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Assessment of Critical Renal Ischemia With Real-Time Infrared Imaging

Publication ,  Journal Article
Gorbach, AM; Wang, H; Dhanani, NN; Gage, FA; Pinto, PA; Smith, PD; Kirk, AD; Elster, EA
Published in: Journal of Surgical Research
2008

Background: Currently visual and tactile clues such as color, mottling, and tissue turgor are used in the operating room for subjective assessments of organ ischemia. Studies have demonstrated that infrared (IR) imaging is a reliable tool to identify perfusion of brain tumors and kidneys during human surgery. Intraoperative IR imaging has the potential for more objective real-time detection and quantitative assessment of organ viability including early ischemia. We hypothesize, by detecting variations of the IR signal, we can assess the degree to which renal surface temperature reflects underlying renal ischemia. To address this hypothesis, IR imaging-derived temperature fluctuations were evaluated during laparotomy in a porcine model (n = 15). These temperature profiles then underwent spectral (frequency) analysis to assess their relationship to well-described oscillations of the microcirculation. Materials and methods: An IR camera was positioned 30-60 cm above the exposed kidneys. Images (3-5 μm wavelength) were collected (1.0/s) at baseline, during warm renal ischemia, and during reperfusion. Dominant frequency (DF) of the tissue temperature fluctuations were determined by a Fourier transformation (spectral) analysis. Results: IR images immediately showed which segments of the kidney were ischemic. DF at ∼0.008 Hz that corresponds to blood flow oscillations was observed in thermal profiles. The oscillations were diminished or disappeared after 25 min of warm ischemia and were recovered with reperfusion in a time-dependent fashion. Oscillations were attenuated substantially in ischemic segments, but not in perfused segments of the kidney. Conclusions: The described oscillations can be measured noninvasively using IR imaging in the operating room, as represented by the DF, and may be an early marker of critical renal ischemia. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Published In

Journal of Surgical Research

DOI

ISSN

0022-4804

Publication Date

2008

Volume

149

Issue

2

Start / End Page

310 / 318

Related Subject Headings

  • Tissue Survival
  • Thermography
  • Swine
  • Surgery
  • Reperfusion
  • Male
  • Kidney
  • Ischemia
  • Hyperemia
  • Fourier Analysis
 

Citation

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Gorbach, A. M., Wang, H., Dhanani, N. N., Gage, F. A., Pinto, P. A., Smith, P. D., … Elster, E. A. (2008). Assessment of Critical Renal Ischemia With Real-Time Infrared Imaging. Journal of Surgical Research, 149(2), 310–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.007
Gorbach, A. M., H. Wang, N. N. Dhanani, F. A. Gage, P. A. Pinto, P. D. Smith, A. D. Kirk, and E. A. Elster. “Assessment of Critical Renal Ischemia With Real-Time Infrared Imaging.” Journal of Surgical Research 149, no. 2 (2008): 310–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.007.
Gorbach AM, Wang H, Dhanani NN, Gage FA, Pinto PA, Smith PD, et al. Assessment of Critical Renal Ischemia With Real-Time Infrared Imaging. Journal of Surgical Research. 2008;149(2):310–8.
Gorbach, A. M., et al. “Assessment of Critical Renal Ischemia With Real-Time Infrared Imaging.” Journal of Surgical Research, vol. 149, no. 2, 2008, pp. 310–18. Manual, doi:10.1016/j.jss.2008.02.007.
Gorbach AM, Wang H, Dhanani NN, Gage FA, Pinto PA, Smith PD, Kirk AD, Elster EA. Assessment of Critical Renal Ischemia With Real-Time Infrared Imaging. Journal of Surgical Research. 2008;149(2):310–318.
Journal cover image

Published In

Journal of Surgical Research

DOI

ISSN

0022-4804

Publication Date

2008

Volume

149

Issue

2

Start / End Page

310 / 318

Related Subject Headings

  • Tissue Survival
  • Thermography
  • Swine
  • Surgery
  • Reperfusion
  • Male
  • Kidney
  • Ischemia
  • Hyperemia
  • Fourier Analysis