Sarah Elizabeth Gaither
Assistant Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience
Humans are fundamentally social beings, and their interactions represent a core aspect of human nature. My research focuses on how individuals’ social identities and experiences across the lifespan motivate their social perceptions and behaviors particularly in diverse settings.
More specifically I am interested in three main questions:
1) how intergroup contact shapes interracial interaction outcomes for both racial majority and racial minority individuals
2) how having multiple racial or social identities more broadly affects various types of behavior including complex thinking, social behavior, and identity malleability
3) what contexts in particular may influence how people perceive or socially categorize each other across group boundaries
Therefore, the overall goal of my research program is to investigate the attitudinal and behavioral effects stemming from exposure to racial and gender diversity as a means to pinpoint pathways that one can utilize to foster more positive group relations for both adult and child populations. By exploring the developmental origins of social identity and intergroup perceptions we can pinpoint some of the antecedents that predict adult behavior in diverse settings.
More specifically I am interested in three main questions:
1) how intergroup contact shapes interracial interaction outcomes for both racial majority and racial minority individuals
2) how having multiple racial or social identities more broadly affects various types of behavior including complex thinking, social behavior, and identity malleability
3) what contexts in particular may influence how people perceive or socially categorize each other across group boundaries
Therefore, the overall goal of my research program is to investigate the attitudinal and behavioral effects stemming from exposure to racial and gender diversity as a means to pinpoint pathways that one can utilize to foster more positive group relations for both adult and child populations. By exploring the developmental origins of social identity and intergroup perceptions we can pinpoint some of the antecedents that predict adult behavior in diverse settings.
Current Research Interests
Dr. Gaither's research focuses broadly on how a person’s social identities and experiences across the lifespan motivate their social perceptions and behaviors in diverse settings. More specifically, she studies how contact with diverse others shapes social interactions, how having multiple social identities and malleable social identities affects different types of behavior and categorizations of others, and what contexts shape the development of social perceptions and biases from childhood through adulthood.
Current Appointments & Affiliations
- Assistant Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychology & Neuroscience, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences 2016
- Affiliate of the Center for Child and Family Policy, Center for Child and Family Policy, Sanford School of Public Policy 2023
Contact Information
- 417 Chapel Drive, 324 Reuben-Cooke Building, Durham, NC 27708
- 417 Chapel Hill Dr, Box 90086, Durham, NC 27708
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sarah.gaither@duke.edu
(919) 660-5721
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Duke Identity & Diversity Lab
- Background
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Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Tufts University 2014
- M.S., Tufts University 2009
- B.A., University of California - Berkeley 2007
- Recognition
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In the News
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MAR 7, 2023 Duke Research Blog -
DEC 13, 2021 Psychology and Neuroscience -
APR 9, 2021 -
JAN 28, 2021 -
MAR 20, 2020 -
DEC 6, 2019 -
DEC 18, 2017 -
AUG 24, 2017 Duke Magazine -
JUN 30, 2017
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- Expertise
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Subject Headings
- Research
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Selected Grants
- Multiple Identity Mindsets and Intergroup Interactions: A Dual Pathway Model awarded by National Science Foundation 2022 - 2026
- REU Site: Lifespan Approaches to Diverse Psychological Science awarded by National Science Foundation 2020 - 2023
- Collaborative Research: Replicating Prejudice and Stereotyping Findings in Developmental Psychology awarded by National Science Foundation 2017 - 2021
- Cross-Group Roommate Experiences on Increasingly Diverse Campuses awarded by Spencer Foundation 2018 - 2019
- Unacknowledged Identities and Health Outcomes for Biracial and Bicultural Individuals awarded by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 2017 - 2018
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Fellowships, Supported Research, & Other Grants
- Social identity and mental health: Minimizing barriers to positive well-being in college settings awarded by Charles Lafitte Foundation Program in Psychological Research at Duke University 2019
- Writing and ReseArch Productive (WRAP) Group for Black Faculty awarded by Office of Faculty Advancement 2019
