Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • M.D., University of Pennsylvania 1966
• 

  Duke Appointment History

  • Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Cardiology, Medicine 1983 - 2015
  • Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Clinical Science Departments 1977 - 1983
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • Behavioral Treatment of High Blood Pressure awarded by National Institutes of Health 2003 - 2010
  • Age and Selective Attention in Visual Search awarded by National Institutes of Health 1980 - 2008
  • Exercise Training And Depression In Older Adults awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2007
  • Stress & Myocardial Ischemia: Mechanisms & Treatment awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2006
  • Stress & Congestive Heart Failure:Prognosis & Mechanisms awarded by National Institutes of Health 1999 - 2005
  • Age and Selective Attention in Visual Search awarded by National Institutes of Health 1998 - 2002
  • Behavioral Treatment Of Hypertension awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 2001
  • Biobehavioral Mechanisms Of Blood Pressure Regulation awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1999
  • Exercise Training And Depression awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 1999
  • Exercise Training And Depression In Older Adults awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 1999
  • Menopausal Effects In Cardiovascular Stress Responses awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 1999
  • Behavorial Treatment Of Hypertension awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1998
  • Biobehvioral Mechanisms Of Blood Pressure Regulation awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1998
  • Biobehavioral Mechanisms Of Blood Pressure Regulation awarded by National Institutes of Health 1992 - 1998
  • Menopausal Effects On Cardiovascular Stress Responses awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 1998
  • Menopausal Effects On Cardiovascular Stress Responses awarded by National Institutes of Health 1994 - 1998
  • Behavioral Treatment Of Fibromyalgia awarded by National Institutes of Health 1996 - 1997
  • Coping With Osteoarthritic Knee Pain awarded by National Institutes of Health 1991 - 1997
  • Exploratory Center For Research On Health Promotion awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 1995
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Douglas, Pamela S., Robert A. Waugh, Gerald Bloomfield, Gary Dunn, Lagia Davis, Rebecca T. Hahn, Philippe Pibarot, et al. “Implementation of echocardiography core laboratory best practices: a case study of the PARTNER I trial.” J Am Soc Echocardiogr 26, no. 4 (April 2013): 348-358.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2013.01.013.
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    • Rosenberg, E. L., P. Ekman, W. Jiang, M. Babyak, R. E. Coleman, M. Hanson, C. O’Connor, R. Waugh, and J. A. Blumenthal. “Linkages Between Facial Expressions of Anger and Transient Myocardial Ischemia in Men with Coronary Artery Disease,” March 22, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195179644.003.0028.
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    • Blumenthal, James A., Michael A. Babyak, Alan Hinderliter, Lana L. Watkins, Linda Craighead, Pao-Hwa Lin, Carla Caccia, Julie Johnson, Robert Waugh, and Andrew Sherwood. “Effects of the DASH diet alone and in combination with exercise and weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers in men and women with high blood pressure: the ENCORE study.” Arch Intern Med 170, no. 2 (January 25, 2010): 126–35. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.470.
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    • Babyak, Michael A., James A. Blumenthal, Alan Hinderliter, Benson Hoffman, Robert A. Waugh, R Edward Coleman, and Andrew Sherwood. “Prognosis after change in left ventricular ejection fraction during mental stress testing in patients with stable coronary artery disease.” Am J Cardiol 105, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 25–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.08.647.
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    • Smith, Patrick J., James A. Blumenthal, Michael A. Babyak, P Murali Doraiswamy, Alan Hinderliter, Benson M. Hoffman, Robert Waugh, and Andrew Sherwood. “Intima-media thickness and age of first depressive episode.” Biol Psychol 80, no. 3 (March 2009): 361–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.11.001.
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    • Hinderliter, Alan L., James A. Blumenthal, Christopher O’Conner, Kirkwood F. Adams, Carla Sueta Dupree, Robert A. Waugh, Daniel Bensimhon, Robert H. Christenson, and Andrew Sherwood. “Independent prognostic value of echocardiography and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure.” Am Heart J 156, no. 6 (December 2008): 1191–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2008.07.022.
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    • Blumenthal, James A., Michael A. Babyak, P Murali Doraiswamy, Lana Watkins, Benson M. Hoffman, Krista A. Barbour, Steve Herman, et al. “Exercise and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder.” Psychosom Med 69, no. 7 (September 2007): 587–96. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e318148c19a.
