Scholars@Duke
Wiley Alexander Schell

Wiley Alexander Schell

Associate Professor Emeritus in Medicine
Medicine, Infectious Diseases

Selected Publications

Efficacy of Liposomal Nystatin in a Rabbit Model of Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Journal Article J Fungi (Basel) · July 26, 2024 Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) causes significant global morbidity and mortality. Current therapeutic strategies rely on deoxycholated or liposomal forms of the polyene amphotericin B. Nystatin is also a polyene with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Tr ... Full text Link to item Cite

A ketogenic diet enhances fluconazole efficacy in murine models of systemic fungal infection.

Journal Article mBio · May 2024 Invasive fungal infections are a significant public health concern, with mortality rates ranging from 20% to 85% despite current treatments. Therefore, we examined whether a ketogenic diet could serve as a successful treatment intervention in murine models ... Full text Cite

Pharmacodynamics of ATI-2307 in a rabbit model of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · October 18, 2023 Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis (CM) is a devastating fungal disease with high morbidity and mortality. The current regimen that is standard-of-care involves a combination of three different drugs administered for up to one year. There is a critical need ... Full text Link to item Cite

Susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans Infection with Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition.

Journal Article Infect Immun · August 16, 2023 Patients receiving the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib have an increased likelihood of fungal infections. The objectives of this study were to determine if Cryptococcus neoformans infection severity was isolate dependent with BTK inhibit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Efficacy of APX2039 in a Rabbit Model of Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Journal Article mBio · December 20, 2022 Cryptococcal Meningitis (CM) is uniformly fatal if not treated, and treatment options are limited. We previously reported on the activity of APX2096, the prodrug of the novel Gwt1 inhibitor APX2039, in a mouse model of CM. Here, we investigated the efficac ... Full text Link to item Cite

Curvularia alcornii Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Following Aortic Valve Replacement: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Journal Article Open Forum Infect Dis · November 2021 We report the first case of Curvularia alcornii aortic pseudoaneurysm following bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement in an immunocompetent host. Infection was complicated by septic emboli to multiple organs. Despite aggressive surgical intervention and a ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Black mold takes hold and story told.

Journal Article Med Mycol Case Rep · September 2020 We present a case of an invasive Curvularia infection in a patient who developed following bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation despite receiving post-transplant antifungal prophylaxis. This infection presented as mold colonies studding the interior s ... Full text Link to item Cite

Effect of fluconazole prophylaxis on Candida fluconazole susceptibility in premature infants.

Journal Article J Antimicrob Chemother · December 1, 2018 OBJECTIVES: Extremely premature infants are at high risk of developing invasive candidiasis; fluconazole prophylaxis is safe and effective for reducing invasive candidiasis in this population but further study is needed. We sought to better understand the ... Full text Link to item Cite

Genomic characterization of recurrent mold infections in thoracic transplant recipients.

Journal Article Transpl Infect Dis · October 2018 Invasive mold disease in thoracic organ transplant recipients is a well-recognized complication, but the long-term persistence of molds within the human body and evasion of host defenses has not been well-described. We present 2 cases of invasive mold dise ... Full text Link to item Cite

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of APX001A/APX001 and Other Gwt1 Inhibitors against Cryptococcus.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · August 2018 Cryptococcal meningitis (CM), caused primarily by Cryptococcus neoformans, is uniformly fatal if not treated. Treatment options are limited, especially in resource-poor geographical regions, and mortality rates remain high despite current therapies. Here w ... Full text Link to item Cite

Pulmonary blastomycosis presenting as primary lung cancer.

Journal Article BMC Infect Dis · July 18, 2018 BACKGROUND: Blastomycosis is an endemic mycosis in North America that is caused by the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis. The illness is a systemic disease with a wide variety of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. The initial presentatio ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Antifungal Activity of SCY-078 and Standard Antifungal Agents against 178 Clinical Isolates of Resistant and Susceptible Candida Species.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · November 2017 SCY-078 in vitro activity was determined for 178 isolates of resistant or susceptible Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae, and Candida parapsilosis, including 44 Candida isolates with known genotypic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fungal CYP51 Inhibitors VT-1161 and VT-1129 Exhibit Strong In Vitro Activity against Candida glabrata and C. krusei Isolates Clinically Resistant to Azole and Echinocandin Antifungal Compounds.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · March 2017 The in vitro activities of fungal CYP51 inhibitors VT-1161 and VT-1129 were determined for Candida glabrata (n = 34) and C. krusei (n = 50). C. glabrata isolates were screened for FKS gene mutations. All isolates were resistant clinically and/or in vitro t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Simple Strategy for Taming Membrane-Disrupting Antibiotics.

