Sara Elizabeth Miller | Scholars@Duke

Sara Elizabeth Miller
Professor in Pathology

Our laboratory specializes in two areas, infectious diseases, particularly
viral diseases, and ultrastructure-function relationships. Electron
microscopy (EM) is the focus of the investigative techniques and includes
preparative methods such as negative staining, thin sectioning,
ultracryomicrotomy and immunolabeling of acrylic and frozen sections.

We are especially interested in methods for diagnosing viral illnesses by
EM, and are involved in developing better, more sensitive and faster,
methods for detection. While molecular techniques for detecting organisms
are very sensitive, they all require specific reagents, and if the correct
probe is not determined a priori, the test is negative. EM offers an open
view of any viruses or unsuspected organisms that may be present. We make
use of concentration and enhancement methods to increase the chances of
detecting viral agents in fluid specimens. Additionally, we have
described a method for selecting small focal areas of pathology in tissue
by confocal microscopy to be embedded and examined by EM, increasing the
chances of visualizing organisms. Infectious diseases are the leading
cause of death worldwide and the third leading cause in the US. With
advanced therapies for cancer patients and many patients living longer
with their disease, a whole new population of infectious
disease-susceptible patients has emerged. Chemotherapy, radiation, and
bone marrow transplantation are permitting longer survival, but cause
immunosuppression and consequently, strange, unusual diseases, such as
polyomavirus infections, sometimes in uncommon body sites. We work
closely with physicians to detect and monitor the clearance of
polyomavirus infections in bone marrow and kidney transplant patients. We
detect food-borne outbreaks on campus, and we test numerous specimens from
patients with infectious diseases. We also serve on the Duke Biodefense
Team due to our capability to detect and differentiate poxvirus infections
from those of herpesvirus infections rapidly (within minutes).

Several research collaborations are underway. We have worked with Dr.
David Pickup on a structural protein that directs intracellular virus
particle movement and maturation. A project with Drs. William Parker and
Randal Bollinger, involves looking at microbes and mucous membrane
immunity. It concentrates on biofilms in appendix and lower intestine.
We are collaborating with Dr. Meta Kuehn on immunostaining bacterial
vesicles possibly containing endotoxin that have been internalized by
human cells. A different project with Drs. Celia LeBranche and Brian
Cullen has examined morphological differences in various retrovirus outer
membranes. With Dr. Barton Haynes' laboratory, we determined that cells
transfected with single retroviral genes produced subviral particles.
With Dr. Michael Hauser's lab, we are examining the difference of
myotillin concentration in normal muscle and muscle from muscular
dystrophy patients. We worked with a postdoctoral student in the
laboratory of Dr. Shirish Shinolokar on staining and examining actin and
actin-bundling protein by EM. Finally, we train and assist graduate
students, post doctoral students and medical residents how to use electron
microscopic techniques in their own studies.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor in Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 2021

Contact Information

40 Medicine Circle, Dhs 3083 - Yellow Zone, Durham, NC 27710
Duke Box 3712, Durham, NC 27710
mille012@duke.edu (919) 684-9141

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of Georgia, Athens 1972
Duke Appointment History
- Professor in Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 2006 - 2020
- Associate Research Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 2002 - 2010
- Associate Clinical Professor in Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 1994 - 2006
- Associate Research Professor of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Basic Science Departments 1994 - 2002
- Assistant Clinical Professor in Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 1993 - 1994
Research
Selected Grants
- Transmission electron microscope (TEM) awarded by National Institutes of Health 2019 - 2020
- Serial Block Face Scanning Electron Microscope awarded by National Institutes of Health 2016 - 2018
- Modulation of CD8 T-Cells awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2007
- Cancer Center Core Support Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 1976 - 1998
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Core Support Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 1976 - 1998
- Investigation Of A Cns L-Proline Transporter awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1996
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Caramaschi, Stefania, Meghan E. Kapp, Sara E. Miller, Rosana Eisenberg, Joyce Johnson, Garretson Epperly, Antonino Maiorana, Guido Silvestri, and Giovanna A. Giannico. “Histopathological findings and clinicopathologic correlation in COVID-19: a systematic review.” Mod Pathol, May 24, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-021-00814-w.
