Scholars@Duke

• Background
• 

  Education, Training, & Certifications

  • M.S., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1979
  • B.S., East Carolina University 1977
• 

  Duke Appointment History

  • Assistant Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2006 - 2009
  • Assistant Research Professor in Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Medicine 2004 - 2006
• Research
• 

  Selected Grants

  • Molecular Mycology and Pathogenesis Training Program awarded by National Institutes of Health 2002 - 2019
  • Study Isavuconazole in a Rabbit Model of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis Caused by Cryptococccal gattii awarded by Astellas Pharma Inc. 2017 - 2019
  • APX001 with Fluconazole in a Murine Model of Cryptococcosis awarded by Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2016 - 2018
  • The Role of Host Inositol in Cryptococcus Biology and Pathogenesis awarded by Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 2016 - 2018
  • Mouse Study to Evaluate Efficacy of VL-2397 Against Cryptococcal Meningitis awarded by Vical, Inc. 2018
  • A Computer Modeling Approach to Create an Antifungal to Improve the Treatment of Cryptococcal Infections awarded by Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2015 - 2016
  • Pulmonary Surfactant and Lung Homeostasis awarded by National Institutes of Health 1993 - 2014
  • Microfluidic PCR Platform to Detect Microbial DNA awarded by National Institutes of Health 2005 - 2010
  • Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Candidiasis awarded by National Institutes of Health 2005 - 2009
  • IPA for Wiley Schell awarded by Department of Veterans Affairs 2006 - 2008
• Publications & Artistic Works
• 

  Selected Publications

  • Book Sections

    • Perfect, JR, Alexander, BD, and Schell, WA. "Phaeohyphomycoses (brown-black moulds)." In Essentials of Clinical Mycology: Second Edition, 305-317. January 1, 2011.  Full Text

