Philip John Walther | Scholars@Duke

Philip John Walther
Professor of Surgery

1. DEVELOPMENTAL THERAPEUTICS OF SYSTEMIC UROLOGIC CANCER
A continuation of an ongoing effort in preclinical screening for effective new agents for the treatment of urologic malignancy-especially bladder and prostate - particular addressing issues of drug synergy.

2. p53 MUTATIONS IN PROSTATE CANCER
The presence of p53 mutations in malignancy has been considered an important genetic change in the multistep process of carcinogenesis-including radiation failure.

3. ASSOCIATION OF ONCOGENIC TYPES OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS WITH UROLOGIC MALIGNANCY
Oncogenic types of HPV may be an important promoter-initiator of carcinogenesis in a variety of epithelia. Using polymerase chain reaction, we have analysed clinical specimens of urologic malignancy.

4. TREATMENT OF RENAL CANCER WITH GAMMA-INTERFERON
Principal Investigator (Duke site) for multi-institutional Phase II-III trial to determine the efficacy of this biologic response modifer.

5. ANDROGEN RECEPTOR-MEDIATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION IN ANDROGEN-DEPENDENT HUMAN PROSTATE CANCER XENOGRAFT

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor of Surgery, Surgery, Urology, Surgery 1992
Associate Professor of Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 1998

Contact Information

3907 Saint Marks Rd, Durham, NC 27707
Box 3314 Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710
philip.walther@duke.edu

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- M.B.A., Duke University 1997
- Residency, Urologic Surgery, University of California - Los Angeles 1977 - 1981
- Residency, Surgery, University of California - Los Angeles 1976 - 1977
- Residency, Surgery, Duke University 1975 - 1976
- M.D., Duke University 1975
- Ph.D., Duke University 1974
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Member of the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Institutes and Centers 1982 - 2014
- Assistant Professor of Pathology, Pathology, Clinical Science Departments 1994 - 1998
- Associate Professor of Urology in the Department of Surgery, Surgery, Clinical Science Departments 1989 - 1992
Research
Selected Grants
- Immunotherapy with Renal Tumor RNA Transfected Dendritic Cells awarded by National Institutes of Health 2001 - 2005
- Prostate Cancer Ctr Study: Black Vs White, Va Vs Private. awarded by Department of Veterans Affairs 1998 - 2001
- Planning a Program of Research in Prostate Cancer awarded by National Institutes of Health 1995 - 2000
- Planning A Program Of Research In Prostate Cancer awarded by National Institutes of Health 1995 - 1999
- Specialized Pgm Of Research Excellency/Prostate Cancer awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 1995
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Storz, L., P. Walther, O. Chemnitzer, O. Lyros, S. Niebisch, M. Mehdorn, B. Jansen‐winkeln, et al. “Nrf2/keap1‐pathway activation and reduced susceptibility to chemotherapy treatment by acidification in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells.” Cancers 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112806.
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  - Mohler, James L., Susan Halabi, Stephen T. Ryan, Ali Al-Daghmin, Mitchell H. Sokoloff, Gary D. Steinberg, Ben L. Sanford, et al. “Management of recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy: long-term results from CALGB 9687 (Alliance), a prospective multi-institutional salvage prostatectomy series.” Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 22, no. 2 (May 2019): 309–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-018-0106-1.
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  - Ehieli, Eric I., Lauren E. Howard, Terri G. Monk, Michael N. Ferrandino, Thomas J. Polascik, Philip J. Walther, and Stephen J. Freedland. “Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on blood loss during retropubic and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.” Int J Urol 23, no. 8 (August 2016): 674–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.13125.
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  - Klein, E. A., I. Thompson, C. M. Tangen, M. S. Lucia, P. Goodman, L. M. Minasian, L. G. Ford, et al. “Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: Updated results of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT).” J Clin Oncol 30, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2012): 7.
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  - Singh, A. A., L. L. Banez, L. Gerber, S. J. Freedland, C. N. Robertson, M. Ferrandino, T. Polascik, P. J. Walther, and J. W. Moul. “Perineural versus lymphovascular invasion: Which is a better marker for unfavorable biochemical outcomes following prostatectomy? Results from the Duke Prostate Center Database.” J Clin Oncol 30, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2012): 34.
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  - Singh, A. A., L. L. Banez, L. Gerber, S. J. Freedland, C. N. Robertson, M. Ferrandino, T. Polascik, P. J. Walther, and J. W. Moul. “Perineural versus lymphovascular invasion: Which is a better marker for unfavorable biochemical outcomes following prostatectomy? Results from the Duke Prostate Center Database.” J Clin Oncol 30, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2012): 34. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.5_suppl.34.
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  - Klein, Eric A., Ian Thompson, Catherine M. Tangen, M Scott Lucia, Phyllis Goodman, Lori M. Minasian, Leslie G. Ford, et al. “Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: Updated results of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT).” Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2012): 7–7. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.5_suppl.7.
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  - Klein, Eric A., Ian M. Thompson, Catherine M. Tangen, John J. Crowley, M Scott Lucia, Phyllis J. Goodman, Lori M. Minasian, et al. “Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT).” Jama 306, no. 14 (October 12, 2011): 1549–56. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1437.
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  - Kimura, Masaki, Lionel L. Bañez, Florian R. Schroeck, Leah Gerber, Jim Qi, Takefumi Satoh, Shiro Baba, et al. “Factors predicting early and late phase decline of sexual health-related quality of life following radical prostatectomy.” J Sex Med 8, no. 10 (October 2011): 2935–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02387.x.