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    • Smith, Patrick J., James A. Blumenthal, Michael A. Babyak, Benson M. Hoffman, P Murali Doraiswamy, Robert Waugh, Alan Hinderliter, and Andrew Sherwood. “Cerebrovascular risk factors, vascular disease, and neuropsychological outcomes in adults with major depression.” Psychosom Med 69, no. 6 (July 2007): 578–86. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31812f7b8e.
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    • Sherwood, Andrew, James A. Blumenthal, Ranak Trivedi, Kristy S. Johnson, Christopher M. O’Connor, Kirkwood F. Adams, Carla Sueta Dupree, et al. “Relationship of depression to death or hospitalization in patients with heart failure.” Arch Intern Med 167, no. 4 (February 26, 2007): 367–73. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.4.367.
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    • Blumenthal, James A., Andrew Sherwood, Sharon D. Rogers, Michael A. Babyak, P Murali Doraiswamy, Lana Watkins, Benson M. Hoffman, et al. “Understanding prognostic benefits of exercise and antidepressant therapy for persons with depression and heart disease: the UPBEAT study--rationale, design, and methodological issues.” Clin Trials 4, no. 5 (2007): 548–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774507083388.
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    • Bacon, Simon L., Andrew Sherwood, Alan L. Hinderliter, R Edward Coleman, Robert Waugh, and James A. Blumenthal. “Changes in plasma volume associated with mental stress ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease.” Int J Psychophysiol 61, no. 2 (August 2006): 143–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.09.001.
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    • Sherwood, Andrew, Alan L. Hinderliter, Lana L. Watkins, Robert A. Waugh, and James A. Blumenthal. “Impaired endothelial function in coronary heart disease patients with depressive symptomatology.” J Am Coll Cardiol 46, no. 4 (August 16, 2005): 656–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.041.
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    • Blumenthal, James A., Andrew Sherwood, Michael A. Babyak, Lana L. Watkins, Robert Waugh, Anastasia Georgiades, Simon L. Bacon, Junichiro Hayano, R Edward Coleman, and Alan Hinderliter. “Effects of exercise and stress management training on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with ischemic heart disease: a randomized controlled trial.” Jama 293, no. 13 (April 6, 2005): 1626–34. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.13.1626.
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    • Pierson, Lee M., Simon L. Bacon, Andrew Sherwood, Alan L. Hinderliter, Michael Babyak, Elizabeth C. D. Gullette, Robert Waugh, and James A. Blumenthal. “Association between exercise capacity and left ventricular geometry in overweight patients with mild systemic hypertension.” Am J Cardiol 94, no. 10 (November 15, 2004): 1322–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.07.126.
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    • Keefe, Francis J., James Blumenthal, Donald Baucom, Glenn Affleck, Robert Waugh, David S. Caldwell, Pat Beaupre, et al. “Effects of spouse-assisted coping skills training and exercise training in patients with osteoarthritic knee pain: a randomized controlled study.” Pain 110, no. 3 (August 2004): 539–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2004.03.022.
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    • Bacon, Simon L., Lana L. Watkins, Michael Babyak, Andrew Sherwood, Junichiro Hayano, Alan L. Hinderliter, Robert Waugh, and James A. Blumenthal. “Effects of daily stress on autonomic cardiac control in patients with coronary artery disease.” Am J Cardiol 93, no. 10 (May 15, 2004): 1292–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.02.018.
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    • Pierson, Lee M., Simon L. Bacon, Andrew Sherwood, Alan L. Hinderliter, Michael Babyak, Elizabeth C. D. Gullette, Robert Waugh, and James A. Blumenthal. “Relationship between exercise systolic blood pressure and left ventricular geometry in overweight, mildly hypertensive patients.” J Hypertens 22, no. 2 (February 2004): 399–405. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200402000-00026.
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    • Hinderliter, Alan L., James A. Blumenthal, Robert Waugh, Mohan Chilukuri, and Andrew Sherwood. “Ethnic differences in left ventricular structure: relations to hemodynamics and diurnal blood pressure variation.” Am J Hypertens 17, no. 1 (January 2004): 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjhyper.2003.08.007.
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    • Watkins, Lana L., Andrew Sherwood, Mark Feinglos, Alan Hinderliter, Michael Babyak, Elizabeth Gullette, Robert Waugh, and James A. Blumenthal. “Effects of exercise and weight loss on cardiac risk factors associated with syndrome X.” Arch Intern Med 163, no. 16 (September 8, 2003): 1889–95. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.16.1889.
