Link to item Cite

Myocardial scarring in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · December 18, 2002 OBJECTIVES: We sought to ascertain whether myocardial scarring occurs in living unselected patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). BACKGROUND: Myocardial scarring is known to occur in select HCM patients, who were highly symptomatic prior to death ... Full text Link to item Cite

Reproducibility of chronic infarct size measurement by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Journal Article Circulation · October 29, 2002 BACKGROUND: The reproducibility of contrast-enhanced MRI has not been established. We compared MRI reproducibility for infarct size determination with that of (99m)Tc-sestamibi (MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS AND RESULTS: ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid cine MRI of the human heart using reconstruction by estimation of lines and inhibition of fold-in.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · May 2002 A fast imaging method is described that yields an approximately six-fold acquisition time reduction relative to conventional techniques. The method involves: 1) acquisition of every sixth k-space line; 2) shifting of acquired k-space lines between odd and ... Full text Link to item Cite

TrueFISP: assessment of accuracy for measurement of left ventricular mass in an animal model.

Journal Article J Magn Reson Imaging · May 2002 PURPOSE: To test the accuracy of a high performance true fast imaging with steady-state precession (TrueFISP) pulse sequence for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) mass in a large animal model on 1.5-T scanners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We imaged dogs ( ... Full text Link to item Cite

Myocardial magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent concentrations after reversible and irreversible ischemic injury.

Journal Article Circulation · January 15, 2002 BACKGROUND: Discrepant reports have been published recently regarding the relationship of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance image intensities to reversible and irreversible ischemic injury. Unlike image intensities, contrast agent concentrations provide ... Full text Link to item Cite

Blood pool contrast-enhanced MRI detects suppression of microvascular permeability in early postinfarction reperfusion after nicorandil therapy

Journal Article Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2002 Nicorandil is an adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener with a nitrate-like effect. It is approved for clinical use in Europe and Japan as an antianginal drug. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the acute effects of nicorand ... Full text Cite

Limits of detection of regional differences in vasodilated flow in viable myocardium by first-pass magnetic resonance perfusion imaging.

Journal Article Circulation · November 13, 2001 BACKGROUND: Perfusion imaging techniques intended to identify regional limitations in coronary flow reserve in viable myocardium need to identify 2-fold differences in regional flow during coronary vasodilation consistently. This study evaluated the suitab ... Full text Link to item Cite

Transmural extent of acute myocardial infarction predicts long-term improvement in contractile function.

Journal Article Circulation · September 4, 2001 BACKGROUND: Previous animal studies have demonstrated that the transmural extent of acute myocardial infarction defined by contrast-enhanced MRI (ceMRI) relates to early restoration of flow and future improvements in contractile function. We tested the hyp ... Full text Link to item Cite

Theory of high-speed MR imaging of the human heart with the selective line acquisition mode.

Journal Article Radiology · August 2001 Selective line acquisition mode (SLAM) reduces magnetic resonance imaging time by a factor n relative to conventional techniques. Seventeen patients with cardiac disease and three volunteers were examined with SLAM and two-frame interpolation (2FI). SLAM i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Visualization of discrete microinfarction after percutaneous coronary intervention associated with mild creatine kinase-MB elevation.

Journal Article Circulation · June 12, 2001 BACKGROUND: Mild elevations in creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) are common after successful percutaneous coronary interventions and are associated with future adverse cardiac events. The mechanism for CK-MB release remains unclear. A new contrast-enhanced MRI te ... Full text Link to item Cite

Visualisation of presence, location, and transmural extent of healed Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.

Journal Article Lancet · January 6, 2001 BACKGROUND: A technical advance in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly improved image quality. We investigated whether healed myocardial infarction can be visualised as hyperenhanced regions with this new technique, and whe ... Full text Link to item Cite

An improved MR imaging technique for the visualization of myocardial infarction.

Journal Article Radiology · January 2001 PURPOSE: To design a segmented inversion-recovery turbo fast low-angle shot (turboFLASH) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging pulse sequence for the visualization of myocardial infarction, compare this technique with other MR imaging approaches in a canine mode ... Full text Link to item Cite

The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · November 16, 2000 BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after the administration of contrast material can be used to distinguish between reversible and irreversible myocardial ischemic injury regardless of the extent of wall motion or the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of myocardium at risk: distinction between reversible and irreversible injury throughout infarct healing.

Journal Article J Am Coll Cardiol · November 15, 2000 OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the relationship of delayed hyperenhancement by contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to viable and nonviable myocardium within the region at risk throughout infarct healing. BACKGROUND: The relationship of delayed MR ... Full text Link to item Cite

Early assessment of myocardial salvage by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

Journal Article Circulation · October 3, 2000 BACKGROUND: Myocardial salvage after acute myocardial infarction is defined clinically by early restoration of flow and long-term improvement in contractile function. We hypothesized that contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed early ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of myocardial viability by MRI.