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  - Cotter, Shane E., Ming Hui Chen, Judd W. Moul, W Robert Lee, Bridget F. Koontz, Mitchell S. Anscher, Cary N. Robertson, Philip J. Walther, Thomas J. Polascik, and Anthony V. D’Amico. “Salvage radiation in men after prostate-specific antigen failure and the risk of death.” Cancer 117, no. 17 (September 1, 2011): 3925–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25993.
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  - D’Amico, Anthony V., Ming-Hui Chen, Leon Sun, W Robert Lee, Vladimir Mouraviev, Cary N. Robertson, Philip J. Walther, Thomas J. Polascik, David M. Albala, and Judd W. Moul. “Adjuvant versus salvage radiation therapy for prostate cancer and the risk of death.” Bju Int 106, no. 11 (December 2010): 1618–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09447.x.
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  - Choueiri, Toni K., Ming-Hui Chen, Anthony V. D’Amico, Leon Sun, Paul L. Nguyen, Julia H. Hayes, Cary N. Robertson, et al. “Impact of postoperative prostate-specific antigen disease recurrence and the use of salvage therapy on the risk of death.” Cancer 116, no. 8 (April 15, 2010): 1887–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25013.
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  - Sun, Leon, Arthur A. Caire, Cary N. Robertson, Daniel J. George, Thomas J. Polascik, Kelly E. Maloney, Philip J. Walther, et al. “Men older than 70 years have higher risk prostate cancer and poorer survival in the early and late prostate specific antigen eras.” J Urol 182, no. 5 (November 2009): 2242–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2009.07.034.
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  - Hoyo, Cathrine, Janet Grubber, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Bruce Lobaugh, Amy S. Jeffreys, Steven C. Grambow, Jeffrey R. Marks, Temitope O. Keku, Phillip J. Walther, and Joellen M. Schildkraut. “Predictors of variation in serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels in healthy African American and white men.” J Natl Med Assoc 101, no. 7 (July 2009): 711–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30981-0.
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  - Lack, Benjamin D., Leon Sun, Arthur A. Caire, Craig F. Donatucci, Cary N. Robertson, Vladimir Mouraviev, Thomas J. Polascik, et al. “WHO DOES NOT NEED FOLLOW UP TWO YEARS AFTER PROSTATECTOMY? AN ANALYSIS OF 1739 PATIENTS AT DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER.” Journal of Urology 181, no. 4S (April 2009): 759–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(09)62115-7.
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  - Lippman, Scott M., Eric A. Klein, Phyllis J. Goodman, M Scott Lucia, Ian M. Thompson, Leslie G. Ford, Howard L. Parnes, et al. “Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT).” Jama 301, no. 1 (January 7, 2009): 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2008.864.
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  - Montie, James E., Peter E. Clark, Mario A. Eisenberger, Rizk El-Galley, Richard E. Greenberg, Harry W. Herr, Gary R. Hudes, et al. “Bladder cancer.” J Natl Compr Canc Netw 7, no. 1 (January 2009): 8–39. https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2009.0002.
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  - Demark-Wahnefried, Wendy, Thomas J. Polascik, Stephen L. George, Boyd R. Switzer, John F. Madden, Mack T. Ruffin, Denise C. Snyder, et al. “Flaxseed supplementation (not dietary fat restriction) reduces prostate cancer proliferation rates in men presurgery.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17, no. 12 (December 2008): 3577–87. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0008.
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  - Hoyo, Cathrine, Janet Grubber, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Jeffrey R. Marks, Stephen J. Freedland, Amy S. Jeffreys, Steven C. Grambow, Robert M. Wenham, Philip J. Walther, and Joellen M. Schildkraut. “Grade-specific prostate cancer associations of IGF1 (CA)19 repeats and IGFBP3-202A/C in blacks and whites.” J Natl Med Assoc 99, no. 7 (July 2007): 718–22.
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  - Mouraviev, Vladimir, Israel Nosnik, Cary Robertson, David Albala, Philip Walther, and Thomas J. Polascik. “Comparative financial analysis of minimally invasive surgery to open surgery for small renal tumours < or =3.5 cm: a single institutional experience.” Eur Urol 51, no. 3 (March 2007): 715–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2006.06.050.
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  - Mouraviev, Vladimir, Israel Nosnik, Leon Sun, Cary N. Robertson, Philip Walther, David Albala, Judd W. Moul, and Thomas J. Polascik. “Financial comparative analysis of minimally invasive surgery to open surgery for localized prostate cancer: a single-institution experience.” Urology 69, no. 2 (February 2007): 311–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2006.10.025.
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  - Montie, James E., Neil A. Abrahams, Robert R. Bahnson, Mario A. Eisenberger, Rizk El-Galley, Harry W. Herr, Gary R. Hudes, et al. “Bladder cancer. Clinical guidelines in oncology.” J Natl Compr Canc Netw 4, no. 10 (November 2006): 984–1014. https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2006.0083.
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  - Anscher, M. S., R. Clough, C. N. Robertson, L. R. Prosnitz, P. Dahm, P. Walther, C. F. Donatucci, et al. “Timing and patterns of recurrences and deaths from prostate cancer following adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy for pathologic stage T3/4 adenocarcinoma of the prostate.” Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 9, no. 3 (2006): 254–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.pcan.4500903.
