Scholars@Duke
Ross Erwin McKinney Jr.

Ross Erwin McKinney Jr.

Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics
Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases
ross.mckinney@duke.edu
Box 3461 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
Seeley Mudd Building, Room 108, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

A Per-Protocol Analysis Using Inverse-Probability-of-Censoring Weights in a Randomized Trial of Initial Protease Inhibitor Versus Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Regimens in Children.

Journal Article Am J Epidemiol · June 2, 2023 Protocol adherence may influence measured treatment effectiveness in randomized controlled trials. Using data from a multicenter trial (Europe and the Americas, 2002-2009) of children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 who had been randomized to rece ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sam Lawrence Katz, MD, Memorial Essay.

Journal Article J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc · April 18, 2023 Full text Link to item Cite

A KNOTTY PROBLEM OF INTERTWINED RIGHTS

Chapter · January 1, 2023 Cite

Frequent Development of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies in Early Life in a Large Cohort of Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · May 16, 2022 BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated that broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in children may develop earlier after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to adults. METHODS: We evaluated plasma from 212 antiretroviral therapy-naive ... Full text Link to item Cite

MD-PhD Program Graduates' Engagement in Research: Results of a National Study.

Journal Article Acad Med · April 1, 2021 PURPOSE: To determine if specialty, among other professional development and demographic variables, predicted MD-PhD program graduates' research engagement. METHOD: The authors merged the 2015 Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) National MD-PhD ... Full text Link to item Cite

Improving Comparative Effectiveness Trials.

Journal Article Am J Bioeth · January 2020 Full text Link to item Cite

Time to treatment disruption in children with HIV-1 randomized to initial antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors versus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Journal Article PLoS One · 2020 BACKGROUND: Choice of initial antiretroviral therapy regimen may help children with HIV maintain optimal, continuous therapy. We assessed treatment-naïve children for differences in time to treatment disruption across randomly-assigned protease inhibitor v ... Full text Link to item Cite

"It's Almost Like Gay Sex Doesn't Exist:" Parent-Child Sex Communication According to Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Adolescent Sons.

Journal Article J Adolesc Res · September 1, 2019 Sex communication interventions facilitate positive sexual health outcomes with heterosexual adolescents. The same has yet to be established for male youth with same-sex attractions, behaviors, and identities. Our study describes the experiences of gay, bi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical Research Is a Team Sport.

Journal Article Am J Bioeth · April 2019 Full text Link to item Cite

In Reply to Fochtmann.

Journal Article Acad Med · April 2018 Full text Link to item Cite

Medical ethics

Chapter · January 1, 2018 Cite

Obtaining waivers of parental consent: A strategy endorsed by gay, bisexual, and queer adolescent males for health prevention research.

Journal Article Nurs Outlook · 2018 BACKGROUND: Requiring parental consent in studies with sexual minority youth (SMY) can sometimes be problematic as participants may have yet to disclose their sexual orientation, may not feel comfortable asking parents' permission, and may promote a self-s ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Daunting Career of the Physician-Investigator.

Journal Article Acad Med · October 2017 For many years, physician-investigators have had a particularly difficult time with their academic careers, so that they have been labeled an endangered species. In this Invited Commentary, the author defines three career paths for physician-investigators- ... Full text Link to item Cite

Institutional Conflict of Interest-Reply.

Journal Article JAMA Ophthalmol · November 1, 2016 Full text Link to item Cite

Being Right Isn't Always Enough: NFL Culture and Team Physicians' Conflict of Interest.

Journal Article Hastings Cent Rep · November 2016 The job of being a sports team physician is difficult, regardless of the level, from high school to the National Football League. When a sports league receives the intensity of attention leveled at the NFL, though, a difficult occupation becomes even more ... Full text Link to item Cite

Corrigendum to: Managing Osteoporosis in Patients on Long-Term Bisphosphonate Treatment: Report of a Task Force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (J Bone Miner Res, (2016), 31, (16-35), 10.1002/jbmr.2708)

Journal Article Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · October 1, 2016 In [1], the following changes to wording need to be made. On page 20, second column, first paragraph, second line, “vertebral” should be omitted from the phrase “clinical vertebral fracture.” The sentence is now corrected to read as follows. Similarly, age ... Full text Cite

A Conceptual Model for the Translation of Bioethics Research and Scholarship.