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  - Giannico, Giovanna A., and Sara E. Miller. “Electron microscopy identification of SARS-COV-2: what is the evidence?” Cardiovasc Pathol, April 20, 2021, 107338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpath.2021.107338.
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  - Bullock, Hannah A., Cynthia S. Goldsmith, Sherif R. Zaki, Roosecelis B. Martines, and Sara E. Miller. “Difficulties in Differentiating Coronaviruses from Subcellular Structures in Human Tissues by Electron Microscopy.” Emerg Infect Dis 27, no. 4 (April 2021): 1023–31. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2704.204337.
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  - Bullock, Hannah A., Cynthia S. Goldsmith, and Sara E. Miller. “Best practices for correctly identifying coronavirus by transmission electron microscopy.” Kidney Int 99, no. 4 (April 2021): 824–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2021.01.004.
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  - Hopfer, Helmut, Martin C. Herzig, Rainer Gosert, Thomas Menter, Jürgen Hench, Alexandar Tzankov, Hans H. Hirsch, and Sara E. Miller. “Hunting coronavirus by transmission electron microscopy - a guide to SARS-CoV-2-associated ultrastructural pathology in COVID-19 tissues.” Histopathology 78, no. 3 (February 2021): 358–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.14264.
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  - Brealey, J. K., and S. E. Miller. “SARS-CoV-2 has not been detected directly by electron microscopy in the endothelium of chilblain lesions.” Br J Dermatol 184, no. 1 (January 2021): 186. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.19572.
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  - Miller, Sara E. “Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 in the Lung.” N Engl J Med 383, no. 27 (December 31, 2020): 2689. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2030450.
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  - Werion, Alexis, Leila Belkhir, Marie Perrot, Gregory Schmit, Selda Aydin, Zhiyong Chen, Andrea Penaloza, et al. “SARS-CoV-2 causes a specific dysfunction of the kidney proximal tubule.” Kidney Int 98, no. 5 (November 2020): 1296–1307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.019.
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  - Miller, Sarah E., and Cynthia S. Goldsmith. “Caution in Identifying Coronaviruses by Electron Microscopy.” J Am Soc Nephrol 31, no. 9 (September 2020): 2223–24. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2020050755.
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  - Miller, Sara E., and John K. Brealey. “Visualization of putative coronavirus in kidney.” Kidney Int 98, no. 1 (July 2020): 231–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.004.
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  - Goldsmith, Cynthia S., Sara E. Miller, Roosecelis B. Martines, Hannah A. Bullock, and Sherif R. Zaki. “Electron microscopy of SARS-CoV-2: a challenging task.” Lancet 395, no. 10238 (May 30, 2020): e99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31188-0.
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  - Wang, Liangli, Sara E. Miller, and Fan Yuan. “Ultrastructural Analysis of Vesicular Transport in Electrotransfection.” Microsc Microanal 24, no. 5 (October 2018): 553–63. https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192761801509X.
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  - Garcia, Jamie, Jennifer Bagwell, Brian Njaine, James Norman, Daniel S. Levic, Susan Wopat, Sara E. Miller, et al. “Sheath Cell Invasion and Trans-differentiation Repair Mechanical Damage Caused by Loss of Caveolae in the Zebrafish Notochord.” Curr Biol 27, no. 13 (July 10, 2017): 1982-1989.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.035.
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  - Hemmersbach-Miller, M., J. Duronville, S. Sethi, S. E. Miller, D. N. Howell, N. Henshaw, B. D. Alexander, and J. K. Roberts. “Hemorrhagic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Nephritis: An Unusual Cause of Acute Allograft Dysfunction.” Am J Transplant 17, no. 1 (January 2017): 287–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.14022.
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  - Cronan, Mark R., Rebecca W. Beerman, Allison F. Rosenberg, Joseph W. Saelens, Matthew G. Johnson, Stefan H. Oehlers, Dana M. Sisk, et al. “Macrophage Epithelial Reprogramming Underlies Mycobacterial Granuloma Formation and Promotes Infection.” Immunity 45, no. 4 (October 18, 2016): 861–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.09.014.