Journal Article Herz · June 2000 Distinguishing between viable and non-viable myocardium is an important clinical issue. Several magnetic resonance (MR) techniques to address this issue have been proposed. Spectroscopy of phosphorus-31 and hydrogen-1 from creatine as well as imaging of so ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship of MRI delayed contrast enhancement to irreversible injury, infarct age, and contractile function.

Journal Article Circulation · November 9, 1999 BACKGROUND: Contrast MRI enhancement patterns in several pathophysiologies resulting from ischemic myocardial injury are controversial or have not been investigated. We compared contrast enhancement in acute infarction (AI), after severe but reversible isc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Relationship of elevated 23Na magnetic resonance image intensity to infarct size after acute reperfused myocardial infarction.

Journal Article Circulation · July 13, 1999 BACKGROUND: Elevated 23Na MR image intensity after acute myocardial infarction has previously been shown to correspond to high tissue [Na+] and loss of myocardial viability. In this study, we explored the potential of in vivo 23Na MRI to assess infarct siz ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physiological basis for potassium (39K) magnetic resonance imaging of the heart.

Journal Article Circ Res · April 30, 1999 The potassium cation (K+) is fundamentally involved in myocyte metabolism. To explore the potential utility of direct MRI of the most abundant natural isotope of potassium, 39K, we compared 39K magnetic resonance (MR) image intensity with regional myocardi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of water exchange on the measurement of myocardial perfusion using paramagnetic contrast agents.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · February 1999 To investigate the effects of water exchange on quantification of perfusion, data were acquired in isolated hearts (n = 11) and used to develop a model of exchange. Myocardial T1 was measured 3 times/sec during step changes in concentration of intravascula ... Full text Link to item Cite

Differentiation of viable and nonviable myocardium by the use of three-dimensional tagged MRI in 2-day-old reperfused canine infarcts.

Journal Article Circulation · January 19, 1999 BACKGROUND: To limit ischemic myocardial injury, it is important to differentiate viable from infarcted myocardium. Three dimensional (3D) tagged MRI has the ability to quantify myocardial 3D deformation and strain (noninvasively and precisely), and can ac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Contrast magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of myocardial viability in patients with stable coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.

Journal Article Circulation · December 15, 1998 BACKGROUND: The utility of contrast MRI for assessing myocardial viability in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) with left ventricular dysfunction is uncertain. We therefore performed cine and contrast MRI in 24 stable patients with CAD and regional cont ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prognostic significance of microvascular obstruction by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Journal Article Circulation · March 3, 1998 BACKGROUND: The extent of microvascular obstruction during acute coronary occlusion may determine the eventual magnitude of myocardial damage and thus, patient prognosis after infarction. By contrast-enhanced MRI, regions of profound microvascular obstruct ... Full text Link to item Cite

Theoretical basis for sodium and potassium MRI of the human heart at 1.5 T.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · October 1997 Knowledge of the extent and location of viable tissue is important to clinical diagnosis. In principle, sodium (23Na) and potassium (39K) MRI could noninvasively provide information about tissue viability. In practice, imaging of these nuclei is difficult ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fast 23Na magnetic resonance imaging of acute reperfused myocardial infarction. Potential to assess myocardial viability.

Journal Article Circulation · April 1, 1997 BACKGROUND: The ability of the myocyte to maintain an ionic concentration gradient is perhaps the best indication of myocardial viability. We studied the relationship of 23Na MRI intensity to viability and explored the potential of fast-imaging techniques ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fast 23Na magnetic resonance imaging of acute reperfused myocardial infarction: Potential to assess myocardial viability

Journal Article Circulation · 1997 Background: The ability of the myocyte to maintain an ionic concentration gradient is perhaps the best indication of myocardial viability. We studied the relationship of 23Na MRI intensity to viability and explored the potential of fast-imaging techniques ... Cite

Techniques for high-speed cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in rats and rabbits.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · January 1997 Progress in research on hypertension, heart failure, aging, post-infarct remodeling, and the molecular basis of cardiovascular diseases in general has been greatly facilitated in recent years by the development of specialized small-mammal models by selecti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Myocardial Gd-DTPA kinetics determine MRI contrast enhancement and reflect the extent and severity of myocardial injury after acute reperfused infarction.

Journal Article Circulation · December 15, 1996 BACKGROUND: Contrast medium-enhanced magnetic resonance images of acute, reperfused infarcts have shown hypoenhanced and hyperenhanced regions in areas of injured myocardium. The precise mechanisms that lead to these altered enhancement patterns are unknow ... Full text Link to item Cite

Compressibility of perfused passive myocardium.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · November 1996 In most theoretical analyses of the heart, the tissue has been assumed to be incompressible. Because the myocardium is extensively perfused with distensible vessels, increasing the stiffness of the surrounding tissue, as with contraction or passive stretch ... Full text Link to item Cite

Intrinsic myocyte dysfunction and tyrosine kinase pathway activation underlie the impaired wall thickening of adjacent regions during postinfarct left ventricular remodeling.

Journal Article Circulation · April 1, 1996 BACKGROUND: Left ventricular remodeling after infarction is accompanied by dysfunction of regions adjacent to the infarct. We hypothesized that myocyte contractile abnormalities and elongation greater than in remote regions underlie adjacent-region dysfunc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Physiological basis of myocardial contrast enhancement in fast magnetic resonance images of 2-day-old reperfused canine infarcts.