Journal Article Bioconjug Chem · December 21, 2016 A strategy has been devised for increasing the cellular selectivity of membrane-disrupting antibiotics based on the attachment of a facially amphiphilic sterol. Using Amphotericin B (AmB) as a prototype, covalent attachment of cholic acid bound to a series ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diagnostic difficulty identifying Apophysomyces trapeziformis septic arthritis in a patient with multiple myeloma.

Journal Article JMM Case Rep · December 2016 INTRODUCTION: Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection, but can cause substantial morbidity and mortality in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Apophysomyces is a mucormycetes species ubiquitous in nature, particularly in soil, decaying wo ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Mycotic agents

Chapter · January 1, 2016 The number of fungal species is conservatively estimated to be 1.5 million, and at least 98,000 have been described formally (1). Although more than 300 of these are documented as causing disease in humans, only about 100 are encountered regularly as patho ... Full text Cite

Taming Amphotericin B.

Journal Article Bioconjug Chem · October 21, 2015 A strategy is introduced for enhancing the cellular selectivity of Amphotericin B (AmB) and other classes of membrane-disrupting agents. This strategy involves attaching the agent to a molecular umbrella to minimize the disruptive power of aggregated forms ... Full text Link to item Cite

Characterization of alpha-toxin hla gene variants, alpha-toxin expression levels, and levels of antibody to alpha-toxin in hemodialysis and postsurgical patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · January 2015 Alpha-toxin is a major Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor. This study evaluated potential relationships between in vitro alpha-toxin expression of S. aureus bloodstream isolates, anti-alpha-toxin antibody in serum of patients with S. aureus bacteremia ... Full text Link to item Cite

Molecular umbrella-amphotericin B conjugates.

Journal Article Bioconjug Chem · August 20, 2014 A tetrawalled and an octawalled molecular umbrella conjugate of amphotericin B (AmB) have been synthesized. Both conjugates exhibit high water solubility, a low tendency to aggregate, negligible hemolytic activity at 100 μM, and an ability to release a der ... Full text Link to item Cite

Outbreak of bacteremia due to Burkholderia contaminans linked to intravenous fentanyl from an institutional compounding pharmacy.

Journal Article JAMA Intern Med · April 2014 Featured Publication IMPORTANCE Many health care facilities compound medications on site to fulfill local demands when customized formulations are needed, national supply is critically low, or costs for manufactured pharmaceuticals are excessive. Small, institutional compoundi ... Full text Link to item Cite

Impact of surfactant protein D, interleukin-5, and eosinophilia on Cryptococcosis.

Journal Article Infect Immun · February 2014 Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that initiates infection following inhalation. As a result, the pulmonary immune response provides a first line of defense against C. neoformans. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an important regula ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Mycotic Agents of Human Disease

Chapter · January 1, 2014 Traditional distinctions regarding inherent virulence and portal of infection provide a useful starting point for considering the pathogenic fungi. Discussion of fungal agents of human disease in this chapter is organism based rather than disease based. Th ... Full text Cite

Quantitative models of the dose-response and time course of inhalational anthrax in humans.

Journal Article PLoS Pathog · August 2013 Featured Publication Anthrax poses a community health risk due to accidental or intentional aerosol release. Reliable quantitative dose-response analyses are required to estimate the magnitude and timeline of potential consequences and the effect of public health intervention ... Full text Link to item Cite

Inkjet printing of amphotericin B onto biodegradable microneedles using piezoelectric inkjet printing

Journal Article JOM · April 1, 2013 The delivery of amphotericin B, a pharmacologic agent with activity against a broad spectrum of fungi as well as against parasitic protozoa, has been complicated by the fact that amphotericin B exhibits poor solubility in aqueous solutions at physiologic p ... Full text Cite

Dematiaceous fungi mimicking a conjunctival melanoma.