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  - Miller, S. E., and D. N. Howell. “EM Detection of Viruses in Organ Transplant Patients.” Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, no. S3 (January 1, 2015): 79–80. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927615001191.
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  - Tantibhedhyangkul, J., K. C. Hawkins, Q. Dai, K. Mu, C. N. Dunn, S. E. Miller, and T. M. Price. “Expression of a mitochondrial progesterone receptor in human spermatozoa correlates with a progestin-dependent increase in mitochondrial membrane potential.” Andrology 2, no. 6 (November 2014): 875–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00263.x.
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  - Nickeleit, Volker, Harsharan K. Singh, Cynthia S. Goldsmith, Sara E. Miller, and Daniel J. Kenan. “BK virus-associated urinary bladder carcinoma in transplant recipients: productive or nonproductive polyomavirus infections in tumor cells?” Hum Pathol 44, no. 12 (December 2013): 2870–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2013.08.017.
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  - Gbadegesin, Rasheed A., Patrick D. Brophy, Adebowale Adeyemo, Gentzon Hall, Indra R. Gupta, David Hains, Bartlomeij Bartkowiak, et al. “TNXB mutations can cause vesicoureteral reflux.” J Am Soc Nephrol 24, no. 8 (July 2013): 1313–22. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2012121148.
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  - Dai, Qunsheng, Anish A. Shah, Rachana V. Garde, Bryan A. Yonish, Li Zhang, Neil A. Medvitz, Sara E. Miller, Elizabeth L. Hansen, Carrie N. Dunn, and Thomas M. Price. “A truncated progesterone receptor (PR-M) localizes to the mitochondrion and controls cellular respiration.” Mol Endocrinol 27, no. 5 (May 2013): 741–53. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2012-1292.
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  - Liedtke, Wolfgang, Michele Yeo, Hongbo Zhang, Yiding Wang, Michelle Gignac, Sara Miller, Ken Berglund, and Jie Liu. “Highly conductive carbon nanotube matrix accelerates developmental chloride extrusion in central nervous system neurons by increased expression of chloride transporter KCC2.” Small 9, no. 7 (April 8, 2013): 1066–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201201994.
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  - Westervelt, Justin D., Barbara D. Alexander, Sylvia F. Costa, Sara E. Miller, David N. Howell, and Stephen R. Smith. “Detection of BK polyomavirus after kidney transplantation: a comparison of urine electron microscopy with plasma polymerase chain reaction.” Clin Transplant 27, no. 1 (January 2013): E42–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.12048.
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  - Landi, Daniel, Evelyn Lockhart, Sara E. Miller, Michael Datto, Catherine Rehder, Angela Kanaly, and Courtney D. Thornburg. “Report of a young girl with MYH9 mutation and review of the literature.” J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 34, no. 7 (October 2012): 538–40. https://doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0b013e3182678fc9.
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  - Miller, S. E. “Problems and Pitfalls in Diagnostic Electron Microscopy.” Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. S2 (January 1, 2012): 172–73. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927612002711.
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  - Goldsmith, Cynthia S., and Sara E. Miller. “Modern uses of electron microscopy for detection of viruses.” Clin Microbiol Rev 22, no. 4 (October 2009): 552–63. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00027-09.
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  - Kehl-Fie, Thomas E., Eric A. Porsch, Sara E. Miller, and Joseph W. St Geme. “Expression of Kingella kingae type IV pili is regulated by sigma54, PilS, and PilR.” J Bacteriol 191, no. 15 (August 2009): 4976–86. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00123-09.
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  - Christopher, P. S., J. R. Saah, and S. E. Miller. “A suspicious facial lesion - A unique opportunity to test the north Carolina laboratory response network.” Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, no. SUPPL. 2 (July 1, 2009): 102–3. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927609095518.
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  - Kehl-Fie, Thomas E., Sara E. Miller, and Joseph W. St Geme. “Kingella kingae expresses type IV pili that mediate adherence to respiratory epithelial and synovial cells.” J Bacteriol 190, no. 21 (November 2008): 7157–63. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00884-08.
