Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • M.D., New York Medical College 2006
• 

  Previous Appointments & Affiliations

  • Associate Professor of Radiology, Radiology, Neuroradiology, Radiology 2021
  • Associate Professor of Radiology, Radiology, Neuroradiology, Radiology 2019 - 2020
  • Assistant Professor of Radiology, Radiology, Neuroradiology, Radiology 2014 - 2019
• 

  Leadership & Clinical Positions at Duke

  • Director, Spine Intervention Service
• Recognition
• 

  In the News

  • DEC 7, 2021

    WRAL

    Duke University Health System one of first in US to acquire a new generation of CT scanner
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • A flexible needle for targeted delivery of therapeutics in spatially constrained anatomy awarded by North Carolina Biotechnology Center 2021 - 2022
  • Applied Deep Learning in Pulmonary Embolism Outcome Prediction Using Imaging and Clinical Data: A Multicenter Study awarded by Stanford University 2018 - 2022
  • Deep Learning for Pulmonary Embolism Imaging Decision Support: A Multi-institutional Collaboration awarded by Stanford University 2018 - 2022
  • Duke-Stanford Multicenter Investigation Predicting Imaging Outcomes of Pulmonary Embolism CT awarded by Stanford University 2017 - 2022
  • Development of a Novel Flexible Needle for Targeted Epidural Blood Patch of Ventral CSF Leaks awarded by Spinal CSF Leak Foundation 2020 - 2021
  • Comparison of cervical transforaminal epidural corticosteroid injections with lateralized interlaminar epidural corticosteroid injections for treatment of cervicogenic upper extremity radiculopathy awarded by American Society of Neuroradiology 2017 - 2019
  • A randomized trial of CT fluoroscopy-guided targeted autologous blood and fibrin glue patching for treatment of imaging-confirmed CSF leaks in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. awarded by Radiological Society of North America 2017 - 2018
  • An Anatomic and Radiologic Study to Define the Source and Course of the Articular Branches to the Thoracic Zygapophysial Joints awarded by Spine Intervention Society 2017
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Heider, Robert, Peter G. Kranz, Erin Hope Weant, Linda Gray, and Timothy J. Amrhein. “Digital manometry to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure during lumbar puncture.” Neuroradiol J, December 24, 2021, 19714009211055190. https://doi.org/10.1177/19714009211055190.
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    • Drews, Elena, Benjamin Wildman-Tobriner, Amanda Mathews, Joao Ricardo N. Vissoci, Kevin Kalisz, Timothy J. Amrhein, Walter Wiggins, et al. “Prospective evaluation of novice-acquired three-dimensional point-of-care ultrasound for carotid stenosis.” Acad Emerg Med 28, no. 12 (December 2021): 1440–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.14320.
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    • Kranz, Peter G., Linda Gray, Michael D. Malinzak, Jessica L. Houk, Dong Kun Kim, and Timothy J. Amrhein. “CSF-Venous Fistulas: Anatomy and Diagnostic Imaging.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 217, no. 6 (December 2021): 1418–29. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.21.26182.
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    • Chazen, J Levi, and Timothy J. Amrhein. “Arachnoiditis following epidural blood patch-An avoidable rare complication due to blind technique.” Headache 61, no. 6 (June 2021): 972–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.14145.
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    • Gospe, Sidney M., Timothy J. Amrhein, Michael D. Malinzak, M Tariq Bhatti, Pradeep Mettu, and Mays A. El-Dairi. “Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities of the Optic Nerve Sheath and Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery in Giant Cell Arteritis.” J Neuroophthalmol 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 54–59. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNO.0000000000000860.
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    • Amrhein, T. J., L. Gray, M. D. Malinzak, and P. G. Kranz. “Respiratory Phase Affects the Conspicuity of CSF-Venous Fistulas in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.” Ajnr Am J Neuroradiol 41, no. 9 (September 2020): 1754–56. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6663.
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    • Lunyera, Joseph, Dinushika Mohottige, Anastasia-Stefania Alexopoulos, Hilary Campbell, C Blake Cameron, Nicole Sagalla, Timothy J. Amrhein, et al. “Risk for Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis After Exposure to Newer Gadolinium Agents: A Systematic Review.” Ann Intern Med 173, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 110–19. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-0299.
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    • Martín Noguerol, Teodoro, Rafael Barousse, Timothy J. Amrhein, Javier Royuela-Del-Val, Paula Montesinos, and Antonio Luna. “Optimizing Diffusion-Tensor Imaging Acquisition for Spinal Cord Assessment: Physical Basis and Technical Adjustments.” Radiographics 40, no. 2 (March 2020): 403–27. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2020190058.
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    • Wang, Timothy Y., Isaac O. Karikari, Timothy J. Amrhein, Linda Gray, and Peter G. Kranz. “Clinical Outcomes Following Surgical Ligation of Cerebrospinal Fluid-Venous Fistula in Patients With Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Prospective Case Series.” Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 18, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 239–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/ons/opz134.