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  - Wiygul, Jeremy B., Brian R. Evans, Bercedis L. Peterson, Thomas J. Polascik, Philip J. Walther, Cary N. Robertson, David M. Albala, and Wendy Demark-Wahnefried. “Supplement use among men with prostate cancer.” Urology 66, no. 1 (July 2005): 161–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2005.01.035.
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  - Schildkraut, Joellen M., Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Robert M. Wenham, Janet Grubber, Amy S. Jeffreys, Steven C. Grambow, Jeffrey R. Marks, et al. “IGF1 (CA)19 repeat and IGFBP3 -202 A/C genotypes and the risk of prostate cancer in Black and White men.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14, no. 2 (February 2005): 403–8. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0426.
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  - Lippman, Scott M., Phyllis J. Goodman, Eric A. Klein, Howard L. Parnes, Ian M. Thompson, Alan R. Kristal, Regina M. Santella, et al. “Designing the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT).” J Natl Cancer Inst 97, no. 2 (January 19, 2005): 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dji009.
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  - Montie, James E., Robert R. Bahnson, Samuel M. Cohen, Beverly Drucker, Mario A. Eisenberger, Rizk El-Galley, Harry W. Herr, et al. “Bladder cancer. Clinical practice guidelines in oncology.” J Natl Compr Canc Netw 3, no. 1 (January 2005): 4–34.
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  - Demark-Wahnefried, Wendy, Cary N. Robertson, Philip J. Walther, Thomas J. Polascik, David F. Paulson, and Robin T. Vollmer. “Pilot study to explore effects of low-fat, flaxseed-supplemented diet on proliferation of benign prostatic epithelium and prostate-specific antigen.” Urology 63, no. 5 (May 2004): 900–904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2003.12.010.
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  - Chang, C. Y., P. J. Walther, and D. P. McDonnell. “Glucocorticoids manifest androgenic activity in a cell line derived from a metastatic prostate cancer.” Cancer Res 61, no. 24 (December 15, 2001): 8712–17.
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  - Demark-Wahnefried, W., D. T. Price, T. J. Polascik, C. N. Robertson, E. E. Anderson, D. F. Paulson, P. J. Walther, M. Gannon, and R. T. Vollmer. “Pilot study of dietary fat restriction and flaxseed supplementation in men with prostate cancer before surgery: exploring the effects on hormonal levels, prostate-specific antigen, and histopathologic features.” Urology 58, no. 1 (July 2001): 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(01)01014-7.
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  - Walther, P. J. “Contemporary chemotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma.” World J Urol 18, no. 3 (June 2000): 216–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003450000126.
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  - Walther, P. J. “Time for a neoadjuvant chemotherapy strategy in prostate cancer?” Curr Opin Urol 10, no. 3 (May 2000): 225–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042307-200005000-00007.
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  - Denmark-Wahnefried, W., J. M. Schildkraut, D. Thompson, S. M. Lesko, L. McIntyre, P. Schwingl, D. F. Paulson, C. N. Robertson, E. E. Anderson, and P. J. Walther. “Early onset baldness and prostate cancer risk.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9, no. 3 (March 2000): 325–28.
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  - Walther, P. J. “Interstitial brachytherapy for prostate cancer--just an expensive variant of 'watchful waiting'?” Curr Opin Urol 9, no. 3 (May 1999): 201–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042307-199905000-00001.
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  - Demark-Wahnefried, W., J. M. Schildkraut, C. E. Iselin, E. Conlisk, A. Kavee, T. E. Aldrich, E. J. Lengerich, P. J. Walther, and D. F. Paulson. “Treatment options, selection, and satisfaction among African American and white men with prostate carcinoma in North Carolina.” Cancer 83, no. 2 (July 15, 1998): 320–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980715)83:2<320::aid-cncr16>3.0.co;2-v.
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  - Small, E. J., G. R. Weiss, U. K. Malik, P. J. Walther, D. Johnson, G. Wilding, T. Kuzel, A. Bajamonde, and V. Paton. “The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with recombinant human gamma interferon.” Cancer J Sci Am 4, no. 3 (1998): 162–67.
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  - Carstens, R. P., J. V. Eaton, H. R. Krigman, P. J. Walther, and M. A. Garcia-Blanco. “Alternative splicing of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGF-R2) in human prostate cancer.” Oncogene 15, no. 25 (December 18, 1997): 3059–65. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1201498.
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  - Richie, J. P., G. P. Murphy, and P. Walther. “Prostate cancer surgical practice guidelines. Society of Surgical Oncology practice guidelines.” Oncology (Williston Park) 11, no. 6 (June 1997): 907–12.
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  - Rao, D. S., H. R. Krigman, and P. J. Walther. “Enteric type adenocarcinoma of the upper tract urothelium associated with ectopic ureter and renal dysplasia: an oncological rationale for complete extirpation of this aberrant developmental anomaly.” J Urol 156, no. 4 (October 1996): 1272–74.
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  - Carstens, R. P., P. J. Walther, and M. A. GarciaBlanco. “Alternative splicing of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGF-R2) associated with development of androgen insensitivity in rat and human prostate cancer.” Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 7, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): A2028–A2028.
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  - Prendergast, N. J., M. R. Atkins, E. C. Schatte, D. F. Paulson, and P. J. Walther. “p53 immunohistochemical and genetic alterations are associated at high incidence with post-irradiated locally persistent prostate carcinoma.” J Urol 155, no. 5 (May 1996): 1685–92.
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  - Walther, P. J. “A prostate screening perspective.” N C Med J 57, no. 6 (1996): 341.