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  - Gasper-Smith, Nancy, Deanna M. Crossman, John F. Whitesides, Nadia Mensali, Janet S. Ottinger, Steven G. Plonk, M Anthony Moody, et al. “Induction of plasma (TRAIL), TNFR-2, Fas ligand, and plasma microparticles after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission: implications for HIV-1 vaccine design.” J Virol 82, no. 15 (August 2008): 7700–7710. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00605-08.
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  - Miller, S. E. “Lemons to lemonade (EM techniques for salvaging suboptimal specimens).” Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, no. SUPPL. 2 (August 1, 2008): 154–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927608081865.
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  - Teunis, Peter F. M., Christine L. Moe, Pengbo Liu, Sara E. Miller, Lisa Lindesmith, Ralph S. Baric, Jacques Le Pendu, and Rebecca L. Calderon. “Norwalk virus: how infectious is it?” J Med Virol 80, no. 8 (August 2008): 1468–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.21237.
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  - Rusyn, Elena, Talal Mousallem, Dixie-Ann Persaud-Sawin, Sara Miller, and Rose-Mary N. Boustany. “CLN3p impacts galactosylceramide transport, raft morphology, and lipid content.” Pediatr Res 63, no. 6 (June 2008): 625–31. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e31816fdc17.
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  - Sheets, Amanda J., Susan A. Grass, Sara E. Miller, and Joseph W. St Geme. “Identification of a novel trimeric autotransporter adhesin in the cryptic genospecies of Haemophilus.” J Bacteriol 190, no. 12 (June 2008): 4313–20. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.01963-07.
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  - Garvey, Sean M., Yutao Liu, Sara E. Miller, and Michael A. Hauser. “Myotilin overexpression enhances myopathology in the LGMD1A mouse model.” Muscle Nerve 37, no. 5 (May 2008): 663–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.20994.
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  - Wooldridge, Anne A., Christopher N. Fortner, Beata Lontay, Takayuki Akimoto, Ronald L. Neppl, Carie Facemire, Michael B. Datto, et al. “Deletion of the protein kinase A/protein kinase G target SMTNL1 promotes an exercise-adapted phenotype in vascular smooth muscle.” J Biol Chem 283, no. 17 (April 25, 2008): 11850–59. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M708628200.
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  - Sheikh, Amir M., Cindy Barrett, Nestor Villamizar, Oscar Alzate, Sara Miller, John Shelburne, Andrew Lodge, Jeffrey Lawson, and James Jaggers. “Proteomics of cerebral injury in a neonatal model of cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.” J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 132, no. 4 (October 2006): 820–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.07.002.
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  - Garvey, Sean M., Sara E. Miller, Dennis R. Claflin, John A. Faulkner, and Michael A. Hauser. “Transgenic mice expressing the myotilin T57I mutation unite the pathology associated with LGMD1A and MFM.” Hum Mol Genet 15, no. 15 (August 1, 2006): 2348–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddl160.
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  - Goldsmith, C. S., S. E. Miller, J. M. Chaitrain, and S. R. Zaki. “Role of electron microscopy in monitoring for potential smallpox cases and other rash illnesses.” Microscopy and Microanalysis 12, no. SUPPL. 2 (August 1, 2006): 20–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927606066773.
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  - Pien, Brian C., J Royden Saah, Sara E. Miller, and Christopher W. Woods. “Use of sentinel laboratories by clinicians to evaluate potential bioterrorism and emerging infections.” Clin Infect Dis 42, no. 9 (May 1, 2006): 1311–24. https://doi.org/10.1086/503260.
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  - Kesty, Nicole C., Kevin M. Mason, Mary Reedy, Sara E. Miller, and Meta J. Kuehn. “Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vesicles target toxin delivery into mammalian cells.” Embo J 23, no. 23 (November 24, 2004): 4538–49. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7600471.
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  - Miller, S. E. “Surveillance of bioterrorism agents: Considerations for EM laboratories.” Microscopy and Microanalysis 10, no. SUPPL. 2 (September 24, 2004): 1526–27. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927604880024.
