Scholars@Duke
Xiaoyin Jiang

Xiaoyin Jiang

Adjunct Professor in the Department of Pathology
Pathology
Box 3712 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
Rm 3417 Duke Hospital South, Durham, NC 27710

Selected Publications

The 1000 Mitoses Project: A Consensus-Based International Collaborative Study on Mitotic Figures Classification.

Journal Article Int J Surg Pathol · December 2024 Introduction. The identification of mitotic figures is essential for the diagnosis, grading, and classification of various different tumors. Despite its importance, there is a paucity of literature reporting the consistency in interpreting mitotic figures ... Full text Link to item Cite

Is Social Media Here to Stay?: Survey Results Indicate Increasing Pathologist Interest and Engagement Over Time.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · October 1, 2024 CONTEXT.—: Social media has become widely adopted by pathologists and other physicians for professional purposes. While engagement has likely increased over time, there remain few concrete data regarding attitudes toward its use. OBJECTIVE.—: To assess pat ... Full text Link to item Cite

The negative outlook: Long-term follow up of ThyroSeq negative and low-risk nodules.

Journal Article Cancer Cytopathol · October 2024 BACKGROUND: Molecular testing of thyroid nodules is an essential tool to help risk stratify nodules with indeterminate cytology. Although ThyroSeq testing has been around for over a decade, there is a paucity of long-term follow-up data on cytologically in ... Full text Link to item Cite

Virtual Pathology Elective, Real Education: The PathElective.com Experience as a Model for Novel Pathology Pedagogy and a Primer for Curricular Evolution.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · May 1, 2024 CONTEXT: PathElective.com was created in response to the pandemic's restrictions on interactions with trainees, and since has been incorporated into many training programs worldwide, serving as a unique means of delivering high-quality pathology and labora ... Full text Link to item Cite

How do cytopathologists learn fine needle aspiration techniques? An international survey.

Journal Article Cytopathology · December 26, 2023 INTRODUCTION: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely accepted diagnostic technique, but performance varies according to expertise. Little is known about variation in FNAC training practices worldwide. We surveyed pathologists using social media ... Full text Link to item Cite

Innovations: Virtual Pathology Recruitment.

Journal Article Cancer Cytopathol · April 2023 Full text Link to item Cite

Pathologist-performed ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsies of extrathyroidal sites: An observational study.

Journal Article Diagn Cytopathol · April 2023 BACKGROUND: Pathologist-performed ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (USFNA) biopsies have become an increasingly important component of the interventional cytopathologist's toolbox. However, its application varies between institutions, and there is ... Full text Link to item Cite

Top Ten Oncocytic Head and Neck Lesions to Contemplate.

Journal Article Head Neck Pathol · March 2023 BACKGROUND: Oncocytes are a component of many metaplastic and neoplastic lesions throughout the head and neck area, primarily originating in salivary/seromucinous glands and the thyroid gland. In addition, other lesions can contain cells that mimic oncocyt ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ancillary Studies for Salivary Gland Cytology

Chapter · January 1, 2023 Precise cytological classification of salivary gland tumors based on cytomorphology alone is possible for many commonly encountered lesions; however, there are challenges for the cytologic diagnosis of some uncommon entities due to their cytomorphological ... Full text Cite

Juxtametallic Bipolar Bone Radiofrequency Ablation: Thermal Monitoring in an Ex-Vivo Model with Specimen MRI and Histopathologic Correlation.

Journal Article J Vasc Interv Radiol · December 2022 PURPOSE: To measure the ablation zone temperature and nontarget tissue temperature during radiofrequency (RF) ablation in bone containing metal instrumentation versus no metal instrumentation (control group). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ex vivo experiments were ... Full text Link to item Cite

Teaching interventional cytopathology.

Journal Article Semin Diagn Pathol · November 2022 Interventional cytopathology is a unique area of pathology, where cytopathologists play a primary role in obtaining fine needle aspiration biopsies and/or making determinations through rapid on-site evaluations to guide sample procurement in real-time. Uns ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pathology Engagement in Global Health: Survey Data of Global Pathology Interest and Barriers.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · November 1, 2022 CONTEXT.—: Although pathology is essential to almost every practice in medicine, laboratory medicine professionals do not routinely volunteer in global health practice. OBJECTIVE.—: To gather information about the experience and interest levels of the path ... Full text Link to item Cite

Remission of progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer during abiraterone therapy following unilateral adrenalectomy for a functioning adrenal adenoma.

