Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • M.S., University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 1979
  • B.S., East Carolina University 1977
• 

  Previous Appointments & Affiliations

  • Associate Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2021
  • Associate Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2010 - 2020
  • Assistant Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2006 - 2009
  • Assistant Research Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2004 - 2006
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • Optimization of detection and monitoring of environmental fungal contamination to establish baseline contamination rates (BAA-75D301-22-R-72097 ) awarded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2022 - 2024
  • The Role of Host Inositol in Cryptococcus Biology and Pathogenesis awarded by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 2016 - 2021
  • Study Isavuconazole in a Rabbit Model of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis Caused by Cryptococccal gattii awarded by Astellas Pharma Inc. 2017 - 2019
  • APX001 with Fluconazole in a Murine Model of Cryptococcosis awarded by Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2016 - 2019
  • Mouse Study to Evaluate Efficacy of VL-2397 Against Cryptococcal Meningitis awarded by Vical, Inc. 2018
  • A Computer Modeling Approach to Create an Antifungal to Improve the Treatment of Cryptococcal Infections awarded by Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2015 - 2016
  • Pulmonary Surfactant and Lung Homeostasis awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 2014
  • Microfluidic PCR Platform to Detect Microbial DNA awarded by National Institutes of Health 2005 - 2010
  • Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Candidiasis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2005 - 2009
  • IPA for Wiley Schell awarded by Department of Veterans Affairs 2006 - 2008
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Academic Articles

    • Giamberardino, Charles D., Wiley A. Schell, Jennifer L. Tenor, Dena L. Toffaletti, Julia R. Palmucci, Choiselle Marius, Jane-Valeriane K. Boua, et al. “Efficacy of APX2039 in a Rabbit Model of Cryptococcal Meningitis.” Mbio 13, no. 6 (October 12, 2022): e0234722. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02347-22.
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    • Narayanasamy, Shanti, Adam R. Williams, Wiley A. Schell, Rebekah W. Moehring, Barbara D. Alexander, Thuy Le, Ramesh A. Bharadwaj, Michelle McGauvran, Jacob N. Schroder, and John R. Perfect. “Curvularia alcornii Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Following Aortic Valve Replacement: Case Report and Review of the Literature.” Open Forum Infect Dis 8, no. 11 (November 2021): ofab536. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab536.
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    • Rolfe, Robert, Wiley A. Schell, Becky Smith, Jacob Klapper, John R. Perfect, and Julia A. Messina. “Black mold takes hold and story told.” Med Mycol Case Rep 29 (September 2020): 12–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mmcr.2020.05.005.
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    • Autmizguine, Julie, P Brian Smith, Kristi Prather, Catherine Bendel, Girija Natarajan, Margarita Bidegain, David A. Kaufman, et al. “Effect of fluconazole prophylaxis on Candida fluconazole susceptibility in premature infants.” J Antimicrob Chemother 73, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 3482–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky353.
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    • Messina, Julia A., Cameron R. Wolfe, Marion Hemmersbach-Miller, Carmelo Milano, Jamie L. Todd, John Reynolds, Barbara D. Alexander, Wiley A. Schell, Christina A. Cuomo, and John R. Perfect. “Genomic characterization of recurrent mold infections in thoracic transplant recipients.” Transpl Infect Dis 20, no. 5 (October 2018): e12935. https://doi.org/10.1111/tid.12935.
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    • Shaw, Karen Joy, Wiley A. Schell, Jonathan Covel, Gisele Duboc, C. Giamberardino, Mili Kapoor, Molly Moloney, et al. “In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of APX001A/APX001 and Other Gwt1 Inhibitors against Cryptococcus.” Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 62, no. 8 (August 1, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1128/ACC00523;e00523-18.
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    • Shaw, Karen Joy, Wiley A. Schell, Jonathan Covel, Gisele Duboc, C. Giamberardino, Mili Kapoor, Molly Moloney, et al. “In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of APX001A/APX001 and Other Gwt1 Inhibitors against Cryptococcus.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 62, no. 8 (August 2018). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00523-18.
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    • Hussaini, Syed Mohammed Qasim, Deng Madut, Betty C. Tong, Elizabeth N. Pavlisko, Wiley A. Schell, John R. Perfect, and Nathan M. Thielman. “Pulmonary blastomycosis presenting as primary lung cancer.” Bmc Infect Dis 18, no. 1 (July 18, 2018): 336. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3244-0.
