Timothy Garvey Turkington

Timothy Garvey Turkington
Associate Professor in Radiology

My work focuses on PET imaging physics, including instrumentation, reconstruction, and image processing. We're working toward more quantitatively accurate PET, reduction in scan times and radiation dose in PET/CT, novel imaging devices for PET (and SPECT), and application of PET to more clinical and research needs. Positron Emission Tomography is now in widespread use as a clinical tool for oncology, neurology, and cardiology, and continues to be used as a research tool in these areas.

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Associate Professor in Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 2021
Faculty Network Member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, University Institutes and Centers 2022

Contact Information

0402 South Hospital, Durham, NC 27710
Box 3949 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
timothy.turkington@duke.edu (919) 684-7706

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., Duke University 1989
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Associate Professor in Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 2018 - 2020
- Associate Professor in Radiology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, Radiology 2006 - 2018
- Associate Research Professor in Radiology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, Radiology 2004 - 2006
- Associate Research Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2003 - 2005
- Associate Research Professor in Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 2001 - 2004
- Assistant Research Professor in Radiology, Radiology, Clinical Science Departments 1994 - 2001
- Assistant Research Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 1998 - 1999
Expertise
Subject Headings
Research
Selected Grants
- RSNA 2016 Project awarded by Radiological Society of North America 2014 - 2018
- RSNA Award awarded by Radiological Society of North America 2014
- Simultaneous Emission and Transmission Mammotomography awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2014
- Harmonized PET Reconstructions for Cancer Clinical Trails awarded by University of Iowa 2013 - 2014
- Cross-disciplinary Training in Medical Physics awarded by National Institutes of Health 2007 - 2013
- Small Animal PET / CT Molecular Imaging awarded by National Institutes of Health 2011 - 2012
- Optimizing and Evaluating an Integrated SPECT-CmT System Dedicated to Improved 3-D Breast Cancer Imaging 2008 - 2010
- Neuroimaging of age related cognitive changes. awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 2008
- Radiation-Induced Cardiopulmonary Injury in Humans awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 2008
- FDG-PEM Detection - Characterization of Breast Cancer awarded by National Institutes of Health 2004 - 2007
- Same awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2005
- Molecular Imaging Center Planning Grant awarded by National Institutes of Health 2000 - 2004
- Same awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2001
External Relationships
- Data Spectrum Corporation
- Inviscan Imaging Systems
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Samanta, Suranjana, Jianyong Jiang, Mahdjoub Hamdi, Alan Z. Register, Stanislaw Majewski, Mark B. Williams, Timothy G. Turkington, et al. “Performance comparison of a dedicated total breast PET system with a clinical whole-body PET system: a simulation study.” Phys Med Biol 66, no. 11 (May 20, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/abfb16.
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  - Tornai, Martin, Suranjana Samanta, Stanislaw Majewski, Mark Williams, Timothy Turkington, Alan Register, Jianyong Jiang, Sergei Dolinsky, Joseph O’Sullivan, and Yuan-Chuan Tai. “High sensitivity dedicated dual-breast PET/MR imaging: concept and preliminary simulations.” Edited by Hilde Bosmans, Nicholas Marshall, and Chantal Van Ongeval. Proceedings of Spie 11513, no. 1151318 (May 22, 2020): 1151318-1-1151318–6. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2563650.
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  - Kinahan, Paul E., Eric S. Perlman, John J. Sunderland, Rathan Subramaniam, Scott D. Wollenweber, Timothy G. Turkington, Martin A. Lodge, Ronald Boellaard, Nancy A. Obuchowski, and Richard L. Wahl. “The QIBA Profile for FDG PET/CT as an Imaging Biomarker Measuring Response to Cancer Therapy.” Radiology 294, no. 3 (March 2020): 647–57. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019191882.
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  - Howard, Brandon A., Rustain Morgan, Matthew P. Thorpe, Timothy G. Turkington, Jorge Oldan, Olga G. James, and Salvador Borges-Neto. “Comparison of Bayesian penalized likelihood reconstruction versus OS-EM for characterization of small pulmonary nodules in oncologic PET/CT.” Ann Nucl Med 31, no. 8 (October 2017): 623–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-017-1192-1.
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  - Renaud, Jennifer M., Kathy Yip, Jean Guimond, Mikaël Trottier, Philippe Pibarot, Eric Turcotte, Conor Maguire, et al. “Characterization of 3-Dimensional PET Systems for Accurate Quantification of Myocardial Blood Flow.” J Nucl Med 58, no. 1 (January 2017): 103–9. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.116.174565.
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  - Oldan, Jorge D., Timothy G. Turkington, Kingshuk Choudhury, and Bennett B. Chin. “Quantitative differences in [(18)F] NaF PET/CT: TOF versus non-TOF measurements.” Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 5, no. 5 (2015): 504–14.
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  - Jones, Lee W., Diane R. Fels, Miranda West, Jason D. Allen, Gloria Broadwater, William T. Barry, Lee G. Wilke, et al. “Modulation of circulating angiogenic factors and tumor biology by aerobic training in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.” Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 6, no. 9 (September 2013): 925–37. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0416.
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  - Wilson, Joshua M., and Timothy G. Turkington. “TOF-PET Small-Lesion Image Quality Measured Over a Range of Phantom Sizes.” Nuclear Science, Ieee Transactions On 60 (2013): 1589–95.
  - Rankine, L. J., J. M. Wilson, and T. G. Turkington. “Investigation of four phantoms for PET normalization.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, December 1, 2012, 3548–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2012.6551812.
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  - Turkington, Timothy, and Terence Wong. “R. Edward Coleman, MD, 1943-2012.” J Nucl Med 53, no. 8 (August 2012): 16N-17N.
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  - Roper, Justin R., James E. Bowsher, Joshua M. Wilson, Timothy G. Turkington, and Fang-Fang Yin. “Target localization using scanner-acquired SPECT data.” J Appl Clin Med Phys 13, no. 3 (May 10, 2012): 3724. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i3.3724.
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  - Higgins, Kristin A., Jenny K. Hoang, Michael C. Roach, Junzo Chino, David S. Yoo, Timothy G. Turkington, and David M. Brizel. “Analysis of pretreatment FDG-PET SUV parameters in head-and-neck cancer: tumor SUVmean has superior prognostic value.” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 548–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.11.050.
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  - Roach, Michael C., Timothy G. Turkington, Kristin A. Higgins, Thomas C. Hawk, Jenny K. Hoang, and David M. Brizel. “FDG-PET assessment of the effect of head and neck radiotherapy on parotid gland glucose metabolism.” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 321–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.08.055.