Journal Article Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg · 2013 An 85-year-old, immunocompetent man was referred to the authors due to the presence of an enlarging, pigmented mass of the conjunctiva concerning for a conjunctival melanoma. Wide excision of the mass revealed a pigmented or "dematiaceous" fungus. He was t ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · November 2012 Featured Publication Epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) for the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex versus fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole are not available. We established ECVs for these species and agents based on wild-type ... Full text Link to item Cite

Evaluation of a digital microfluidic real-time PCR platform to detect DNA of Candida albicans in blood.

Journal Article Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis · September 2012 Species of Candida frequently cause life-threatening infections in neonates, transplant and intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and others with compromised host defenses. The successful management of systemic candidiasis depends upon early, rapid diagnosis ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex: an international study of wild-type susceptibility endpoint distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for amphotericin B and flucytosine.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · June 2012 Clinical breakpoints (CBPs) are not available for the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex. MIC distributions were constructed for the wild type (WT) to establish epidemiologic cutoff values (ECVs) for C. neoformans and C. gattii ver ... Full text Link to item Cite

Heterothallic mating in Mucor irregularis and first isolate of the species outside of Asia.

Journal Article Med Mycol · October 2011 Featured Publication This study reports on the discovery of heterothallic mating in Mucor irregularis (formerly Rhizomucor variabilis var. variabilis) and it extends the range of this species from Asia to the United States. We report on a case of primary cutaneous mucormycosis ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quantitation of Candida CFU in initial positive blood cultures.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2011 One potential limitation of DNA-based molecular diagnostic tests for Candida bloodstream infection (BSI) is organism burden, which is not sufficiently characterized. We hypothesized that the number of CFU per milliliter (CFU/ml) present in an episode of Ca ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quality control guidelines for amphotericin B, Itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole disk diffusion susceptibility tests with nonsupplemented Mueller-Hinton Agar (CLSI M51-A document) for nondermatophyte Filamentous Fungi.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 2011 Although Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk diffusion assay standard conditions are available for susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi (molds) to antifungal agents, quality control (QC) disk diffusion zone diameter ranges have n ... Full text Link to item Cite

Phaeohyphomycoses (brown-black moulds)

Chapter · January 1, 2011 Phaeohyphomycosis, a term first introduced by Ajello and colleagues [1], is an encompassing clinical designation for a spectrum of infections caused by darkly pigmented moulds [2, 3]. In its simplest definition, phaeohyphomycosis is an infection caused by ... Full text Cite

A new lineage in Pucciniomycotina: class Tritirachiomycetes, order Tritirachiales, family Tritirachiaceae.

Journal Article Mycologia · 2011 Featured Publication Based on multiple gene analyses (nuclear large subunit, nuclear small subunit, internal transcribed spacer region including the 5.8 s subunit rDNA, and translation elongation factor 1α) and septal pore ultrastructure we describe a new lineage of Pucciniomy ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fatal Apophysomyces elegans infection transmitted by deceased donor renal allografts.

Journal Article Am J Transplant · September 2010 Two patients developed renal mucormycosis following transplantation of kidneys from the same donor, a near-drowning victim in a motor vehicle crash. Genotypically, indistinguishable strains of Apophysomyces elegans were recovered from both recipients. We i ... Full text Link to item Cite

PKC signaling regulates drug resistance of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans via circuitry comprised of Mkc1, calcineurin, and Hsp90.

Journal Article PLoS Pathog · August 26, 2010 Fungal pathogens exploit diverse mechanisms to survive exposure to antifungal drugs. This poses concern given the limited number of clinically useful antifungals and the growing population of immunocompromised individuals vulnerable to life-threatening fun ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Microfluidic platform versus conventional real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory specimens.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · May 2010 Rapid, accurate diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae is compromised by low sensitivity of culture and serology. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has emerged as a sensitive method to detect M. pneumoniae DNA in clinica ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Multiplexed real-time polymerase chain reaction on a digital microfluidic platform.

Journal Article Anal Chem · March 15, 2010 Featured Publication This paper details the development of a digital microfluidic platform for multiplexed real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Liquid samples in discrete droplet format are programmably manipulated upon an electrode array by the use of electrowetting. R ... Full text Open Access Link to item Cite

Hsp90 governs echinocandin resistance in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans via calcineurin.

Journal Article PLoS Pathog · July 2009 Featured Publication Candida albicans is the leading fungal pathogen of humans, causing life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals. Treatment of candidiasis is hampered by the limited number of antifungal drugs whose efficacy is compromised by host toxicity, fun ... Full text Link to item Cite

Harnessing Hsp90 function as a powerful, broadly effective therapeutic strategy for fungal infectious disease.