  • Journal Articles

    • Shaw, KJ, Schell, WA, Covel, J, Duboc, G, Giamberardino, C, Kapoor, M, Moloney, M, Soltow, QA, Tenor, JL, Toffaletti, DL, Trzoss, M, Webb, P, and Perfect, JR. "In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of APX001A/APX001 and Other Gwt1 Inhibitors against Cryptococcus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 62, no. 8 (August 2018).  Full Text
    • Hussaini, SMQ, Madut, D, Tong, BC, Pavlisko, EN, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, and Thielman, NM. "Pulmonary blastomycosis presenting as primary lung cancer." Bmc Infectious Diseases 18, no. 1 (July 18, 2018): 336-null.  Full Text
    • Messina, JA, Wolfe, CR, Hemmersbach-Miller, M, Milano, C, Todd, JL, Reynolds, J, Alexander, BD, Schell, WA, Cuomo, CA, and Perfect, JR. "Genomic characterization of recurrent mold infections in thoracic transplant recipients." Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society (May 31, 2018): e12935-.  Full Text
    • Schell, WA, Jones, AM, Borroto-Esoda, K, and Alexander, BD. "Antifungal Activity of SCY-078 and Standard Antifungal Agents against 178 Clinical Isolates of Resistant and Susceptible Candida Species." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 61, no. 11 (November 2017).  Full Text
    • Schell, WA, Jones, AM, Garvey, EP, Hoekstra, WJ, Schotzinger, RJ, and Alexander, BD. "Fungal CYP51 Inhibitors VT-1161 and VT-1129 Exhibit Strong In Vitro Activity against Candida glabrata and C. krusei Isolates Clinically Resistant to Azole and Echinocandin Antifungal Compounds." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 61, no. 3 (March 2017).  Full Text
    • Bertumen, JB, Schell, WA, Joyce, M, Alley, C, and Woods, CW. "Diagnostic difficulty identifying Apophysomyces trapeziformis septic arthritis in a patient with multiple myeloma." Jmm Case Reports 3, no. 6 (December 19, 2016): e005075-null.  Full Text
    • Yu, Y, Sabulski, MJ, Schell, WA, Pires, MM, Perfect, JR, and Regen, SL. "Simple Strategy for Taming Membrane-Disrupting Antibiotics." Bioconjugate Chemistry 27, no. 12 (December 2016): 2850-2853.  Full Text
    • Janout, V, Bienvenu, C, Schell, W, Perfect, JR, and Regen, SL. "Correction to Molecular Umbrella-Amphotericin B Conjugates." Bioconjugate Chemistry 26, no. 10 (October 2015): 2168-null.  Full Text
    • Janout, V, Schell, WA, Thevenin, D, Yu, Y, Perfect, JR, and Regen, SL. "Taming Amphotericin B." BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY 26, no. 10 (October 2015): 2021-2024.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Janout, V, Schell, WA, Thévenin, D, Yu, Y, Perfect, JR, and Regen, SL. "Taming Amphotericin B." Bioconjugate Chemistry 26, no. 10 (October 2015): 2021-2024.  Full Text
    • Sharma-Kuinkel, BK, Wu, Y, Tabor, DE, Mok, H, Sellman, BR, Jenkins, A, Yu, L, Jafri, HS, Rude, TH, Ruffin, F, Schell, WA, Park, LP, Yan, Q, Thaden, JT, Messina, JA, Fowler, VG, and Esser, MT. "Characterization of alpha-toxin hla gene variants, alpha-toxin expression levels, and levels of antibody to alpha-toxin in hemodialysis and postsurgical patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia." Journal of clinical microbiology 53, no. 1 (January 2015): 227-236.  Full Text
    • Janout, V, Bienvenu, C, Schell, W, Perfect, JR, and Regen, SL. "Molecular umbrella-amphotericin B conjugates." Bioconjugate Chemistry 25, no. 8 (August 2014): 1408-1411.  Full Text
    • Moehring, RW, Lewis, SS, Isaacs, PJ, Schell, WA, Thomann, WR, Althaus, MM, Hazen, KC, Dicks, KV, Lipuma, JJ, Chen, LF, and Sexton, DJ. "Outbreak of bacteremia due to Burkholderia contaminans linked to intravenous fentanyl from an institutional compounding pharmacy." Jama Internal Medicine 174, no. 4 (April 2014): 606-612.  Full Text
    • Holmer, SM, Evans, KS, Asfaw, YG, Saini, D, Schell, WA, Ledford, JG, Frothingham, R, Wright, JR, Sempowski, GD, Perfect, JR, and Pirofski, L. "Impact of surfactant protein d, interleukin-5, and eosinophilia on cryptococcosis." Infection and Immunity 82, no. 2 (February 2014): 683-693.  Full Text
    • Holmer, SM, Evans, KS, Asfaw, YG, Saini, D, Schell, WA, Ledford, JG, Frothingham, R, Wright, JR, Sempowski, GD, and Perfect, JR. "Impact of surfactant protein D, interleukin-5, and eosinophilia on Cryptococcosis." Infection and immunity 82, no. 2 (February 2014): 683-693.  Full Text
    • Toth, DJA, Gundlapalli, AV, Schell, WA, Bulmahn, K, Walton, TE, Woods, CW, Coghill, C, Gallegos, F, Samore, MH, and Adler, FR. "Quantitative Models of the Dose-Response and Time Course of Inhalational Anthrax in Humans." PLOS PATHOGENS 9, no. 8 (August 2013).  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Boehm, RD, Miller, PR, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, and Narayan, RJ. "Inkjet Printing of Amphotericin B onto Biodegradable Microneedles Using Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing." JOM 65, no. 4 (April 2013): 525-533.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Moss, HB, Fowler, WC, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, and Zedek, DC. "Dematiaceous fungi mimicking a conjunctival melanoma." Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 29, no. 2 (March 2013): e65-e66.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Boehm, RD, Miller, PR, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, and Narayan, RJ. "Inkjet printing of amphotericin B onto biodegradable microneedles using piezoelectric inkjet printing." JOM 65, no. 4 (2013): 525-533.  Full Text
    • Espinel-Ingroff, A, Aller, AI, Canton, E, Castañón-Olivares, LR, Chowdhary, A, Cordoba, S, Cuenca-Estrella, M, Fothergill, A, Fuller, J, Govender, N, Hagen, F, Illnait-Zaragozi, MT, Johnson, E, Kidd, S, Lass-Flörl, C, Lockhart, SR, Martins, MA, Meis, JF, Melhem, MSC, Ostrosky-Zeichner, L, Pelaez, T, Pfaller, MA, Schell, WA, St-Germain, G, Trilles, L, and Turnidge, J. "Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 11 (November 2012): 5898-5906.  Full Text
    • Schell, WA, Benton, JL, Smith, PB, Poore, M, Rouse, JL, Boles, DJ, Johnson, MD, Alexander, BD, Pamula, VK, Eckhardt, AE, Pollack, MG, Benjamin, DK, Perfect, JR, and Mitchell, TG. "Evaluation of a digital microfluidic real-time PCR platform to detect DNA of Candida albicans in blood." Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31, no. 9 (September 2012): 2237-2245.  Full Text  Open Access Copy  Link to Item
    • Espinel-Ingroff, A, Chowdhary, A, Cuenca-Estrella, M, Fothergill, A, Fuller, J, Hagen, F, Govender, N, Guarro, J, Johnson, E, Lass-Flörl, C, Lockhart, SR, Martins, MA, Meis, JF, Melhem, MSC, Ostrosky-Zeichner, L, Pelaez, T, Pfaller, MA, Schell, WA, Trilles, L, Kidd, S, and Turnidge, J. "Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for amphotericin B and flucytosine." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 6 (June 2012): 3107-3113.  Full Text
    • Schell, WA, Lee, AG, and Aime, MC. "A new lineage in Pucciniomycotina: class Tritirachiomycetes, order Tritirachiales, family Tritirachiaceae." Mycologia 103, no. 6 (November 2011): 1331-1340.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Schell, WA, O'Donnell, K, and Alspaugh, JA. "Heterothallic mating in Mucor irregularis and first isolate of the species outside of Asia." Med Mycol 49, no. 7 (October 2011): 714-723.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Pfeiffer, CD, Samsa, GP, Schell, WA, Reller, LB, Perfect, JR, and Alexander, BD. "Quantitation of Candida CFU in initial positive blood cultures." J Clin Microbiol 49, no. 8 (August 2011): 2879-2883.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Espinel-Ingroff, A, Canton, E, Fothergill, A, Ghannoum, M, Johnson, E, Jones, RN, Ostrosky-Zeichner, L, Schell, W, Gibbs, DL, Wang, A, and Turnidge, J. "Quality control guidelines for amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole disk diffusion susceptibility tests with nonsupplemented Mueller-Hinton agar (CLSI M51-A document) for nondermatophyte filamentous fungi." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 49, no. 7 (2011): 2568-2571.  Full Text
    • Alexander, BD, Schell, WA, Siston, AM, Rao, CY, Bower, WA, Balajee, SA, Howell, DN, Moore, ZS, Noble-Wang, J, Rhyne, JA, Fleischauer, AT, Maillard, JM, Kuehnert, M, Vikraman, D, Collins, BH, Marroquin, CE, and Park, BJ. "Fatal Apophysomyces elegans infection transmitted by deceased donor renal allografts." American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 10, no. 9 (September 2010): 2161-2167.  Full Text
    • LaFayette, SL, Collins, C, Zaas, AK, Schell, WA, Betancourt-Quiroz, M, Gunatilaka, AAL, Perfect, JR, and Cowen, LE. "PKC signaling regulates drug resistance of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans via circuitry comprised of Mkc1, calcineurin, and Hsp90." Plos Pathogens 6, no. 8 (August 26, 2010): e1001069-null.  Full Text  Open Access Copy