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  - Miller, S. E., P. Carpenter, and A. Lockley. “Proceedings microscopy and microanalysis 2004: Foreword.” Microscopy and Microanalysis 10, no. SUPPL. 2 (September 24, 2004).
  - Rocha, Paulo N., Troy J. Plumb, Sara E. Miller, David N. Howell, and Stephen R. Smith. “Risk factors for BK polyomavirus nephritis in renal allograft recipients.” Clin Transplant 18, no. 4 (August 2004): 456–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0012.2004.00191.x.
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  - Everett, M. L., D. Palestrant, S. E. Miller, R. R. Bollinger, and W. Parker. “Immune exclusion and immnune inclusion: A new model of host-bacterial interactions in the gut.” Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews 4, no. 5 (July 1, 2004): 321–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cair.2004.03.001.
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  - Palestrant, Daniel, Zoie E. Holzknecht, Bradley H. Collins, William Parker, Sara E. Miller, and R Randal Bollinger. “Microbial biofilms in the gut: visualization by electron microscopy and by acridine orange staining.” Ultrastruct Pathol 28, no. 1 (January 2004): 23–27.
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  - Miller, Sara E. “Bioterrorism and electron microscopic differentiation of poxviruses from herpesviruses: dos and don'ts.” Ultrastruct Pathol 27, no. 3 (May 2003): 133–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/01913120309932.
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  - McKelvey, Terry A., Stanley C. Andrews, Sara E. Miller, Caroline A. Ray, and David J. Pickup. “Identification of the orthopoxvirus p4c gene, which encodes a structural protein that directs intracellular mature virus particles into A-type inclusions.” J Virol 76, no. 22 (November 2002): 11216–25. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.22.11216-11225.2002.
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  - Howell, D. N., D. W. Butterly, and S. E. Miller. “Diagnosis of polyomavirus nephritis:: A correlative approach.” Pathology Case Reviews 7, no. 6 (January 1, 2002): 278–83. https://doi.org/10.1097/00132583-200211000-00007.
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  - Moe, C. L., W. A. Christmas, L. J. Echols, and S. E. Miller. “Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses in campus settings.” J Am Coll Health 50, no. 2 (September 2001): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448480109596008.
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  - Henry, S. C., K. Schmader, T. T. Brown, S. E. Miller, D. N. Howell, G. G. Daley, and J. D. Hamilton. “Enhanced green fluorescent protein as a marker for localizing murine cytomegalovirus in acute and latent infection.” J Virol Methods 89, no. 1–2 (September 2000): 61–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-0934(00)00202-0.
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  - Haycox, C. L., S. Kim, P. Fleckman, L. T. Smith, M. Piepkorn, J. P. Sundberg, D. N. Howell, and S. E. Miller. “Trichodysplasia spinulosa--a newly described folliculocentric viral infection in an immunocompromised host.” J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 4, no. 3 (December 1999): 268–71. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jidsp.5640227.
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  - Howell, D. N., S. R. Smith, D. W. Butterly, P. S. Klassen, H. R. Krigman, J. L. Burchette, and S. E. Miller. “Diagnosis and management of BK polyomavirus interstitial nephritis in renal transplant recipients.” Transplantation 68, no. 9 (November 15, 1999): 1279–88. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007890-199911150-00011.
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  - Chu, C. T., D. N. Howell, J. C. Morgenlander, C. M. Hulette, R. E. McLendon, and S. E. Miller. “Electron microscopic diagnosis of human flavivirus encephalitis: use of confocal microscopy as an aid.” Am J Surg Pathol 23, no. 10 (October 1999): 1217–26. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-199910000-00006.
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  - Langley, S. M., P. J. Chai, S. E. Miller, J. R. Mault, J. J. Jaggers, S. S. Tsui, A. J. Lodge, A. Lefurgey, and R. M. Ungerleider. “Intermittent perfusion protects the brain during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.” Ann Thorac Surg 68, no. 1 (July 1999): 4–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(99)00521-4.