Journal Article Hastings Cent Rep · September 2016 While the bioethics literature demonstrates that the field has spent substantial time and thought over the last four decades on the goals, methods, and desired outcomes for service and training in bioethics, there has been less progress defining the nature ... Full text Link to item Cite

Managing Osteoporosis in Patients on Long-Term Bisphosphonate Treatment: Report of a Task Force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Journal Article J Bone Miner Res · January 2016 Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the most commonly used medications for osteoporosis. This ASBMR report provides guidance on BP therapy duration with a risk-benefit perspective. Two trials provided evidence for long-term BP use. In the Fracture Intervention Trial ... Full text Link to item Cite

Use of altered informed consent in pragmatic clinical research.

Journal Article Clin Trials · October 2015 There are situations in which the requirement to obtain conventional written informed consent can impose significant or even insurmountable barriers to conducting pragmatic clinical research, including some comparative effectiveness studies and cluster-ran ... Full text Link to item Cite

HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Second-Line Treatment in Children Randomized to Switch at Low Versus Higher RNA Thresholds.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · September 1, 2015 BACKGROUND: The PENPACT-1 trial compared virologic thresholds to determine when to switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Using PENPACT-1 data, we aimed to describe HIV-1 drug resistance accumulation on first-line ART by virologic threshold. M ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ethical considerations in design of a study to evaluate a US Food and Drug Administration-approved indication: antivenom versus placebo for copperhead envenomation.

Journal Article Clin Trials · October 2014 BACKGROUND: In 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration approved CroFab(®) Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab, ovine (FabAV), which had received orphan drug designation, for use in patients with minimal to moderate North American crotaline envenomations inc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Using CD4 percentage and age to optimize pediatric antiretroviral therapy initiation.

Journal Article Pediatrics · October 2014 BACKGROUND: Quantifying pediatric immunologic recovery by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation at different CD4 percentage (CD4%) and age thresholds may inform decisions about timing of treatment initiation. METHODS: HIV-1-infected, HAAR ... Full text Link to item Cite

Systematic review and metasummary of attitudes toward research in emergency medical conditions.

Journal Article J Med Ethics · June 2014 Emergency departments are challenging research settings, where truly informed consent can be difficult to obtain. A deeper understanding of emergency medical patients' opinions about research is needed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures: second report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Journal Article J Bone Miner Res · January 2014 Bisphosphonates (BPs) and denosumab reduce the risk of spine and nonspine fractures. Atypical femur fractures (AFFs) located in the subtrochanteric region and diaphysis of the femur have been reported in patients taking BPs and in patients on denosumab, bu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rickettsial and Ehrlichial Diseases

Chapter · September 3, 2013 Cite

Is conflict of interest becoming a challenge for institution-based institutional review boards?

Journal Article Clin Cancer Res · August 1, 2013 Expansion of business relationships between academic institutions and their leaders and industry have become a reality, whereas media attention regarding conflict of interest (COI) at academic institutions has raised concerns about possible erosion of publ ... Full text Link to item Cite

The OHRP and SUPPORT.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · June 20, 2013 Full text Link to item Cite

Sports medicine and ethics.

Journal Article Am J Bioeth · 2013 Physicians working in the world of competitive sports face unique ethical challenges, many of which center around conflicts of interest. Team-employed physicians have obligations to act in the club's best interest while caring for the individual athlete. A ... Full text Link to item Cite

Developmental pharmacokinetic changes of Lamivudine in infants and children.