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    • Schell, Wiley A., A. M. Jones, Katyna Borroto-Esoda, and Barbara D. Alexander. “Antifungal Activity of SCY-078 and Standard Antifungal Agents against 178 Clinical Isolates of Resistant and Susceptible Candida Species.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61, no. 11 (November 2017). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01102-17.
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    • Schell, W. A., A. M. Jones, E. P. Garvey, W. J. Hoekstra, R. J. Schotzinger, and B. D. Alexander. “Fungal CYP51 Inhibitors VT-1161 and VT-1129 Exhibit Strong In Vitro Activity against Candida glabrata and C. krusei Isolates Clinically Resistant to Azole and Echinocandin Antifungal Compounds.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61, no. 3 (March 2017). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01817-16.
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    • Yu, Yuming, Mary J. Sabulski, Wiley A. Schell, Marcos M. Pires, John R. Perfect, and Steven L. Regen. “Simple Strategy for Taming Membrane-Disrupting Antibiotics.” Bioconjug Chem 27, no. 12 (December 21, 2016): 2850–53. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00629.
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    • Bertumen, J Bradford, Wiley A. Schell, Maria Joyce, Christopher Alley, and Christopher W. Woods. “Diagnostic difficulty identifying Apophysomyces trapeziformis septic arthritis in a patient with multiple myeloma.” Jmm Case Rep 3, no. 6 (December 2016): e005075. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmmcr.0.005075.
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    • Janout, Vaclav, Celine Bienvenu, Wiley Schell, John R. Perfect, and Steven L. Regen. “Correction to Molecular Umbrella-Amphotericin B Conjugates.” Bioconjug Chem 26, no. 10 (October 21, 2015): 2168. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00517.
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    • Janout, Vaclav, Wiley A. Schell, Damien Thévenin, Yuming Yu, John R. Perfect, and Steven L. Regen. “Taming Amphotericin B.” Bioconjug Chem 26, no. 10 (October 21, 2015): 2021–24. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00463.
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    • Sharma-Kuinkel, Batu K., Yuling Wu, David E. Tabor, Hoyin Mok, Bret R. Sellman, Amy Jenkins, Li Yu, et al. “Characterization of alpha-toxin hla gene variants, alpha-toxin expression levels, and levels of antibody to alpha-toxin in hemodialysis and postsurgical patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.” J Clin Microbiol 53, no. 1 (January 2015): 227–36. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02023-14.
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    • Janout, Vaclav, Celine Bienvenu, Wiley Schell, John R. Perfect, and Steven L. Regen. “Molecular umbrella-amphotericin B conjugates.” Bioconjug Chem 25, no. 8 (August 20, 2014): 1408–11. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc500277v.
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    • Moehring, Rebekah W., Sarah S. Lewis, Pamela J. Isaacs, Wiley A. Schell, Wayne R. Thomann, Mary M. Althaus, Kevin C. Hazen, et al. “Outbreak of bacteremia due to Burkholderia contaminans linked to intravenous fentanyl from an institutional compounding pharmacy.” Jama Intern Med 174, no. 4 (April 2014): 606–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13768.
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    • Holmer, Stephanie M., Kathy S. Evans, Yohannes G. Asfaw, Divey Saini, Wiley A. Schell, Julie G. Ledford, Richard Frothingham, Jo Rae Wright, Gregory D. Sempowski, and John R. Perfect. “Impact of surfactant protein D, interleukin-5, and eosinophilia on Cryptococcosis.” Infect Immun 82, no. 2 (February 2014): 683–93. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00855-13.
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    • Toth, Damon J. A., Adi V. Gundlapalli, Wiley A. Schell, Kenneth Bulmahn, Thomas E. Walton, Christopher W. Woods, Catherine Coghill, Frank Gallegos, Matthew H. Samore, and Frederick R. Adler. “Quantitative models of the dose-response and time course of inhalational anthrax in humans.” Plos Pathog 9, no. 8 (August 2013): e1003555. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003555.
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    • Boehm, R. D., P. R. Miller, W. A. Schell, J. R. Perfect, and R. J. Narayan. “Inkjet printing of amphotericin B onto biodegradable microneedles using piezoelectric inkjet printing.” Jom 65, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 525–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0574-7.
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    • Moss, Hart B., W Craig Fowler, Wiley A. Schell, John R. Perfect, and Dan C. Zedek. “Dematiaceous fungi mimicking a conjunctival melanoma.” Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 29, no. 2 (2013): e65–66. https://doi.org/10.1097/IOP.0b013e31826c2fd7.