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  - Walther, P. J. “"Wildcatting" for breakthroughs in urothelial cancer detection and management--a frustrating business.” J Urol 154, no. 4 (October 1995): 1348–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(01)66858-7.
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  - Law, T. M., R. J. Motzer, M. Mazumdar, K. W. Sell, P. J. Walther, M. O’Connell, A. Khan, V. Vlamis, N. J. Vogelzang, and D. F. Bajorin. “Phase III randomized trial of interleukin-2 with or without lymphokine-activated killer cells in the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.” Cancer 76, no. 5 (September 1, 1995): 824–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19950901)76:5<824::aid-cncr2820760517>3.0.co;2-n.
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  - Prendergast, N. J., and P. J. Walther. “Genetic alterations in prostate adenocarcinoma.” Surg Oncol Clin N Am 4, no. 2 (April 1995): 241–55.
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  - Walther, P. J. “Prostate cancer screening. Why the controversy?” Surg Oncol Clin N Am 4, no. 2 (April 1995): 315–34.
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  - Wiener, J. S., and P. J. Walther. “The association of oncogenic human papillomaviruses with urologic malignancy. The controversies and clinical implications.” Surg Oncol Clin N Am 4, no. 2 (April 1995): 257–76.
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  - Maloney, K. E., J. S. Wiener, and P. J. Walther. “Oncogenic human papillomaviruses are rarely associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: evaluation by differential polymerase chain reaction.” J Urol 151, no. 2 (February 1994): 360–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)34949-2.
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  - Keane, T. E., J. R. Gingrich, G. Rosner, K. S. Webb, S. H. Poulton, and P. J. Walther. “Combination versus single agent therapy in effecting complete therapeutic response in human bladder cancer: analysis of cisplatin and/or 5-fluorouracil in an in vivo survival model.” Cancer Res 54, no. 2 (January 15, 1994): 475–81.
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  - Wiener, J. S., and P. J. Walther. “A high association of oncogenic human papillomaviruses with carcinomas of the female urethra: polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of multiple histological types.” J Urol 151, no. 1 (January 1994): 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)34870-x.
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  - Walther, P. J. “Adjunctive adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer: a critical appraisal of the present status.” Semin Urol 11, no. 4 (November 1993): 227–34.
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  - Humphrey, P. A., and P. J. Walther. “Adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Part II: Tissue prognosticators.” Am J Clin Pathol 100, no. 3 (September 1993): 256–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/100.3.256.
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  - Ibrahim, S. N., V. A. Lightner, J. B. Ventimiglia, G. K. Ibrahim, P. J. Walther, D. D. Bigner, and P. A. Humphrey. “Tenascin expression in prostatic hyperplasia, intraepithelial neoplasia, and carcinoma.” Hum Pathol 24, no. 9 (September 1993): 982–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0046-8177(93)90112-t.
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  - Effert, P. J., R. H. McCoy, P. J. Walther, and E. T. Liu. “p53 gene alterations in human prostate carcinoma.” J Urol 150, no. 1 (July 1993): 257–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35458-7.
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  - Humphrey, P. A., and P. J. Walther. “Adenocarcinoma of the prostate. I. Tissue sampling considerations.” Am J Clin Pathol 99, no. 6 (June 1993): 746–59. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/99.6.746.
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  - Walther, P. J. “Treatment of high-stage bladder cancer: case for adjunctive chemotherapy.” Semin Urol 11, no. 2 (May 1993): 69–73.
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  - Studer, U. E., P. J. Walther, A. T. Porter, and R. C. Benson. “Workshop summary: approaches to radical prostatectomy.” Eur Urol 24 Suppl 2 (1993): 44–45. https://doi.org/10.1159/000474388.
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  - Walther, P. J. “Radical perineal vs. retropubic prostatectomy: a review of optimal application and technical considerations in the utilization of these exposures.” Eur Urol 24 Suppl 2 (1993): 34–38. https://doi.org/10.1159/000474386.
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  - Little, N. A., J. S. Wiener, P. J. Walther, D. F. Paulson, and E. E. Anderson. “Squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate: 2 cases of a rare malignancy and review of the literature.” J Urol 149, no. 1 (January 1993): 137–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36024-x.
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  - Walther, P. J. “Combined treatment approaches in regionally advanced bladder cancer.” Urol Clin North Am 19, no. 4 (November 1992): 761–74.
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  - Wiener, J. S., E. T. Liu, and P. J. Walther. “Oncogenic human papillomavirus type 16 is associated with squamous cell cancer of the male urethra.” Cancer Res 52, no. 18 (September 15, 1992): 5018–23.
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  - Wiener, J. S., J. A. Tucker, and P. J. Walther. “Interleukin-2-induced dermatotoxicity resembling toxic epidermal necrolysis.” South Med J 85, no. 6 (June 1992): 656–59. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199206000-00020.
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  - Beshai, A. Z., S. C. Flashner, and P. J. Walther. “Endoscopic release of retained Penrose drains: a simple solution for an old problem.” J Urol 147, no. 4 (April 1992): 1067–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37471-2.
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  - Das, A. K., D. Bolick, N. A. Little, and P. J. Walther. “Pedunculated scrotal mass: leiomyoma of scrotum.” Urology 39, no. 4 (April 1992): 376–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(92)90218-l.
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  - Foon, K. A., P. J. Walther, Z. P. Bernstein, L. Vaickus, R. Rahman, H. Watanabe, J. Sweeney, J. Park, D. Vesper, and D. Russell. “Renal cell carcinoma treated with continuous-infusion interleukin-2 with ex vivo-activated killer cells.” J Immunother (1991) 11, no. 3 (April 1992): 184–90. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002371-199204000-00005.
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  - Wiener, J. S., P. J. Effert, P. A. Humphrey, L. Yu, E. T. Liu, and P. J. Walther. “Prevalence of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in squamous-cell carcinoma of the penis: a retrospective analysis of primary and metastatic lesions by differential polymerase chain reaction.” Int J Cancer 50, no. 5 (March 12, 1992): 694–701. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910500505.
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  - Effert, P. J., A. Neubauer, P. J. Walther, and E. T. Liu. “Alterations of the P53 gene are associated with the progression of a human prostate carcinoma.” J Urol 147, no. 3 Pt 2 (March 1992): 789–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37387-1.
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  - Walther, P. J. “The role of flow cytometry in the management of bladder cancer.” Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 6, no. 1 (February 1992): 81–98.
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  - Effert, P. J., R. A. Frye, A. Neubauer, E. T. Liu, and P. J. Walther. “Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 are not involved in human prostate carcinogenesis: analysis of archival human prostate cancer specimens by differential polymerase chain reaction.” J Urol 147, no. 1 (January 1992): 192–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37195-1.
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  - Humphrey, P. A., P. J. Walther, S. M. Currin, and R. T. Vollmer. “Histologic grade, DNA ploidy, and intraglandular tumor extent as indicators of tumor progression of clinical stage B prostatic carcinoma. A direct comparison.” Am J Surg Pathol 15, no. 12 (December 1991): 1165–70. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-199112000-00007.
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  - Keane, T. E., G. L. Rosner, J. R. Gingrich, S. H. Poulton, and P. J. Walther. “The therapeutic impact of dipyridamole: chemopotentiation of the cytotoxic combination 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin in an animal model of human bladder cancer.” J Urol 146, no. 5 (November 1991): 1418–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38127-2.
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  - Meadows, L. M., P. Walther, and H. Ozer. “alpha-Interferon and 5-fluorouracil: possible mechanisms of antitumor action.” Semin Oncol 18, no. 5 Suppl 7 (October 1991): 71–76.
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  - Gingrich, J. R., J. A. Tucker, P. J. Walther, J. W. Day, S. H. Poulton, and K. S. Webb. “Establishment and characterization of a new human prostatic carcinoma cell line (DuPro-1).” J Urol 146, no. 3 (September 1991): 915–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37960-0.
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  - Herzberg, A. J., E. H. Bossen, and P. J. Walther. “Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast metastatic to the kidney. A clinically symptomatic lesion requiring surgical management.” Cancer 68, no. 5 (September 1, 1991): 1015–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19910901)68:5<1015::aid-cncr2820680518>3.0.co;2-z.
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  - Moul, J. W., R. K. Dodge, J. E. Robertson, D. F. Paulson, and P. J. Walther. “The impact of the "cisplatin era" of treatment on survival in testicular cancer.” World Journal of Urology 9, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184714.
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  - HUMPHREY, P. A., P. J. WALTHER, S. CURRIN, and R. T. VOLLMER. “RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DNA PLOIDY, TUMOR AREA AND BIOLOGIC BEHAVIOR OF PROSTATIC-CARCINOMA.” Laboratory Investigation 64, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): A48–A48.
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  - Kaufman, R. P., T. E. Keane, J. A. Tucker, H. B. Hechtman, and P. J. Walther. “Pharmacologically-induced increased plasma prostacyclin to thromboxane ratio protects testis from ischemic necrosis: Preliminary results.” Surgical Forum 41 (December 1, 1990): 713–15.
  - Keane, T. E., J. R. Gingrich, G. Rosner, and P. J. Walther. “Preclinical in vivo assessment of 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin with and without dipyridamole against a human bladder tumor line: Correlation of tumor growth inhibition with host survival.” Surgical Forum 41 (December 1, 1990): 696–98.
  - Paulson, D. F., and P. J. Walther. “Chemosensitivity testing of human bladder carcinoma.” Acta Urologica Italica 4, no. 1 (December 1, 1990): 1–7.
  - Paulson, D. F., J. W. Moul, and P. J. Walther. “Radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T1-2N0M0 prostatic adenocarcinoma: long-term results.” J Urol 144, no. 5 (November 1990): 1180–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39686-6.
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  - Keane, T. E., G. Rosner, J. T. Donaldson, D. L. Norwood, S. H. Poulton, and P. J. Walther. “Dipyridamole-cisplatin potentiation: enhanced in vivo cytotoxicity in xenograft models of human testicular and bladder cancers.” J Urol 144, no. 4 (October 1990): 1004–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39647-7.
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  - Donaldson, J. T., J. A. Tucker, T. E. Keane, P. J. Walther, and K. S. Webb. “Characterization of a new model of human prostatic cancer: the multicellular tumor spheroid.” Int J Cancer 46, no. 2 (August 15, 1990): 238–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910460216.
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  - Paulson, D. F., J. W. Moul, J. E. Robertson, and P. J. Walther. “Postoperative radiotherapy of the prostate for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with positive margins, seminal vesicle involvement and/or penetration through the capsule.” J Urol 143, no. 6 (June 1990): 1178–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)40219-9.
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  - Moul, J. W., D. F. Paulson, and P. J. Walther. “Refusal of cancer therapy in testicular cancer: Recognizing and preventing a significant problem.” World Journal of Urology 8, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 58–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01576280.
