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Dynamic Simulation of the Effects of Graft Fixation Errors During Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction

Publication ,  Journal Article
Elias, JJ; Kelly, MJ; Smith, KE; Gall, KA; Farr, J
Published in: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
September 12, 2016

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is performed to prevent recurrent instability, but errors in femoral fixation can elevate graft tension. Hypothesis: Errors related to femoral fixation will overconstrain the patella and increase medial patellofemoral pressures. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Five knees with patellar instability were represented with computational models. Kinematics during knee extension were characterized from computational reconstruction of motion performed within a dynamic computed tomography (CT) scanner. Multibody dynamic simulation of knee extension, with discrete element analysis used to quantify contact pressures, was performed for the preoperative condition and after MPFL reconstruction. A standard femoral attachment and graft resting length were set for each knee. The resting length was decreased by 2 mm, and the femoral attachment was shifted 5 mm posteriorly. The simulated errors were also combined. Root-mean-square errors were quantified for the comparison of preoperative patellar lateral shift and tilt between computationally reconstructed motion and dynamic simulation. Simulation output was compared between the preoperative and MPFL reconstruction conditions with repeated-measures Friedman tests and Dunnett comparisons against a control, which was the standard MPFL condition, with statistical significance set at P <.05. Results: Root-mean-square errors for simulated patellar tilt and shift were 5.8° and 3.3 mm, respectively. Patellar lateral tracking for the preoperative condition was significantly larger near full extension compared with the standard MPFL reconstruction (mean differences of 8 mm and 13° for shift and tilt, respectively, at 0°), and lateral tracking was significantly smaller for a posterior femoral attachment (mean differences of 3 mm and 4° for shift and tilt, respectively, at 0°). The maximum medial pressure was also larger for the short graft with a posterior femoral attachment than for standard MPFL reconstruction, with a significant increase in the mean value of 1.6 MPa at 30°. Conclusion: MPFL reconstruction reduces lateral tracking, but nonanatomic femoral fixation and overtensioning the graft overcorrect patellar tracking and increase pressure applied to medial patellar cartilage. Clinical Relevance: Errors in femoral fixation and graft tensioning can lead to postoperative loss of flexion and overloading of medial cartilage.

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Published In

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

DOI

EISSN

2325-9671

Publication Date

September 12, 2016

Volume

4

Issue

9

Related Subject Headings

  • 4207 Sports science and exercise
  • 3202 Clinical sciences
  • 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences
  • 1103 Clinical Sciences
 

Citation

APA
Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
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Elias, J. J., Kelly, M. J., Smith, K. E., Gall, K. A., & Farr, J. (2016). Dynamic Simulation of the Effects of Graft Fixation Errors During Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 4(9). https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967116665080
Elias, J. J., M. J. Kelly, K. E. Smith, K. A. Gall, and J. Farr. “Dynamic Simulation of the Effects of Graft Fixation Errors During Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction.” Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 4, no. 9 (September 12, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967116665080.
Elias JJ, Kelly MJ, Smith KE, Gall KA, Farr J. Dynamic Simulation of the Effects of Graft Fixation Errors During Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016 Sep 12;4(9).
Elias, J. J., et al. “Dynamic Simulation of the Effects of Graft Fixation Errors During Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction.” Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 4, no. 9, Sept. 2016. Scopus, doi:10.1177/2325967116665080.
Elias JJ, Kelly MJ, Smith KE, Gall KA, Farr J. Dynamic Simulation of the Effects of Graft Fixation Errors During Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016 Sep 12;4(9).
Journal cover image

Published In

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

DOI

EISSN

2325-9671

Publication Date

September 12, 2016

Volume

4

Issue

9

Related Subject Headings

  • 4207 Sports science and exercise
  • 3202 Clinical sciences
  • 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences
  • 1103 Clinical Sciences