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    • Jiang, Wei, Michael A. Babyak, Alan Rozanski, Andrew Sherwood, Christopher M. O’Connor, Robert A. Waugh, R Edward Coleman, Michael W. Hanson, James J. Morris, and James A. Blumenthal. “Depression and increased myocardial ischemic activity in patients with ischemic heart disease.” Am Heart J 146, no. 1 (July 2003): 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00152-2.
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    • Prattichizzo, Fernando Antonio, and Fabio Galetta. “Blunted nighttime blood pressure dipping in postmenopausal women.” Am J Hypertens 15, no. 7 Pt 1 (July 2002): 662. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(02)02930-8.
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    • Hinderliter, Alan, Andrew Sherwood, Elizabeth C. D. Gullette, Michael Babyak, Robert Waugh, Anastasia Georgiades, and James A. Blumenthal. “Reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy after exercise and weight loss in overweight patients with mild hypertension.” Arch Intern Med 162, no. 12 (June 24, 2002): 1333–39. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.162.12.1333.
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    • Hinderliter, Alan L., Andrew Sherwood, James A. Blumenthal, Kathleen C. Light, Susan S. Girdler, Judith McFetridge, Kristy Johnson, and Robert Waugh. “Changes in hemodynamics and left ventricular structure after menopause.” Am J Cardiol 89, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 830–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02193-8.
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    • Sherwood, Andrew, Elizabeth C. D. Gullette, Alan L. Hinderliter, Anastasia Georgiades, Michael Babyak, Robert A. Waugh, and James A. Blumenthal. “Relationship of clinic, ambulatory, and laboratory stress blood pressure to left ventricular mass in overweight men and women with high blood pressure.” Psychosom Med 64, no. 2 (March 2002): 247–57. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200203000-00007.
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    • Blumenthal, James A., Michael Babyak, Jiang Wei, Christopher O’Connor, Robert Waugh, Eric Eisenstein, Daniel Mark, et al. “Usefulness of psychosocial treatment of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia in men.” Am J Cardiol 89, no. 2 (January 15, 2002): 164–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(01)02194-4.
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    • ENRICHD Investigators, M. L. “Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) study intervention: rationale and design.” Psychosom Med 63, no. 5 (September 2001): 747–55.
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    • Sherwood, A., R. Thurston, P. Steffen, J. A. Blumenthal, R. A. Waugh, and A. L. Hinderliter. “Blunted nighttime blood pressure dipping in postmenopausal women.” Am J Hypertens 14, no. 8 Pt 1 (August 2001): 749–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(01)02043-x.
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    • ENRICHD Investigators, Karen L. “Enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease (ENRICHD): baseline characteristics.” Am J Cardiol 88, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 316–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(01)01652-6.
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    • Rosenberg, E. L., P. Ekman, W. Jiang, M. Babyak, R. E. Coleman, M. Hanson, C. O’Connor, R. Waugh, and J. A. Blumenthal. “Linkages between facial expressions of anger and transient myocardial ischemia in men with coronary artery disease.” Emotion 1, no. 2 (June 2001): 107–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.1.2.107.
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    • Khatri, P., J. A. Blumenthal, M. A. Babyak, W. E. Craighead, S. Herman, T. Baldewicz, D. J. Madden, M. Doraiswamy, R. Waugh, and K. R. Krishnan. “Effects of exercise training on cognitive functioning among depressed older men and women.” Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.9.1.43.
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    • Georgiades, A., A. Sherwood, E. C. Gullette, M. A. Babyak, A. Hinderliter, R. Waugh, D. Tweedy, L. Craighead, R. Bloomer, and J. A. Blumenthal. “Effects of exercise and weight loss on mental stress-induced cardiovascular responses in individuals with high blood pressure.” Hypertension 36, no. 2 (August 2000): 171–76. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.36.2.171.
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    • Blumenthal, J. A., A. Sherwood, E. C. Gullette, M. Babyak, R. Waugh, A. Georgiades, L. W. Craighead, et al. “Exercise and weight loss reduce blood pressure in men and women with mild hypertension: effects on cardiovascular, metabolic, and hemodynamic functioning.” Arch Intern Med 160, no. 13 (July 10, 2000): 1947–58. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.13.1947.