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  - Walther, P. J. “The evolving role for surgery in the management of nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma.” World Journal of Urology 8, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01576272.
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  - Currin, S. M., S. E. Lee, and P. J. Walther. “Flow cytometric assessment of deoxyribonucleic acid content in renal adenocarcinoma: does ploidy status enhance prognostic stratification over stage alone?” J Urol 143, no. 3 (March 1990): 458–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39989-5.
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  - Moul, J. W., D. F. Paulson, R. K. Dodge, and P. J. Walther. “Delay in diagnosis and survival in testicular cancer: impact of effective therapy and changes during 18 years.” J Urol 143, no. 3 (March 1990): 520–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)40007-3.
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  - Donaldson, J. T., T. E. Keane, S. H. Poulton, and P. J. Walther. “Enhanced in vivo cytotoxicity of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor with etoposide in human renal cell carcinoma. Evaluation in a pre-clinical model.” Urol Res 18, no. 4 (1990): 245–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00294766.
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  - Keane, T. E., J. T. Donaldson, and P. J. Walther. “In vivo preclinical assessment of potentially synergistic cytotoxic therapeutic strategies in human bladder carcinoma.” Surgical Forum 40 (December 1, 1989): 692–94.
  - Moul, J. W., J. E. Robertson, S. L. George, D. F. Paulson, and P. J. Walther. “Complications of therapy for testicular cancer.” J Urol 142, no. 6 (December 1989): 1491–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39135-8.
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  - Webb, K. S., S. H. Poulton, S. N. Liberman, and P. J. Walther. “Rationale for immunotoxin therapy of metastatic prostate carcinoma formatted as a multi-stage delivery system.” J Urol 142, no. 2 Pt 1 (August 1989): 425–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38778-5.
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  - Buckley, N. J., P. J. Walther, A. K. Das, and S. H. Poulton. “Schedule-dependent enhanced lethality with combined administration of actinomycin D and tumor necrosis factor in mice.” J Biol Response Mod 8, no. 3 (June 1989): 287–96.
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  - Paulson, D. F., and P. J. Walther. “Is grade or stage of primary importance in determining the outcome after radical prostatectomy for disease clinically confined to the prostate?” Br J Urol 63, no. 3 (March 1989): 301–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1989.tb05193.x.
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  - Walther, P. J. “The role of radical prostatectomy in the management of prostatic adenocarcinoma - Biologic factors influencing the likelihood of local and systemic control.” World Journal of Urology 7, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01576843.
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  - Das, A. K., P. J. Walther, N. J. Buckley, and S. H. Poulton. “Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alone and with chemotherapeutic agents. Effect on nude mouse-supported human bladder cancer heterografts.” Arch Surg 124, no. 1 (January 1989): 107–10. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1989.01410010117023.
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  - Burton, G. V., D. E. Bullard, P. J. Walther, and P. C. Burger. “Paraneoplastic limbic encephalopathy with testicular carcinoma. A reversible neurologic syndrome.” Cancer 62, no. 10 (November 15, 1988): 2248–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19881115)62:10<2248::aid-cncr2820621029>3.0.co;2-x.
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  - Lee, S. E., S. M. Currin, D. F. Paulson, and P. J. Walther. “Flow cytometric determination of ploidy in prostatic adenocarcinoma: a comparison with seminal vesicle involvement and histopathological grading as a predictor of clinical recurrence.” J Urol 140, no. 4 (October 1988): 769–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)41808-8.
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  - Paulson, D. F., J. E. Robertson, L. M. Daubert, and P. J. Walther. “Radical prostatectomy in stage A prostatic adenocarcinoma.” J Urol 140, no. 3 (September 1988): 535–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)41712-5.
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  - Das, A. K., M. R. Susskind, and P. J. Walther. “Adult segmental cystic disease of the kidney: a renal-sparing management approach.” J Urol 140, no. 2 (August 1988): 357–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)41606-5.
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  - Currin, S. M., S. E. Lee, and P. J. Walther. “Flow cytometric analysis of comedocarcinoma of the prostate: an uncommon histopathological variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma.” J Urol 140, no. 1 (July 1988): 96–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)41496-0.
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  - BUCKLEY, N. J., P. J. WALTHER, A. K. DAS, and S. H. M. POULTON. “SCHEDULE-DEPENDENT ENHANCED LETHAL TOXICITY IN MICE WITH COMBINED ADMINISTRATION OF ACTINOMYCIN-D AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR.” Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research 29 (March 1, 1988): 512–512.
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  - Walther, P. J., E. Rossitch, and D. E. Bullard. “The development of Lhermitte's sign during cisplatin chemotherapy. Possible drug-induced toxicity causing spinal cord demyelination.” Cancer 60, no. 9 (November 1, 1987): 2170–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19871101)60:9<2170::aid-cncr2820600909>3.0.co;2-n.
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  - Walther, P. J., A. F. Meyer, and B. E. Woodworth. “Intraoperative management of penile erection with intracorporeal phenylephrine during endoscopic surgery.” J Urol 137, no. 4 (April 1987): 738–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44196-6.
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  - WEBB, K. S., E. M. SUSSMAN, and P. J. WALTHER. “PRODUCTION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A PROSTATE CARCINOMA-DIRECTED MAB.” Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research 28 (March 1, 1987): 390–390.