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    • Espinel-Ingroff, A., A. I. Aller, E. Canton, L. R. Castañón-Olivares, A. Chowdhary, S. Cordoba, M. Cuenca-Estrella, et al. “Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56, no. 11 (November 2012): 5898–5906. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01115-12.
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    • Schell, W. A., J. L. Benton, P. B. Smith, M. Poore, J. L. Rouse, D. J. Boles, M. D. Johnson, et al. “Evaluation of a digital microfluidic real-time PCR platform to detect DNA of Candida albicans in blood.” Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31, no. 9 (September 2012): 2237–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-012-1561-6.
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    • Espinel-Ingroff, A., A. Chowdhary, M. Cuenca-Estrella, A. Fothergill, J. Fuller, F. Hagen, N. Govender, et al. “Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for amphotericin B and flucytosine.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56, no. 6 (June 2012): 3107–13. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.06252-11.
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    • Schell, Wiley A., Kerry O’Donnell, and J Andrew Alspaugh. “Heterothallic mating in Mucor irregularis and first isolate of the species outside of Asia.” Med Mycol 49, no. 7 (October 2011): 714–23. https://doi.org/10.3109/13693786.2011.568975.
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    • Pfeiffer, Christopher D., Gregory P. Samsa, Wiley A. Schell, L Barth Reller, John R. Perfect, and Barbara D. Alexander. “Quantitation of Candida CFU in initial positive blood cultures.” J Clin Microbiol 49, no. 8 (August 2011): 2879–83. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00609-11.
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    • Espinel-Ingroff, A., E. Canton, A. Fothergill, M. Ghannoum, E. Johnson, R. N. Jones, L. Ostrosky-Zeichner, et al. “Quality control guidelines for amphotericin B, Itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole disk diffusion susceptibility tests with nonsupplemented Mueller-Hinton Agar (CLSI M51-A document) for nondermatophyte Filamentous Fungi.” J Clin Microbiol 49, no. 7 (July 2011): 2568–71. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00393-11.
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    • Schell, Wiley A., Arthur G. Lee, and M Catherine Aime. “A new lineage in Pucciniomycotina: class Tritirachiomycetes, order Tritirachiales, family Tritirachiaceae.” Mycologia 103, no. 6 (2011): 1331–40. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-333.
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    • Alexander, B. D., W. A. Schell, A. M. Siston, C. Y. Rao, W. A. Bower, S. A. Balajee, D. N. Howell, et al. “Fatal Apophysomyces elegans infection transmitted by deceased donor renal allografts.” Am J Transplant 10, no. 9 (September 2010): 2161–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03216.x.
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    • LaFayette, Shantelle L., Cathy Collins, Aimee K. Zaas, Wiley A. Schell, Marisol Betancourt-Quiroz, AA Leslie Gunatilaka, John R. Perfect, and Leah E. Cowen. “PKC signaling regulates drug resistance of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans via circuitry comprised of Mkc1, calcineurin, and Hsp90.” Plos Pathog 6, no. 8 (August 26, 2010): e1001069. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1001069.
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    • Wulff-Burchfield, Elizabeth, Wiley A. Schell, Allen E. Eckhardt, Michael G. Pollack, Zhishan Hua, Jeremy L. Rouse, Vamsee K. Pamula, et al. “Microfluidic platform versus conventional real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory specimens.” Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 67, no. 1 (May 2010): 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.12.020.
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    • Hua, Zhishan, Jeremy L. Rouse, Allen E. Eckhardt, Vijay Srinivasan, Vamsee K. Pamula, Wiley A. Schell, Jonathan L. Benton, Thomas G. Mitchell, and Michael G. Pollack. “Multiplexed real-time polymerase chain reaction on a digital microfluidic platform.” Anal Chem 82, no. 6 (March 15, 2010): 2310–16. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac902510u.
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    • Singh, Sheena D., Nicole Robbins, Aimee K. Zaas, Wiley A. Schell, John R. Perfect, and Leah E. Cowen. “Hsp90 governs echinocandin resistance in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans via calcineurin.” Plos Pathog 5, no. 7 (July 2009): e1000532. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000532.