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    • Patel, Bhavik N., Louis Rosenberg, Gregg Willcox, David Baltaxe, Mimi Lyons, Jeremy Irvin, Pranav Rajpurkar, et al. “Author Correction: Human-machine partnership with artificial intelligence for chest radiograph diagnosis.” Npj Digit Med 2, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 129. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0198-6.
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    • Joshi, Anand, Timothy J. Amrhein, Megan A. Holmes, Joel Talsma, Megan Shonyo, and Andrea B. Taylor. “The Source and the Course of the Articular Branches to the T4-T8 Zygapophysial Joints.” Pain Med 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 2371–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz116.
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    • Griffin, Andrew S., Lucy Lu, Stephanie Peacock, Linda Gray, Peter G. Kranz, and Timothy J. Amrhein. “CSF volume provocation maneuvers during lumbar puncture as a possible predictive tool for diagnosing spontaneous intracranial hypotension.” Clin Neurol Neurosurg 186 (November 2019): 105552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105552.
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    • Kranz, Peter G., Linda Gray, Michael D. Malinzak, and Timothy J. Amrhein. “Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.” Neuroimaging Clin N Am 29, no. 4 (November 2019): 581–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nic.2019.07.006.
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    • Amrhein, Timothy J., Erol Bozdogan, Sunit Vekaria, Prasad Patel, Reginald Lerebours, Sheng Luo, and Peter G. Kranz. “Cross-sectional CT Assessment of the Extent of Injectate Spread at CT Fluoroscopy-guided Cervical Epidural Interlaminar Steroid Injections.” Radiology 292, no. 3 (September 2019): 723–29. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019182795.
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    • Banerjee, Imon, Miji Sofela, Jaden Yang, Jonathan H. Chen, Nigam H. Shah, Robyn Ball, Alvin I. Mushlin, et al. “Development and Performance of the Pulmonary Embolism Result Forecast Model (PERFORM) for Computed Tomography Clinical Decision Support.” Jama Netw Open 2, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): e198719. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8719.
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    • Kranz, Peter G., Linda Gray, and Timothy J. Amrhein. “Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: 10 Myths and Misperceptions - An Editorial Comment.” Headache 59, no. 7 (July 2019): 977–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13571.
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    • Banerjee, Imon, Yuan Ling, Matthew C. Chen, Sadid A. Hasan, Curtis P. Langlotz, Nathaniel Moradzadeh, Brian Chapman, et al. “Comparative effectiveness of convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) architectures for radiology text report classification.” Artif Intell Med 97 (June 2019): 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2018.11.004.
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    • Kranz, P. G., L. Gray, and T. J. Amrhein. “Decubitus CT Myelography for Detecting Subtle CSF Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.” Ajnr Am J Neuroradiol 40, no. 4 (April 2019): 754–56. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5995.
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    • Amrhein, Timothy J., and Peter G. Kranz. “Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Imaging in Diagnosis and Treatment.” Radiol Clin North Am 57, no. 2 (March 2019): 439–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2018.10.004.
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    • Kranz, Peter G., and Timothy J. Amrhein. “Imaging Approach to Myelopathy: Acute, Subacute, and Chronic.” Radiol Clin North Am 57, no. 2 (March 2019): 257–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcl.2018.09.006.
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    • Patel, Bhavik N., Louis Rosenberg, Gregg Willcox, David Baltaxe, Mimi Lyons, Jeremy Irvin, Pranav Rajpurkar, et al. “Human-machine partnership with artificial intelligence for chest radiograph diagnosis.” Npj Digit Med 2 (2019): 111. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0189-7.
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    • Patel, Bhavik N., Louis Rosenberg, Gregg Willcox, David Baltaxe, Mimi Lyons, Jeremy Irvin, Pranav Rajpurkar, et al. “Erratum: Author Correction: Human-machine partnership with artificial intelligence for chest radiograph diagnosis.” Npj Digit Med 2 (2019): 129. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0198-6.
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    • Rajpurkar, Pranav, Jeremy Irvin, Robyn L. Ball, Kaylie Zhu, Brandon Yang, Hershel Mehta, Tony Duan, et al. “Deep learning for chest radiograph diagnosis: A retrospective comparison of the CheXNeXt algorithm to practicing radiologists.” Plos Med 15, no. 11 (November 2018): e1002686. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002686.
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    • Haskell, Gloria T., Mari Mori, Cynthia Powell, Timothy J. Amrhein, Gillian I. Rice, Lauren Bailey, Natasha Strande, et al. “Combination of exome sequencing and immune testing confirms Aicardi-Goutières syndrome type 5 in a challenging pediatric neurology case.” Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 4, no. 5 (October 2018). https://doi.org/10.1101/mcs.a002758.
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    • Kranz, Peter G., Michael D. Malinzak, and Timothy J. Amrhein. “Approach to Imaging in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage.” Neuroimaging Clin N Am 28, no. 3 (August 2018): 353–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nic.2018.03.003.