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  - Walther, P. J., R. T. Andriani, M. I. Maggio, and C. C. Carson. “Fournier's gangrene: a complication of penile prosthetic implantation in a renal transplant patient.” J Urol 137, no. 2 (February 1987): 299–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)43987-5.
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  - Walther, P. J., S. D. Williams, M. Troner, F. A. Greco, R. Birch, and L. H. Einhorn. “Phase II study of etoposide for carcinoma of the bladder: the Southeastern Cancer Study Group experience.” Cancer Treat Rep 70, no. 11 (November 1986): 1337–38.
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  - Paulson, D. F., A. R. Stone, P. J. Walther, J. A. Tucker, and E. B. Cox. “Radical prostatectomy: anatomical predictors of success or failure.” J Urol 136, no. 5 (November 1986): 1041–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)45201-3.
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  - Walther, P. J., S. D. Williams, M. Troner, F. A. Greco, R. Birch, and L. H. Einhorn. “Phase II study of etoposide for carcinoma of the prostate.” Cancer Treat Rep 70, no. 6 (June 1986): 771–72.
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  - Nesbitt, J. A., and P. J. Walther. “Computed tomographic imaging of microscopic dystrophic calcification in urachal adenocarcinoma.” Urology 27, no. 2 (February 1986): 184–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(86)90384-5.
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  - Webb, K. S., S. N. Liberman, J. L. Ware, and P. J. Walther. “In vitro synergism between hybrid immunotoxins and chemotherapeutic drugs: relevance to immunotherapy of prostate carcinoma.” Cancer Immunol Immunother 21, no. 2 (1986): 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00199856.
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  - Walther, P. J. “The management of the Kock continent ileal reservoir urinary diversion with single pigtail self-retaining ileal conduit stents.” J Urol 134, no. 6 (December 1985): 1104–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)47645-2.
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  - Little, N. A., and P. J. Walther. “Chylothorax: a rare complication of metastatic prostatic carcinoma.” J Urol 134, no. 6 (December 1985): 1215–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)47693-2.
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  - Walther, P. J., and D. F. Paulson. “Laboratory chemosensitivity testing of human bladder carcinoma.” World Journal of Urology 3, no. 2 (September 1, 1985): 104–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00326717.
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  - Webb, K. S., J. L. Ware, S. F. Parks, P. J. Walther, and D. F. Paulson. “Evidence for a novel hybrid immunotoxin recognizing ricin A-chain by one antigen-combining site and a prostate-restricted antigen by the remaining antigen-combining site: potential for immunotherapy.” Cancer Treat Rep 69, no. 6 (June 1985): 663–72.
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  - Walther, P. J., C. N. Robertson, and D. F. Paulson. “Lethal complications of standard self-retaining ureteral stents in patients with ileal conduit urinary diversion.” J Urol 133, no. 5 (May 1985): 851–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)49255-x.
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  - DENT, G. A., L. BANDY, S. H. M. POULTON, G. H. MICKEY, J. LINDER, D. CLARKEPEARSON, C. A. SZPAK, and P. J. WALTHER. “ESTABLISHMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX INTO ATHYMIC NUDE-MICE.” Laboratory Investigation 52, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): A19–A19.
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  - Gonias, S. L., A. C. Oakley, P. J. Walther, and S. V. Pizzo. “Effects of diethyldithiocarbamate and nine other nucleophiles on the intersubunit protein cross-linking and inactivation of purified human alpha 2-macroglobulin by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II).” Cancer Res 44, no. 12 Pt 1 (December 1984): 5764–70.
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  - Gonias, S. L., A. C. Oakley, S. V. Pizzo, and P. J. Walther. “Effects of Diethyldithiocarbamate and Nine Other Nucleophiles on the Intersubunit Protein Cross-Linking and Inactivation of Purified Human α2-Macroglobulin by cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(ll).” Cancer Research 44 (December 1, 1984): 5764–70.
  - Walther, P. J., M. Gore, and S. V. Pizzo. “Increased releasable vascular plasminogen activator and a bleeding diathesis.” Am J Med 77, no. 3 (September 1984): 566–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(84)90123-2.
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  - Walther, P. J., and D. F. Paulson. “Testicular seminoma revisited: Time for a multimodal therapeutic approach.” World Journal of Urology 2, no. 1 (March 1, 1984): 68–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00326938.
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  - GONIAS, S. L., A. C. OAKLEY, P. J. WALTHER, and S. V. PIZZO. “EFFECTS OF DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE AND 9 OTHER NUCLEOPHILES ON THE INTERSUBUNIT PROTEIN CROSS-LINKING AND INACTIVATION OF PURIFIED HUMAN ALPHA-2-MACROGLOBULIN BY CIS-DIAMMINEDICHLOROPLATINUM(II).” Cancer Research 44, no. 12 (January 1, 1984): 5764–70.
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  - Webb, K. S., D. F. Paulson, S. F. Parks, F. L. Tuck, P. J. Walther, and J. L. Ware. “Characterization of prostate-tissue-directed monoclonal antibody, alpha-Pro 13.” Cancer Immunol Immunother 17, no. 1 (1984): 7–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00205491.
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  - Dunnick, N. R., P. J. Walther, K. K. Ford, M. Korobkin, and D. F. Paulson. “Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate.” J Comput Assist Tomogr 6, no. 6 (December 1982): 1198–99. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004728-198212000-00030.
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  - Kaufman, J. J., B. M. Ljung, P. Walther, and J. Waisman. “Aspiration biopsy of prostate.” Urology 19, no. 6 (June 1982): 587–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(82)90005-x.