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    • Cowen, Leah E., Sheena D. Singh, Julia R. Köhler, Cathy Collins, Aimee K. Zaas, Wiley A. Schell, Hamza Aziz, et al. “Harnessing Hsp90 function as a powerful, broadly effective therapeutic strategy for fungal infectious disease.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, no. 8 (February 24, 2009): 2818–23. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0813394106.
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    • Bidartondo, M. I. “Preserving accuracy in GenBank.” Science 319, no. 5870 (March 21, 2008): 1616. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.319.5870.1616a.
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    • Onyewu, Chiatogu, Emily Eads, Wiley A. Schell, John R. Perfect, Yehuda Ullmann, Gil Kaufman, Benjamin A. Horwitz, Israela Berdicevsky, and Joseph Heitman. “Targeting the calcineurin pathway enhances ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors against Trichophyton mentagrophytes in vitro and in a human skin infection model.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51, no. 10 (October 2007): 3743–46. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00492-07.
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    • Espinel-Ingroff, A., A. Fothergill, M. Ghannoum, E. Manavathu, L. Ostrosky-Zeichner, M. A. Pfaller, M. G. Rinaldi, W. Schell, and T. J. Walsh. “Quality control and reference guidelines for CLSI broth microdilution method (M38-A document) for susceptibility testing of anidulafungin against molds.” J Clin Microbiol 45, no. 7 (July 2007): 2180–82. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00399-07.
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    • Smith, P. B., W. J. Steinbach, C. M. Cotten, W. A. Schell, J. R. Perfect, T. J. Walsh, and D. K. Benjamin. “Caspofungin for the treatment of azole resistant candidemia in a premature infant.” J Perinatol 27, no. 2 (February 2007): 127–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jp.7211637.
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    • Guarro, Josep, Luiz Carlos Severo, Josepa Gené, Flavio de Mattos Oliveira, Josep Cano, Guilherme Franche, Vlademir Vicente Cantarelli, and Wiley A. Schell. “Sinusitis caused by the fungus Xylaria enteroleuca in a lung transplant recipient.” Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 56, no. 2 (October 2006): 207–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.06.002.
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    • Espinel-Ingroff, A., A. Fothergill, M. Ghannoum, E. Manavathu, L. Ostrosky-Zeichner, M. Pfaller, M. Rinaldi, W. Schell, and T. Walsh. “Quality control and reference guidelines for CLSI broth microdilution susceptibility method (M 38-A document) for amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole.” J Clin Microbiol 43, no. 10 (October 2005): 5243–46. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.10.5243-5246.2005.
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    • Alexander, Barbara D., Wiley A. Schell, Jackie L. Miller, Gwynn D. Long, and John R. Perfect. “Candida glabrata fungemia in transplant patients receiving voriconazole after fluconazole.” Transplantation 80, no. 6 (September 27, 2005): 868–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000173771.47698.7b.
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    • Chang, Christopher Y., Wiley A. Schell, John R. Perfect, and Gregory F. Hulka. “Novel use of a swimming pool biocide in the treatment of a rare fungal mastoiditis.” Laryngoscope 115, no. 6 (June 2005): 1065–69. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MLG.0000163338.45700.FE.
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    • Steinbach, William J., Nina Singh, Jackie L. Miller, Daniel K. Benjamin, Wiley A. Schell, Joseph Heitman, and John R. Perfect. “In vitro interactions between antifungals and immunosuppressants against Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from transplant and nontransplant patients.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48, no. 12 (December 2004): 4922–25. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.48.12.4922-4925.2004.
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    • Jiménez-Expósito, M. J., G. Torres, A. Baraldés, N. Benito, F. Marco, J. C. Paré, A. Moreno, et al. “Native valve endocarditis due to Candida glabrata treated without valvular replacement: a potential role for caspofungin in the induction and maintenance treatment.” Clin Infect Dis 39, no. 7 (October 1, 2004): e70–73. https://doi.org/10.1086/424018.
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    • Steinbach, William J., Daniel K. Benjamin, Scott A. Trasi, Jackie L. Miller, Wiley A. Schell, Aimee K. Zaas, W Michael Foster, and John R. Perfect. “Value of an inhalational model of invasive aspergillosis.” Med Mycol 42, no. 5 (October 2004): 417–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/13693780410001712034.
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    • Steinbach, William J., John R. Perfect, Wiley A. Schell, Thomas J. Walsh, and Daniel K. Benjamin. “In vitro analyses, animal models, and 60 clinical cases of invasive Aspergillus terreus infection.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48, no. 9 (September 2004): 3217–25. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.48.9.3217-3225.2004.