Journal Article J Clin Pharmacol · December 2012 Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor widely used in infants and children in combination antiretroviral therapy to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Developmental changes in lamivudine pharmacokinetic disposition were ... Full text Link to item Cite

Making the first fracture the last fracture: ASBMR task force report on secondary fracture prevention.

Journal Article J Bone Miner Res · October 2012 Fragility fractures are common, affecting almost one in two older women and one in three older men. Every fragility fracture signals increased risk of future fractures as well as risk of premature mortality. Despite the major health care impact worldwide, ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clinical Research and the Law

Journal Article Clinical Research and the Law · April 24, 2012 The legal implications of conducting clinical research and trials are becoming more complex. Everyone involved in clinical research increasingly needs to be aware of not only the ethical issues at stake but also how the law affects medical practice and res ... Full text Cite

First-line antiretroviral therapy with a protease inhibitor versus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and switch at higher versus low viral load in HIV-infected children: An open-label, randomised phase 2/3 trial

Journal Article Lancet Infectious Diseases · April 1, 2011 Background: Children with HIV will be on antiretroviral therapy (ART) longer than adults, and therefore the durability of first-line ART and timing of switch to second-line are key questions. We assess the long-term outcome of protease inhibitor and non-nu ... Full text Cite

Atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures: report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Journal Article J Bone Miner Res · November 2010 Reports linking long-term use of bisphosphonates (BPs) with atypical fractures of the femur led the leadership of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) to appoint a task force to address key questions related to this problem. A multidi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Randomized controlled trial of feeding a concentrated formula to infants born to women infected by human immunodeficiency virus.

Journal Article J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr · August 2009 OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that concentrated formula (CF) begun within the first 2 weeks of life increases growth in infants born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected mothers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HIV-exposed infants from the United St ... Full text Link to item Cite

Continuous improvement in the immune system of HIV-infected children on prolonged antiretroviral therapy.

Journal Article AIDS · November 12, 2008 BACKGROUND: The goal of HAART is to promote reconstitution of CD4+ T cells and other immune responses. We evaluated the extent and the kinetics of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected children over 144 weeks of successful HAART. METHODS: Thirty-seven chil ... Full text Link to item Cite

Long-term safety and efficacy of a once-daily regimen of emtricitabine, didanosine, and efavirenz in HIV-infected, therapy-naive children and adolescents: Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol P1021.

Journal Article Pediatrics · August 2007 BACKGROUND: Compliance with complex antiretroviral therapy regimens is a problem for HIV-1-infected children and their families. Simple, safe, and effective regimens are important for long-term therapeutic success. METHODS: A novel, once-daily dosing regim ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antiretroviral therapy

Journal Article · January 1, 2006 The biology of HIV and antiretroviral therapy Chapter 1 describes the HIV life cycle and outlines the steps in the life cycle targeted by antiretroviral drugs. The viral targets of antiretroviral agents are outlined in Chapter 1 Fig. 1.3, and Table 1.6. Th ... Full text Cite

Should an institution that has commercial rights in a new drug or device be allowed to evaluate the technology?

Journal Article PLoS Med · January 2005 In the United States, the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980 encouraged universities to license inventions for commercial development. Although this financial incentive can stimulate academic researchers to discover new drugs and devices, there is concer ... Full text Link to item Cite

Growth as a part of the composite endpoint in paediatric antiretroviral clinical trials.

Journal Article J Antimicrob Chemother · October 2004 Paediatric HIV is a rapidly emerging disease in many resource-poor countries. Survival into adulthood is possible for HIV-infected children provided that they receive effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Large trials comparing multiple regimens of ART i ... Full text Link to item Cite

Prevalence of chemokine and chemokine receptor polymorphisms in seroprevalent children with symptomatic HIV-1 infection in the United States.

Journal Article J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr · March 1, 2004 Several chemokines and chemokine receptors are involved in HIV-1 infection, disease progression, and transmission. We studied the prevalence of genetic variations in CCR2, SDF1, and the CCR5 gene and its promoter region at positions 59029, 59353, and 59356 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Growth velocity assessment in paediatric AIDS: smoothing, penalized quantile regression and the definition of growth failure.