Journal Article Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · February 24, 2009 Invasive fungal infections are a leading cause of mortality among immunocompromised individuals. Treatment is notoriously difficult with the limited armamentarium of antifungal drugs, whose efficacy is compromised by host toxicity, a limited activity spect ... Full text Link to item Cite

Preserving accuracy in GenBank.

Journal Article Science · March 21, 2008 Featured Publication Full text Link to item Cite

Targeting the calcineurin pathway enhances ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors against Trichophyton mentagrophytes in vitro and in a human skin infection model.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · October 2007 Fluconazole-FK506 or fluconazole-cyclosporine drug combinations were tested in an ex vivo Trichophyton mentagrophytes human skin infection model. Conidia colonization was monitored by scanning electron microscopy over a 7-day treatment period. The fluconaz ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quality control and reference guidelines for CLSI broth microdilution method (M38-A document) for susceptibility testing of anidulafungin against molds.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · July 2007 Featured Publication The CLSI (formerly NCCLS) M38-A document for antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi does not describe guidelines for echinocandins. A multicenter study (eight centers) evaluated inter- and intralaboratory reproducibilities of two reading ti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Caspofungin for the treatment of azole resistant candidemia in a premature infant.

Journal Article J Perinatol · February 2007 Candidemia is common in extremely low birth weight infants and is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. Treatment options have traditionally been limited to amphotericin B deoxycholate or fluconazole. We present a case of a premature infant ... Full text Link to item Cite

Sinusitis caused by the fungus Xylaria enteroleuca in a lung transplant recipient.

Journal Article Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis · October 2006 Featured Publication We report the 1st case of sinusitis and human infection by Xylaria enteroleuca (anamorph Nodulisporium sp.), a rare fungal endophyte of rain forest trees. The patient was a Brazilian woman who had her lung transplanted. Diagnosis was established by direct ... Full text Link to item Cite

Quality control and reference guidelines for CLSI broth microdilution susceptibility method (M 38-A document) for amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · October 2005 Although standard conditions are available for testing the susceptibilities of filamentous fungi to antifungal agents by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI; formerly National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) broth microdiluti ... Full text Link to item Cite

Candida glabrata fungemia in transplant patients receiving voriconazole after fluconazole.

Journal Article Transplantation · September 27, 2005 The clinical impact of voriconazole resistance in Candida glabrata is not well described. Five hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients that developed breakthrough Candida glabrata bloodstream infections while receiving voriconazole are described and ... Full text Link to item Cite

Novel use of a swimming pool biocide in the treatment of a rare fungal mastoiditis.

Journal Article Laryngoscope · June 2005 Featured Publication OBJECTIVE: To describe an extremely rare fungal mastoiditis caused by Lecythophora hoffmannii, its recalcitrant behavior to therapy, and eventual successful treatment with adjunctive therapy using polyhexamethylene biguanide (a common swimming pool biocide ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro interactions between antifungals and immunosuppressants against Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from transplant and nontransplant patients.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · December 2004 We performed in vitro antifungal checkerboard testing on 12 Aspergillus fumigatus clinical isolates (6 transplant recipients and 6 nontransplant patients) with three antifungal agents (amphotericin B, voriconazole, and caspofungin) and three immunosuppress ... Full text Link to item Cite

Native valve endocarditis due to Candida glabrata treated without valvular replacement: a potential role for caspofungin in the induction and maintenance treatment.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · October 1, 2004 Conventional antifungal therapy for fungal endocarditis has been associated with a poor cure rate. Therefore, combined medical and surgical therapy has been recommended. However, new potent antifungal agents, such as echinocandins, could increase the medic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Value of an inhalational model of invasive aspergillosis.

Journal Article Med Mycol · October 2004 Animal models of invasive aspergillosis have been used for virulence studies and antifungal efficacy evaluations but results have been inconsistent. In an attempt to reproduce human infection, many Aspergillus animal models have utilized a 'pulmonary route ... Full text Link to item Cite

Gpr1, a putative G-protein-coupled receptor, regulates morphogenesis and hypha formation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans.