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    • Miwa, Takuya, Yukinobu Takagi, Makiko Shinozaki, Cheol-Won Yun, Wiley A. Schell, John R. Perfect, Hidehiko Kumagai, and Hisanori Tamaki. “Gpr1, a putative G-protein-coupled receptor, regulates morphogenesis and hypha formation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans.” Eukaryot Cell 3, no. 4 (August 2004): 919–31. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.3.4.919-931.2004.
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    • Odds, Frank C., Mary Motyl, Roberto Andrade, Jacques Bille, Emilia Cantón, Manuel Cuenca-Estrella, Amanda Davidson, et al. “Interlaboratory comparison of results of susceptibility testing with caspofungin against Candida and Aspergillus species.” J Clin Microbiol 42, no. 8 (August 2004): 3475–82. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.8.3475-3482.2004.
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    • Steinbach, William J., Wiley A. Schell, Jill R. Blankenship, Chiatogu Onyewu, Joseph Heitman, and John R. Perfect. “In vitro interactions between antifungals and immunosuppressants against Aspergillus fumigatus.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48, no. 5 (May 2004): 1664–69. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.48.5.1664-1669.2004.
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    • Miller, J. L., W. A. Schell, E. A. Wills, D. L. Toffaletti, M. Boyce, D. K. Benjamin, J. Bartroli, and J. R. Perfect. “In vitro and in vivo efficacies of the new triazole albaconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48, no. 2 (February 2004): 384–87. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.48.2.384-387.2004.
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    • Steinbach, W. J., W. A. Schell, J. L. Miller, J. R. Perfect, and P. L. Martin. “Fatal Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in a paediatric stem-cell transplant patient treated with voriconazole and caspofungin and a review of Scopulariopsis infections in immunocompromised patients.” J Infect 48, no. 1 (January 2004): 112–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0163-4453(03)00134-8.
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    • Taj-Aldeen, Saad J., Ali A. Hilal, and Wiley A. Schell. “Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: a report of 8 cases.” Am J Otolaryngol 25, no. 3 (2004): 213–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2003.12.003.
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    • Steinbach, William J., Thomas G. Mitchell, Wiley A. Schell, Ana Espinel-Ingroff, Richard F. Coico, Thomas J. Walsh, and John R. Perfect. “Status of medical mycology education.” Med Mycol 41, no. 6 (December 2003): 457–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/13693780310001631322.
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    • Zaas, Aimee K., Molly Boyce, Wiley Schell, Barbara Alexander Lodge, Jackie L. Miller, and John R. Perfect. “Risk of fungemia due to Rhodotorula and antifungal susceptibility testing of Rhodotorula isolates.” J Clin Microbiol 41, no. 11 (November 2003): 5233–35. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.11.5233-5235.2003.
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    • Steinbach, William J., Wiley A. Schell, Jackie L. Miller, and John R. Perfect. “Scedosporium prolificans osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child treated with voriconazole and caspofungin, as well as locally applied polyhexamethylene biguanide.” J Clin Microbiol 41, no. 8 (August 2003): 3981–85. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.8.3981-3985.2003.
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    • Trinh, Jane V., William J. Steinbach, Wiley A. Schell, Joanne Kurtzberg, Steven S. Giles, and John R. Perfect. “Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in an immunodeficient child treated medically with combination antifungal therapy.” Med Mycol 41, no. 4 (August 2003): 339–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/369378031000137369.
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    • Gottfredsson, Magnús, James J. Vredenburgh, Jianping Xu, Wiley A. Schell, and John R. Perfect. “Candidemia in women with breast carcinoma treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation.” Cancer 98, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 24–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.11470.
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    • Blankenship, Jill R., Floyd L. Wormley, Molly K. Boyce, Wiley A. Schell, Scott G. Filler, John R. Perfect, and Joseph Heitman. “Calcineurin is essential for Candida albicans survival in serum and virulence.” Eukaryot Cell 2, no. 3 (June 2003): 422–30. https://doi.org/10.1128/EC.2.3.422-430.2003.
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    • Stephens, C. E., F. Tanious, S. Kim, W. D. Wilson, W. A. Schell, J. R. Perfect, S. G. Franzblau, and D. W. Boykin. “Diguanidino and "reversed" diamidino 2,5-diarylfurans as antimicrobial agents.” J Med Chem 44, no. 11 (May 24, 2001): 1741–48. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm000413a.