    • Wulff-Burchfield, E, Schell, WA, Eckhardt, AE, Pollack, MG, Hua, Z, Rouse, JL, Pamula, VK, Srinivasan, V, Benton, JL, Alexander, BD, Wilfret, DA, Kraft, M, Cairns, CB, Perfect, JR, and Mitchell, TG. "Microfluidic platform versus conventional real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory specimens." Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 67, no. 1 (May 2010): 22-29.  Full Text  Open Access Copy  Link to Item
    • Hua, Z, Rouse, JL, Eckhardt, AE, Srinivasan, V, Pamula, VK, Schell, WA, Benton, JL, Mitchell, TG, and Pollack, MG. "Multiplexed real-time polymerase chain reaction on a digital microfluidic platform." Anal Chem 82, no. 6 (March 15, 2010): 2310-2316.  Full Text  Open Access Copy  Link to Item
    • Singh, SD, Robbins, N, Zaas, AK, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, and Cowen, LE. "Hsp90 governs echinocandin resistance in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans via calcineurin." PLoS Pathog 5, no. 7 (July 2009): e1000532-.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Cowen, LE, Singh, SD, Köhler, JR, Collins, C, Zaas, AK, Schell, WA, Aziz, H, Mylonakis, E, Perfect, JR, Whitesell, L, and Lindquist, S. "Harnessing Hsp90 function as a powerful, broadly effective therapeutic strategy for fungal infectious disease." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106, no. 8 (February 5, 2009): 2818-2823.  Full Text
    • Bidartondo, MI, Bruns, TD, Blackwell, M, Edwards, I, Taylor, AFS, Horton, T, Zhang, N, Koljalg, U, May, G, Kuyper, TW, Bever, JD, Gilbert, G, Taylor, JW, DeSantis, TZ, Pringle, A, Borneman, J, Thorn, G, Berbee, M, Mueller, GM, Andersen, GL, Vellinga, EC, Branco, S, Anderson, I, Dickie, IA, Avis, P, Timonen, S, Kjoller, R, Lodge, DJ, Bateman, RM, Purvis, A, Crous, PW, Hawkes, C, Barraclough, T, Burt, A, Nilsson, RH, Larsson, K-H, Alexander, I, Moncalvo, J-M, Berube, J, Spatafora, J, and Lumbsch, HT et al. "Preserving accuracy in GenBank." SCIENCE 319, no. 5870 (March 21, 2008): 1616-1616.  Link to Item
    • Onyewu, C, Eads, E, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, Ullmann, Y, Kaufman, G, Horwitz, BA, Berdicevsky, I, and Heitman, J. "Targeting the calcineurin pathway enhances ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors against Trichophyton mentagrophytes in vitro and in a human skin infection model." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 51, no. 10 (October 2007): 3743-3746.  Full Text
    • Smith, PB, Steinbach, WJ, Cotten, CM, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, Walsh, TJ, and Benjamin, DK. "Caspofungin for the treatment of azole resistant candidemia in a premature infant." J Perinatol 27, no. 2 (February 2007): 127-129.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Espinel-Ingroff, A, Fothergill, A, Ghannoum, M, Manavathu, E, Ostrosky-Zeichner, L, Pfaller, MA, Rinaldi, MG, Schell, W, and Walsh, TJ. "Quality control and reference guidelines for CLSI broth microdilution method (M38-A document) for susceptibility testing of anidulafungin against molds." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 45, no. 7 (2007): 2180-2182.  Full Text
    • Guarro, J, Severo, LC, Gené, J, Oliveira, FDM, Cano, J, Franche, G, Cantarelli, VV, and Schell, WA. "Sinusitis caused by the fungus Xylaria enteroleuca in a lung transplant recipient." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 56, no. 2 (2006): 207-212.  Full Text
    • Alexander, BD, Schell, WA, Miller, JL, Long, GD, and Perfect, JR. "Candida glabrata fungemia in transplant patients receiving voriconazole after fluconazole." Transplantation 80, no. 6 (September 27, 2005): 868-871.  Link to Item
    • Chang, CY, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, and Hulka, GF. "Novel use of a swimming pool biocide in the treatment of a rare fungal mastoiditis." Laryngoscope 115, no. 6 (June 2005): 1065-1069.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Espinel-Ingroff, A, Fothergill, A, Ghannoum, M, Manavathu, E, Ostrosky-Zeichner, L, Pfaller, M, Rinaldi, M, Schell, W, and Walsh, T. "Quality control and reference guidelines for CLSI broth microdilution susceptibility method (M38-A document) for amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43, no. 10 (2005): 5243-5246.  Full Text
    • Steinbach, WJ, Singh, N, Miller, JL, Benjamin, DK, Schell, WA, Heitman, J, and Perfect, JR. "In vitro interactions between antifungals and immunosuppressants against Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from transplant and nontransplant patients." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 12 (December 2004): 4922-4925.  Full Text
