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Mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitochondrial toxicity.

Publication ,  Journal Article
Meyer, JN; Leuthner, TC; Luz, AL
Published in: Toxicology
November 2017

Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by two sets of opposed processes: mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation (including mitophagy), as well as processes such as intracellular transport. These processes maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, regulate mitochondrial form, volume and function, and are increasingly understood to be critical components of the cellular stress response. Mitochondrial dynamics vary based on developmental stage and age, cell type, environmental factors, and genetic background. Indeed, many mitochondrial homeostasis genes are human disease genes. Emerging evidence indicates that deficiencies in these genes often sensitize to environmental exposures, yet can also be protective under certain circumstances. Inhibition of mitochondrial dynamics also affects elimination of irreparable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and transmission of mtDNA mutations. We briefly review the basic biology of mitodynamic processes with a focus on mitochondrial fusion and fission, discuss what is known and unknown regarding how these processes respond to chemical and other stressors, and review the literature on interactions between mitochondrial toxicity and genetic variation in mitochondrial fusion and fission genes. Finally, we suggest areas for future research, including elucidating the full range of mitodynamic responses from low to high-level exposures, and from acute to chronic exposures; detailed examination of the physiological consequences of mitodynamic alterations in different cell types; mechanism-based testing of mitotoxicant interactions with interindividual variability in mitodynamics processes; and incorporating other environmental variables that affect mitochondria, such as diet and exercise.

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Published In

Toxicology

DOI

EISSN

1879-3185

ISSN

0300-483X

Publication Date

November 2017

Volume

391

Start / End Page

42 / 53

Related Subject Headings

  • Toxicology
  • Time Factors
  • Risk Assessment
  • Mitochondrial Dynamics
  • Mitochondria
  • Humans
  • Environmental Pollutants
  • Environmental Exposure
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
 

Citation

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Chicago
ICMJE
MLA
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Meyer, J. N., Leuthner, T. C., & Luz, A. L. (2017). Mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitochondrial toxicity. Toxicology, 391, 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.019
Meyer, Joel N., Tess C. Leuthner, and Anthony L. Luz. “Mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitochondrial toxicity.Toxicology 391 (November 2017): 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.019.
Meyer JN, Leuthner TC, Luz AL. Mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitochondrial toxicity. Toxicology. 2017 Nov;391:42–53.
Meyer, Joel N., et al. “Mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitochondrial toxicity.Toxicology, vol. 391, Nov. 2017, pp. 42–53. Epmc, doi:10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.019.
Meyer JN, Leuthner TC, Luz AL. Mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitochondrial toxicity. Toxicology. 2017 Nov;391:42–53.
Journal cover image

Published In

Toxicology

DOI

EISSN

1879-3185

ISSN

0300-483X

Publication Date

November 2017

Volume

391

Start / End Page

42 / 53

Related Subject Headings

  • Toxicology
  • Time Factors
  • Risk Assessment
  • Mitochondrial Dynamics
  • Mitochondria
  • Humans
  • Environmental Pollutants
  • Environmental Exposure
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug