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The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP): Clinical, Diagnostic, and Epidemiological Methodologies.

Publication ,  Journal Article
von Kalckreuth, V; Konings, F; Aaby, P; Adu-Sarkodie, Y; Ali, M; Aseffa, A; Baker, S; Breiman, RF; Bjerregaard-Andersen, M; Clemens, JD; Im, J ...
Published in: Clin Infect Dis
March 15, 2016

BACKGROUND: New immunization programs are dependent on data from surveillance networks and disease burden estimates to prioritize target areas and risk groups. Data regarding invasive Salmonella disease in sub-Saharan Africa are currently limited, thus hindering the implementation of preventive measures. The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP) was established by the International Vaccine Institute to obtain comparable incidence data on typhoid fever and invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease in sub-Saharan Africa through standardized surveillance in multiple countries. METHODS: Standardized procedures were developed and deployed across sites for study site selection, patient enrolment, laboratory procedures, quality control and quality assurance, assessment of healthcare utilization and incidence calculations. RESULTS: Passive surveillance for bloodstream infections among febrile patients was initiated at thirteen sentinel sites in ten countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania). Each TSAP site conducted case detection using these standardized methods to isolate and identify aerobic bacteria from the bloodstream of febrile patients. Healthcare utilization surveys were conducted to adjust population denominators in incidence calculations for differing healthcare utilization patterns and improve comparability of incidence rates across sites. CONCLUSIONS: By providing standardized data on the incidence of typhoid fever and iNTS disease in sub-Saharan Africa, TSAP will provide vital input for targeted typhoid fever prevention programs.

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Published In

Clin Infect Dis

DOI

EISSN

1537-6591

Publication Date

March 15, 2016

Volume

62 Suppl 1

Issue

Suppl 1

Start / End Page

S9 / S16

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Typhoid Fever
  • Public Health Surveillance
  • Microbiology
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Infant
  • Humans
  • Child, Preschool
  • Child
  • Africa South of the Sahara
  • Adolescent
 

Citation

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von Kalckreuth, V., Konings, F., Aaby, P., Adu-Sarkodie, Y., Ali, M., Aseffa, A., … Marks, F. (2016). The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP): Clinical, Diagnostic, and Epidemiological Methodologies. Clin Infect Dis, 62 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), S9–S16. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ693
Kalckreuth, Vera von, Frank Konings, Peter Aaby, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie, Mohammad Ali, Abraham Aseffa, Stephen Baker, et al. “The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP): Clinical, Diagnostic, and Epidemiological Methodologies.Clin Infect Dis 62 Suppl 1, no. Suppl 1 (March 15, 2016): S9–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ693.
von Kalckreuth V, Konings F, Aaby P, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Ali M, Aseffa A, et al. The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP): Clinical, Diagnostic, and Epidemiological Methodologies. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Mar 15;62 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S9–16.
von Kalckreuth, Vera, et al. “The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP): Clinical, Diagnostic, and Epidemiological Methodologies.Clin Infect Dis, vol. 62 Suppl 1, no. Suppl 1, Mar. 2016, pp. S9–16. Pubmed, doi:10.1093/cid/civ693.
von Kalckreuth V, Konings F, Aaby P, Adu-Sarkodie Y, Ali M, Aseffa A, Baker S, Breiman RF, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Clemens JD, Crump JA, Cruz Espinoza LM, Deerin JF, Gasmelseed N, Sow AG, Im J, Keddy KH, Cosmas L, May J, Meyer CG, Mintz ED, Montgomery JM, Olack B, Pak GD, Panzner U, Park SE, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Schütt-Gerowitt H, Soura AB, Warren MR, Wierzba TF, Marks F. The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP): Clinical, Diagnostic, and Epidemiological Methodologies. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Mar 15;62 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S9–S16.
Journal cover image

Published In

Clin Infect Dis

DOI

EISSN

1537-6591

Publication Date

March 15, 2016

Volume

62 Suppl 1

Issue

Suppl 1

Start / End Page

S9 / S16

Location

United States

Related Subject Headings

  • Typhoid Fever
  • Public Health Surveillance
  • Microbiology
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Infant
  • Humans
  • Child, Preschool
  • Child
  • Africa South of the Sahara
  • Adolescent