Journal Article BMJ Case Rep · October 5, 2022 Despite advances and introduction of new therapies in the last decade, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has a poor prognosis. The development of androgen axis-targeted therapies such as abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and darolutam ... Full text Link to item Cite

Crystals and crystalloids in cytopathology: Incidence and importance.

Journal Article Cancer Cytopathol · October 2022 Many crystals and crystal-like structures may be encountered in cytopathology practice and can represent both beautiful novelties and diagnostic aids. The authors present an organ-specific review of the published literature on crystals combined with person ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pathologist-performed ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations of the thyroid: A single institution observational study.

Journal Article Cancer Cytopathol · September 2022 BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies (USFNAs) are increasingly performed by pathologists. This study was designed to assess the diagnostic yield and characterization of thyroid nodules biopsied at a teaching hospital setting in whi ... Full text Link to item Cite

A multiple instance learning approach for detecting COVID-19 in peripheral blood smears.

Journal Article PLOS Digit Health · August 2022 A wide variety of diseases are commonly diagnosed via the visual examination of cell morphology within a peripheral blood smear. For certain diseases, such as COVID-19, morphological impact across the multitude of blood cell types is still poorly understoo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Performance of repeat cytology with reflex ThyroSeq genomic classifier for indeterminant thyroid cytology.

Journal Article Cancer Cytopathol · June 2022 BACKGROUND: The American Thyroid Association recommends either repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) or molecular testing (eg, ThyroSeq) of Bethesda category III (atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance [AUS ... Full text Link to item Cite

COVID-19 pandemic impact on cytopathology practice in the post-lockdown period: An international, multicenter study.

Journal Article Cancer Cytopathol · May 2022 BACKGROUND: In a previous worldwide survey, the authors showed a drastic reduction in the number of cytological specimens processed during the coronavirus disease 2019 "lockdown" period along with an increase in malignancy rates. To assess the continued im ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pre-existing Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer-like Cells in Primary Prostate Cancer Promote Resistance to Hormonal Therapy.

Journal Article Eur Urol · May 2022 BACKGROUND: Hormonal therapy targeting the androgen receptor inhibits prostate cancer (PCa), but the tumor eventually recurs as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). OBJECTIVE: To understand the mechanisms by which subclones within early PCa develop ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Excellence Available Everywhere: The Virtual Pathology Grand Rounds Experience.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · October 13, 2021 OBJECTIVES: The goal is to describe the use of a virtual platform in the delivery of Virtual Pathology Grand Rounds (VPGR) and discuss the overall experience from the perspective of hosts, speakers, and participants. METHODS: Zoom was a natural choice for ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Implementation and Effectiveness of PathElective.com.

Journal Article Acad Pathol · 2021 The COVID-19 pandemic put most in-person pathology electives on-hold as departments adapted to changes in education and patient care. To address the subsequent void in pathology education, we created a free, virtual, modular, and high-quality pathology ele ... Full text Link to item Cite

Global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cytopathology practice: Results from an international survey of laboratories in 23 countries.

Journal Article Cancer Cytopathol · December 2020 BACKGROUND: To the authors' knowledge, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cytopathology practices worldwide has not been investigated formally. In the current study, data from 41 respondents from 23 countries were reported. M ... Full text Link to item Cite

Social media in academics and research: 21st-century tools to turbocharge education, collaboration, and dissemination of research findings.

Journal Article Histopathology · November 2020 The near-ubiquitous use of smartphones and the rapid emergence of free, widely used, social media platforms have combined to turbocharge the dissemination of information at a scale and speed that would have been unimaginable just a few years ago. Increasin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Conducting a Pathology Research Study, From Start to Finish.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · September 1, 2020 CONTEXT.—: Many pathologists-in-training enter residency or fellowship with either no formal experience in research or with a basic science research background that may not translate well to research in the realm of diagnostic pathology, including surgical ... Full text Link to item Cite

Leveraging Technology for Remote Learning in the Era of COVID-19 and Social Distancing.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · September 1, 2020 The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly disrupted traditional modes of operation in health care and education. In March 2020, institutions in the United States began to implement a range of policies to discourage dire ... Full text Link to item Cite

High-risk and intermediate-high-risk results from the ThyroSeq v2 and v3 thyroid genomic classifier are associated with neoplasia: Independent performance assessment at an academic institution.