- Big Data and Social Interactions awarded by Intellectual Community Planning Grant, Duke Interdisciplinary Studies 2019
- Social, Cognitive, and Behavioral Responses to Identity Threat awarded by Charles Lafitte Foundation Program in Psychological Research at Duke University 2018
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External Relationships
- Davidson College
- Hashi Corporation
- Learning Solutions
- Penn State University
- Syracuse University and Central New York Humanities Corridor
- Publications & Artistic Works
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Selected Publications
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Academic Articles
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Levy, Aharon, Christine Nguyen, Michael L. Slepian, Sarah Gaither, Kristin Pauker, and John F. Dovidio. “Categorizing a Face and Facing a Category: The Constructive Impacts of Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Racial Categorization.” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 49, no. 6 (June 2023): 910–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221084537.Full Text
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Chen, E. E., S. Ma, M. Bala, J. M. Groves, and S. E. Gaither. “Do we perceive ethnic ingroup members as wealthier? Examining Hong Kong children's inferences of wealth status based on resources and ethnic group membership.” Cognitive Development 66 (April 1, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2023.101334.Full Text
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Stanaland, Adam, Sarah Gaither, and Anna Gassman-Pines. “When Is Masculinity "Fragile"? An Expectancy-Discrepancy-Threat Model of Masculine Identity.” Personality and Social Psychology Review : An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc, January 2023, 10888683221141176. https://doi.org/10.1177/10888683221141176.Full Text
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Suh, Y., J. D. Perlin, A. F. Turner, A. L. West, and S. E. Gaither. “The good life in cultural context: Examining Asian young adults’ psychological well-being and narratives of negative experiences.” Journal of Research in Personality 101 (December 1, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104282.Full Text
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Walker, D Catherine, Sarah E. Gaither, Bonelyn De Los Santos, Jessica Keigan, Lauren M. Schaefer, and J Kevin Thompson. “Development and validation of a measure of curvy ideals internalization.” Body Image 43 (December 2022): 217–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.005.Full Text
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Leslie, G. J., N. Masuoka, S. E. Gaither, J. D. Remedios, and A. Chyei Vinluan. “Voter Evaluations of Biracial‐Identified Political Candidates.” Social Sciences 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11040171.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E., and J. P. Sims. “How Cross-Discipline Understanding and Communication Can Improve Research on Multiracial Populations.” Social Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/SOCSCI11030090.Full Text
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Rosenfeld, Daniel L., Emily Balcetis, Brock Bastian, Elliot T. Berkman, Jennifer K. Bosson, Tiffany N. Brannon, Anthony L. Burrow, et al. “Psychological Science in the Wake of COVID-19: Social, Methodological, and Metascientific Considerations.” Perspectives on Psychological Science : A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science 17, no. 2 (March 2022): 311–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691621999374.Full Text
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Ruba, Ashley L., Ryan McMurty, Sarah E. Gaither, and Makeba Parramore Wilbourn. “How White American Children Develop Racial Biases in Emotion Reasoning.” Affective Science 3, no. 1 (March 2022): 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-022-00111-y.Full Text
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Gaither, Sarah E., Chun-Man Chen, Samantha Neal, and Sarina Hui-Lin Chien. “Children's cross-cultural categorizations of racially ambiguous faces in Taiwan and the U.S.” Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, January 2022. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000513.Full Text
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Meyers, C., S. E. Gaither, J. Remedios, and K. Pauker. “Detecting biracial identity strength: Perceived phenotypicality is inaccurate.” Self and Identity, January 1, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2022.2146742.Full Text
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Paul, M., S. E. Gaither, and W. Darity. “About Face: Seeing Class and Race.” Journal of Economic Issues 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2022.2008750.Full Text
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Rozek, C. S., and S. E. Gaither. “Not Quite White or Black: Biracial Students’ Perceptions of Threat and Belonging Across School Contexts.” Journal of Early Adolescence 41, no. 9 (November 1, 2021): 1308–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431620950476.Full Text