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    • Parivash, Sherveen N., Peter G. Kranz, Linda Gray, and Timothy J. Amrhein. “CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injections in the Cervical Spine: Rate of Nontarget Injection Into the Retrodural Space of Okada.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 211, no. 2 (August 2018): 426–31. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.18.19606.
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    • Kranz, Peter G., Linda Gray, and Timothy J. Amrhein. “Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: 10 Myths and Misperceptions.” Headache 58, no. 7 (July 2018): 948–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13328.
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    • Chen, Matthew C., Robyn L. Ball, Lingyao Yang, Nathaniel Moradzadeh, Brian E. Chapman, David B. Larson, Curtis P. Langlotz, Timothy J. Amrhein, and Matthew P. Lungren. “Deep Learning to Classify Radiology Free-Text Reports.” Radiology 286, no. 3 (March 2018): 845–52. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2017171115.
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    • Kranz, Peter G., Timothy J. Amrhein, and Linda Gray. “CSF Venous Fistulas in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Imaging Characteristics on Dynamic and CT Myelography.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 209, no. 6 (December 2017): 1360–66. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.17.18351.
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    • Amrhein, T. J., S. N. Parivash, L. Gray, and P. G. Kranz. “Incidence of Inadvertent Dural Puncture During CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Interlaminar Epidural Corticosteroid Injections in the Cervical Spine: An Analysis of 974 Cases.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 209, no. 3 (September 2017): 656–61. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.16.17738.
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    • Kranz, Peter G., Michael D. Malinzak, Timothy J. Amrhein, and Linda Gray. “Update on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.” Curr Pain Headache Rep 21, no. 8 (August 2017): 37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-017-0639-3.
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    • Hassanpour, Saeed, Curtis P. Langlotz, Timothy J. Amrhein, Nicholas T. Befera, and Matthew P. Lungren. “Performance of a Machine Learning Classifier of Knee MRI Reports in Two Large Academic Radiology Practices: A Tool to Estimate Diagnostic Yield.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 208, no. 4 (April 2017): 750–53. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.16.16128.
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    • Amrhein, Timothy J., William Mostertz, Maria Gisele Matheus, Genevieve Maass-Bolles, Komal Sharma, Heather R. Collins, and Peter G. Kranz. “Reformatted images improve the detection rate of acute traumatic subdural hematomas on brain CT compared with axial images alone.” Emerg Radiol 24, no. 1 (February 2017): 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-016-1440-z.
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    • Kranz, P. G., A. B. Joshi, L. A. Roy, K. R. Choudhury, and T. J. Amrhein. “Inadvertent Intrafacet Injection during Lumbar Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injection: A Comparison of CT Fluoroscopic and Conventional Fluoroscopic Guidance.” Ajnr Am J Neuroradiol 38, no. 2 (February 2017): 398–402. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5000.
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    • Ceponis, Peter J., William Fox, Tina D. Tailor, Lynne M. Hurwitz, Timothy J. Amrhein, and Richard E. Moon. “Non-dysbaric arterial gas embolism associated with chronic necrotizing pneumonia, bullae and coughing: a case report.” Undersea Hyperb Med 44, no. 1 (January 2017): 73–77. https://doi.org/10.22462/1.2.2017.16.
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    • Kranz, Peter G., Timothy J. Amrhein, Kingshuk Roy Choudhury, Teerath Peter Tanpitukpongse, and Linda Gray. “Time-Dependent Changes in Dural Enhancement Associated With Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 207, no. 6 (December 2016): 1283–87. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.16.16381.
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    • Kranz, Peter G., Teerath P. Tanpitukpongse, Kingshuk Roy Choudhury, Timothy J. Amrhein, and Linda Gray. “How common is normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure in spontaneous intracranial hypotension?” Cephalalgia 36, no. 13 (November 2016): 1209–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102415623071.
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    • Amrhein, T. J., N. T. Befera, L. Gray, and P. G. Kranz. “CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Blood Patching of Ventral CSF Leaks by Direct Needle Placement in the Ventral Epidural Space Using a Transforaminal Approach.” Ajnr Am J Neuroradiol 37, no. 10 (October 2016): 1951–56. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4842.
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    • Amrhein, Timothy J., Anand B. Joshi, and Peter G. Kranz. “Technique for CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Lumbar Medial Branch Blocks and Radiofrequency Ablation.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 207, no. 3 (September 2016): 631–34. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.15.15694.
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    • Ruth, N. M., T. Amrhein, M. Passo, and G. Gilkeson. “Childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Complicated by Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in the Context of Kidney Dialysis and Plasma Exchange in Pediatric Lupus.” Journal of Pediatric Neurology 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 105–9. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1587600.