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    • Blumenthal, J. A., M. A. Babyak, K. A. Moore, W. E. Craighead, S. Herman, P. Khatri, R. Waugh, et al. “Effects of exercise training on older patients with major depression.” Arch Intern Med 159, no. 19 (October 25, 1999): 2349–56. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.159.19.2349.
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    • Issenberg, S. B., W. C. McGaghie, I. R. Hart, J. W. Mayer, J. M. Felner, E. R. Petrusa, R. A. Waugh, et al. “Simulation technology for health care professional skills training and assessment.” Jama 282, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 861–66. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.9.861.
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    • Carels, R. A., A. Sherwood, M. Babyak, E. C. Gullette, R. E. Coleman, R. Waugh, W. Jiang, and J. A. Blumenthal. “Emotional responsivity and transient myocardial ischemia.” J Consult Clin Psychol 67, no. 4 (August 1999): 605–10. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.67.4.605.
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    • Blumenthal, J. A., A. Sherwood, M. Babyak, R. Thurston, D. Tweedy, A. Georgiades, E. C. Gullette, et al. “Mental stress and coronary disease. The Smart-Heart Study.” N C Med J 60, no. 2 (March 1999): 95–99.
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    • Dominick, K. L., E. C. Gullette, M. A. Babyak, K. L. Mallow, A. Sherwood, R. Waugh, M. Chilikuri, F. J. Keefe, and J. A. Blumenthal. “Predicting peak oxygen uptake among older patients with chronic illness.” J Cardiopulm Rehabil 19, no. 2 (March 1999): 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199903000-00001.
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    • Petrusa, E. R., S. B. Issenberg, J. W. Mayer, J. M. Felner, D. D. Brown, R. A. Waugh, G. T. Kondos, I. H. Gessner, and W. C. McGaghie. “Implementation of a four-year multimedia computer curriculum in cardiology at six medical schools.” Acad Med 74, no. 2 (February 1999): 123–29. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199902000-00011.
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    • Issenberg, S. B., E. R. Petrusa, W. C. McGaghie, J. M. Felner, R. A. Waugh, I. S. Nash, and I. R. Hart. “Effectiveness of a computer-based system to teach bedside cardiology.” Academic Medicine 74, no. 10 SUPPL. (1999): S93–95.
    • Issenberg, S. B., W. C. McGaghie, R. A. Waugh, E. S. Holmboe, and R. E. Hawkins. “Computers and evaluation of clinical competence [10] (multiple letters).” Annals of Internal Medicine 130, no. 3 (1999): 244–45.
    • Blumenthal, J. A., W. Jiang, M. A. Babyak, D. S. Krantz, D. J. Frid, R. E. Coleman, R. Waugh, et al. “Stress management and exercise training in cardiac patients with myocardial ischemia. Effects on prognosis and evaluation of mechanisms.” Arch Intern Med 157, no. 19 (October 27, 1997): 2213–23.
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    • Hayano, J., W. Jiang, R. Waugh, C. O’Connor, D. Frid, and J. A. Blumenthal. “Stability over time of circadian rhythm of variability of heart rate in patients with stable coronary artery disease.” Am Heart J 134, no. 3 (September 1997): 411–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8703(97)70075-9.
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    • Shah, A., G. S. Wagner, C. L. Green, S. W. Crater, S. T. Sawchak, N. M. Wildermann, D. B. Mark, R. A. Waugh, and M. W. Krucoff. “Electrocardiographic differentiation of the ST-segment depression of acute myocardial injury due to the left circumflex artery occlusion from that of myocardial ischemia of nonocclusive etiologies.” Am J Cardiol 80, no. 4 (August 15, 1997): 512–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00406-2.
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    • Gullette, E. C., J. A. Blumenthal, M. Babyak, W. Jiang, R. A. Waugh, D. J. Frid, C. M. O’Connor, J. J. Morris, and D. S. Krantz. “Effects of mental stress on myocardial ischemia during daily life.” Jama 277, no. 19 (May 21, 1997): 1521–26.
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    • Jiang, W., M. Babyak, D. S. Krantz, R. A. Waugh, R. E. Coleman, M. M. Hanson, D. J. Frid, et al. “Mental stress--induced myocardial ischemia and cardiac events.” Jama 275, no. 21 (June 5, 1996): 1651–56. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.275.21.1651.