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  - Roper, J. R., J. E. Bowsher, J. M. Wilson, T. G. Turkington, and F. F. Yin. “Target localization using scanner-acquired SPECT data.” Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 13, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 108–23. https://doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v13i3.3724.
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  - Turkington, T. G. “PET imaging basics,” December 1, 2011, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-48902-5_2.
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  - Wilson, Joshua M., R Edward Coleman, and Timothy G. Turkington. “Variable-time positron emission tomography leg protocol to equalize noise for positron emission tomography/computed tomography acquisitions.” Nucl Med Commun 32, no. 9 (September 2011): 868–72. https://doi.org/10.1097/MNM.0b013e328347f1a3.
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  - Wilson, Joshua M., Stephen J. Lokitz, and Timothy G. Turkington. “Development of a fillable, tapered PET/CT phantom.” Nuclear Science, Ieee Transactions On 58 (2011): 651–59.
  - Adams, Michael C., Timothy G. Turkington, Joshua M. Wilson, and Terence Z. Wong. “A systematic review of the factors affecting accuracy of SUV measurements.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 195, no. 2 (August 2010): 310–20. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.10.4923.
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  - Rose, Jed E., Alexey G. Mukhin, Stephen J. Lokitz, Timothy G. Turkington, Joseph Herskovic, Frederique M. Behm, Sudha Garg, and Pradeep K. Garg. “Kinetics of brain nicotine accumulation in dependent and nondependent smokers assessed with PET and cigarettes containing 11C-nicotine.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, no. 11 (March 16, 2010): 5190–95. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909184107.
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  - Roper, J., J. Wilson, J. Bowsher, T. Turkington, and F. Yin. “SU-DD-A3-05: On-Board SPECT: Localization Study Using Scanner-Acquired Data.” Medical Physics 37 (2010): 3091–3091.
  - Wilson, Joshua M., Steven G. Ross, Timothy Deller, Evren Asma, Ravindra Manjeshwar, and Timothy G. Turkington. “A phantom study of regularized image reconstruction in PET.” Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Nss/Mic), 2010 Ieee, 2010, 3661–65.
  - Turkington, T. G., and J. M. Wilson. “Attenuation artifacts and time-of-flight PET.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, December 1, 2009, 2997–99. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2009.5401589.
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  - Hahn, Carol A., Su-Min Zhou, Renee Raynor, Andrea Tisch, Kim Light, Timothy Shafman, Terence Wong, et al. “Dose-dependent effects of radiation therapy on cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and neurocognitive dysfunction.” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 73, no. 4 (March 15, 2009): 1082–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.05.061.
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  - Wilson, Joshua M., and Timothy G. Turkington. “TOF-PET small-lesion image quality measured over a range of phantom sizes.” Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (Nss/Mic), 2009 Ieee, 2009, 3710–14.
  - Chin, Bennett B., Edward D. Green, Timothy G. Turkington, Thomas C. Hawk, and R Edward Coleman. “Increasing uptake time in FDG-PET: standardized uptake values in normal tissues at 1 versus 3 h.” Mol Imaging Biol 11, no. 2 (2009): 118–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-008-0177-9.
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  - Colsher, J. G., J. Hsieh, J. B. Thibault, A. Lonn, T. Pan, S. J. Lokitz, and T. G. Turkington. “Ultra low dose CT for attenuation correction in PET/CT.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, December 1, 2008, 5506–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2008.4774499.
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  - Wilson, J. M., S. J. Lokitz, and T. G. Turkington. “Development of a fillable, tapered PET/CT phantom.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, December 1, 2008, 3898–3902. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2008.4774134.
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  - Sharma, Amy C., Timothy G. Turkington, Georgia D. Tourassi, and Carey E. Floyd. “Near-Field High-Energy Spectroscopic Gamma Imaging Using a Rotation Modulation Collimator.” Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 266, no. 22 (November 2008): 4938–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.07.036.
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  - Adams, George L., Mark A. Trimble, Rhoda B. Brosnan, Cheryl A. Russo, Dan Rusband, Emily F. Honeycutt, Linda K. Shaw, et al. “Evaluation of combined cardiac positron emission tomography and coronary computed tomography angiography for the detection of coronary artery disease.” Nucl Med Commun 29, no. 7 (July 2008): 593–98. https://doi.org/10.1097/MNM.0b013e3282f8143b.
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  - Wilson, J. M., and T. G. Turkington. “Multisphere phantom and analysis algorithm for PET image quality assessment.” Phys Med Biol 53, no. 12 (June 21, 2008): 3267–78. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/53/12/013.
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  - Patton, James A., and Timothy G. Turkington. “SPECT/CT physical principles and attenuation correction.” J Nucl Med Technol 36, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnmt.107.046839.
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  - Bunyaviroch, Tira, Timothy G. Turkington, Terence Z. Wong, John W. Wilson, James G. Colsher, and R Edward Coleman. “Quantitative effects of contrast enhanced CT attenuation correction on PET SUV measurements.” Mol Imaging Biol 10, no. 2 (2008): 107–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-007-0126-z.
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  - Lokitz, S. J., J. M. Wilson, and T. G. Turkington. “Development of a phantom to simulate a wide range of body sizes.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 5 (December 1, 2007): 3713–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2007.4436928.
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  - Rose, Jed E., Frederique M. Behm, Alfred N. Salley, James E. Bates, R Edward Coleman, Thomas C. Hawk, and Timothy G. Turkington. “Regional brain activity correlates of nicotine dependence.” Neuropsychopharmacology 32, no. 12 (December 2007): 2441–52. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301379.
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  - Turkington, T. G., J. M. Wilson, J. E. Bowsher, and D. R. Gilland. “Limiting iterations vs. post smoothing for noise control in PET.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 4 (December 1, 2007): 2772–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2007.4436715.
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  - Chin, Bennett B., Scott D. Metzler, Anthony Lemaire, Antonio Curcio, Sreekanth Vemulapalli, Kim L. Greer, Neil A. Petry, et al. “Left ventricular functional assessment in mice: feasibility of high spatial and temporal resolution ECG-gated blood pool SPECT.” Radiology 245, no. 2 (November 2007): 440–48. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2452061973.
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  - Yamamoto, Yuka, Terence Z. Wong, Timothy G. Turkington, Thomas C. Hawk, and R Edward Coleman. “Head and neck cancer: dedicated FDG PET/CT protocol for detection--phantom and initial clinical studies.” Radiology 244, no. 1 (July 2007): 263–72. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2433060043.
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  - Wilson, Joshua M., and Timothy G. Turkington. “Development of a PET protocol to equalize noise for PET/CT leg acquisitions.” Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2007. Nss’07. Ieee 5 (2007): 3246–49.