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  - Cegielski, J. P., Y. R. Ortega, S. McKee, J. F. Madden, L. Gaido, D. A. Schwartz, K. Manji, et al. “Cryptosporidium, enterocytozoon, and cyclospora infections in pediatric and adult patients with diarrhea in Tanzania.” Clin Infect Dis 28, no. 2 (February 1999): 314–21. https://doi.org/10.1086/515131.
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  - Howell, D. N., and S. E. Miller. “Identification of viral infection by confocal microscopy.” Methods Enzymol 307 (1999): 573–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(99)07034-2.
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  - Howell, D. N., C. M. Payne, S. E. Miller, and J. D. Shelburne. “Special techniques in diagnostic electron microscopy.” Hum Pathol 29, no. 12 (December 1998): 1339–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0046-8177(98)90001-6.
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  - Howell, D. N., Z. Valnickova, T. D. Oury, S. E. Miller, F. P. Sanfilippo, and J. J. Enghild. “Expression of a copper-containing amine oxidase by human ciliary body.” Mol Vis 4 (September 8, 1998): 15.
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  - Pitcher, J. A., R. A. Hall, Y. Daaka, J. Zhang, S. S. Ferguson, S. Hester, S. Miller, M. G. Caron, R. J. Lefkowitz, and L. S. Barak. “The G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 is a microtubule-associated protein kinase that phosphorylates tubulin.” J Biol Chem 273, no. 20 (May 15, 1998): 12316–24. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.20.12316.
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  - Palmer, S. M., N. G. Henshaw, D. N. Howell, S. E. Miller, R. D. Davis, and V. F. Tapson. “Community respiratory viral infection in adult lung transplant recipients.” Chest 113, no. 4 (April 1998): 944–50. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.113.4.944.
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  - Guyton, J. R., S. E. Miller, M. E. Martin, W. A. Khan, A. D. Roses, and W. J. Strittmatter. “Novel large apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins of density 1.006-1.060 g/ml in human cerebrospinal fluid.” J Neurochem 70, no. 3 (March 1998): 1235–40. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70031235.x.
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  - Onodera, O., J. R. Burke, S. E. Miller, S. Hester, S. Tsuji, A. D. Roses, and W. J. Strittmatter. “Oligomerization of expanded-polyglutamine domain fluorescent fusion proteins in cultured mammalian cells.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 238, no. 2 (September 18, 1997): 599–605. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1997.7337.
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  - Miller, S. E., R. M. Levenson, C. Aldridge, S. Hester, D. J. Kenan, and D. N. Howell. “Identification of focal viral infections by confocal microscopy for subsequent ultrastructural analysis.” Ultrastruct Pathol 21, no. 2 (March 1997): 183–93. https://doi.org/10.3109/01913129709021317.
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  - Miller, S. E. “Use of electron microscopy to diagnose viral illnesses.” Ann Saudi Med 17, no. 1 (January 1997): 66–76. https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1997.66.
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  - Miller, S. E., and D. N. Howell. “Concerted use of immunologic and ultrastructural analyses in diagnostic medicine: immunoelectron microscopy and correlative microscopy.” Immunol Invest 26, no. 1–2 (January 1997): 29–38. https://doi.org/10.3109/08820139709048913.
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  - Ahuja, V., S. E. Miller, and D. N. Howell. “Identification of two subpopulations of rat monocytes expressing disparate molecular forms and quantities of CD43.” Cell Immunol 163, no. 1 (June 1995): 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1006/cimm.1995.1099.
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  - Cegielski, J. P., A. E. Msengi, and S. E. Miller. “Enteric viruses associated with HIV infection in Tanzanian children with chronic diarrhea.” Pediatr Aids Hiv Infect 5, no. 5 (October 1994): 296–99.
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  - Howell, D. N., J. R. Ross, S. E. Miller, and F. P. Sanfilippo. “Characterization of a novel family of ciliary body glycoproteins.” Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35, no. 8 (July 1994): 3308–18.
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  - Xu, P., S. E. Miller, and W. K. Joklik. “Generation of reovirus core-like particles in cells infected with hybrid vaccinia viruses that express genome segments L1, L2, L3, and S2.” Virology 197, no. 2 (December 1993): 726–31. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1993.1648.