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Stanaland, Adam, and Sarah Gaither. “"Be a Man": The Role of Social Pressure in Eliciting Men's Aggressive Cognition.” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 47, no. 11 (November 2021): 1596–1611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220984298.Full Text
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Albuja, Analia, Brenda Straka, Monica Desjardins, Harry Scott Swartzwelder, and Sarah Gaither. “Alcohol use and related consequences for monoracial and multiracial Native American/American Indian college students.” Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 29, no. 5 (October 2021): 487–500. https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000475.Full Text Link to Item
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Straka, B. C., A. Stanaland, M. Tomasello, and S. E. Gaither. “Who can be in a group? 3- to 5-year-old children construe realistic social groups through mutual intentionality.” Cognitive Development 60 (October 1, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2021.101097.Full Text
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Young, Danielle M., Diana T. Sanchez, Kristin Pauker, and Sarah E. Gaither. “A Meta-Analytic Review of Hypodescent Patterns in Categorizing Multiracial and Racially Ambiguous Targets.” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 47, no. 5 (May 2021): 705–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220941321.Full Text
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Leer, Jane, Sarah Gaither, and Anna Gassman-Pines. “Behavioral science interventions: Integrating the decision task, context, and individual differences to inform policy.” Translational Issues in Psychological Science 7, no. 1 (March 2021): 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000243.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Ng, Stephanie, Yining Liu, Sarah Gaither, Samuel Marsan, and Nancy Zucker. “The clash of culture and cuisine: A qualitative exploration of cultural tensions and attitudes toward food and body in Chinese young adult women.” Int J Eat Disord 54, no. 2 (February 2021): 174–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23459.Full Text Link to Item
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Herrmann, S. D., M. E. W. Varnum, B. C. Straka, and S. E. Gaither. “Social Class Identity Integration and Success for First-Generation College Students: Antecedents, Mechanisms, and Generalizability.” Self and Identity, January 1, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2021.1924251.Full Text
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Tsai, A., B. Straka, and S. Gaither. “Mixed-heritage individuals’ encounters with raciolinguistic ideologies.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, January 1, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2021.1904964.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E., J. M. Chen, and N. Rule. “Perceptions and experiences of (people with) unconventional identities.” Self and Identity 20, no. 5 (January 1, 2021): 587–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2020.1711802.Full Text
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Gaither, Sarah, Chun-Man Chen, Samantha Neal, and Sarina Hui-Lin Chien. “Children’s cross-cultural categorizations of racially ambiguous faces in Taiwan and the U.S.,” 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ydazv.Full Text
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Herrmann, Sarah, Michael Varnum, Brenda Straka, and Sarah Gaither. “Social Class Identity Integration and Success for First-Generation College Students: Antecedents, Mechanisms, and Generalizability,” 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/v98sn.Full Text
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Paul, Mark, Sarah Gaither, and William Darity. “About Face: Seeing Class and Race,” 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/s3bcq.Full Text
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Straka, Brenda, Adam Stanaland, Michael Tomasello, and Sarah Gaither. “Who Can Be in a Group? 3- to 5-Year-Old Children Construe Realistic Social Groups Through Mutual Intentionality,” 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ch56b.Full Text
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Straka, Brenda, Analia Albuja, Monica Desjardins, Scott Swartzwelder, and Sarah Gaither. “Alcohol Use and Related Consequences for Monoracial and Multiracial Native American/American Indian College students,” 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/hcve5.Full Text
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Tsai, Aurora, Brenda Straka, and Sarah Gaither. “Mixed-Heritage Individuals’ Encounters with Raciolinguistic Ideologies,” 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/znkxw.Full Text
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Albuja, Analia F., Diana T. Sanchez, and Sarah E. Gaither. “Intra-race intersectionality: Identity denial among dual-minority biracial people.” Translational Issues in Psychological Science 6, no. 4 (December 2020): 392–403. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000264.Full Text