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    • Hu, G., S. Yi, B. C. Roberts, C. E. Hayes, W. A. Schell, J. R. Perfect, and W. C. Fowler. “In vitro susceptibilities of ocular isolates in fungal keratitis to posaconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent.” Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 42, no. 4 (March 15, 2001): S580–S580.
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    • Schell, W. A. “Unusual fungal pathogens in fungal rhinosinusitis.” Otolaryngol Clin North Am 33, no. 2 (April 2000): 367–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0030-6665(00)80011-0.
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    • Schell, W. A. “Histopathology of fungal rhinosinusitis.” Otolaryngol Clin North Am 33, no. 2 (April 2000): 251–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0030-6665(00)80004-3.
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    • Del Poeta, M., W. A. Schell, C. C. Dykstra, S. K. Jones, R. R. Tidwell, A. Kumar, D. W. Boykin, and J. R. Perfect. “In vitro antifungal activities of a series of dication-substituted carbazoles, furans, and benzimidazoles.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42, no. 10 (October 1998): 2503–10. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.42.10.2503.
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    • Del Poeta, M., W. A. Schell, C. C. Dykstra, S. Jones, R. R. Tidwell, A. Czarny, M. Bajic, A. Kumar, D. Boykin, and J. R. Perfect. “Structure-in vitro activity relationships of pentamidine analogues and dication-substituted bis-benzimidazoles as new antifungal agents.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42, no. 10 (October 1998): 2495–2502. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.42.10.2495.
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    • Schell, W. A., G. M. De Almeida, R. K. Dodge, K. Okonogi, and J. R. Perfect. “In vitro and in vivo efficacy of the triazole TAK-187 against Cryptococcus neoformans.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42, no. 10 (October 1998): 2630–32. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.42.10.2630.
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    • Schell, Wiley A., Katharine Liu, David N. Howell, and John R. Perfect. “The Phenomenon of Adventitious Sporulation.” American Journal of Clinical Pathology 110, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 129–129. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/110.1.129.
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    • Liu, K., D. N. Howell, J. R. Perfect, and W. A. Schell. “Morphologic criteria for the preliminary identification of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, and Acremonium species by histopathology.” Am J Clin Pathol 109, no. 1 (January 1998): 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/109.1.45.
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    • Del Poeta, M., W. A. Schell, and J. R. Perfect. “In vitro antifungal activity of pneumocandin L-743,872 against a variety of clinically important molds.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41, no. 8 (August 1997): 1835–36. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.41.8.1835.
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    • Perfect, J. R., G. M. Cox, R. K. Dodge, and W. A. Schell. “In vitro and in vivo efficacies of the azole SCH56592 against Cryptococcus neoformans.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40, no. 8 (August 1996): 1910–13. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.40.8.1910.
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    • Heinz, T., J. Perfect, W. Schell, E. Ritter, G. Ruff, and D. Serafin. “Soft-tissue fungal infections: surgical management of 12 immunocompromised patients.” Plast Reconstr Surg 97, no. 7 (June 1996): 1391–99. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199606000-00011.
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    • Schell, W. A., and J. R. Perfect. “Fatal, disseminated Acremonium strictum infection in a neutropenic host.” J Clin Microbiol 34, no. 5 (May 1996): 1333–36. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.34.5.1333-1336.1996.
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    • Perfect, J. R., and W. A. Schell. “The new fungal opportunists are coming.” Clin Infect Dis 22 Suppl 2 (May 1996): S112–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/22.supplement_2.s112.
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    • Heald, A. E., G. M. Cox, W. A. Schell, J. A. Bartlett, and J. R. Perfect. “Oropharyngeal yeast flora and fluconazole resistance in HIV-infected patients receiving long-term continuous versus intermittent fluconazole therapy.” Aids 10, no. 3 (March 1996): 263–68. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199603000-00004.
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    • Morris, A., W. A. Schell, D. McDonagh, S. Chaffee, and J. R. Perfect. “Pneumonia due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi and cerebral abscesses due to Emericella nidulans in a bone marrow transplant recipient.” Clin Infect Dis 21, no. 5 (November 1995): 1346–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.5.1346.
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    • Schell, W. A. “New aspects of emerging fungal pathogens. A multifaceted challenge.” Clin Lab Med 15, no. 2 (June 1995): 365–87.