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  - Prose, N. S., W. Tope, S. E. Miller, and H. Kamino. “Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis: a unique childhood exanthem?” J Am Acad Dermatol 29, no. 5 Pt 2 (November 1993): 857–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0190-9622(93)70255-r.
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  - Miller, S. E., and M. A. Roth. “Children's perceptions of responsibility: attitudes while working with peers with disabilities.” Percept Mot Skills 76, no. 2 (April 1993): 618. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.2.618.
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  - Lew, J. F., R. I. Glass, M. Petric, C. W. Lebaron, G. W. Hammond, S. E. Miller, C. Robinson, J. Boutilier, M. Riepenhoff-Talty, and C. M. Payne. “Six-year retrospective surveillance of gastroenteritis viruses identified at ten electron microscopy centers in the United States and Canada.” Pediatr Infect Dis J 9, no. 10 (October 1990): 709–14. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199010000-00005.
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  - Miller, S. E. “Helminthic infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.” J Electron Microsc Tech 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 133–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060080109.
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  - Miller, S. E. “Foreword.” Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060080102.
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  - Miller, S. E., and D. N. Howell. “Viral infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.” J Electron Microsc Tech 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 41–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060080105.
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  - Reiner, S. L., J. M. Harrelson, S. E. Miller, G. B. Hill, and H. A. Gallis. “Primary actinomycosis of an extremity: a case report and review.” Rev Infect Dis 9, no. 3 (May 1987): 581–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/9.3.581.
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  - Miller, Sara E. “Detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy.” J Electron Microsc Tech 4, no. 3 (1986): 265–301. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060040305.
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  - Palker, T. J., R. M. Scearce, S. E. Miller, M. Popovic, D. P. Bolognesi, R. C. Gallo, and B. F. Haynes. “Monoclonal antibodies against human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) p24 internal core protein. Use as diagnostic probes and cellular localization of HTLV.” J Exp Med 159, no. 4 (April 1, 1984): 1117–31. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.159.4.1117.
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  - “Ultrastructure of AIDS lymph nodes.” N Engl J Med 309, no. 19 (November 10, 1983): 1188–90. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198311103091914.
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  - Haynes, B. F., S. E. Miller, T. J. Palker, J. O. Moore, P. H. Dunn, D. P. Bolognesi, and R. S. Metzgar. “Identification of human T cell leukemia virus in a Japanese patient with adult T cell leukemia and cutaneous lymphomatous vasculitis.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80, no. 7 (April 1983): 2054–58. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.80.7.2054.
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  - Hartwig, G. B., S. E. Miller, A. P. Frost, and A. D. Roses. “Myotonic muscular dystrophy: morphology, histochemistry, and growth characteristics of cultured skin fibroblasts.” Muscle Nerve 5, no. 2 (February 1982): 125–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.880050208.
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  - Miller, S. E., C. L. Miller, and D. D. Trunkey. “The immune consequences of trauma.” Surg Clin North Am 62, no. 1 (February 1982): 167–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6109(16)42643-5.
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  - Miller, S. E., and D. J. Lang. “Rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex infection: amplification for electron-microscopy by short-term in vitro replication.” J Infect 4, no. 1 (January 1982): 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(82)90959-8.
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  - Hayes, E. C., P. W. Lee, S. E. Miller, and W. K. Joklik. “The interaction of a series of hybridoma IgGs with reovirus particles. Demonstration that the core protein lambda 2 is exposed on the particle surface.” Virology 108, no. 1 (January 15, 1981): 147–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(81)90534-1.
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  - Hessling, J. J., S. E. Miller, and N. L. Levy. “A direct comparison of procedures for the detection of mycoplasma in tissue culture.” J Immunol Methods 38, no. 3–4 (1980): 315–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(80)90280-x.
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  - Roses, A. D., G. B. Hartwig, M. Mabry, Y. Nagano, and S. E. Miller. “Red blood cell and fibroblast membranes in Duchenne and myotonic muscular dystrophy.” Muscle Nerve 3, no. 1 (January 1980): 36–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.880030106.