Journal Article Stat Med · February 15, 2004 The analysis of growth records in paediatric anti-HIV clinical trials plays an important role in trial evaluation. Growth failure may be a manifestation of progressive disease or treatment toxicity, and is commonly specified as a major trial outcome event ... Full text Link to item Cite

Newer treatments for HIV in children.

Journal Article Curr Opin Pediatr · February 2004 Featured Publication PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Several new antiretroviral agents have been introduced into pediatric and adult use. This review will summarize information about these new agents and other recent advances in the care of HIV-infected children. RECENT FINDINGS: New drugs ... Full text Link to item Cite

Growth patterns reflect response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive infants: potential utility in resource-poor settings.

Journal Article AIDS Patient Care STDS · January 2004 Laboratory monitoring of HIV-infected children is the current standard of care in the United States to guide the appropriate use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although ART is becoming a reality in some developing countries, laboratory monitoring of ART ... Full text Link to item Cite

Mutations linked to drug resistance, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 biologic phenotype and their association with disease progression in children receiving nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · January 2004 BACKGROUND: Few data are available concerning the impact of antiretroviral resistance in response to antiviral therapy in children. We evaluated the development of antiretroviral genotypic resistance and clinical outcome in a subgroup of children involved ... Full text Link to item Cite

Growth, survival and viral load in symptomatic childhood human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · December 2003 BACKGROUND: The relationships among weight and height growth, viral load and survival in HIV-infected children remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether weight or height growth velocity independently predicts survival and to investigate associations ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic influence of CCR5, CCR2, and SDF1 variants on human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-related disease progression and neurological impairment, in children with symptomatic HIV-1 infection.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · November 15, 2003 The role that host genetics plays in the modification of the rate of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-related disease progression was evaluated in a seroprevalent cohort of 1049 children with symptomatic HIV-1 infection who participated in 2 clinical ... Full text Link to item Cite

Short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy: a meta-analysis.

Journal Article Lancet · November 15, 2003 BACKGROUND: Data on the short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children are needed to address the question of when to begin combination antiretroviral therapy. We estimated 12-month risks of progression to AIDS and death, by age and most ... Full text Link to item Cite

A comparison of height and weight velocity as a part of the composite endpoint in pediatric HIV.

Journal Article AIDS · November 7, 2003 Featured Publication BACKGROUND: HIV adversely affects growth in children. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trial Group (PACTG) protocols often use weight velocity [changes in weight z-score for age (WAZ)] as a part of the composite endpoint for phase II and III clinical trials. Howeve ... Full text Link to item Cite

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zidovudine in HIV-infected infants and children.

Journal Article J Clin Pharmacol · February 2003 The purpose of this study was to assess the population pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of zidovudine (ZDV) in infants and children. This evaluation includes 394 subjects who participated in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) Study ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of zidovudine in preterm infants.

Journal Article J Pediatr · January 2003 OBJECTIVE: To determine zidovudine pharmacokinetics and tolerance in premature human human immunodeficiency virus-exposed infants. STUDY DESIGN: Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 331 was a multicentered prospective, open-label study of the use of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trends in interventions to reduce perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission in North Carolina.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · July 2002 BACKGROUND: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV has decreased in industrialized countries because of widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) by HIV-infected pregnant women and perhaps to increased use of elective cesarean section. We evaluated chang ... Full text Link to item Cite

Immune reconstitution in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: a cohort study.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · October 2001 BACKGROUND: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has brought about rapid declines in HIV-1 RNA concentrations and an increase in CD4+ counts in HIV-1-infected children. These changes are often accompanied by clinical improvement; however, the exten ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rational testing of the HIV-exposed infant.

Journal Article Pediatrics · July 2001 OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate testing regimens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants and 2) to determine optimal methods of follow-up by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. METHODS: We reviewed ... Full text Link to item Cite

Bacteremia, central catheters, and neonates: when to pull the line.