  - Laymon, Charles M., and Timothy G. Turkington. “Characterization of septal penetration in 511 keV SPECT.” Nucl Med Commun 27, no. 11 (November 2006): 901–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mnm.0000239478.46157.64.
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  - Dura, E., P. Madhav, S. J. Cutler, T. G. Turkington, and M. P. Tornai. “Initial comparison of registration and fusion of SPECT-CmT mammotomography images.” Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie 6144 II (June 22, 2006). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.654477.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., D. M. DeLong, T. G. Turkington, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Aligning emission tomography and MRI images by optimizing the emission-tomography image reconstruction objective function.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 53, no. 3 (June 1, 2006): 1248–58. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2006.875467.
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  - Yamamoto, Yuka, Terence Z. Wong, Timothy G. Turkington, Thomas C. Hawk, David A. Reardon, and R Edward Coleman. “3'-Deoxy-3'-[F-18]fluorothymidine positron emission tomography in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: comparison with Gd-DTPA enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.” Mol Imaging Biol 8, no. 6 (2006): 340–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-006-0063-2.
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  - Lokitz, S. J., J. E. Rose, and T. G. Turkington. “Development of a system for the non-invasive measurement of the time course of [C-11] nicotine.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 3 (December 1, 2005): 1795–99. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596669.
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  - Mawlawi, O., J. W. Wilson, T. Pan, and T. G. Turkington. “Investigating the optimum lower energy threshold of a new research PET/CT scanner.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 4 (December 1, 2005): 2054–56. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596737.
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  - Turkington, T. G., J. J. Williams, J. W. Wilson, J. G. Colsher, D. L. McDaniel, C. L. Kim, S. G. Ross, C. W. Stearns, and S. D. Wollenweber. “Performance of a BGO PET/CT with higher resolution PET detectors.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 4 (December 1, 2005): 1891–94. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596701.
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  - Wilson, J. W., T. G. Turkington, J. M. Wilson, J. G. Colsher, and S. G. Ross. “Image quality vs. NEC in 2D and 3D PET.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 4 (December 1, 2005): 2133–37. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2005.1596756.
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  - Rosen, Eric L., Timothy G. Turkington, Mary Scott Soo, Jay A. Baker, and R Edward Coleman. “Detection of primary breast carcinoma with a dedicated, large-field-of-view FDG PET mammography device: initial experience.” Radiology 234, no. 2 (February 2005): 527–34. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2342040654.
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  - Wong, Terence Z., Timothy G. Turkington, Thomas J. Polascik, and R Edward Coleman. “ProstaScint (capromab pendetide) imaging using hybrid gamma camera-CT technology.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 184, no. 2 (February 2005): 676–80. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.184.2.01840676.
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  - Tipnis, U. J., M. F. Smith, T. G. Turkington, J. Wilson, S. Majewski, B. Kross, R. Wojcik, and D. R. Gilland. “A simulation study of a bedside cardiac PET imager.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 5 (December 1, 2004): 3126–29.
  - Turkington, T. G., J. W. Wilson, and J. G. Colsher. “Adjusting the low energy threshold for large bodies in PET.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 5 (December 1, 2004): 2872–76.
  - Turkington, T. G., M. F. Smith, T. C. Hawk, S. Majewski, B. J. Kross, R. Wojcik, A. G. Weisenberger, T. R. DeGrado, and R. E. Coleman. “PET prostate imaging with small planar detectors.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 5 (December 1, 2004): 2806–9.
  - Wilson, J. W., T. G. Turkington, J. G. Colsher, S. Borges-Neto, R. E. Reiman, and R. E. Coleman. “Optimizing sequential dual tracer P.E.T. studies using a combined 2D/3D imaging protocol.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 6 (December 1, 2004): 3357–60.
  - Rohren, Eric M., Timothy G. Turkington, and R Edward Coleman. “Clinical applications of PET in oncology.” Radiology 231, no. 2 (May 2004): 305–32. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2312021185.
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  - Wong, Terence Z., Timothy G. Turkington, Thomas C. Hawk, and R Edward Coleman. “PET and brain tumor image fusion.” Cancer J 10, no. 4 (2004): 234–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/00130404-200407000-00004.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., D. M. Delong, T. G. Turkington, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Aligning emission tomography and MRI images by optimizing the emission-tomography image reconstruction objective function.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 4 (December 1, 2003): 2562–65.
  - Ringel, Yehuda, Douglas A. Drossman, Timothy G. Turkington, Barbara Bradshaw, Thomas C. Hawk, Shrikant Bangdiwala, R Edward Coleman, and William E. Whitehead. “Regional brain activation in response to rectal distension in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and the effect of a history of abuse.” Dig Dis Sci 48, no. 9 (September 2003): 1774–81. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025455330704.
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  - Whiting, Wythe L., David J. Madden, Linda K. Langley, Laura L. Denny, Timothy G. Turkington, James M. Provenzale, Thomas C. Hawk, and R Edward Coleman. “Lexical and sublexical components of age-related changes in neural activation during visual word identification.” J Cogn Neurosci 15, no. 3 (April 1, 2003): 475–87. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892903321593171.
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  - Rose, Jed E., Frederique M. Behm, Eric C. Westman, Roy J. Mathew, Edythe D. London, Thomas C. Hawk, Timothy G. Turkington, and R Edward Coleman. “PET studies of the influences of nicotine on neural systems in cigarette smokers.” Am J Psychiatry 160, no. 2 (February 2003): 323–33. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.2.323.
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  - Laymon, C. M., J. E. Bowsher, and T. G. Turkington. “Recovery of localized defects in PET attenuation-correction images.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 3 (January 1, 2003): 1949–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2003.1352261.
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  - Smith, M. F., S. Majewski, A. G. Weisenberger, D. A. Kieper, R. R. Raylman, and T. G. Turkington. “Analysis of factors affecting positron emission mammography (PEM) image formation.” Ieee Trans. Nucl. Sci. (Usa) 50, no. 1 (2003): 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2002.807942.
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  - Mathew, Roy J., William H. Wilson, Timothy G. Turkington, Thomas C. Hawk, R Edward Coleman, Timothy R. DeGrado, and James Provenzale. “Time course of tetrahydrocannabinol-induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow measured with positron emission tomography.” Psychiatry Res 116, no. 3 (December 30, 2002): 173–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4927(02)00069-0.
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  - Pagnanelli, Robert A., Michael W. Hanson, Timothy Turkington, R Edward Coleman, and Salvador Borges-Neto. “Gated 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 18F-FDG studies: a comparison of single-acquisition and separate-acquisition protocols.” J Nucl Med Technol 30, no. 4 (December 2002): 175–78.