Journal Article Eukaryot Cell · August 2004 Featured Publication In response to various extracellular signals, the morphology of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans switches from yeast to hypha form. Here, we report that GPR1 encoding a putative G-protein-coupled receptor and GPA2 encoding a Galpha subunit are re ... Full text Link to item Cite

Interlaboratory comparison of results of susceptibility testing with caspofungin against Candida and Aspergillus species.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2004 Seventeen laboratories participated in a study of interlaboratory reproducibility with caspofungin microdilution susceptibility testing against panels comprising 30 isolates of Candida spp. and 20 isolates of Aspergillus spp. The laboratories used material ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro interactions between antifungals and immunosuppressants against Aspergillus fumigatus.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · May 2004 Featured Publication The optimal treatment for invasive aspergillosis remains elusive, despite the increased efficacy of newer agents. The immunosuppressants cyclosporine (CY), tacrolimus (FK506), and sirolimus (formerly called rapamycin) exhibit in vitro and in vivo activity ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro and in vivo efficacies of the new triazole albaconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · February 2004 The activity of albaconazole (UR-9825; J. Uriach & Cía. S.A., Barcelona, Spain) was compared to that of fluconazole against 12 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro and against 1 isolate in vivo in a rabbit model of cryptococcal meningitis. Albacona ... Full text Link to item Cite

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis: a report of 8 cases.

Journal Article Am J Otolaryngol · 2004 Eight patients presented with clinical manifestations such as polyps and mucin were reported to have allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFS). Histopathologic sections from tissue samples containing mucin from the paranasal sinuses obtained by endoscopic opera ... Full text Link to item Cite

Status of medical mycology education.

Journal Article Med Mycol · December 2003 The number of immunocompromised patients and subsequent invasive fungal infections continues to rise. However, the education of future medical mycologists to engage this growing problem is diminishing. While there are an increasing number of publications a ... Full text Link to item Cite

Risk of fungemia due to Rhodotorula and antifungal susceptibility testing of Rhodotorula isolates.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · November 2003 Rhodotorula infections occur among patients with immunosuppression and/or central venous catheters. Using standardized methods (NCCLS M27-A), we determined the antifungal susceptibilities of 10 Rhodotorula bloodstream infection isolates. Patient informatio ... Full text Link to item Cite

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in an immunodeficient child treated medically with combination antifungal therapy.

Journal Article Med Mycol · August 2003 Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a rare fungal infection with a poor prognosis when using conventional antifungal therapy in the absence of neurosurgical intervention. We present a case of a pediatric patient with inoperable Cladophialophora bantiana cerebral ... Full text Link to item Cite

Scedosporium prolificans osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child treated with voriconazole and caspofungin, as well as locally applied polyhexamethylene biguanide.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · August 2003 Scedosporium species are increasingly isolated from immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Unfortunately, Scedosporium infections are generally resistant to amphotericin B, and Scedosporium prolificans strains are particularly resistant to the ant ... Full text Link to item Cite

Candidemia in women with breast carcinoma treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation.

Journal Article Cancer · July 1, 2003 BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal infections, including candidemia, pose a major threat to patients with impaired immune defenses, including bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients. During 1992-1997, 845 women with multiple lymph node positive or metastatic ... Full text Link to item Cite

Calcineurin is essential for Candida albicans survival in serum and virulence.

Journal Article Eukaryot Cell · June 2003 Featured Publication Calcineurin is a calcium-activated protein phosphatase that is the target of the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A and FK506. In T cells, calcineurin controls nuclear import of the NF-AT transcription factor and gene activation. In plants and fungi, calcine ... Full text Link to item Cite

Diguanidino and "reversed" diamidino 2,5-diarylfurans as antimicrobial agents.

Journal Article J Med Chem · May 24, 2001 Dicationic 2,5-bis(4-guanidinophenyl)furans 5a-5f, 2,5-bis[4-(arylimino)aminophenyl]furans 6a-6b and 6e-6k, and 2,5-bis[4-(alkylimino)aminophenyl]furans 6c-6d have been synthesized starting from 2,5-bis[tri-n-butylstannyl]furan. Thermal melting studies wit ... Full text Link to item Cite

Unusual fungal pathogens in fungal rhinosinusitis.

Journal Article Otolaryngol Clin North Am · April 2000 Approximately 300 fungal species are known to cause mycotic disease in humans and other animals. More than 50 of these species are documented as agents of rhinosinusitis. Most such infections are caused by species of Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Alternaria, Bipo ... Full text Link to item Cite

Histopathology of fungal rhinosinusitis.