Journal Article Pediatrics · June 2001 OBJECTIVES: Physicians who treat neonates who become bacteremic while dependent on central venous catheters face a serious and common dilemma. We sought 1) to evaluate the relationship between central venous catheter removal and outcome in bacteremic neona ... Full text Link to item Cite

Successful prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected children using smaller than recommended dosages of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Journal Article AIDS Patient Care STDS · May 2001 Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is an essential part of the management of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). No dose-ranging studies were ever performed; there ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety of 2 recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope vaccines in neonates born to HIV-1-infected women.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · March 1, 2001 To determine the safety of 2 candidate vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial compared low, medium, and high doses of the vaccines or an adjuvant among infants born to HIV-infected ... Full text Link to item Cite

Functionally inert HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not play a major role in chronically infected adults and children.

Journal Article J Exp Med · December 18, 2000 The highly sensitive quantitation of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells using major histocompatibility complex-peptide tetramer assays has revealed higher levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in acute and chronic virus infections than were recognized previo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Treatment-mediated changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 RNA and CD4 cell counts as predictors of weight growth failure, cognitive decline, and survival in HIV-infected children.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · November 2000 This meta-analysis of 5 large studies of the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group was undertaken to evaluate the predictive value of antiretroviral treatment-mediated changes in 3 markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 disease progression-HIV ... Full text Link to item Cite

When to suspect fungal infection in neonates: A clinical comparison of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis fungemia with coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia.

Journal Article Pediatrics · October 2000 OBJECTIVES: To determine the epidemiology of candidemia in our neonatal intensive care unit; to compare risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes for neonates infected with Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and coagulase-negative staphylococc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Candidal mycetoma in the neonatal kidney.

Journal Article Pediatrics · November 1999 OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural history of renal mycetoma (fungal balls) in the neonate. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of all neonatal intensive care unit patients with systemic candidiasis and sonographic evidence of renal mycetoma admitted to th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacokinetics of didanosine in antepartum and postpartum human immunodeficiency virus--infected pregnant women and their neonates: an AIDS clinical trials group study.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · November 1999 Didanosine (ddI) pharmacokinetics in antepartum and postpartum human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women and their neonates were studied. HIV-infected pregnant women received an intravenous (iv) ddI infusion (1.6 mg/kg/h) or an oral dose (200 mg bi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Neurologic, neurocognitive, and brain growth outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving different nucleoside antiretroviral regimens. Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 152 Study Team.

Journal Article Pediatrics · September 1999 OBJECTIVES: To compare the impact of three different nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimens, zidovudine (ZDV) monotherapy, didanosine (ddI) monotherapy, and ZDV plus ddI combination therapy, on central nervous system (CNS) outcomes in symptoma ... Full text Link to item Cite

Trends in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling, testing, and antiretroviral treatment of HIV-infected women and perinatal transmission in North Carolina.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · July 1999 Since 1993, trends in perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission have been monitored by use of chart review of patients identified at a central diagnostic laboratory. In the population studied, either pre- or postnatal antiretroviral therapy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Combination therapy with stavudine (d4T) plus didanosine (ddI) in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 327 Team.

Journal Article Pediatrics · May 1999 OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety, tolerance, and antiviral activity of combination therapy with stavudine (d4T) plus didanosine (ddI) in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. METHODS: The study enrolled HIV-infected children w ... Full text Link to item Cite

A phase I study of abacavir (1592U89) alone and in combination with other antiretroviral agents in infants and children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 330 Team.

Journal Article Pediatrics · April 1999 OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the pharmacokinetic features, safety, and tolerance of abacavir, given alone and in combination with other nucleoside antiretroviral agents, in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children. METHODS: HIV-infected ... Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized study of combined zidovudine-lamivudine versus didanosine monotherapy in children with symptomatic therapy-naive HIV-1 infection. The Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 300 Study Team.