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    • Jiang, W., M. A. Trauner, R. E. Coleman, R. A. Waugh, M. W. Hanson, D. J. Frid, B. G. Phillips, J. J. Morris, C. O’Connor, and J. A. Blumenthal. “Association of physical fitness and transient myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease.” J Cardiopulm Rehabil 15, no. 6 (November 1995): 431–38. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199511000-00007.
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    • Waugh, R. A., E. W. St Clair, and E. Z. Oddone. “Bedside science reduces laboratory art.” Circulation 92, no. 9 (November 1, 1995): 2762.
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    • Blumenthal, J. A., W. Jiang, R. A. Waugh, D. J. Frid, J. J. Morris, R. E. Coleman, M. Hanson, M. Babyak, E. T. Thyrum, and D. S. Krantz. “Mental stress-induced ischemia in the laboratory and ambulatory ischemia during daily life. Association and hemodynamic features.” Circulation 92, no. 8 (October 15, 1995): 2102–8. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.92.8.2102.
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    • Jiang, W., J. A. Blumenthal, M. W. Hanson, R. E. Coleman, C. M. O’Connor, D. Frid, J. J. Morris, and R. A. Waugh. “Relative importance of electrode placement over number of channels in transient myocardial ischemia detection by Holter monitoring.” Am J Cardiol 76, no. 5 (August 15, 1995): 350–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80099-x.
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    • Westman, E. C., D. B. Matchar, G. P. Samsa, C. D. Mulrow, R. A. Waugh, and J. R. Feussner. “Accuracy and reliability of apical S3 gallop detection.” J Gen Intern Med 10, no. 8 (August 1995): 455–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02599919.
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    • Lieberman, E. B., S. K. Heinle, N. Wildermann, R. A. Waugh, J. A. Kisslo, and T. M. Bashore. “Does hypotension during dobutamine stress echocardiography correlate with anatomic or functional cardiac impairment?” Am Heart J 129, no. 6 (June 1995): 1121–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(95)90392-5.
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    • Blumenthal, J. A., E. T. Thyrum, E. D. Gullette, A. Sherwood, and R. Waugh. “Do exercise and weight loss reduce blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension?” N C Med J 56, no. 2 (February 1995): 92–95.
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    • Waugh, R. A., J. W. Mayer, G. A. Ewy, J. M. Felner, B. S. Issenberg, I. H. Gessner, S. Rich, A. W. Sajid, and R. E. Safford. “Multimedia computer-assisted instruction in cardiology.” Arch Intern Med 155, no. 2 (January 23, 1995): 197–203.
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    • Wofford, M. M., J. L. Wofford, R. A. Waugh, J. W. Mayer, R. E. Safford, and J. M. Felner. “The affordability and efficacy of MCAI [2].” Archives of Internal Medicine 155, no. 15 (1995): 1682+1684.
    • Heinle, S., N. Wilderman, J. K. Harrison, R. Waugh, T. Bashore, L. M. Nicely, D. Durack, and J. Kisslo. “Value of transthoracic echocardiography in predicting embolic events in active infective endocarditis. Duke Endocarditis Service.” Am J Cardiol 74, no. 8 (October 15, 1994): 799–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(94)90438-3.
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    • Durack, D. T., A. S. Lukes, and D. K. Bright. “New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service.” Am J Med 96, no. 3 (March 1994): 200–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(94)90143-0.
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    • Heinle, S. K., and R. A. Waugh. “TEE for infective endocarditis.” Choices in Cardiology 8, no. 3 (January 1, 1994): 64–66.
    • Heinle, S. K., E. B. Lieberman, M. Ancukiewicz, R. A. Waugh, T. M. Bashore, and J. Kisslo. “Usefulness of dobutamine echocardiography for detecting restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.” Am J Cardiol 72, no. 17 (December 1, 1993): 1220–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(93)90287-m.
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    • Oddone, E. Z., R. A. Waugh, G. Samsa, R. Corey, and J. R. Feussner. “Teaching cardiovascular examination skills: results from a randomized controlled trial.” Am J Med 95, no. 4 (October 1993): 389–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(93)90308-c.
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    • Jiang, W., J. Hayano, E. R. Coleman, M. W. Hanson, D. J. Frid, C. O’Connor, D. Thurber, R. A. Waugh, and J. A. Blumenthal. “Relation of cardiovascular responses to mental stress and cardiac vagal activity in coronary artery disease.” Am J Cardiol 72, no. 7 (September 1, 1993): 551–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(93)90350-l.