    • Jiménez-Expósito, MJ, Torres, G, Baraldés, A, Benito, N, Marco, F, Paré, JC, Moreno, A, Claramonte, X, Mestres, CA, Almela, M, García de la María, C, Pérez, N, Schell, WA, Corey, GR, Perfect, J, Jiménez de Anta, MT, Gatell, JM, and Miró, JM. "Native valve endocarditis due to Candida glabrata treated without valvular replacement: a potential role for caspofungin in the induction and maintenance treatment." Clin Infect Dis 39, no. 7 (October 1, 2004): e70-e73.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Steinbach, WJ, Benjamin, DK, Trasi, SA, Miller, JL, Schell, WA, Zaas, AK, Foster, WM, and Perfect, JR. "Value of an inhalational model of invasive aspergillosis." Medical Mycology 42, no. 5 (October 2004): 417-425.  Full Text
    • Steinbach, WJ, Perfect, JR, Schell, WA, Walsh, TJ, and Benjamin, DK. "In vitro analyses, animal models, and 60 clinical cases of invasive Aspergillus terreus infection." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 9 (September 2004): 3217-3225. (Review)  Full Text
    • Miwa, T, Takagi, Y, Shinozaki, M, Yun, C-W, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, Kumagai, H, and Tamaki, H. "Gpr1, a putative G-protein-coupled receptor, regulates morphogenesis and hypha formation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans." Eukaryotic Cell 3, no. 4 (August 2004): 919-931.  Full Text
    • Odds, FC, Motyl, M, Andrade, R, Bille, J, Cantón, E, Cuenca-Estrella, M, Davidson, A, Durussel, C, Ellis, D, Foraker, E, Fothergill, AW, Ghannoum, MA, Giacobbe, RA, Gobernado, M, Handke, R, Laverdière, M, Lee-Yang, W, Merz, WG, Ostrosky-Zeichner, L, Pemán, J, Perea, S, Perfect, JR, Pfaller, MA, Proia, L, Rex, JH, Rinaldi, MG, Rodriguez-Tudela, J-L, Schell, WA, Shields, C, Sutton, DA, Verweij, PE, and Warnock, DW. "Interlaboratory comparison of results of susceptibility testing with caspofungin against Candida and Aspergillus species." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42, no. 8 (August 2004): 3475-3482.  Full Text
    • Steinbach, WJ, Schell, WA, Blankenship, JR, Onyewu, C, Heitman, J, and Perfect, JR. "In vitro interactions between antifungals and immunosuppressants against Aspergillus fumigatus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 5 (May 2004): 1664-1669.  Full Text
    • Miller, JL, Schell, WA, Wills, EA, Toffaletti, DL, Boyce, M, Benjamin, DK, Bartroli, J, and Perfect, JR. "In vitro and in vivo efficacies of the new triazole albaconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 2 (February 2004): 384-387.  Full Text
    • Steinbach, WJ, Schell, WA, Miller, JL, Perfect, JR, and Martin, PL. "Fatal Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in a paediatric stem-cell transplant patient treated with voriconazole and caspofungin and a review of Scopulariopsis infections in immunocompromised patients." The Journal of Infection 48, no. 1 (January 2004): 112-116. (Review)  Full Text
    • Taj-Aldeen, SJ, Hilal, AA, and Schell, WA. "Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: A report of 8 cases." American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery 25, no. 3 (2004): 213-218.  Full Text
    • Steinbach, WJ, Mitchell, TG, Schell, WA, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Coico, RF, Walsh, TJ, and Perfect, JR. "Status of medical mycology education." Med Mycol 41, no. 6 (December 2003): 457-467. (Review)  Link to Item
    • Zaas, AK, Boyce, M, Schell, W, Lodge, BA, Miller, JL, and Perfect, JR. "Risk of fungemia due to Rhodotorula and antifungal susceptibility testing of Rhodotorula isolates." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, no. 11 (November 2003): 5233-5235.  Full Text
    • Steinbach, WJ, Schell, WA, Miller, JL, and Perfect, JR. "Scedosporium prolificans osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child treated with voriconazole and caspofungin, as well as locally applied polyhexamethylene biguanide." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41, no. 8 (August 2003): 3981-3985. (Review)  Full Text
    • Trinh, JV, Steinbach, WJ, Schell, WA, Kurtzberg, J, Giles, SS, and Perfect, JR. "Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in an immunodeficient child treated medically with combination antifungal therapy." Med Mycol 41, no. 4 (August 2003): 339-345.  Link to Item
