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Daily rifapentine for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. A randomized, dose-ranging trial.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Dorman, SE; Savic, RM; Goldberg, S; Stout, JE; Schluger, N; Muzanyi, G; Johnson, JL; Nahid, P; Hecker, EJ; Heilig, CM; Bozeman, L; Feng, P-JI ...
Published in: Am J Respir Crit Care Med
February 1, 2015

RATIONALE: Rifapentine has potent activity in mouse models of tuberculosis chemotherapy but its optimal dose and exposure in humans are unknown. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a randomized, partially blinded dose-ranging study to determine tolerability, safety, and antimicrobial activity of daily rifapentine for pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. METHODS: Adults with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were assigned rifapentine 10, 15, or 20 mg/kg or rifampin 10 mg/kg daily for 8 weeks (intensive phase), with isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The primary tolerability end point was treatment discontinuation. The primary efficacy end point was negative sputum cultures at completion of intensive phase. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 334 participants were enrolled. At completion of intensive phase, cultures on solid media were negative in 81.3% of participants in the rifampin group versus 92.5% (P = 0.097), 89.4% (P = 0.29), and 94.7% (P = 0.049) in the rifapentine 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg groups. Liquid cultures were negative in 56.3% (rifampin group) versus 74.6% (P = 0.042), 69.7% (P = 0.16), and 82.5% (P = 0.004), respectively. Compared with the rifampin group, the proportion negative at the end of intensive phase was higher among rifapentine recipients who had high rifapentine areas under the concentration-time curve. Percentages of participants discontinuing assigned treatment for reasons other than microbiologic ineligibility were similar across groups (rifampin, 8.2%; rifapentine 10, 15, or 20 mg/kg, 3.4, 2.5, and 7.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Daily rifapentine was well-tolerated and safe. High rifapentine exposures were associated with high levels of sputum sterilization at completion of intensive phase. Further studies are warranted to determine if regimens that deliver high rifapentine exposures can shorten treatment duration to less than 6 months. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00694629).

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Published In

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

DOI

EISSN

1535-4970

Publication Date

February 1, 2015

Volume

191

Issue

3

Start / End Page

333 / 343

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
  • Treatment Outcome
  • South America
  • Single-Blind Method
  • Rifampin
  • Respiratory System
  • North America
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Humans
 

Citation

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Dorman, S. E., Savic, R. M., Goldberg, S., Stout, J. E., Schluger, N., Muzanyi, G., … Tuberculosis Trials Consortium. (2015). Daily rifapentine for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. A randomized, dose-ranging trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 191(3), 333–343. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201410-1843OC
Dorman, Susan E., Radojka M. Savic, Stefan Goldberg, Jason E. Stout, Neil Schluger, Grace Muzanyi, John L. Johnson, et al. “Daily rifapentine for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. A randomized, dose-ranging trial.Am J Respir Crit Care Med 191, no. 3 (February 1, 2015): 333–43. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201410-1843OC.
Dorman SE, Savic RM, Goldberg S, Stout JE, Schluger N, Muzanyi G, et al. Daily rifapentine for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. A randomized, dose-ranging trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Feb 1;191(3):333–43.
Dorman, Susan E., et al. “Daily rifapentine for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. A randomized, dose-ranging trial.Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol. 191, no. 3, Feb. 2015, pp. 333–43. Pubmed, doi:10.1164/rccm.201410-1843OC.
Dorman SE, Savic RM, Goldberg S, Stout JE, Schluger N, Muzanyi G, Johnson JL, Nahid P, Hecker EJ, Heilig CM, Bozeman L, Feng P-JI, Moro RN, MacKenzie W, Dooley KE, Nuermberger EL, Vernon A, Weiner M, Tuberculosis Trials Consortium. Daily rifapentine for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. A randomized, dose-ranging trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Feb 1;191(3):333–343.

Published In

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

DOI

EISSN

1535-4970

Publication Date

February 1, 2015

Volume

191

Issue

3

Start / End Page

333 / 343

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
  • Treatment Outcome
  • South America
  • Single-Blind Method
  • Rifampin
  • Respiratory System
  • North America
  • Middle Aged
  • Male
  • Humans