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  - Miller, S. E., and W. R. Finnerty. “Aged-related physiological studies comparing Candida albicans chlamydospores to yeasts.” Can J Microbiol 25, no. 6 (June 1979): 765–72. https://doi.org/10.1139/m79-111.
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  - Simmons, D. G., J. G. Gray, L. P. Rose, R. C. Dillman, and S. E. Miller. “Isolation of an etiologic agent of acute respiratory disease (rhinotracheitis) of turkey poults.” Avian Dis 23, no. 1 (January 1979): 194–203.
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  - Moore, P. M., E. C. Hayes, S. E. Miller, L. L. Wright, C. E. Machamer, and H. J. Zweerink. “Measles virus nucleocapsids: large-scale purification and use in radioimmunoassays.” Infect Immun 20, no. 3 (June 1978): 842–46. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.20.3.842-846.1978.
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  - Sutjipto, S., S. E. Miller, D. G. Simmons, and R. C. Dillman. “Physicochemical characterization and pathogenicity studies of two turkey adenovirus isolants.” Avian Dis 21, no. 4 (October 1977): 549–56.
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  - Reiss, E., S. E. Miller, W. Kaplan, and L. Kaufman. “Antigenic, chemical, and structural properties of cell walls of Histoplasma capsulatum yeast-form chemotypes 1 and 2 after serial enzymatic hydrolysis.” Infect Immun 16, no. 2 (May 1977): 690–700. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.16.2.690-700.1977.
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  - Tyler, F. H., and M. Skolnick. “Letter: Mutation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.” N Engl J Med 295, no. 5 (July 29, 1976): 283–84. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm197607292950521.
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  - Gallis, H. A., S. E. Miller, and R. W. Wheat. “Degradation of 14C-labeled streptococcal cell walls by egg white lysozyme and lysosomal enzymes.” Infect Immun 13, no. 5 (May 1976): 1459–66. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.13.5.1459-1466.1976.
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  - Miller, S. E., A. D. Roses, and S. H. Appel. “Scanning electron microscopy studies in muscular dystrophy.” Arch Neurol 33, no. 3 (March 1976): 172–74. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1976.00500030028005.
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  - Roses, A. D., M. J. Roses, S. E. Miller, K. L. Hull, and S. H. Appel. “Carrier detection in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.” N Engl J Med 294, no. 4 (January 22, 1976): 193–98. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197601222940404.
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  - Simmons, D. G., S. E. Miller, J. G. Gray, H. G. Blalock, and W. M. Colwell. “Isolation and identification of a turkey respiratory adenovirus.” Avian Dis 20, no. 1 (January 1976): 65–74.
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  - Miller, S. E., A. D. Roses, and S. H. Appel. “Letter: Erythrocytes in human muscular dystrophy.” Science 188, no. 4193 (June 13, 1975): 1131. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1215993.
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  - Miller, S. E., H. W. Scheld, and G. E. Michaels. “Development and germination of Candida albicans chlamydospores in relation to age.” The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 21, no. 5 (January 1, 1975): 273–78. https://doi.org/10.2323/jgam.21.273.
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  - Roses, A. D., S. H. Appel, D. A. Butterfield, S. E. Miller, and D. B. Chesnut. “Specificity of biochemical and biophysical tests in Duchenne and myotonic muscular dystrophy, carrier states, and congenital myotonia.” Trans Am Neurol Assoc 100 (1975): 131–34.
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  - Miller, S. E., B. O. Spurlock, and G. E. Michaels. “Electron microscopy of young Candida albicans chlamydospores.” J Bacteriol 119, no. 3 (September 1974): 992–99. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.119.3.992-999.1974.
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- Book Sections
  - Miller, S. E. “Electron microscopy of viral infections.” In Lennette’s Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections, Fourth Edition, 173–96, 2016.
  - Miller, S. E., D. N. Howell, and A. D. Proia. “Viral disease.” In Garner and Klintworth’s Pathobiology of Ocular Disease, Third Edition, 155–212, 2008.

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