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Sanchez, D. T., S. E. Gaither, A. F. Albuja, and Z. Eddy. “How Policies Can Address Multiracial Stigma.” Policy Insights From the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 115–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732220943906.Full Text
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Straka, B. C., S. E. Gaither, S. K. Acheson, and H. S. Swartzwelder. ““Mixed” Drinking Motivations: A Comparison of Majority, Multiracial, and Minority College Students.” Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, no. 5 (July 1, 2020): 676–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619883294.Full Text
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Meyers, Chanel, Katherine Aumer, Acachia Schoniwitz, Cortney Janicki, Kristin Pauker, Edward C. Chang, Sarah E. Gaither, and Amanda Williams. “Experiences with microaggressions and discrimination in racially diverse and homogeneously white contexts.” Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology 26, no. 2 (April 2020): 250–59. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000293.Full Text
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Skinner, Allison L., Sylvia P. Perry, and Sarah Gaither. “Not Quite Monoracial: Biracial Stereotypes Explored.” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 3 (March 2020): 377–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167219858344.Full Text
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Gaither, Sarah E., Joshua D. Perlin, and Stacey N. Doan. “Race, Gender, and the Development of Cross-Race Egalitarianism.” Frontiers in Psychology 11 (January 2020): 1525. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01525.Full Text
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Gaither, Sarah E., Samantha P. Fan, and Katherine D. Kinzler. “Thinking about multiple identities boosts children's flexible thinking.” Developmental Science 23, no. 1 (January 2020): e0012871. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12871.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Stanaland, Adam, and Sarah Gaither. ““Be a Man”: The Role of Social Pressure in Eliciting Men’s Aggressive Cognition,” 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5wxtf.Full Text
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Albuja, A. F., S. E. Gaither, D. T. Sanchez, B. Straka, and R. Cipollina. “Psychophysiological Stress Responses to Bicultural and Biracial Identity Denial.” Journal of Social Issues 75, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 1165–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12347.Full Text
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Albuja, A. F., D. T. Sanchez, and S. E. Gaither. “Identity Questioning: Antecedents and Consequences of Prejudice Attributions.” Journal of Social Issues 75, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 515–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12322.Full Text
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Gomez, E. M., D. M. Young, A. G. Preston, L. S. Wilton, S. E. Gaither, and C. R. Kaiser. “Loss and loyalty: Change in political and gender identity among Clinton supporters after the 2016 U.S. presidential election.” Self and Identity 18, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 103–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2017.1391873.Full Text
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Albuja, Analia F., Diana T. Sanchez, and Sarah E. Gaither. “Identity Denied: Comparing American or White Identity Denial and Psychological Health Outcomes Among Bicultural and Biracial People.” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 3 (March 2019): 416–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218788553.Full Text
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Gaither, Sarah E., Jacqueline M. Chen, Kristin Pauker, and Samuel R. Sommers. “At face value: Psychological outcomes differ for real vs. computer-generated multiracial faces.” The Journal of Social Psychology 159, no. 5 (January 2019): 592–610. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2018.1538929.Full Text
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Gaither, Sarah E., Negin R. Toosi, Laura G. Babbitt, and Samuel R. Sommers. “Exposure to Biracial Faces Reduces Colorblindness.” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 1 (January 2019): 54–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218778012.Full Text
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Loyd, A. B., and S. E. Gaither. “Racial/ethnic socialization for White youth: What we know and future directions.” Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 59 (November 1, 2018): 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2018.05.004.Full Text
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Chen, Eva E., Kathleen H. Corriveau, Veronica K. W. Lai, Sze Long Poon, and Sarah E. Gaither. “Learning and Socializing Preferences in Hong Kong Chinese Children.” Child Development 89, no. 6 (November 2018): 2109–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13083.Full Text Open Access Copy