Journal Article Otolaryngol Clin North Am · April 2000 Featured Publication Treatments for the various kinds of fungal rhinosinusitis are fundamentally different, and it is essential to obtain an accurate diagnosis of the particular syndrome in a given case. Microscopic examination of specimens is the most definite and rapid means ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro and in vivo efficacy of the triazole TAK-187 against Cryptococcus neoformans.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · October 1998 Multiple isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans, including those with fluconazole resistance, were tested to assess the in vitro activity of the new triazole TAK-187. MICs of TAK-187 were at least eightfold lower than those of fluconazole, and fungicidal conc ... Full text Link to item Cite

Structure-in vitro activity relationships of pentamidine analogues and dication-substituted bis-benzimidazoles as new antifungal agents.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · October 1998 Twenty analogues of pentamidine, 7 primary metabolites of pentamidine, and 30 dicationic substituted bis-benzimidazoles were screened for their inhibitory and fungicidal activities against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. A majority of the com ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro antifungal activities of a series of dication-substituted carbazoles, furans, and benzimidazoles.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · October 1998 Aromatic dicationic compounds possess antimicrobial activity against a wide range of eucaryotic pathogens, and in the present study an examination of the structures-functions of a series of compounds against fungi was performed. Sixty-seven dicationic mole ... Full text Link to item Cite

The Phenomenon of Adventitious Sporulation

Journal Article American Journal of Clinical Pathology · July 1, 1998 Full text Cite

Morphologic criteria for the preliminary identification of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, and Acremonium species by histopathology.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · January 1998 Featured Publication Nontraditional human pathogenic fungi, including Fusarium, Paecilomyces, and Acremonium species, have been increasingly documented as agents of infection in immunocompromised patients and, occasionally, in normal hosts. Although definitive identification o ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro antifungal activity of pneumocandin L-743,872 against a variety of clinically important molds.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · August 1997 The in vitro activity of the new antifungal drug pneumocandin L-743,872 against 55 isolates of clinically important molds was examined by an adapted macrobroth dilution method for yeasts. Pneumocandin L-743,872 exhibited in vitro antifungal activity agains ... Full text Link to item Cite

In vitro and in vivo efficacies of the azole SCH56592 against Cryptococcus neoformans.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · August 1996 Multiple isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans were tested to compare the in vitro activity of a new triazole, SCH56592, with those of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole, MICs of each drug were determined, and minimum fungicidal concentrations of ... Full text Link to item Cite

Soft-tissue fungal infections: surgical management of 12 immunocompromised patients.

Journal Article Plast Reconstr Surg · June 1996 Isolated fungal soft-tissue infections are uncommon but may cause severe morbidity or mortality among transplant recipients and other immunosuppressed patients. Twelve immunocompromised patients illustrating three patterns of infection were treated recentl ... Full text Link to item Cite

The new fungal opportunists are coming.

Journal Article Clin Infect Dis · May 1996 Frequent and prolonged exposure of immunocompromised patients to a variety of environmental conditions has resulted in the recognition of infections with new fungal opportunists. Infections with fungi such as Fusarium species, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Acrem ... Full text Link to item Cite

Fatal, disseminated Acremonium strictum infection in a neutropenic host.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · May 1996 Disseminated Acremonium strictum infection in a neutropenic patient is reported. Positive fecal cultures preceded positive cutaneous and blood cultures by 18 and 21 days, respectively, which suggests gastrointestinal colonization and invasion as initiating ... Full text Link to item Cite

Oropharyngeal yeast flora and fluconazole resistance in HIV-infected patients receiving long-term continuous versus intermittent fluconazole therapy.

Journal Article AIDS · March 1996 OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of continuous versus intermittent fluconazole therapy on fungal colonization and fluconazole resistance in the oropharynx of HIV-infected patients. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Duke University Adult Infectious Disea ... Full text Link to item Cite

New aspects of emerging fungal pathogens. A multifaceted challenge.

Journal Article Clin Lab Med · June 1995 This article describes adventitious morphologic forms for species of Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Acremonium, and Scedosporium that can be easily mistaken on histologic, cytologic, and microbiologic examination for Candida species. These forms appear to be corr ... Link to item Cite

Cutaneous infection caused by Curvularia pallescens: a case report and review of the spectrum of disease.