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  - Kaufman, J. J., B. M. Ljung, P. Walther, and J. Waisman. “Address correction for universal medical instruments corp.” Urology 20, no. 3 (January 1, 1982): 351. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(82)90667-7.
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  - Walther, P. J., L. S. Marks, D. Stern, and R. B. Smith. “Renal metastasis of adenocarcinoma of the lung: massive hematuria managed by therapeutic embolization.” J Urol 122, no. 3 (September 1979): 398–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)56429-0.
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  - Kaufman, J. J., P. J. Walther, R. B. Smith, and D. G. Skinner. “Intracavitary mitomycin-C in the treatment of superficial urothelial tumors: a preliminary report.” Trans Am Assoc Genitourin Surg 71 (1979): 6–7.
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  - Walther, P. J., R. L. Hill, and P. A. McKee. “The importance of the preactivation peptide in the two-stage mechanism of human plasminogen activation.” J Biol Chem 250, no. 15 (August 10, 1975): 5926–33.
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  - Walther, P. J., H. M. Steinman, R. L. Hill, and P. A. McKee. “Activation of human plasminogen by urokinase. Partial characterization of a pre-activation peptide.” J Biol Chem 249, no. 4 (February 25, 1974): 1173–81.
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  - Walther, P. J., R. L. Hill, and P. A. McKee. “The effect of lysine and ε aminocaproic acid on the activation of human plasminogen by urokinase.” Clinical Research 22, no. 3 (January 1, 1974).
- Other Articles
  - Walsh, Patrick C. “Re: Salvage radiation in men after prostate-specific antigen failure and the risk of death.” J Urol, November 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.08.056.
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  - Wiener, J. S., and P. J. Walther. “Re: Detection of human papillomavirus in squamous neoplasm of the penis.” J Urol, April 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36245-6.
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  - Moul, J. W., D. F. Paulson, and P. J. Walther. “Refusal of cancer treatment in testicular cancer patients.” J Natl Cancer Inst, October 18, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.20.1587.
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- Conference Papers
  - Bassett, Mitchell, Michael Abern, Lionel Lloyds Banez, Michael Ferrandino, Cary N. Robertson, Brant Allen Inman, Thomas Polascik, Stephen J. Freedland, Philip John Walther, and Judd W. Moul. “African American race to predict for earlier failure of active surveillance: Results from the Duke Prostate Center.” In Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 30. AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2012.
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  - Singh, Abhay A., Lionel Lloyds Banez, Leah Gerber, Stephen J. Freedland, Cary N. Robertson, Michael Ferrandino, Thomas Polascik, Philip John Walther, and Judd W. Moul. “Perineural versus lymphovascular invasion: Which is a better marker for unfavorable biochemical outcomes following prostatectomy? Results from the Duke Prostate Center Database.” In Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 30. AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.5_suppl.34.
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  - Moul, Judd W., Leon Sun, Cary N. Robertson, Craig F. Donatucci, David M. Albala, Phillip J. Walther, Vladimir Mouraviev, Florian R. Schroeck, and Thomas J. Polascik. “OLDER MEN ASSOCIATED WITH ADVANCED DISEASE AND POOR OUTCOME: AN ANALYSIS OF 14601 PROSTATE CANCER MEN IN DUKE PROSTATE CENTER.” In Journal of Urology, 179:641–641. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(08)61875-3.
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  - Sun, Leon, Kevin C. Zorn, David M. Albala, Sergey A. Shikanov, Gregory P. Zagaja, Arieh L. Shalhav, Cary N. Robertson, et al. “PRE-TREATMENT FACTORS PREDICTIVE OF POSITIVE SURGICAL MARGIN IN CONTEMPORARY RADICAL PROSTATECTOMIES.” In Journal of Urology, 179:250–250. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(08)60724-7.
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  - George, S. L., T. J. Polascik, D. M. Albala, P. J. Walther, J. Moul, J. F. Madden, D. C. Snyder, et al. “Impact of flaxseed supplementation and dietary fat restriction on prostate cancer proliferation and other biomarkers: Results of a Phase II randomized controlled trial (RCT) using a presurgical model.” In Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 25. AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2007.
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  - Proia, Alan D., Leon L. Sun, Kathryn R. Perkinson, Thomas J. Polascik, Vladimir Mouraviev, Craig F. Donatucci, Cary N. Robertson, et al. “262: KI-67: A Potential Prognostic Biomarker for PSA Recurrence?” In Journal of Urology, 175:87–87. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(18)32529-1.
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  - Wiygul, Jeremy, Brian Evans, Bercedis Peterson, Thomas Polascik, Cary Robertson, Philip J. Walther, E Everett Anderson, David F. Paulson, and Wendy Demark-Wahnefried. “459: Supplement -Use Among Prostate Cancer Survivors.” In Journal of Urology, 171:122–122. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(18)37721-8.
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  - Schildkraut, J., W. Demark-Wahnefried, J. Grubber, A. Jeffreys, S. Grambow, J. Marks, B. Lobaugh, P. Moorman, and P. J. Walther. “Imsulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1): An exploration of serum levels, binding protein (IGFBP-3) and IGF-1 CA repeat genotype, and the risk of prostae cancer.” In Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 12:182–182. AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH, 2003.
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  - Demark-Wahnefried, W., T. J. Polascik, C. N. Robertson, P. J. Walther, and D. F. Paulson. “Effects of a low fat, flaxseed-supplemented diet on men with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or atypia.” In Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 11:1171S-1171S. AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH, 2002.
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