    • Gottfredsson, M, Vredenburgh, JJ, Xu, J, Schell, WA, and Perfect, JR. "Candidemia in women with breast carcinoma treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation." Cancer 98, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 24-30.  Full Text  Link to Item
    • Blankenship, JR, Wormley, FL, Boyce, MK, Schell, WA, Filler, SG, Perfect, JR, and Heitman, J. "Calcineurin is essential for Candida albicans survival in serum and virulence." Eukaryotic Cell 2, no. 3 (June 2003): 422-430.  Full Text
    • Stephens, CE, Tanious, F, Kim, S, Wilson, WD, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, Franzblau, SG, and Boykin, DW. "Diguanidino and "reversed" diamidino 2,5-diarylfurans as antimicrobial agents." J Med Chem 44, no. 11 (May 24, 2001): 1741-1748.  Link to Item
    • Hu, G, Yi, S, Roberts, BC, Hayes, CE, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, and Fowler, WC. "In vitro susceptibilities of ocular isolates in fungal keratitis to posaconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent." INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE 42, no. 4 (March 15, 2001): S580-S580.  Link to Item
    • Schell, WA. "Unusual fungal pathogens in fungal rhinosinusitis." Otolaryngol Clin North Am 33, no. 2 (April 2000): 367-373. (Review)  Link to Item
    • Schell, WA. "Histopathology of fungal rhinosinusitis." Otolaryngol Clin North Am 33, no. 2 (April 2000): 251-276. (Review)  Link to Item
    • Del Poeta, M, Schell, WA, Dykstra, CC, Jones, S, Tidwell, RR, Czarny, A, Bajic, M, Kumar, A, Boykin, D, and Perfect, JR. "Structure-in vitro activity relationships of pentamidine analogues and dication-substituted bis-benzimidazoles as new antifungal agents." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42, no. 10 (October 1998): 2495-2502.  Link to Item
    • Del Poeta, M, Schell, WA, Dykstra, CC, Jones, SK, Tidwell, RR, Kumar, A, Boykin, DW, and Perfect, JR. "In vitro antifungal activities of a series of dication-substituted carbazoles, furans, and benzimidazoles." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42, no. 10 (October 1998): 2503-2510.  Link to Item
    • Schell, WA, De Almeida, GM, Dodge, RK, Okonogi, K, and Perfect, JR. "In vitro and in vivo efficacy of the triazole TAK-187 against Cryptococcus neoformans." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42, no. 10 (October 1998): 2630-2632.  Link to Item
    • Schell, WA, Liu, K, Howell, DN, and Perfect, JR. "The phenomenon of adventitious sporulation." AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 110, no. 1 (July 1998): 129-129.  Link to Item
    • Liu, K, Howell, DN, Perfect, JR, and Schell, WA. "Morphologic criteria for the preliminary identification of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, and Acremonium species by histopathology." Am J Clin Pathol 109, no. 1 (January 1998): 45-54.  Link to Item
    • Del Poeta, M, Schell, WA, and Perfect, JR. "In vitro antifungal activity of pneumocandin L-743,872 against a variety of clinically important molds." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41, no. 8 (August 1997): 1835-1836.  Link to Item
    • Perfect, JR, Cox, GM, Dodge, RK, and Schell, WA. "In vitro and in vivo efficacies of the azole SCH56592 against Cryptococcus neoformans." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40, no. 8 (August 1996): 1910-1913.  Link to Item
    • Heinz, T, Perfect, J, Schell, W, Ritter, E, Ruff, G, and Serafin, D. "Soft-tissue fungal infections: surgical management of 12 immunocompromised patients." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 97, no. 7 (June 1996): 1391-1399.  Full Text
    • Perfect, JR, and Schell, WA. "The new fungal opportunists are coming." Clin Infect Dis 22 Suppl 2 (May 1996): S112-S118. (Review)  Link to Item
    • Schell, WA, and Perfect, JR. "Fatal, disseminated Acremonium strictum infection in a neutropenic host." J Clin Microbiol 34, no. 5 (May 1996): 1333-1336. (Review)  Link to Item
    • Heald, AE, Cox, GM, Schell, WA, Bartlett, JA, and Perfect, JR. "Oropharyngeal yeast flora and fluconazole resistance in HIV-infected patients receiving long-term continuous versus intermittent fluconazole therapy." AIDS 10, no. 3 (March 1996): 263-268.  Link to Item
    • Morris, A, Schell, WA, McDonagh, D, Chaffee, S, and Perfect, JR. "Pneumonia due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi and cerebral abscesses due to Emericella nidulans in a bone marrow transplant recipient." Clin Infect Dis 21, no. 5 (November 1995): 1346-1348.  Link to Item