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Chen, J. M., K. Pauker, S. E. Gaither, D. L. Hamilton, and J. W. Sherman. “Black + White = Not White: A minority bias in categorizations of Black-White multiracials.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 78 (September 1, 2018): 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.05.002.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E. “The multiplicity of belonging: Pushing identity research beyond binary thinking.” Self and Identity 17, no. 4 (July 4, 2018): 443–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2017.1412343.Full Text
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Albuja, A. F., D. T. Sanchez, and S. E. Gaither. “Fluid racial presentation: Perceptions of contextual “passing” among biracial people.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 77 (July 1, 2018): 132–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.04.010.Full Text
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Pauker, K., C. Meyers, D. T. Sanchez, S. E. Gaither, and D. M. Young. “A review of multiracial malleability: Identity, categorization, and shifting racial attitudes.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12392.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E., E. P. Apfelbaum, H. J. Birnbaum, L. G. Babbitt, and S. R. Sommers. “Mere Membership in Racially Diverse Groups Reduces Conformity.” Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 4 (May 1, 2018): 402–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617708013.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E., L. G. Babbitt, and S. R. Sommers. “Resolving racial ambiguity in social interactions.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 76 (May 1, 2018): 259–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.03.003.Full Text
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Babbitt, L. G., S. E. Gaither, N. R. Toosi, and S. R. Sommers. “The role of gender in racial meta-stereotypes and stereotypes.” Social Cognition 36, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 589–601. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2018.36.5.589.Full Text
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Dukes, K. N., and S. E. Gaither. “Black Racial Stereotypes and Victim Blaming: Implications for Media Coverage and Criminal Proceedings in Cases of Police Violence against Racial and Ethnic Minorities.” Journal of Social Issues 73, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 789–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12248.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E., J. D. Remedios, J. R. Schultz, K. B. Maddox, and S. R. Sommers. “Examining the effects of I-sharing for future white-black interactions.” Social Psychology 47, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 125–35. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000264.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E., K. Pauker, M. L. Slepian, and S. R. Sommers. “Social belonging motivates categorization of racially ambiguous faces.” Social Cognition 34, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 97–118. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2016.34.2.97.Full Text
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Schultz, Jennifer R., Sarah E. Gaither, Heather L. Urry, and Keith B. Maddox. “Reframing anxiety to encourage interracial interactions.” Translational Issues in Psychological Science 1, no. 4 (December 2015): 392–400. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000048.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E., J. D. Remedios, J. R. Schultz, and S. R. Sommers. “Priming White identity elicits stereotype boost for biracial Black-White individuals.” Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 18, no. 6 (November 29, 2015): 778–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430215570504.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E., J. D. Remedios, D. T. Sanchez, and S. R. Sommers. “Thinking Outside the Box: Multiple Identity Mind-Sets Affect Creative Problem Solving.” Social Psychological and Personality Science 6, no. 5 (July 5, 2015): 596–603. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550614568866.Full Text
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Howell, J. L., S. E. Gaither, and K. A. Ratliff. “Caught in the Middle: Defensive Responses to IAT Feedback Among Whites, Blacks, and Biracial Black/Whites.” Social Psychological and Personality Science 6, no. 4 (May 1, 2015): 373–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550614561127.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E. ““Mixed” Results: Multiracial Research and Identity Explorations.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 24, no. 2 (April 9, 2015): 114–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414558115.Full Text
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Gaither, Sarah E., Ariel M. Cohen-Goldberg, Calvin L. Gidney, and Keith B. Maddox. “Sounding Black or White: priming identity and biracial speech.” Frontiers in Psychology 6 (January 2015): 457. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00457.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E., L. S. Wilton, and D. M. Young. “Perceiving a presidency in black (and white): Four years later.” Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12018.Full Text