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  - Turkington, T. G., S. Majewski, A. G. Weisenberger, V. Popov, M. F. Smith, W. H. Sampson, R. Wojcik, and D. Kieper. “A Large Field of View Positron Emission Mammography Imager.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (December 1, 2002): 1883–86.
  - Turkington, T. G., T. R. DeGrado, and W. H. Sampson. “Small spheres for lesion detection phantoms.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 4 (August 31, 2002): 2234–37.
  - Madden, David J., Linda K. Langley, Laura L. Denny, Timothy G. Turkington, James M. Provenzale, Thomas C. Hawk, and R Edward Coleman. “Adult age differences in visual word identification: functional neuroanatomy by positron emission tomography.” Brain Cogn 49, no. 3 (August 2002): 297–321. https://doi.org/10.1006/brcg.2001.1502.
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  - Kalman, Sandra. “Introduction to PET Instrumentation.” J Nucl Med Technol 30, no. 2 (June 2002): 63.
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  - Turkington, Timothy G., and R Edward Coleman. “Clinical oncologic positron emission tomography: an introduction.” Semin Roentgenol 37, no. 2 (April 2002): 102–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0037-198x(02)80029-3.
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  - Madden, David J., Timothy G. Turkington, James M. Provenzale, Laura L. Denny, Linda K. Langley, Thomas C. Hawk, and R Edward Coleman. “Aging and attentional guidance during visual search: functional neuroanatomy by positron emission tomography.” Psychol Aging 17, no. 1 (March 2002): 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.17.1.24.
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  - Smith, M. F., S. Majewski, A. G. Weisenberger, D. A. Kieper, R. R. Raylman, and T. G. Turkington. “Analysis of factors affecting positron emission mammography (PEM) image formation.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 4 (January 1, 2002): 2253–57. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2001.1009272.
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  - Turkington, T. G., W. H. Sampson, and R. E. Coleman. “Characteristics of a rotating gamma camera with 1-inch sodium iodide detectors for SPECT and PET.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 42, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 98P-98P.
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  - Ringel, Yehuda, Douglas A. Drossman, Timothy G. Turkington, Barbara H. Bradshaw, Robert E. Coleman, Stuart Wg Derbyshire, and William E. Whitehead. “Alterations in regional decreased cerebral blood flow in patients with irritable bowel syndrome-A PET imaging study.” Gastroenterology 120, no. 5 (April 2001): A637–A637. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(08)83168-x.
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  - Turkington, T. G. “Introduction to PET instrumentation.” J Nucl Med Technol 29, no. 1 (March 2001): 4–11.
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  - Laymon, C. M., and T. G. Turkington. “The effects of axial transmission resolution in PET.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 48, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 876–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.940179.
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  - Tenney, C. R., M. P. Tornai, M. F. Smith, T. G. Turkington, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Uranium pinhole collimators for 511-keV photon SPECT imaging of small volumes.” Ieee Trans. Nucl. Sci. (Usa) 48, no. 4 (2001): 1483–89. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.958384.
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  - Turkington, T. G., W. H. Sampson, J. S. Ha, P. D. Kirven, and R. J. Jaszczak. “A whole body phantom for 3D PET.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (December 1, 2000).
  - Turkington, T. G., and W. H. Sampson. “Optimizing septal spacing for gamma camera PET imaging.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (December 1, 2000).
  - Turkington, T. G. “Attenuation correction in hybrid positron emission tomography.” Semin Nucl Med 30, no. 4 (October 2000): 255–67. https://doi.org/10.1053/snuc.2000.9542.
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  - Patton, J. A., M. Wilk, T. G. Turkington, A. Balan, and M. P. Sandler. “Cardiac SPECT attenuation correction using an integrated x-ray CT/dual-head scintillation camera system.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 41, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 22P-22P.
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  - Turkington, T. G., and R. E. Coleman. “Effects of reconstruction methods and attenuation correction on hot bladder artifacts in PET.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 41, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 194P-194P.
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  - Laymon, C. M., T. G. Turkington, D. R. Gilland, and R. E. Coleman. “Transmission scanning system for a gamma camera coincidence scanner.” J Nucl Med 41, no. 4 (April 2000): 692–99.
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  - Ringel, Y., D. A. Drossman, T. G. Turkington, T. C. Hawk, B. H. Bradshaw, R. E. Coleman, and W. E. Whitehead. “Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) dysfunction in subjects with sexual/physical abuse.” Gastroenterology 118, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): A444–A444.
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  - Ringel, Y., D. A. Drossman, T. G. Turkington, T. C. Hawk, B. H. Bradshaw, R. E. Coleman, and W. E. Whitehead. “Dysfunction of the motivational-effective pain system in patients with IBS: Pet brain imaging in response to rectal balloon distension.” Gastroenterology 118, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): A444–A444.
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  - Turkington, T. G. “Optimizing rotating gamma camera PET for brain imaging.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 47, no. 3 PART 3 (January 1, 2000): 1196–1201. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.856569.
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  - Wilson, W., R. Mathew, T. Turkington, T. Hawk, R. E. Coleman, and J. Provenzale. “Brain morphological changes and early marijuana use: a magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography study.” J Addict Dis 19, no. 1 (2000): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1300/J069v19n01_01.
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  - Laymon, C. M., and T. G. Turkington. “Calculation of attenuation factors from combined singles and coincidence emission projections.” Ieee Trans Med Imaging 18, no. 12 (December 1999): 1194–1200. https://doi.org/10.1109/42.819329.
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  - Madden, D. J., L. R. Gottlob, L. L. Denny, T. G. Turkington, J. M. Provenzale, T. C. Hawk, and R. E. Coleman. “Aging and recognition memory: changes in regional cerebral blood flow associated with components of reaction time distributions.” J Cogn Neurosci 11, no. 5 (September 1999): 511–20. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892999563571.
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  - Mathew, R. J., W. H. Wilson, N. Y. Chiu, T. G. Turkington, T. R. Degrado, and R. E. Coleman. “Regional cerebral blood flow and depersonalization after tetrahydrocannabinol administration.” Acta Psychiatr Scand 100, no. 1 (July 1999): 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10916.x.
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  - Tornai, M. P., R. J. Jaszczak, T. G. Turkington, and R. E. Coleman. “Small-animal PET: advent of a new era of PET research.” J Nucl Med 40, no. 7 (July 1999): 1176–79.
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  - Hagge, R. J., T. G. Turkington, S. Borges-Neto, M. W. Hanson, and R. E. Coleman. “Comparison of diagnostic performance in brain PET imaging using 3D and 2D acquisition modes.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 40, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 118P-118P.