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    • Berg, D., J. A. Garcia, W. A. Schell, J. R. Perfect, and J. C. Murray. “Cutaneous infection caused by Curvularia pallescens: a case report and review of the spectrum of disease.” J Am Acad Dermatol 32, no. 2 Pt 2 (February 1995): 375–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0190-9622(95)90408-5.
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    • Schell, W. A. “Erratum: New aspects of emerging fungal pathogens: A multifaceted challenge (Clinics in Laboratory Medicine (June 1995) (369)).” Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 15, no. 3 (January 1, 1995).
    • Cox, G. M., W. A. Schell, R. L. Scher, and J. R. Perfect. “First report of involvement of Nodulisporium species in human disease.” J Clin Microbiol 32, no. 9 (September 1994): 2301–4. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.32.9.2301-2304.1994.
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    • Cameron, M. L., W. A. Schell, S. Bruch, J. A. Bartlett, H. A. Waskin, and J. R. Perfect. “Correlation of in vitro fluconazole resistance of Candida isolates in relation to therapy and symptoms of individuals seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1.” Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37, no. 11 (November 1993): 2449–53. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.37.11.2449.
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    • Perfect, J. R., W. A. Schell, and M. G. Rinaldi. “Uncommon invasive fungal pathogens in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.” J Med Vet Mycol 31, no. 2 (1993): 175–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681219380000211.
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    • Goodwin, S. D., J. Fiedler-Kelly, T. H. Grasela, W. A. Schell, and J. R. Perfect. “A nationwide survey of clinical laboratory methodologies for fungal infections.” J Med Vet Mycol 30, no. 2 (1992): 153–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681219280000201.
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    • Albright, R. E., C. B. Graham, R. H. Christenson, W. A. Schell, M. C. Bledsoe, J. L. Emlet, T. P. Mears, L. B. Reller, and K. A. Schneider. “Issues in cerebrospinal fluid management. Acid-fast bacillus smear and culture.” Am J Clin Pathol 95, no. 3 (March 1991): 418–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/95.3.418.
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    • Perfect, J. R., W. W. Pickard, D. L. Hunt, B. Palmer, and W. A. Schell. “The use of amphotericin B in nosocomial fungal infection.” Rev Infect Dis 13, no. 3 (1991): 474–79. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.3.474.
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    • Shaunak, S., W. A. Schell, and J. R. Perfect. “Cryptococcal meningitis with normal cerebrospinal fluid.” J Infect Dis 160, no. 5 (November 1989): 912. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/160.5.912.
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    • Valenstein, P., and W. A. Schell. “Primary intranasal Fusarium infection. Potential for confusion with rhinocerebral zygomycosis.” Arch Pathol Lab Med 110, no. 8 (August 1986): 751–54.
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    • McGinnis, M. R., W. A. Schell, and J. Carson. “Phaeoannellomyces and the Phaeococcomycetaceae, new dematiaceous blastomycete taxa.” Sabouraudia 23, no. 3 (June 1985): 179–88.
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    • McGinnis, M. R., L. Ajello, and W. A. Schell. “Mycotic disease. A proposed nomenclature.” International Journal of Dermatology 24, no. 1 (1985): 9–15.
    • McGinnis, M. R., W. A. Schell, and J. Carson. “Phaeoannellomyces and the phaeococcomycetaceae, new dematiaceous blastomycete taxa.” Sabouraudia Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 23, no. 3 (January 1, 1985): 179–88.
    • McGinnis, M. R., L. Ajello, and W. A. Schell. “Mycotic diseases. A proposed nomenclature.” Int J Dermatol 24, no. 1 (1985): 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1985.tb05347.x.
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    • Schell, W. A., M. G. Johnson, M. R. McGinnis, I. Weitzman, and M. Y. Crist. “Zygomycosis caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae: mycologic aspects.” Arch Pathol Lab Med 106, no. 6 (June 1982): 287–91.
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    • Wheeler, M. S., M. R. McGinnis, W. A. Schell, and D. H. Walker. “Fusarium infection in burned patients.” Am J Clin Pathol 75, no. 3 (March 1981): 304–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/75.3.304.
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  • Book Sections

    • Schell, W. A. “Mycotic agents.” In Biological Safety: Principles and Practices, 147–62, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555819637.ch7.
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    • Perfect, J. R., B. D. Alexander, and W. A. Schell. “Phaeohyphomycoses (brown-black moulds).” In Essentials of Clinical Mycology: Second Edition, 305–17, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6640-7_17.
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