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    • St Clair, E. W., E. Z. Oddone, R. A. Waugh, G. R. Corey, and J. R. Feussner. “Assessing housestaff diagnostic skills using a cardiology patient simulator.” Ann Intern Med 117, no. 9 (November 1, 1992): 751–56. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-9-751.
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    • Sugarman, J., L. R. Churchill, J. K. Moore, and R. A. Waugh. “Medical, ethical and legal issues regarding thrombolytic therapy in the Jehovah's Witness.” Am J Cardiol 68, no. 15 (December 1, 1991): 1525–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(91)90290-2.
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    • Sommer, J. R., E. Bossen, H. Dalen, P. Dolber, T. High, P. Jewett, E. A. Johnson, J. Junker, S. Leonard, and R. Nassar. “To excite a heart: a bird's view.” Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 599 (1991): 5–21.
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    • Sajid, A. W., G. A. Ewy, J. M. Felner, I. Gessner, M. S. Gordon, J. W. Mayer, C. Shub, and R. A. Waugh. “Cardiology patient simulator and computer-assisted instruction technologies in bedside teaching.” Med Educ 24, no. 6 (November 1990): 512–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02667.x.
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    • Ewy, G. A., J. M. Felner, D. Juul, J. W. Mayer, A. W. Sajid, and R. A. Waugh. “Test of a cardiology patient simulator with students in fourth-year electives.” J Med Educ 62, no. 9 (September 1987): 738–43. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-198709000-00005.
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    • Retchin, S. M., R. A. Waugh, and R. H. Fletcher. “The impact of echocardiographic results on treatment decisions for patients suspected of mitral valve prolapse.” Med Care 25, no. 7 (July 1987): 652–57. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198707000-00008.
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    • Retchin, S. M., R. H. Fletcher, J. Earp, N. Lamson, and R. A. Waugh. “Mitral valve prolapse. Disease or illness?” Arch Intern Med 146, no. 6 (June 1986): 1081–84.
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    • Lee, K. L., D. B. Pryor, F. E. Harrell, R. M. Califf, V. S. Behar, W. L. Floyd, J. J. Morris, R. A. Waugh, R. E. Whalen, and R. A. Rosati. “Predicting outcome in coronary disease. Statistical models versus expert clinicians.” Am J Med 80, no. 4 (April 1986): 553–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(86)90807-7.
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    • Belkin, R. N., R. A. Waugh, and J. Kisslo. “Interatrial shunting in atrial septal aneurysm.” Am J Cardiol 57, no. 4 (February 1, 1986): 310–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(86)90909-4.
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    • Retchin, S. M., R. H. Fletcher, P. C. Buescher, R. A. Waugh, and S. W. Battaglini. “The application of official policy. Prophylaxis recommendations for patients with mitral valve prolapse.” Med Care 23, no. 10 (October 1985): 1156–62.
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    • Retchin, S. M., R. H. Fletcher, and R. A. Waugh. “Endocarditis and mitral valve prolapse: what is the "risk"?” International Journal of Cardiology 5, no. 5 (1984): 653–59.
    • Califf, R. M., R. A. McKinnis, J. F. McNeer, F. E. Harrell, K. L. Lee, D. B. Pryor, R. A. Waugh, P. J. Harris, R. A. Rosati, and G. S. Wagner. “Prognostic value of ventricular arrhythmias associated with treadmill exercise testing in patients studied with cardiac catheterization for suspected ischemic heart disease.” J Am Coll Cardiol 2, no. 6 (December 1983): 1060–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(83)80330-1.
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    • Pritchett, E. L., M. J. Reiter, S. C. Hammill, R. Stack, R. A. Waugh, and D. G. Shand. “Is it safe to use intravenous verapamil to treat a patient who is taking oral verapamil?” Am Heart J 105, no. 2 (February 1983): 329–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(83)90537-9.
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    • Bossen, E. H., J. R. Sommer, and R. A. Waugh. “Comparative stereology of mouse atria.” Tissue Cell 13, no. 1 (1981): 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-8166(81)90039-2.
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    • Gordon, M. S., G. A. Ewy, J. M. Felner, A. D. Forker, I. H. Gessner, D. Juul, J. W. Mayer, A. Sajid, and R. A. Waugh. “A cardiology patient simulator for continuing education of family physicians.” Journal of Family Practice 13, no. 3 (1981): 353–56.