    • Schell, WA. "New aspects of emerging fungal pathogens. A multifaceted challenge." Clin Lab Med 15, no. 2 (June 1995): 365-387. (Review)  Link to Item
    • Berg, D, Garcia, JA, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, and Murray, JC. "Cutaneous infection caused by Curvularia pallescens: a case report and review of the spectrum of disease." J Am Acad Dermatol 32, no. 2 Pt 2 (February 1995): 375-378. (Review)  Link to Item
    • Berg, D, Garcia, JA, Schell, WA, Perfect, JR, and Murray, JC. "Cutaneous infection caused by Curvularia pallescens: A case report and review of the spectrum of disease." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 32, no. 2 PART 2 (1995): 375-378.
    • Schell, WA. "Erratum: New aspects of emerging fungal pathogens: A multifaceted challenge (Clinics in Laboratory Medicine (June 1995) (369))." Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 15, no. 3 (1995): x-.
    • Cox, GM, Schell, WA, Scher, RL, and Perfect, JR. "First report of involvement of Nodulisporium species in human disease." J Clin Microbiol 32, no. 9 (September 1994): 2301-2304.  Link to Item
    • Cameron, ML, Schell, WA, Bruch, S, Bartlett, JA, Waskin, HA, and Perfect, JR. "Correlation of in vitro fluconazole resistance of Candida isolates in relation to therapy and symptoms of individuals seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1." Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37, no. 11 (November 1993): 2449-2453.  Link to Item
    • Perfect, J, Schell, W, and Rinaldi, M. "Uncommon invasive fungal pathogens in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome." Medical Mycology 31, no. 2 (January 1993): 175-179.  Full Text
    • Perfect, JR, Schell, WA, and Rinaldi, MG. "Uncommon invasive fungal pathogens in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome." J Med Vet Mycol 31, no. 2 (1993): 175-179. (Review)  Link to Item
    • Goodwin, S, Fiedler-Kelly, J, Grasela, T, Schell, W, and Perfect, J. "A nationwide survey of clinical laboratory methodologies for fungal infections." Medical Mycology 30, no. 2 (January 1992): 153-160.  Full Text
    • Goodwin, SD, Fiedler-Kelly, J, Grasela, TH, Schell, WA, and Perfect, JR. "A nationwide survey of clinical laboratory methodologies for fungal infections." J Med Vet Mycol 30, no. 2 (1992): 153-160.  Link to Item
    • Perfect, JR, Pickard, WW, Hunt, DL, Palmer, B, and Schell, WA. "The use of amphotericin B in nosocomial fungal infection." Rev Infect Dis 13, no. 3 (May 1991): 474-479.  Link to Item
    • Albright, RE, Graham, CB, Christenson, RH, Schell, WA, Bledsoe, MC, Emlet, JL, Mears, TP, Reller, LB, and Schneider, KA. "Issues in cerebrospinal fluid management. Acid-fast bacillus smear and culture." Am J Clin Pathol 95, no. 3 (March 1991): 418-423.  Link to Item
    • Shaunak, S, Schell, WA, and Perfect, JR. "Cryptococcal meningitis with normal cerebrospinal fluid." J Infect Dis 160, no. 5 (November 1989): 912-. (Letter)  Link to Item
    • Valenstein, P, and Schell, WA. "Primary intranasal Fusarium infection. Potential for confusion with rhinocerebral zygomycosis." Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 110, no. 8 (1986): 751-754.
    • McGinnis, MR, Ajello, L, and Schell, WA. "Mycotic diseases. A proposed nomenclature." International journal of dermatology 24, no. 1 (January 1985): 9-15.  Full Text
    • McGinnis, MR, Ajello, L, and Schell, WA. "Mycotic disease. A proposed nomenclature." International Journal of Dermatology 24, no. 1 (1985): 9-15.
    • McGinnis, MR, Schell, WA, and Carson, J. "Phaeoannellomyces and the phaeococcomycetaceae, new dematiaceous blastomycete taxa." Sabouraudia Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 23, no. 3 (January 1, 1985): 179-188.
    • McGinnis, MR, Schell, WA, and Carson, J. "Phaeoannellomyces and the phaeococcomycetaceae, new dematiaceous blastomycete taxa." Sabouraudia Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology 23, no. 3 (1985): 179-188.
    • Schell, WA, Johnson, MG, McGinnis, MR, Weitzman, I, and Crist, MY. "Zygomycosis caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Mycologic aspects." Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 106, no. 6 (1982): 287-291.
    • Wheeler, MS, McGinnis, MR, Schell, WA, and Walker, DH. "Fusarium infection in burned patients." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 75, no. 3 (1981): 304-311.

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