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    • Kranz, P. G., T. J. Amrhein, W. I. Schievink, I. O. Karikari, and L. Gray. “The "Hyperdense Paraspinal Vein" Sign: A Marker of CSF-Venous Fistula.” Ajnr Am J Neuroradiol 37, no. 7 (July 2016): 1379–81. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4682.
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    • Kranz, P. G., T. P. Tanpitukpongse, K. R. Choudhury, T. J. Amrhein, and L. Gray. “Imaging Signs in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Prevalence and Relationship to CSF Pressure.” Ajnr Am J Neuroradiol 37, no. 7 (July 2016): 1374–78. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4689.
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    • Amrhein, Timothy J., J Scott Schauberger, Peter G. Kranz, and Jenny K. Hoang. “Reducing Patient Radiation Exposure From CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Lumbar Spine Pain Injections by Targeting the Planning CT.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 206, no. 2 (February 2016): 390–94. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.15.14436.
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    • Kranz, Peter G., Patrick H. Luetmer, Felix E. Diehn, Timothy J. Amrhein, Teerath Peter Tanpitukpongse, and Linda Gray. “Myelographic Techniques for the Detection of Spinal CSF Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 206, no. 1 (January 2016): 8–19. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.15.14884.
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    • Kranz, P. G., T. J. Amrhein, and L. Gray. “Incidence of Inadvertent Intravascular Injection during CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Epidural Steroid Injections.” Ajnr Am J Neuroradiol 36, no. 5 (May 2015): 1000–1007. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4219.
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    • Kranz, Peter G., Timothy J. Amrhein, and James M. Provenzale. “Spontaneous brain parenchymal hemorrhage: an approach to imaging for the emergency room radiologist.” Emerg Radiol 22, no. 1 (February 2015): 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-014-1245-x.
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    • Amrhein, Timothy J., Ali Tabesh, Heather R. Collins, Leonie L. Gordon, Joseph A. Helpern, and Jens H. Jensen. “Instituting a radiology residency scholarly activity program.” Educ Health (Abingdon) 28, no. 1 (January 2015): 68–73. https://doi.org/10.4103/1357-6283.161906.
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    • Amrhein, T. J., B. E. Paxton, M. P. Lungren, N. T. Befera, H. R. Collins, C. Yurko, J. D. Eastwood, and R. K. Kilani. “Physician self-referral and imaging use appropriateness: negative cervical spine MRI frequency as an assessment metric.” Ajnr Am J Neuroradiol 35, no. 12 (December 2014): 2248–53. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4076.
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    • Kranz, P. G., T. J. Amrhein, and L. Gray. “Rebound intracranial hypertension: a complication of epidural blood patching for intracranial hypotension.” Ajnr Am J Neuroradiol 35, no. 6 (June 2014): 1237–40. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3841.
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    • Lungren, Matthew P., Timothy J. Amrhein, Ben E. Paxton, Ramesh C. Srinivasan, Heather R. Collins, James D. Eastwood, and Ramsey K. Kilani. “Physician self-referral: frequency of negative findings at MR imaging of the knee as a marker of appropriate utilization.” Radiology 269, no. 3 (December 2013): 810–15. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.13130281.
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    • Amrhein, Timothy J., Matthew P. Lungren, Ben E. Paxton, Ramesh Srinivasan, Sin-Ho Jung, Miao Yu, James D. Eastwood, and Ramsey K. Kilani. “Journal Club: Shoulder MRI utilization: relationship of physician MRI equipment ownership to negative study frequency.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 201, no. 3 (September 2013): 605–10. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.12.9977.
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    • Mouraviev, Vladimir, Talaignair N. Venkatraman, Artak Tovmasyan, Masaki Kimura, Matvey Tsivian, Vladimira Mouravieva, Tom J. Polascik, et al. “Mn porphyrins as novel molecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.” J Endourol 26, no. 11 (November 2012): 1420–24. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2012.0171.
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    • Mouraviev, Vladimir, Talaignair N. Venkatraman, Artak Tovmasyan, Masaki Kimura, Matvey Tsivian, Vladimira Mouravieva, Tom J. Polascik, et al. “Mn-porphyrins as novel molecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.” J Endourol, November 3, 2011, 1420–24. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2011.0133.
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    • Amrhein, Timothy J., Charles Kim, Tony P. Smith, and L. Washington. “Bronchial artery arising from the left vertebral artery: case report and review of the literature.” J Clin Imaging Sci 1 (2011): 62. https://doi.org/10.4103/2156-7514.91135.
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    • Cosetti, Maura, Timothy Amrhein, and Christopher Linstrom. “Perioperative management of intracranial aneurysms and otologic disease.” Laryngoscope 117, no. 1 (January 2007): 35–39. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlg.0000246695.16366.c5.
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  • Book Sections