Journal Article J Pediatr · October 1998 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: The Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) Protocol 300 assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of combination zidovudine/lamivudine (ZDV/3TC) compared with either didanosine (ddI) alone or combination ZDV/ddI. STUDY DESIGN: Children wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genetic diversity among Mycobacterium avium complex strains recovered from children with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Journal Article J Infect Dis · September 1998 The genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections in children with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were evaluated. Isolates recovered from 136 children were subtyped by sequence analys ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric AIDS prognosis using somatic growth velocity.

Journal Article AIDS · July 30, 1998 OBJECTIVE: To describe the natural history of somatic growth in HIV infection by constructing age-specific growth velocity norms and to assess specific prognostic information available using these norms. DESIGN: Observations on 1338 HIV-infected children a ... Full text Link to item Cite

When children harbor HIV.

Journal Article Sci Am · July 1998 Full text Link to item Cite

Combination antiretroviral therapy.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · June 1998 Full text Link to item Cite

A randomized comparative trial of stavudine (d4T) versus zidovudine (ZDV, AZT) in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 240 Team.

Journal Article Pediatrics · February 1998 OBJECTIVES: To compare the safety and tolerance of stavudine (d4T) versus zidovudine (ZDV, AZT) in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected children 3 months to 6 years of age. METHODS: In an initially double-blind trial, 212 evaluable human immun ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of surrogate markers and clinical outcomes in two-year follow-up of eighty-six human immunodeficiency virus-infected pediatric patients.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · January 1998 OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognostic value of surrogate markers (HIV RNA copy number, CD4 counts and CDC clinical and immunologic categories) in HIV-infected children through a 2-year period. METHODS: Eighty-six HIV-infected children followed by the Duke ... Full text Link to item Cite

Zidovudine, didanosine, or both as the initial treatment for symptomatic HIV-infected children. AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Study 152 Team.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · June 12, 1997 BACKGROUND: Zidovudine has been the drug of choice for the initial treatment of symptomatic children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of treatment with zidovudine alone as compa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of influenza immunization on immunologic and virologic characteristics of pediatric patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · February 1997 OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the responses of HIV-infected children to a single dose of split-virus influenza vaccine and the relationship to viral load and other characteristics. METHODS: Fifty-three HIV-infected children ages 1.8 to 13.2 years were given inf ... Full text Link to item Cite

Stavudine(D4T, ZERIT™) sensitivities in clinical HIV isolates obtained from a pediatric population. Cynthia R Jackson 1,3 Cindy 1, Vayro 3

Journal Article Pediatric AIDS and HIV Infection · December 1, 1996 Stavudine (D4T. ZERIT™) is a nucteoside analog reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor of HIV RT that is approved for use in children and adults with symptomatic HIV infection unresponsive to prior therapy. We determined the pre-treatment 1C50 (con ... Cite

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of a large cohort of symptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants and children. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 152 Study Team.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · November 1996 BACKGROUND: A large cohort of antiretroviral therapy-naive, symptomatic, HIV-infected children were enrolled into a controlled therapeutic trial (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 152), providing an opportunity to describe their clinical and laboratory c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Perinatal HIV infection and the effect of zidovudine therapy on transmission in rural and urban counties.

Journal Article JAMA · May 15, 1996 OBJECTIVES: To assess health care providers' identification of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants, to ascertain the prevalence of transplacental or oral zidovudine treatment among infants exposed to HIV, and to estimate the impact of zidovu ... Link to item Cite

Administration of oral acyclovir suppressive therapy after neonatal herpes simplex virus disease limited to the skin, eyes and mouth: results of a phase I/II trial.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · March 1996 BACKGROUND: Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections limited to the skin, eyes and mouth (SEM) can result in neurologic impairment. A direct correlation exists between the development of neurologic deficits and the frequency of cutaneous HSV recurren ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antiretroviral therapy: evaluating the new era in HIV treatment.