Journal Article Cancer Cytopathol · August 2020 BACKGROUND: The ThyroSeq panel tests for genetic alterations to risk-stratify cytologically indeterminate nodules. The authors assessed the test performance of the tests, including the latest version (v3), at an academic center. METHODS: Results from Thyro ... Full text Link to item Cite

#FNAFriday: How cytopathologists learn, teach, and share knowledge on Twitter.

Journal Article Diagn Cytopathol · August 2020 BACKGROUND: Twitter is an expanding social media network among cytopathologists to share knowledge. Tweets are made up of text which may also include images or video. All tweets labeled under a hashtag can be tracked. The #FNAFriday hashtag was created in ... Full text Link to item Cite

#EBUSTwitter: Novel Use of Social Media for Conception, Coordination, and Completion of an International, Multicenter Pathology Study.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · July 1, 2020 CONTEXT.—: Social media sites are increasingly used for education, networking, and rapid dissemination of medical information, but their utility for facilitating research has remained largely untapped. OBJECTIVE.—: To describe in detail our experience usin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features and the risk of malignancy in The Bethesda System for the Reporting of Thyroid Cytopathology.

Journal Article Diagn Cytopathol · June 2020 INTRODUCTION: The Bethesda System for the Reporting of Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) is used to categorize and diagnose thyroid nodules by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Each category in TBSRTC is associated with an estimated risk of malignancy (RO ... Full text Link to item Cite

Hurthle cell predominance impacts results of Afirma gene expression classifier and ThyroSeq molecular panel performance in indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Journal Article Diagn Cytopathol · November 2019 BACKGROUND: Molecular tests such as the Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC) and mutational panels (such as ThyroSeq) have been introduced to help risk stratify cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules with the aim to reduce the number of unnecessary ... Full text Link to item Cite

USING THE ATA AND ACR TI-RADS SONOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATIONS AS ADJUNCTIVE PREDICTORS OF MALIGNANCY FOR INDETERMINATE THYROID NODULES.

Journal Article Endocr Pract · September 2019 Objective: Thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology pose management challenges in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of ultrasound features in navigating clinical decision making in thyroid nodules with indeterminate ... Full text Link to item Cite

Innovations: Brave new worlds.

Journal Article Cancer Cytopathol · August 2019 Full text Link to item Cite

Negative Results on Thyroid Molecular Testing Decrease Rates of Surgery for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules.

Journal Article Endocr Pathol · June 2019 Molecular tests and mutational panels such as Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) and ThyroSeq, respectively, have been used to help risk stratify cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules with the aim to reduce unnecessary surgeries. We studied the ... Full text Link to item Cite

A novel simulator model and standardized assessment tools for fine needle aspiration cytology training.

Journal Article Diagn Cytopathol · April 2019 OBJECTIVES: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is an invaluable diagnostic procedure for evaluation of lesions; however, acquisition of diagnostic material is dependent on the skill of the practitioner. We report a novel patient simulator for teaching the FNA pr ... Full text Link to item Cite

Giving and Receiving Effective Feedback: A Review Article and How-To Guide.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · February 2019 CONTEXT.—: Feedback is the delivery of information based on direct observation that is meant to improve performance. Learning is at the heart of feedback, and as such, feedback is a required competency in pathology resident education. In the laboratory set ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular testing for indeterminate thyroid nodules: Performance of the Afirma gene expression classifier and ThyroSeq panel.