    • Amrhein, T. J., J. P. Jennings, C. M. Carr, and W. S. Bartynski. “Back pain.” In Imaging Acute Neurologic Disease: A Symptom-Based Approach, 76–90, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139565653.006.
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    • Amrhein, T. J., and C. Y. Kim. “Vascular radiology: Case 20.” In Duke Radiology Case Review: Imaging, Differential Diagnosis, and Discussion: 2nd Edition, 420–21, 2012.
    • Kim, C. Y., G. E. Newman, T. P. Smith, D. J. Stackhouse, P. V. Suhocki, C. S. Payne, K. Husum, et al. “Vascular radiology.” In Duke Radiology Case Review: Imaging, Differential Diagnosis, and Discussion: 2nd Edition, 381, 2012.
    • Duncan, Scott M., and Timothy J. Amrhein. “Time-of-Flight Imaging.” In Duke Review of MRI Principles, 173–85. Elsevier, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-0084-4.00011-5.
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    • Duncan, Scott M., and Timothy J. Amrhein. “T2 Contrast.” In Duke Review of MRI Principles, 19–41. Elsevier, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-0084-4.00002-4.
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    • Duncan, Scott M., and Timothy J. Amrhein. “Chemical Shift Type 2 Artifact.” In Duke Review of MRI Principles, 99–110. Elsevier, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-0084-4.00007-3.
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    • Duncan, Scott M., and Timothy J. Amrhein. “Flow-Related Contrast.” In Duke Review of MRI Principles, 151–71. Elsevier, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-0084-4.00010-3.
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    • Duncan, Scott M., and Timothy J. Amrhein. “Phase Contrast.” In Duke Review of MRI Principles, 201–12. Elsevier, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-0084-4.00013-9.
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