Journal Article Adv Pediatr Infect Dis · 1996 Tools for evaluating antiretroviral therapy are still evolving. Key components are available such as the laboratory assays themselves, but results from these assays are being analyzed and presented inconsistently, making interstudy comparisons difficult or ... Link to item Cite

LONG-TERM SURVIVAL IN PEDIATRIC HIV

Journal Article PEDIATRIC RESEARCH · April 1, 1995 Link to item Cite

Growth delay, failure to thrive, and wasting in the HIV-infected child

Journal Article Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases · January 1, 1995 Full text Cite

Growth as a prognostic indicator in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection treated with zidovudine. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 043 Study Group.

Journal Article J Pediatr · November 1994 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To assess measures of growth as prognostic indicators in response to zidovudine treatment in children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed data from AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 043 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Growth and pediatric HIV infection

Journal Article Report on Pediatric Infectious Diseases · January 1, 1994 Cite

Growth as a prognostic indicator in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection treated with zidovudine

Journal Article Journal of Pediatrics · January 1, 1994 Objective: To assess measures of growth as prognostic indicators in response to zidovudine treatment in children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Methods: We retrospectively assessed data from AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 043 ... Full text Cite

Effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the growth of young children. Duke Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Unit.

Journal Article J Pediatr · October 1993 We retrospectively analyzed the growth of 170 children less than 25 1/2 months of age who were referred for evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody status. By the age of 4 months, the 62 HIV-infected children were significantly smaller th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Barriers to recognizing the role of child sexual abuse.

Journal Article Am J Dis Child · July 1993 The only reportable exposure categories for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of children are vertical transmission from an HIV-infected mother or receipt of infected blood or blood products. Although sexual transmission of HIV among adults is t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the growth of young children

Journal Article The Journal of Pediatrics · 1993 We retrospectively analyzed the growth of 170 children less than 25 1/2 months ofage who were referred for evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody status. By the age of 4 months, the 62 HIV-infected children were significantly smaller tha ... Cite

Phase I evaluation of zidovudine administered to infants exposed at birth to the human immunodeficiency virus.

Journal Article J Pediatr · January 1993 This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of zidovudine administered intravenously and orally to infants born to women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Thirty-two symptom-free infants were enrolled before 3 months o ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sexual abuse of human immunodeficiency virus-positive children. Outcomes for perpetrators and evaluation of other household children.

Journal Article Am J Dis Child · October 1992 OBJECTIVE: To obtain the following data that pertain to programs for the prevention of sexual abuse and sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to children: (1) to determine the prevalence of sexual abuse among siblings and other children ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lymphocyte subsets in children younger than 2 years old: normal values in a population at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection and diagnostic and prognostic application to infected children.

Journal Article Pediatr Infect Dis J · August 1992 Data were collected prospectively from 116 children younger than 2 years old who were seen at the Duke Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Unit for known human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity. Forty-six (40%) of these children were human immunodeficiency ... Link to item Cite

The introduction of human immunodeficiency virus into the North Carolina pediatric population.

Journal Article Pediatrics · July 1992 The authors reviewed the means by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity was acquired for the 134 seropositive children seen at Duke University Medical Center prior to September 1990. Perinatal transmission occurred in 111 (83%) and blood ... Link to item Cite

HIV-1 sensitivity to zidovudine and clinical outcome in children.

Journal Article Lancet · January 4, 1992 In adults with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, long-term monotherapy with zidovudine selects for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains with substantially reduced in-vitro susceptibility to the drug. We have assessed the relation betwe ... Full text Link to item Cite

The introduction of human immunodeficiency virus into the North Carolina pediatric population

Journal Article Pediatrics · January 1, 1992 The authors reviewed the means by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity was acquired for the 134 seropositive children seen at Duke University Medical Center prior to September 1990. Perinatal transmission occurred in 111 (83%) and blood ... Cite

A multicenter trial of oral zidovudine in children with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. The Protocol 043 Study Group.