Journal Article Cancer Cytopathol · July 2018 BACKGROUND: The ThyroSeq mutational panel and Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC) are used to risk stratify cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. In the current study, the authors evaluated the performance of these tests within the context of ul ... Full text Link to item Cite

Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Practice Patterns

Journal Article AJSP: Reviews and Reports · July 1, 2018 How ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (USFNA) is performed in the United States varies considerably among institutions. The critical role of the cytopathologist for diagnosis is indisputable, although the degree of collaboration with other specialti ... Full text Cite

Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodules: Pearls and Potential

Journal Article AJSP: Reviews and Reports · July 1, 2018 Thyroid nodules are a commonplace clinical problem. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy is often the first step in the diagnosis and management of these nodules. We provide a review of technical considerations, performance, and techniques for t ... Full text Cite

Lymph Node Fine-Needle Aspiration: 2 Cases Demonstrating Benefits of Ultrasound Guidance

Journal Article AJSP: Reviews and Reports · July 1, 2018 Pathologist performed fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies yield high adequacy rates, result in effective triage of material for additional studies, and offer a minimally invasive method for tissue procurement. Ultrasound-guided FNA (US-FNA) expands the s ... Full text Cite

Creating Custom Phantoms for Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Training

Journal Article AJSP: Reviews and Reports · July 1, 2018 Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) is superior to conventional fine-needle aspiration biopsies and when performed by cytopathologists yields higher diagnostic rates than when performed by nonpathologists. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspira ... Full text Cite

An update on noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features.

Journal Article Curr Opin Oncol · January 2018 PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been established in the literature as a clinically indolent tumor. Despite this, it was traditionally treated like all other PTCs. In an attempt to redu ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of the Afirma Gene Expression Classifier in Repeat Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · July 2017 CONTEXT: - Molecular testing in indeterminate thyroid nodules is a rapidly evolving field with variable reported outcomes. OBJECTIVE: - To report our experience at a tertiary thyroid referral center with the Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (Veracyte, San ... Full text Link to item Cite

The professional Twitter account: creation, proper maintenance, and continuous successful operation.

Journal Article Diagn Cytopathol · July 2017 Social networking platforms have created a unique venue for pathologists and associated stakeholders to communicate and share information in a rapidly proliferating field. Among the myriad of available platforms, Twitter has become one of the most widely a ... Full text Link to item Cite

#InSituPathologists: how the #USCAP2015 meeting went viral on Twitter and founded the social media movement for the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology.

Journal Article Mod Pathol · February 2017 Professional medical conferences over the past five years have seen an enormous increase in the use of Twitter in real-time, also known as "live-tweeting". At the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology (USCAP) 2015 annual meeting, 24 attendees (th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features: An Evidence-Based Nomenclature Change.

Journal Article Patholog Res Int · 2017 A consensus panel recently used clinical evidence and pathologic parameters to rename noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma to noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) to bett ... Full text Link to item Cite

The utility of thyroglobulin washout studies in predicting cervical lymph node metastases: One academic medical center's experience.

Journal Article Diagn Cytopathol · December 2016 BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is useful for evaluating cervical lymph nodes for metastases from thyroid carcinomas. Reports have illustrated that with application of standardized technique and appropriate cutoffs, thyroglobulin (TG) wa ... Full text Link to item Cite

Young Investigator Challenge: Molecular testing in noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features.

Journal Article Cancer Cytopathol · December 2016 BACKGROUND: Molecular testing provides an important ancillary study for thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. The nomenclature shift to "noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features" (NIFTP) will impact the performanc ... Full text Link to item Cite

A Rare Case of Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus of the Mandible.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open · December 2016 Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune-mediated mucocutaneous disease associated with an increased risk in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Nearly all cases of malignant transformation have been reported in patients >40 years old. We report the case of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Hürthle cell carcinoma: current perspectives.

Journal Article Onco Targets Ther · 2016 Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) can present either as a minimally invasive or as a widely invasive tumor. HCC generally has a more aggressive clinical behavior compared with the other differentiated thyroid cancers, and it is associated with a higher rate of ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

LGR5 is associated with tumor aggressiveness in papillary thyroid cancer.

Journal Article Oncotarget · October 27, 2015 PURPOSE: Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a cancer stem cell marker and a down-stream target in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), over activation of Wnt/β-catenin has been associated with ... Full text Link to item Cite

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the gallbladder diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA).

Journal Article J Gastrointest Oncol · April 2015 Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare entity that can exist independently or in conjunction with underlying plasma cell myeloma (PCM). When there is underlying multiple myeloma, the presence of EMP portends a poor prognosis. The most common locations ... Full text Link to item Cite

Vaginal cuff thermal injury by mode of colpotomy at total laparoscopic hysterectomy: a randomized clinical trial.