Journal Article J Am Acad Dermatol · February 1995 A 75-year-old woman being treated with prednisone and methotrexate had a 5.5 x 2.2 cm ulcer on the leg. A biopsy specimen revealed suppurative, granulomatous dermal inflammation with necrotic areas of septate, branching hyphae containing brown pigment. Cul ... Full text Link to item Cite

First report of involvement of Nodulisporium species in human disease.

Journal Article J Clin Microbiol · September 1994 Allergic fungal sinusitis is a common disease that results from a hypersensitivity reaction mounted by the host against fungi living in the paranasal sinuses. We have recently treated a patient with allergic fungal sinusitis due to a Nodulisporium species. ... Full text Link to item Cite

Correlation of in vitro fluconazole resistance of Candida isolates in relation to therapy and symptoms of individuals seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Journal Article Antimicrob Agents Chemother · November 1993 Yeast strains isolated from the oropharynx of 87 consecutive patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were examined for in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole. Candida albicans was isolated from 73 patients. Fifty-one patients had receive ... Full text Link to item Cite

Uncommon invasive fungal pathogens in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Journal Article J Med Vet Mycol · 1993 This communication lists fungi reported to cause invasive infection in patients with AIDS. It excludes the well known and common fungi that infect these patients such as Candida, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, Coccidioides and Aspergillus. It is likely that th ... Full text Link to item Cite

A nationwide survey of clinical laboratory methodologies for fungal infections.

Journal Article J Med Vet Mycol · 1992 Many hospitalized patients are at risk for fungal infections. In order to characterize present clinical laboratory experience and facilities for diagnosis and management of fungal infections, a nationwide survey of laboratory diagnostic methodologies was c ... Full text Link to item Cite

Issues in cerebrospinal fluid management. Acid-fast bacillus smear and culture.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · March 1991 Meningeal tuberculosis is an uncommon disease in the United States with an annual incidence of fewer than 200 cases. This study evaluates three approaches to improving the use of the cerebrospinal (CSF) acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear and culture procedure: ... Full text Link to item Cite

The use of amphotericin B in nosocomial fungal infection.

Journal Article Rev Infect Dis · 1991 The use of potent broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, the increasing number of immunocompromised hosts, and the use of invasive treatment modalities have exacerbated the problems involved in the management of nosocomial fungal infection. The hospital reco ... Full text Link to item Cite

Primary intranasal Fusarium infection. Potential for confusion with rhinocerebral zygomycosis.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · August 1986 Fusarium species are saprophytic fungi that may colonize human skin and nails and may rarely cause invasive infections in traumatized tissue and in debilitated and immunocompromised patients. We report herein a case of invasive intranasal Fusarium oxysporu ... Link to item Cite

Phaeoannellomyces and the Phaeococcomycetaceae, new dematiaceous blastomycete taxa.

Journal Article Sabouraudia · June 1985 Phaeoannellomyces McGinnis et Schell gen. nov., which is based upon P. elegans McGinnis et Schell sp. nov., is proposed for dematiaceous yeasts which produce percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells. Cladosporium werneckii Horta is transferred to Pha ... Link to item Cite

Phaeoannellomyces and the phaeococcomycetaceae, new dematiaceous blastomycete taxa

Journal Article Sabouraudia Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology · January 1, 1985 Phaeoannellomyces McGinnis et Schell gen. nov., which is based upon P. elegans McGinnis et Schell sp. nov., is proposed for dematiaceous yeast which produce percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells. Cladosporium werneckii Horta is transferred to Phae ... Cite

Mycotic disease. A proposed nomenclature

Journal Article International Journal of Dermatology · 1985 Cite

Zygomycosis caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae: mycologic aspects.

Journal Article Arch Pathol Lab Med · June 1982 Two isolates of Cunninghamella bertholletiae from confirmed cases of human zygomycosis were studied, and their sexual, asexual, and physiologic characteristics described. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for these two isolates, as well as for six other cl ... Link to item Cite

Fusarium infection in burned patients.

Journal Article Am J Clin Pathol · March 1981 The incidence of fungal infections of burn wounds is increasing because of the dramatic improvement in antibacterial chemotherapy and burn wound care. Species of Fusarium, common soil fungi and plant pathogens, are rarely isolated from burn wounds, and inv ... Full text Link to item Cite