Journal Article Circulation · October 1, 1995 BACKGROUND: Contrast-enhanced fast magnetic resonance (MR) images of acute, reperfused human infarcts demonstrate regions of hypoenhancement and hyperenhancement. The relations between the spatial extent and time course of these enhancement patterns to myo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Validation of 19F-magnetic resonance determination of myocardial blood volume.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · October 1995 The use of perfluorochemical (PFC) emulsions to study the myocardial circulation by means of 19F NMR requires that the biodistribution of the PFC be known. The authors tested the hypothesis that PFC particles remain within the myocardial vascular space by ... Full text Link to item Cite

Regional heterogeneity of human myocardial infarcts demonstrated by contrast-enhanced MRI. Potential mechanisms.

Journal Article Circulation · September 1, 1995 BACKGROUND: Myocardial reperfusion is pivotal to the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. In these patients, coronary flow is generally assessed by angiography and tissue perfusion by tracer scintigraphy. This study was designed to exami ... Full text Link to item Cite

A magnetization-driven gradient echo pulse sequence for the study of myocardial perfusion.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · August 1995 A T1-weighted imaging pulse sequence for contrast-based studies of myocardial perfusion is presented and evaluated in phantoms and in vivo. The sequence is similar to spoiled gradient-recalled echo sequences except that nonselective preparatory RF pulses d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of myocardial water exchange on T1 enhancement during bolus administration of MR contrast agents.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · February 1995 Interpretation of first-pass myocardial perfusion studies employing bolus administration of T1 magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents requires an understanding of the relationship between contrast concentration and image pixel intensity. The potential eff ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rapid measurements of diastolic intramyocardial vascular volume.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · October 1993 Rapid measurements of coronary vascular volume are necessary for a complete understanding of phasic coronary flow. Because no standard method is capable of making these measurements, we developed a method that uses digital subtraction angiography to image ... Full text Link to item Cite

Direct evidence that coronary perfusion affects diastolic myocardial mechanical properties in canine heart.

Journal Article Cardiovasc Res · March 1993 OBJECTIVE: The effect of coronary perfusion on left ventricular chamber distensibility is only indirect evidence that perfusion alters the mechanical properties of the myocardium. The aim of this study was to demonstrate explicitly the effects of coronary ... Full text Link to item Cite

Models for coronary pressure-flow relationships.

Journal Article Adv Exp Med Biol · 1993 We have developed a mathematical model which describes pressure-inflow relationships in the coronary circulation. Model parameters have been identified during metabolic and pharmacologic vasodilation. These two stimuli appear to affect resistance and back ... Full text Link to item Cite

Feasibility of 19F imaging of perfluorochemical emulsions to measure myocardial vascular volume.

Journal Article Magn Reson Med · November 1992 19F magnetic resonance images were obtained of the ventricular walls of isolated rabbit hearts perfused with a perfluorochemical (PFC) emulsion. Since the PFC is known to stay within the vascular space in normal myocardial tissue, the 19F signal should ref ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of digital substration angiography to characterize myocardial intravascular and extracellular volumes

Journal Article Annals of Biomedical Engineering · December 1, 1991 We are developing a method to measure myocardial intravascular and extracellular volumes using digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The advantages over traditional methods are temporal resolution and repeatability. We first validated the method using pha ... Cite

First-pass entry of nonionic contrast agent into the myocardial extravascular space. Effects on radiographic estimates of transit time and blood volume.

Journal Article Circulation · November 1991 BACKGROUND: Almost all x-ray-based techniques intended to assess regional myocardial perfusion from myocardial concentration-time curves following the administration of soluble contrast agents assume that these agents behave as intravascular indicators and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Coronary input impedance is constant during systole and diastole.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · June 1991 Although it is well known that coronary inflow decreases substantially during systole, the mechanism responsible for this decrease remains controversial. Knowledge of how coronary input impedance is affected by contraction can differentiate between some of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diastolic coronary resistance and capacitance are independent of the duration of diastole.

Journal Article Am J Physiol · March 1991 Systolic myocardial contraction may produce changes in coronary resistance and capacitance that persist throughout a normal diastole. In addition, coronary resistance and capacitance as determined in the arrested heart may not accurately describe normal di ... Full text Link to item Cite

Tone-dependent waterfall behavior during venous pressure elevation in isolated canine hearts.

Journal Article Circ Res · February 1991 We examined the "vascular waterfall" hypothesis, which proposes that coronary flow is unaffected by elevations in outflow pressure until the latter reaches a critical threshold level, in 29 isolated canine hearts. In fibrillating hearts vasodilated with ad ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effects of barium-induced cardiac contraction on large- and small-vessel intramyocardial blood volume.

Journal Article Circ Res · January 1991 We have measured the effects of barium-induced cardiac contraction on the intramyocardial blood volume content of all vessels and have independently measured the blood volume content of vessels with a diameter greater than 100 microns in rat myocardium. Me ... Full text Link to item Cite