Conference J Minim Invasive Gynecol · February 2015 STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if the use of Valleylab mode ("V mode") (Covidien, Mansfield, MA) electrothermal energy for colpotomy during total laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) results in a smaller margin of thermal injury to the upper vagina compared with t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pleomorphic liposarcoma: a cytologic study of five cases.

Journal Article Diagn Cytopathol · February 2015 Pleomorphic liposarcoma represents one of the rarest variants of liposarcoma. It has a poor prognosis and unlike other variants of liposarcoma, lacks a molecular or genetic signature. Histologic studies of pleomorphic liposarcoma have defined this lesion a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Rhabdomyosarcomatous Transformation of a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor following Treatment with Imatinib.

Journal Article Case Rep Oncol Med · 2015 Rhabdomyosarcomatous dedifferentiation of GIST following tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is rare, with only a handful of cases previously reported in the literature. Herein we present a case of metastatic GIST initially treated with imatinib that d ... Full text Link to item Cite

Clear cell chondrosarcoma: Cytologic findings in six cases.

Journal Article Diagn Cytopathol · September 2014 Clear cell chondrosarcoma (CCCS) is a rare variant of chondrosarcoma characterized, in most instances, by indolent behavior and a long interval to progression of disease. CCCS commonly occurs in adult individuals and has a proclivity for the epiphysis of l ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gastroesophageal heterotopia and HER2/neu overexpression in an adenocarcinoma arising from a small bowel duplication.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · March 2014 Small bowel duplications are congenital structures commonly lined by heterotopic gastric or pancreatic mucosa. Though benign in children, small bowel duplications have the potential for malignant degeneration in adulthood. Here, we present the first report ... Full text Link to item Cite

O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) immunohistochemistry as a predictor of resistance to temozolomide in primary CNS lymphoma.

Journal Article J Neurooncol · August 2013 Temozolomide, an alkylating agent, has shown promise in treating primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). The enzyme O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) repairs alkylating damage, such as that induced by temozolomide. We hypothesized th ... Full text Link to item Cite

Lymph node infarction: role of underlying malignancy, tumour proliferation fraction and vascular compromise--a study of 35 cases and a comprehensive review of the literature.

Journal Article Histopathology · January 2013 AIMS:   To determine the roles of the presence of malignancy, tumour proliferation fraction, vascular compromise and therapeutic and diagnostic manipulations in lymph node infarction (LNI). METHODS AND RESULTS:   Thirty-five cases of LNI were identified ov ... Full text Link to item Cite

Handoffs in the era of duty hours reform: a focused review and strategy to address changes in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Common Program Requirements.

Journal Article Acad Med · April 2012 With changes in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Common Program Requirements related to transitions in care effective July 1, 2011, sponsoring institutions and training programs must develop a common structure for transition ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phase II trial of temozolomide (TMZ) plus irinotecan (CPT-11) in adults with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme before radiotherapy.

Journal Article J Neurooncol · December 2009 This phase II trial evaluated efficacy and safety of temozolomide (TMZ) in combination with irinotecan (CPT-11) before radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Prior to radiotherapy, patients were treated with a maximum ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phase 1 trial of temozolomide plus irinotecan plus O6-benzylguanine in adults with recurrent malignant glioma.

Journal Article Cancer · July 1, 2009 BACKGROUND: The current study was a phase 1 clinical trial conducted with patients who had recurrent or progressive malignant glioma (MG). The trial was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity of irinotecan (CPT-11) when adminis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phase II trial of temozolomide plus o6-benzylguanine in adults with recurrent, temozolomide-resistant malignant glioma.

Journal Article J Clin Oncol · March 10, 2009 PURPOSE: This phase II trial was designed to define the role of O(6)-benzylguanine (O(6)-BG) in restoring temozolomide sensitivity in patients with recurrent or progressive, temozolomide-resistant malignant glioma and to evaluate the safety of administerin ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phase II trial of Gliadel plus O6-benzylguanine in adults with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.

Journal Article Clin Cancer Res · February 1, 2009 PURPOSE: This phase II trial was designed to define the efficacy of Gliadel wafers in combination with an infusion of O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) that suppresses tumor O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) levels in patients with recurrent glioblastoma m ... Full text Link to item Cite