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  - Turkington, T. G., C. M. Laymon, N. Wainer, J. P. Bouhnik, and R. E. Coleman. “Design and performance of a self-shielded CS-137 multiple-point-source transmission scanning system for rotating gamma camera.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 40, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 34P-34P.
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  - Turkington, T. G., N. E. Williams, S. M. Hamblen, and R. E. Coleman. “Regional FDG uptake, attenuation, and geometries measurements for whole body phantom design.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 40, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 281P-281P.
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  - Provenzale, J. M., M. A. Arata, T. G. Turkington, R. E. McLendon, and R. E. Coleman. “Gangliogliomas: characterization by registered positron emission tomography-MR images.” Ajr Am J Roentgenol 172, no. 4 (April 1999): 1103–7. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.172.4.10587156.
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  - Coleman, R. E., C. M. Laymon, and T. G. Turkington. “FDG imaging of lung nodules: a phantom study comparing SPECT, camera-based PET, and dedicated PET.” Radiology 210, no. 3 (March 1999): 823–28. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.210.3.r99mr18823.
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  - Patton, J. A., and T. G. Turkington. “Coincidence imaging with a dual-head scintillation camera.” J Nucl Med 40, no. 3 (March 1999): 432–41.
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  - Munley, M. T., L. B. Marks, C. Scarfone, G. S. Sibley, E. F. Patz, T. G. Turkington, R. J. Jaszczak, D. R. Gilland, M. S. Anscher, and R. E. Coleman. “Multimodality nuclear medicine imaging in three-dimensional radiation treatment planning for lung cancer: challenges and prospects.” Lung Cancer 23, no. 2 (February 1999): 105–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5002(99)00005-7.
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  - Coleman, R. E., T. C. Hawk, S. M. Hamblen, S. M. Cnmt, C. M. Laymon, and T. G. Turkington. “Detection of Recurrent Brain Tumor. Comparison of MR Registered Camera-Based and Dedicated PET Images.” Clin Positron Imaging 2, no. 1 (January 1999): 57–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1095-0397(98)00058-2.
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  - Laymon, C. M., and T. G. Turkington. “Calculation of attenuation factors from combined singles and coincidence emission projections.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference 3 (January 1, 1999): 2000–2004.
  - Turkington, T. G., C. M. Laymon, K. G. Schopfer, R. E. Coleman, and N. Wainer. “Multiple point sources collimated with transaxial septa for high energy gamma camera transmission scanning.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 46, no. 6 PART 3 (January 1, 1999): 2247–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.819311.
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  - Madden, D. J., T. G. Turkington, J. M. Provenzale, L. L. Denny, T. C. Hawk, L. R. Gottlob, and R. E. Coleman. “Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of verbal recognition memory.” Hum Brain Mapp 7, no. 2 (1999): 115–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1999)7:2<115::aid-hbm5>3.0.co;2-n.
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  - Laymon, C. M., T. G. Turkington, and R. E. Coleman. “Attenuation effects in gamma-camera coincidence imaging.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 45, no. 6 PART 2 (December 1, 1998): 3115–21. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.737673.
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  - Vallée, J. P., H. D. Sostman, J. R. MacFall, T. R. DeGrado, J. Zhang, L. Sebbag, F. R. Cobb, et al. “Quantification of myocardial perfusion by MRI after coronary occlusion.” Magn Reson Med 40, no. 2 (August 1998): 287–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910400215.
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  - Mathew, R. J., W. H. Wilson, T. G. Turkington, and R. E. Coleman. “Cerebellar activity and disturbed time sense after THC.” Brain Res 797, no. 2 (June 29, 1998): 183–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00375-8.
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  - Gilland, D. R., R. J. Jaszczak, T. G. Turkington, and R. E. Coleman. “Comparison of transmission acquisition approaches for SPECT nonuniform attenuation compensation.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 45, no. 3 (June 1998): 1244–49. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.682010.
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  - Al-Sugair, A., S. M. Hamblen, C. E. Laymon, T. G. Turkington, and R. E. Coleman. “Lesion detection using nonattenuation corrected dedicated and camera-based PET compared with attenuation corrected dedicated PET.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 39, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 109P-109P.
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  - Coleman, R. E., C. E. Laymon, and T. G. Turkington. “Positron imaging of pulmonary nodules: Phantom study.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 39, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 108P-108P.
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  - Coleman, R. E., T. C. Hawk, S. M. Hamblen, C. E. Laymon, and T. G. Turkington. “Detection of recurrent brain tumor: Comparison of MR registered camera-based (CB) and dedicated (D) PET images.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 39, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 257P-257P.
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  - Laymon, C. M., T. G. Turkington, D. R. Gilland, and R. E. Coleman. “Transmission scanning on a gamma camera coincidence imaging system.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 39, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 92P-93P.
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  - Jangl, S., R. J. Jaszczak, M. W. Benjamin, C. E. Metz, D. R. Gilland, T. G. Turkington, and R. Edward Coleman. “ROC evaluation of SPECT myocardial lesion detectability with and without single itération non-uniform chang atténuation compensation using an anthropomorphic female phantom.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 45, no. 4 PART 2 (January 1, 1998): 2080–88. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.708303.
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  - Madden, D. J., T. G. Turkington, J. M. Provenzale, L. L. Denny, T. C. Hawk, L. R. Gottlob, and R. E. Coleman. “Age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow during verbal recognition memory: Evidence from H2¹⁵O PET.” Neuroimage 7, no. 4 PART II (January 1, 1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31358-2.
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  - Gilland, D. R., R. J. Jaszczak, T. G. Turkington, and R. E. Coleman. “Comparison of transmission acquisition approaches for SPECT nonuniform attenuation compensation.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference 2 (December 1, 1997): 1556–60.
  - Jang, S., R. J. Jaszczak, B. M. W. Tsui, C. E. Metz, D. R. Gilland, T. G. Turkington, and R. E. Coleman. “ROC evaluation of SPECT myocardial lesion detectability with and without non-uniform attenuation compensation using an anthropomorphic female phantom.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference 2 (December 1, 1997): 998–1002.
  - Laymon, C. M., T. G. Turkington, and R. E. Coleman. “Attenuation effects in gamma-camera coincidence imaging.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference 2 (December 1, 1997): 1664–68.
  - Turkington, T. G., C. M. Laymon, R. Edward Coleman, and J. A. Patton. “Imaging properties of a half-inch sodium iodide gamma camera.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 44, no. 3 PART 2 (December 1, 1997): 1262–65. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.596998.
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  - Turkington, T. G., T. R. Degrado, M. W. Hanson, and R. Edward Coleman. “Alignment of dynamic cardiac PET images for correction of motion.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 44, no. 2 (December 1, 1997): 235–42. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.568814.