Journal Article N Engl J Med · April 11, 1991 Featured Publication BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Zidovudine has been shown to be an effective antiretroviral treatment in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We examined the safety of zidovudine and the tolerance of and therapeutic response to the drug in 88 ... Full text Link to item Cite

Antiviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection in children.

Journal Article Pediatr Clin North Am · February 1991 Antiretroviral therapy for children is still at an early stage, although progress is being made slowly. Zidovudine administered at 180 mg/m2/dose every 6 hours is the current standard therapy for symptomatic children and those with low CD4 counts. This sta ... Full text Link to item Cite

Human immunodeficiency virus transmission by child sexual abuse.

Journal Article Am J Dis Child · February 1991 During 1987-1989, 14 (14.6%) of the 96 children who tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and were followed up by the Duke University (Durham, NC) pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome team were confirmed to have been sexually a ... Full text Link to item Cite

In Reply

Journal Article American Journal of Diseases of Children · January 1, 1991 Full text Cite

A multicenter trial of oral zidovudine in children with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease

Journal Article New England Journal of Medicine · 1991 Background and Methods. Zidovudine has been shown to be an effective antiretroviral treatment in adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We examined the safety of zidovudine and the tolerance of and therapeutic response to the drug in 88 ... Cite

Vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus infection

Journal Article Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · January 1, 1991 Full text Cite

Child sexual abuse and human immunodeficiency virus transmission [6]

Journal Article American Journal of Diseases of Children · 1991 Cite

Systemic Torulopsis glabrata infection in a neonate.

Journal Article South Med J · July 1990 We have reported a case of neonatal Torulopsis glabrata peritonitis and ventriculitis associated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Treatment of fungemia and ventriculitis with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine was successful. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Safety and tolerance of intermittent intravenous and oral zidovudine therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pediatric patients. Pediatric Zidovudine Phase I Study Group.

Journal Article J Pediatr · April 1990 Featured Publication Thirty-five children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection were enrolled in a 12-week, three-center phase I study of intravenous and oral zidovudine therapy. At enrollment the children ranged in age from 5 months to 13 years, with a media ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine administered intravenously and orally in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Journal Article J Pediatr · May 1989 Zidovudine pharmacokinetics were determined in 16 children with human immunodeficiency virus infection who were being treated intravenously and orally on an intermittent schedule (every 6 hours). The intravenous doses studied were 80 (n = 3), 120 (n = 4), ... Full text Link to item Cite

The poliovirus sensitivity (PVS) gene is on chromosome 19q12----q13.2.

Journal Article Genomics · August 1988 Sensitivity to nonmodified poliovirus infection is an autosomal dominant trait, specific to primates. The gene for poliovirus sensitivity (PVS) is encoded on human chromosome 19. In order to sublocalize the PVS gene, we infected rodent-human hybrid cell li ... Full text Link to item Cite

Chronic enteroviral meningoencephalitis in agammaglobulinemic patients.

Journal Article Rev Infect Dis · 1987 Patients with agammaglobulinemia are particularly susceptible to chronic enteroviral infections of the central nervous system. Data on 42 patients were obtained by literature review, communications with other physicians, and personal experiences. Thirty-ei ... Full text Link to item Cite

1110 URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CEREBRAL PALSY PATIENTS

Journal Article Pediatric Research · April 1985 Full text Cite

Emotional complications of adolescent grand mal epilepsy.

Journal Article J Pediatr · August 1979 Adolescents who have grand mal epilepsy and their parents were interviewed, and the adolescents were evaluated neurologically. Better seizure control and less neurologic disability were unexpectedly associated with less open communication between the adole ... Full text Link to item Cite

Emotional complications of adolescent grand mal epilepsy

Journal Article Journal of Pediatrics · 1979 Adolescents who have grand mal epilepsy and their parents were interviewed, and the adolescents were evaluated neurologically. Better seizure control and less neurologic disability were unexpectedly associated with less open communication between the adole ... Full text Cite