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Gaither, Sarah E., Eva E. Chen, Kathleen H. Corriveau, Paul L. Harris, Nalini Ambady, and Samuel R. Sommers. “Monoracial and biracial children: effects of racial identity saliency on social learning and social preferences.” Child Development 85, no. 6 (November 2014): 2299–2316. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12266.Full Text
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Chen, Jacqueline M., Wesley G. Moons, Sarah E. Gaither, David L. Hamilton, and Jeffrey W. Sherman. “Motivation to control prejudice predicts categorization of multiracials.” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 40, no. 5 (May 2014): 590–603. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213520457.Full Text
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Gaither, Sarah E., Jennifer R. Schultz, Kristin Pauker, Samuel R. Sommers, Keith B. Maddox, and Nalini Ambady. “Essentialist thinking predicts decrements in children's memory for racially ambiguous faces.” Developmental Psychology 50, no. 2 (February 2014): 482–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033493.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E., S. R. Sommers, and N. Ambady. “When the half affects the whole: Priming identity for biracial individuals in social interactions.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 49, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 368–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.12.012.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E., and S. R. Sommers. “Living with an other-race roommate shapes Whites' behavior in subsequent diverse settings.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 49, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 272–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.020.Full Text
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Gaither, S. E., and S. R. Sommers. “Honk if you like minorities: Vuvuzela attitudes predict outgroup liking.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 54–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690211429219.Full Text
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Gaither, Sarah E., Kristin Pauker, and Scott P. Johnson. “Biracial and monoracial infant own-race face perception: an eye tracking study.” Developmental Science 15, no. 6 (November 2012): 775–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01170.x.Full Text
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Book Sections
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Gaither, S. E., and K. N. Dukes. “Young, black, and endangered: Examining the deaths of trayvon martin, michael brown, and tamir rice through a psychological lens.” In Stereotypes and Stereotyping: Misperceptions, Perspectives and Role of Social Media, 83–98, 2016.
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Conference Papers
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Chen, Chun-Man, Sarah Gaither, and Sarina Hui-Lin Chien. “Exploring Taiwanese Young Children's Perception and Categorization of Racially Ambiguous Faces.” In I Perception, 8:45–45. SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2017.Link to Item
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Preprints
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Ruba, Ashley, Ryan Mcmutry, Sarah Gaither, and Makeba Wilbourn. “How White American Children Develop Racial Biases in Emotion Reasoning.” PsyArXiv, 2022. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ng4fw.Full Text
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Stanaland, Adam, Sarah Gaither, and Anna Gassman-Pines. “When is masculinity “fragile”? An expectancy-discrepancy-threat model of masculine identity.” PsyArXiv, 2022. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fgbk9.Full Text
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Chen, Jacqueline, Kristin Pauker, Sarah Gaither, David L. Hamilton, and Jeff Sherman. “Black + White = Not White: A Minority Bias in Categorizations of Black-White Multiracials.” Center for Open Science, January 11, 2018. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/htdea.Full Text
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- Teaching & Mentoring
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Recent Courses
- PSY 104: Social Psychology 2023
- PSY 203: Practicum 2023
- PSY 494: Research Independent Study 2023
- PSY 763S: Psychology and Neuroscience First Year Seminar I 2023
- BA 998: Independent Study 2022
- PSY 89S: First-Year Seminar 2022
- PSY 203: Practicum 2022
- PSY 223: The Self and Social Identities 2022
- PSY 392: Independent Study 2022
- PSY 393: Research Independent Study 2022
- PSY 493: Research Independent Study 2022
- PSY 494: Research Independent Study 2022
- PSY 104: Social Psychology 2021
- PSY 203: Practicum 2021
- PSY 394: Research Independent Study 2021
- PSY 493: Research Independent Study 2021
- PSY 494: Research Independent Study 2021
- Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
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Outreach & Engaged Scholarship
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Service to the Profession
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