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  - Turkington, T. G., and C. M. Laymon. “Scatter correction for two-camera coincidence imaging.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference 2 (December 1, 1997): 1198–1202.
  - Higdon, D. M., J. E. Bowsher, V. E. Johnson, T. G. Turkington, D. R. Gilland, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Fully Bayesian estimation of Gibbs hyperparameters for emission computed tomography data.” Ieee Trans Med Imaging 16, no. 5 (October 1997): 516–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/42.640741.
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  - Laymon, C. M., T. G. Turkington, and R. E. Coleman. “Effects of collimator septal penetration on 511 keV SPECT images.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 38, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 937–937.
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  - Turkington, T. G., T. R. DeGrado, and R. E. Coleman. “Optimal dose division for two-injection, two-condition FDG PET brain studies.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 38, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 470–470.
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  - Mathew, R. J., W. H. Wilson, R. E. Coleman, T. G. Turkington, and T. R. DeGrado. “Marijuana intoxication and brain activation in marijuana smokers.” Life Sci 60, no. 23 (1997): 2075–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00195-1.
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  - Madden, D. J., T. G. Turkington, J. M. Provenzale, T. C. Hawk, J. M. Hoffman, and R. E. Coleman. “Selective and divided visual attention: age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow measured by H2(15)O PET.” Hum Brain Mapp 5, no. 6 (1997): 389–409. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:6<389::AID-HBM1>3.0.CO;2-#.
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  - Turkington, T. G., C. M. Laymon, R. E. Coleman, and J. A. Patton. “Imaging properties of half-inch sodium iodide gamma camera.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference 2 (December 1, 1996): 1162–65.
  - Clair, E. W. S., B. Gordon, T. G. Turkington, S. Martinez, C. E. Spritzer, and R. E. Coleman. “Quantitative assessment of the therapeutic response to chimeric anti-TNF in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by positron emission tomography (PET).” Arthritis and Rheumatism 39, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 1290–1290.
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  - Bahtiarian, E. A., T. G. Turkington, T. C. Hawk, and R. E. Coleman. “Impact of image registration on the interpretation of MRI and FDG PET images in patients with known or suspected brain tumors.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 37, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 76–76.
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  - Hagge, R. J., T. G. Turkington, S. M. Hamblen, E. A. Bahtiarian, S. BorgesNeto, M. W. Hanson, and R. E. Coleman. “Comparison of subjective image quality of 2D vs 3D acquisition in clinical clinical brain PET.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 37, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 285–285.
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  - Hanson, M. W., T. R. DeGrado, T. G. Turkington, D. M. DeLong, M. J. Sullivan, B. D. Duscha, D. A. Brezinski, and R. E. Coleman. “The relationship of age and maximal oxygen consumption to myocardial blood flow in normal subjects assessed by dipyridamole N-13 ammonia PET.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 37, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 804–804.
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  - Turkington, T. G., M. Wilk, N. Wainer, and R. E. Coleman. “Correcting for emission contamination in SPECT scanning line source transmission data.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 37, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 65–65.
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  - Turkington, T. G., S. M. Hamblen, T. C. Hawk, T. R. DeGrado, and R. E. Coleman. “A quantitative evaluation of 3D PET in FDG brain imaging.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 37, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 993–993.
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  - Madden, D. J., T. G. Turkington, R. E. Coleman, J. M. Provenzale, T. R. DeGrado, and J. M. Hoffman. “Adult age differences in regional cerebral blood flow during visual world identification: evidence from H215O PET.” Neuroimage 3, no. 2 (April 1996): 127–42. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.1996.0015.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., V. E. Johnson, T. G. Turkington, R. J. Jaszczak, C. R. Floyd, and R. E. Coleman. “Bayesian reconstruction and use of anatomical a priori information for emission tomography.” Ieee Trans Med Imaging 15, no. 5 (1996): 673–86. https://doi.org/10.1109/42.538945.
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  - DeGrado, T. R., M. W. Hanson, T. G. Turkington, D. M. Delong, D. A. Brezinski, J. P. Vallée, L. W. Hedlund, et al. “Estimation of myocardial blood flow for longitudinal studies with 13N-labeled ammonia and positron emission tomography.” J Nucl Cardiol 3, no. 6 Pt 1 (1996): 494–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1071-3581(96)90059-8.
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  - Gilland, D. R., E. L. Johnson, T. G. Turkington, R. E. Coleman, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Evaluation of a pinhole collimator for I-131 SPECT head imaging.” Ieee Trans. Nucl. Sci. (Usa) 43, no. 4 (1996): 2230–38. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.531887.
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  - Gilland, D. R., E. L. Johnson, T. G. Turkington, R. E. Coleman, and R. J. Jaszczak. “SPECT imaging of iodine-131 distribution in the head.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference 2 (December 1, 1995): 1092–96.
  - Johnson, E. L., T. G. Turkington, R. J. Jaszczak, D. R. Gilland, G. Vaidyanathan, K. L. Greer, R. E. Coleman, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Quantitation of 211At in small volumes for evaluation of targeted radiotherapy in animal models.” Nucl Med Biol 22, no. 1 (January 1995): 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(94)00077-w.
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  - Turkington, T. G., J. M. Hoffman, R. J. Jaszczak, J. R. MacFall, C. C. Harris, C. D. Kilts, C. A. Pelizzari, and R. E. Coleman. “Accuracy of surface fit registration for PET and MR brain images using full and incomplete brain surfaces.” J Comput Assist Tomogr 19, no. 1 (1995): 117–24. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004728-199501000-00022.
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  - Gilland, D. R., R. J. Jaszczak, T. G. Turkington, K. L. Greer, and R. E. Coleman. “Volume and activity quantitation with iodine-123 SPECT.” J Nucl Med 35, no. 10 (October 1994): 1707–13.
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  - DeGrado, T. R., T. G. Turkington, J. J. Williams, C. W. Stearns, J. M. Hoffman, and R. E. Coleman. “Performance characteristics of a whole-body PET scanner.” J Nucl Med 35, no. 8 (August 1994): 1398–1406.
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  - JOHNSON, E. L., T. G. TURKINGTON, R. J. JASZCZAK, M. R. ZALUTSKY, D. R. GILLAND, G. VAIDYANATHAN, K. L. GREER, and R. E. COLEMAN. “QUANTITATIVE IMAGING OF AT-211 RADIOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS IN SMALL VOLUMES.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 35, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): P180–P180.