    • Waugh, R. A. “The effect of coronary bypass surgery on survival.” Proceedings, the Annual Meeting of the Medical Section of the American Council of Life Insurance, 1981, 31–42.
    • Gordon, M. S., G. A. Ewy, A. C. DeLeon, R. A. Waugh, J. M. Felner, A. D. Forker, I. H. Gessner, J. W. Mayer, and D. Patterson. “"Harvey," the cardiology patient simulator: pilot studies on teaching effectiveness.” Am J Cardiol 45, no. 4 (April 1980): 791–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(80)90123-x.
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    • Gordon, M. S., G. A. Ewy, J. M. Felner, A. D. Forker, I. Gessner, C. McGuire, J. W. Mayer, D. Patterson, A. Sajid, and R. A. Waugh. “Teaching bedside cardiologic examination skills using "Harvey", the cardiology patient simulator.” Med Clin North Am 64, no. 2 (March 1980): 305–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31620-0.
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    • Blair, T. P., R. A. Waugh, M. Pollack, H. E. Ashworth, N. A. Young, S. E. Anderson, and T. P. Bem. “Histoplasma capsulatum endocarditis.” American Heart Journal 99, no. 6 (1980): 783–88.
    • Sajid, A. W., M. S. Gordon, J. W. Mayer, G. A. Ewy, A. D. Forker, J. M. Felner, D. Juul, R. A. Waugh, H. S. Barrows, and A. S. Elstein. “Symposium: A multi-institutional research study on the use of simulation for teaching and evaluating patient examination skills.” Annual Conference on Research in Medical Education. Conference on Research in Medical Education, no. 19 (1980): 349–58.
    • Sommer, J. R., and R. A. Waugh. “Ultrastructure of heart muscle.” Environ Health Perspect 26 (October 1978): 159–67. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7826159.
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    • Bossen, E. H., J. R. Sommer, and R. A. Waugh. “Comparative stereology of the mouse and finch left ventricle.” Tissue Cell 10, no. 4 (1978): 773–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-8166(78)90062-9.
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    • Brenner, J. I., and R. A. Waugh. “Effect of phasic respiration on left ventricular dimension and performance in a normal population. An echocardiographic study.” Circulation 57, no. 1 (1978): 122–27.
    • Sommer, J. R., and R. A. Waugh. “The ultrastructure of the mammalian cardiac muscle cell: with special emphasis on the tubular membrane systems: a review.” American Journal of Pathology 82, no. 1 (December 1, 1976): 191–232.
    • Waugh, R. A., and J. R. Sommer. “Lamellar junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum. A specialization of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.” J Cell Biol 63, no. 1 (October 1974): 337–43. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.63.1.337.
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    • Johnson, M. L., S. G. Warren, R. A. Waugh, J. A. Kisslo, D. C. Sabiston, and R. G. Lester. “Echocardiography of the aortic valve in non-rheumatic left ventricular outflow tract lesions.” Radiology 112, no. 3 (September 1974): 677–84. https://doi.org/10.1148/112.3.677.
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    • Spray, T. L., R. A. Waugh, and J. R. Sommer. “Peripheral couplings in adult vertebrate skeletal muscle. Anatomical observations and functional implications.” J Cell Biol 62, no. 1 (July 1974): 223–27. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.62.1.223.
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    • Waugh, R. A., T. L. Spray, and J. R. Sommer. “Fenestrations of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Delineation by lanthanum acting as a fortuitous tracer and in situ negative stain.” J Cell Biol 59, no. 1 (October 1973): 254–60. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.59.1.254.
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    • Waugh, R. A., G. S. Wagner, T. L. Haney, R. A. Rosati, and J. J. Morris. “Immediate and remote prognostic significance of fascicular block during acute myocardial infarction.” Circulation 47, no. 4 (April 1973): 765–75. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.47.4.765.
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    • Rotman, M., G. S. Wagner, and R. A. Waugh. “Significance of high degree atrioventricular block in acute posterior myocardial infarction. The importance of clinical setting and mechanism of block.” Circulation 47, no. 2 (February 1973): 257–62. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.47.2.257.
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    • Hull, F. E., R. A. Waugh, M. Malone, G. Albers-Schönberg, and J. Smith. “Synthesis of ordinary and β-hydroxy fatty acids by heart mitochondria.” Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 149, no. 1 (1972): 69–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(72)90300-1.
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