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  - Gilland, D. R., R. J. Jaszczak, H. Wang, T. G. Turkington, K. L. Greer, and R. E. Coleman. “A 3D model of non-uniform attenuation and detector response for efficient iterative reconstruction in SPECT.” Phys Med Biol 39, no. 3 (March 1994): 547–61. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/39/3/017.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., V. E. Johnson, T. G. Turkington, C. E. Floyd, R. J. Jaszczak, and R. E. Coleman. “Improved lesion detection and quantification in emission tomography using anatomical and physiological prior information.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference, no. pt 3 (January 1, 1994): 1907–11.
  - Li, J., R. J. Jaszczak, T. G. Turkington, C. E. Metz, D. R. Gilland, K. L. Greer, and R. E. Coleman. “An evaluation of lesion detectability with cone-beam, fanbeam and parallel-beam collimation in SPECT by continuous ROC study.” J Nucl Med 35, no. 1 (January 1994): 135–40.
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  - Turkington, T. G., R. E. Coleman, S. F. Schubert, and A. Ganin. “An Evaluation of Post Injection Transmission Measurement in PET1.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 41, no. 4 (January 1, 1994): 1538–44. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.322945.
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  - Turkington, T. G., R. E. Coleman, S. F. Schubert, and A. Ganin. “Evaluation of post-injection transmission measurement in PET.” Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium &Amp; Medical Imaging Conference, no. pt 3 (January 1, 1994): 1426–30.
  - Turkington, T. G., R. J. Jaszczak, C. A. Pelizzari, C. C. Harris, J. R. MacFall, J. M. Hoffman, and R. E. Coleman. “Accuracy of registration of PET, SPECT and MR images of a brain phantom.” J Nucl Med 34, no. 9 (September 1993): 1587–94.
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  - Turkington, T. G., M. R. Zalutsky, R. J. Jaszczak, P. K. Garg, G. Vaidyanathan, and R. E. Coleman. “Measuring astatine-211 distributions with SPECT.” Phys Med Biol 38, no. 8 (August 1993): 1121–30. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/38/8/010.
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  - Marks, L. B., D. P. Spencer, G. C. Bentel, S. K. Ray, G. W. Sherouse, M. R. Sontag, R. E. Coleman, R. J. Jaszczak, T. G. Turkington, and V. Tapson. “The utility of SPECT lung perfusion scans in minimizing and assessing the physiologic consequences of thoracic irradiation.” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 26, no. 4 (July 15, 1993): 659–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(93)90285-4.
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  - Schifter, T., T. G. Turkington, S. U. Berlangieri, J. M. Hoffman, J. R. MacFall, C. A. Pelizzari, R. D. Tien, and R. E. Coleman. “Normal brain F-18 FDG-PET and MRI anatomy.” Clin Nucl Med 18, no. 7 (July 1993): 578–82. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003072-199307000-00008.
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  - DEGRADO, T. R., T. G. TURKINGTON, J. J. WILLIAMS, C. W. STEARNS, J. M. HOFFMAN, and R. E. COLEMAN. “PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW-GENERATION PET SCANNER.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 34, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): P101–P101.
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  - LI, J., R. J. JASZCZAK, D. R. GILLAND, T. G. TURKINGTON, K. L. GREER, and R. E. COLEMAN. “EVALUATION OF SPECT QUANTIFICATION USING INVIVO DOG STUDIES AND TC-99M LABELED MAA.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 34, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): P26–P26.
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  - LI, J., R. J. JASZCZAK, T. G. TURKINGTON, C. E. METZ, K. L. GREER, and R. E. COLEMAN. “AN EVALUATION OF LESION DETECTABILITY WITH CONE-BEAM, FAN BEAM AND PARALLEL BEAM COLLIMATION IN SPECT BY CONTINUOUS ROC ANALYSIS.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 34, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): P81–P81.
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  - TURKINGTON, T. G., M. R. ZALUTSKY, R. J. JASZCZAK, P. GARG, G. VAIDYANATHAN, and R. E. COLEMAN. “MEASURING ASTATINE-211 DISTRIBUTIONS WITH SPECT.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 34, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): P191–P191.
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  - TURKINGTON, T. G., R. J. JASZCZAK, D. R. GILLAND, and R. E. COLEMAN. “A NONUNIFORM ATTENUATION CORRECTION FOR QUANTITATIVE THORAX SPECT BASED ON LUNG EMISSION.” Journal of Nuclear Medicine 34, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): P190–P190.
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  - Gilland, D. R., R. J. Jaszczak, J. E. Bowsher, T. G. Turkington, Z. Liang, K. L. Greer, and R. E. Coleman. “Quantitative SPECT Brain Imaging: Effects of Attenuation and Detector Response.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 40, no. 3 (January 1, 1993): 295–99. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.221054.
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  - Li, J., R. J. Jaszczak, T. G. Turkington, K. L. Greer, and R. E. Coleman. “SPECT Reconstruction of Combined Cone Beam and Parallel Hole Collimation with Experimental Data.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 40, no. 3 (January 1, 1993): 300–306. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.221055.
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  - Turkington, T. G., D. R. Gilland, R. J. Jaszczak, K. L. Greer, R. E. Coleman, and M. F. Smith. “A direct measurement of skull attenuation for quantitative SPECT.” Ieee Trans. Nucl. Sci. (Usa) 40, no. 4 (1993): 1158–61. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.256728.
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  - LI, J., R. J. JASZCZAK, T. G. TURKINGTON, C. E. METZ, D. B. MUSANTE, and R. E. COLEMAN. “ROC EVALUATION OF LESION DETECTABILITY OF CONE BEAM VERSUS PARALLEL BEAM COLLIMATION IN SPECT WITH A 3D BRAIN PHANTOM.” Radiology 185 (November 1, 1992): 251–251.
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  - Liang, Z., T. G. Turkington, D. R. Gilland, R. J. Jaszczak, and R. E. Coleman. “Simultaneous compensation for attenuation, scatter and detector response for SPECT reconstruction in three dimensions.” Phys Med Biol 37, no. 3 (March 1992): 587–603. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/37/3/007.
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  - Turkington, T. G., R. J. Jaszczak, K. L. Greer, R. E. Coleman, and C. A. Pelizzari. “Correlation of SPECT images of a three-dimensional brain phantom using a surface fitting technique.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 39, no. 5 (January 1, 1992): 1460–63. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.173224.
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  - Gilland, D. R., R. J. Jaszczak, T. G. Turkington, K. L. Greer, and R. E. Coleman. “Quantitative SPECT Imaging with Indium-111¹.” Ieee Transactions on Nuclear Science 38, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 761–66. https://doi.org/10.1109/23.289386.
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- Book Sections
  - Burger, C., A. Buck, T. G. Turkington, G. Warnock, and D. R. Gilland. “Quantifying PET and SPECT.” In Clinical Molecular Anatomic Imaging: PET/CT, PET/MR and SPECT CT: Third Edition, 2015.
  - Burger, C., A. Buck, T. G. Turkington, G. Warnock, and D. R. Gilland. “Quantifying PET and SPECT.” In Clinical Molecular Anatomic Imaging: PET/CT, PET/MR and SPECT CT: Third Edition, 2015.
  - Gilland, D. R., and T. G. Turkington. “SPECT scanning: Principles and technologic options.” In Clinical Molecular Anatomic Imaging: PET/CT, PET/MR and SPECT CT: Third Edition, 2015.
  - Gilland, D. R., and T. G. Turkington. “SPECT scanning: Principles and technologic options.” In Clinical Molecular Anatomic Imaging: PET/CT, PET/MR and SPECT CT: Third Edition, 2015.
- Conference Papers
  - Tornai, M. P., S. Samanta, S. Majewski, M. B. Williams, T. G. Turkington, A. Z. Register, J. Jiang, S. Dolinsky, J. A. O’Sullivan, and Y. C. Tai. “High sensitivity dedicated dual-breast PET/MR imaging: Concept and preliminary simulations.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 11513, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2563650.
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  - Wilson, J. M., K. L. Chisholm, J. D. Oldan, W. P. Segars, T. G. Turkington, and B. B. Chin. “Patient-specific model of NaF PET to facilitate multicenter clinical trial PET imaging protocols and analysis: preliminary results of a CT-based simulation.” In Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 54:26–27, 2013.
  - Colsher, James G., Jiang Hsieh, Jean-Baptiste Thibault, Albert Lonn, Tinsu Pan, Stephen J. Lokitz, and Timothy G. Turkington. “Ultra Low Dose CT for Attenuation Correction in PET/CT.” In 2008 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2008 Nss/Mic), Vols 1 9, 4779-+. IEEE, 2009.
    Link to Item
  - Wilson, Joshua M., Stephen J. Lokitz, and Timothy G. Turkington. “Development of a fillable, tapered PET/CT phantom.” In 2008 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2008 Nss/Mic), Vols 1 9, 3173-+. IEEE, 2009.
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  - Park, H., J. Bowsher, J. Colsher, E. Stern, and T. Turkington. “SU‐GG‐I‐49: Iterative Reconstruction of Slow Rotation CT Data with Projection Object Masks to Decrease Motion Effects.” In Medical Physics, 35:2653, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2961447.
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  - Turkington, T. “MO‐E‐342‐01: Nuclear Medicine Instrumentation.” In Medical Physics, 35:2880, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.2962407.
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  - Lokitz, Stephen J., R Edward Coleman, Terry T. Yoshizumi, Greta I. Toncheva, Lauren T. Daigle, James G. Colsher, and Timothy G. Turkington. “CT Based Attenuation Correction for PET Brain Imaging.” In 2006 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2006.353716.
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  - Zhou, S., C. Hahn, T. Shafman, J. Kirkpatrick, A. Tisch, L. Marks, T. Hawk, T. Turkington, T. Wong, and R. Coleman. “SU‐FF‐T‐366: Radiation Dose Response Curve of Human Cerebral Cortex Measured with [F‐18]‐FDG and [O‐15]‐H2O PET Imaging.” In Medical Physics, 32:2035, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1998095.
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  - Bowsher, J. E., H. Yuan, L. W. Hedlund, T. G. Turkington, G. Akabani, A. Badea, W. C. Kurylo, et al. “Utilizing MRI information to estimate F18-FDG distributions in rat flank tumors.” In Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 4:2488–92, 2004.
  - Kitapci, M. T., T. G. Turkington, and R. E. Coleman. “Impact of partial volume correction on small malignant lung nodules.” In Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 44:257P-257P. SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC, 2003.
    Link to Item
  - Turkington, T. G., S. G. Kohlmyer, C. W. Stearns, J. J. Williams, and T. C. Hawk. “Characterization of Discovery ST and advance PET systems using a whole-body phantom.” In Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 44:111P-112P. SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC, 2003.
    Link to Item
  - Laymon, C. M., and T. G. Turkington. “Effects of axial transmission resolution in PET.” In 1999 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1 3, 1245–49. IEEE, 1999.
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  - Tenney, C. R., M. P. Tornai, M. F. Smith, T. G. Turkington, and R. J. Jaszczak. “Uranium pinhole collimators for positron emission SPECT imaging of small volumes.” In 1999 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1 3, 1038–42. IEEE, 1999.
    Link to Item
  - Turkington, T. G. “Optimizing rotating gamma camera PET for brain imaging.” In 1999 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1 3, 1465–69. IEEE, 1999.
    Link to Item
  - Jang, S., R. J. Jaszczak, B. M. W. Tsui, C. E. Metz, D. R. Gilland, T. G. Turkington, and R. E. Coleman. “Evaluation of SPECT myocardial lesion detectability with and without nonuniform attenuation compensation using an anthropomorphic female phantom.” In 1997 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vols 1 & 2, edited by O. Nalcioglu, 998–1002. IEEE, 1998.
    Link to Item
  - TURKINGTON, T. G., R. E. COLEMAN, S. F. SCHUBERT, and A. GANIN. “AN EVALUATION OF POST-INJECTION TRANSMISSION MEASUREMENT IN PET.” In Nuclear Science Symposium & Medical Imaging Conference, Vols 1 3, 1426–30, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.373524.
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  - TURKINGTON, T. G., D. R. GILLAND, M. F. SMITH, K. L. GREER, R. J. JASZCZAK, and R. E. COLEMAN. “A DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF SKULL ATTENUATION FOR QUANTITATIVE SPECT.” In Conference Record of the 1992 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, Vols 1 and 2, edited by G. T. Alley, 1053–55. I E E E, 1992.
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  - Gilland, D. R., R. J. Jaszczak, T. G. Turkington, K. L. Greer, and R. E. Coleman. “Quantitative Spect Imaging With Indium-111 (Accepted).” In 1990 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.1990.693531.
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  - Li, J., R. J. Jaszczak, T. G. Turkington, K. L. Greer, and R. E. Coleman. “Experimental evaluation of combined cone beam with parallel hole collimation SPECT data (Accepted).” In Conference Record of the 1991 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference. IEEE, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.1991.259215.
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  - Turkington, T. G., R. J. Jaszczak, K. L. Greer, R. E. Coleman, and C. A. Pelizzari. “Correlation of SPECT images of a three-dimensional brain phantom using a surface fitting technique (Accepted).” In Conference Record of the 1991 Ieee Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference. IEEE, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.1991.259297.
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